US20120174898A1 - Method of fueling an internal combustion engine using pressurized and heated fuel - Google Patents
Method of fueling an internal combustion engine using pressurized and heated fuel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20120174898A1 US20120174898A1 US13/113,671 US201113113671A US2012174898A1 US 20120174898 A1 US20120174898 A1 US 20120174898A1 US 201113113671 A US201113113671 A US 201113113671A US 2012174898 A1 US2012174898 A1 US 2012174898A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- liquid fuel
- fuel
- psig
- internal combustion
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
- F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
- F02M31/12—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating electrically
- F02M31/125—Fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
- F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
- F02M31/16—Other apparatus for heating fuel
- F02M31/18—Other apparatus for heating fuel to vaporise fuel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to internal combustion engines and, more specifically, to methods of providing fuel to internal combustion engines.
- the invention satisfies this need.
- the invention is a method of operating an internal combustion engine comprising the steps of (a) pressurizing a liquid fuel to a pressure above 150 psig; (b) heating the liquid fuel to a temperature above 500° F. to produce a heated liquid fuel; (c) suddenly reducing the pressure of the heated liquid fuel sufficiently to vaporize the heated liquid fuel to form a vaporized hot fuel; (d) combining the vaporized hot fuel with oxygen to form a vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture; (e) introducing the vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture into the internal combustion engine; and (f) combusting the vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture within the internal combustion engine.
- the invention is also an internal combustion engine having a fuel introduction system comprising (a) a pump for pressurizing liquid fuel to a pressure above about 150 psig; (b) an in-line heater for heating a liquid fuel to a temperature above 500° F. to produce a heated liquid fuel; (c) an in-line valve or orifice for suddenly reducing the pressure sufficiently to vaporize the heated liquid fuel; (d) mixing means for mixing the heated liquid fuel with oxygen to form a vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture and for introducing the vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture into the internal combustion engine.
- a fuel introduction system comprising (a) a pump for pressurizing liquid fuel to a pressure above about 150 psig; (b) an in-line heater for heating a liquid fuel to a temperature above 500° F. to produce a heated liquid fuel; (c) an in-line valve or orifice for suddenly reducing the pressure sufficiently to vaporize the heated liquid fuel; (d) mixing means for mixing the heated liquid fuel with oxygen to form a vapor
- FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a method for operating an internal combustion engine having features of the invention.
- the invention is a method of operating an internal combustion engine comprising the steps of (a) pressurizing a liquid fuel to a pressure above 150 psig; (b) heating the liquid fuel to a temperature above 500° F. to produce a heated liquid fuel; (c) suddenly reducing the pressure of the heated liquid fuel sufficiently to vaporize the heated liquid fuel to form a vaporized hot fuel; (d) combining the vaporized hot fuel with oxygen to form a vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture; (e) introducing the vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture into the internal combustion engine; and (f) combusting the vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture within the internal combustion engine.
- the liquid fuel used in the fuel introduction system 10 of the invention is gasoline, but other liquid fuels and fuel mixtures, including alcohols, light naphtas and kerosenes can be used as well.
- the liquid fuel is pressurized with a pump 12 in step (a) to a pressure between about 150 psig and about 600 psig, more typically between about 250 psig and about 500 psig, and most typically between about 350 psig and about 450 psig.
- the heating of the liquid fuel in step (b) can be conveniently accomplished using an in-line electrical heater 14 .
- the electrical heater 14 can he controlled by a controller 16 which senses the temperature of the fuel exiting the electrical heater 14 and adjusts the heating within the electrical heater 14 accordingly.
- the liquid fuel is heated in step (b) to a temperature between about 500° F. and about 800° F., more typically between about 600° F. and about 700° F.
- step (c) The pressure of the heated liquid fuel. is suddenly reduced in step (c) across an expansion valve, orifice or other expansion means 18 disposed within the fuel line.
- the pressure of the heated fuel is suddenly reduced in step (c) to a pressure between about 20 psig and about 60 psig.
- the oxygen used to combine with the vaporized hot fuel in step (d) is typically atmospheric air. Bottled oxygen and oxygen-containing mixtures can also be used.
- mixing means 20 such as a carburetor or a fuel injection system, the designs of which are well-known to those of skill in the art.
- the combining of the vaporized hot fuel with oxygen to form a vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture in step (d) is performed within a mixing chamber 22
- the introduction of the vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture into the internal combustion engine in step (e) is accomplished via an intake manifold 24 .
- the intake manifold 24 can be encapsulated within the mixing chamber 22 so that leaks within the intake manifold 24 are retained by the structure of the mixing chamber 22 .
- the invention results in an internal combustion engine with markedly increased fuel efficiency over ordinary internal combustion engines of the prior art. Whereas as much as 40% of the fuel introduced to conventional engines passes through the engine uncombusted or only partially combusted, typically greater than 95% of the fuel introduced into internal combustion engines employing the invention are completely combusted.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
Abstract
A method of operating an internal combustion engine comprises the steps of (a) pressurizing a liquid fuel to a pressure above 150 psig; (b) heating the liquid fuel to a temperature above 500° F. to produce a heated liquid fuel; (c) suddenly reducing the pressure of the heated liquid fuel sufficiently to vaporize the heated liquid fuel to form a vaporized hot fuel; (d) combining the vaporized hot fuel with oxygen to form a vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture; (e) introducing the vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture into the internal combustion engine; and (f) combusting the vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture within the internal combustion engine.
Description
- This invention relates generally to internal combustion engines and, more specifically, to methods of providing fuel to internal combustion engines.
- As the concerns for petroleum reserves, national petroleum dependency and petroleum combustion air pollution mount, the quest for increasing the efficiency of internal combustion engines intensifies.
- It is well-known that the conventional burning of liquid fuels within internal combustion engines is far from efficient. A large percentage of liquid fuel introduced into a conventional internal combustion engine passes through the engine unburned or only partially burned.
- Accordingly, there is an urgent need for methods of operating an internal combustion engine which markedly increase the fuel efficiency of such internal combustion engines.
- The invention satisfies this need. The invention is a method of operating an internal combustion engine comprising the steps of (a) pressurizing a liquid fuel to a pressure above 150 psig; (b) heating the liquid fuel to a temperature above 500° F. to produce a heated liquid fuel; (c) suddenly reducing the pressure of the heated liquid fuel sufficiently to vaporize the heated liquid fuel to form a vaporized hot fuel; (d) combining the vaporized hot fuel with oxygen to form a vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture; (e) introducing the vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture into the internal combustion engine; and (f) combusting the vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture within the internal combustion engine.
- The invention is also an internal combustion engine having a fuel introduction system comprising (a) a pump for pressurizing liquid fuel to a pressure above about 150 psig; (b) an in-line heater for heating a liquid fuel to a temperature above 500° F. to produce a heated liquid fuel; (c) an in-line valve or orifice for suddenly reducing the pressure sufficiently to vaporize the heated liquid fuel; (d) mixing means for mixing the heated liquid fuel with oxygen to form a vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture and for introducing the vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture into the internal combustion engine.
- These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following description, appended claims and accompanying drawings where:
-
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a method for operating an internal combustion engine having features of the invention. - The following discussion describes in detail one embodiment of the invention and several variations of that embodiment. This discussion should not be construed, however, as limiting the invention to those particular embodiments. Practitioners skilled in the art will recognize numerous other embodiments as well.
- The invention is a method of operating an internal combustion engine comprising the steps of (a) pressurizing a liquid fuel to a pressure above 150 psig; (b) heating the liquid fuel to a temperature above 500° F. to produce a heated liquid fuel; (c) suddenly reducing the pressure of the heated liquid fuel sufficiently to vaporize the heated liquid fuel to form a vaporized hot fuel; (d) combining the vaporized hot fuel with oxygen to form a vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture; (e) introducing the vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture into the internal combustion engine; and (f) combusting the vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture within the internal combustion engine.
- Typically, the liquid fuel used in the fuel introduction system 10 of the invention is gasoline, but other liquid fuels and fuel mixtures, including alcohols, light naphtas and kerosenes can be used as well.
- Typically, the liquid fuel is pressurized with a
pump 12 in step (a) to a pressure between about 150 psig and about 600 psig, more typically between about 250 psig and about 500 psig, and most typically between about 350 psig and about 450 psig. - The heating of the liquid fuel in step (b) can be conveniently accomplished using an in-line
electrical heater 14. Theelectrical heater 14 can he controlled by acontroller 16 which senses the temperature of the fuel exiting theelectrical heater 14 and adjusts the heating within theelectrical heater 14 accordingly. - Typically, the liquid fuel is heated in step (b) to a temperature between about 500° F. and about 800° F., more typically between about 600° F. and about 700° F.
- The pressure of the heated liquid fuel. is suddenly reduced in step (c) across an expansion valve, orifice or other expansion means 18 disposed within the fuel line. Typically, the pressure of the heated fuel is suddenly reduced in step (c) to a pressure between about 20 psig and about 60 psig.
- The oxygen used to combine with the vaporized hot fuel in step (d) is typically atmospheric air. Bottled oxygen and oxygen-containing mixtures can also be used.
- The mixing of the oxygen with the vaporized hot fuel and the introduction of a vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture into the internal combustion engine can be accomplished via mixing means 20, such as a carburetor or a fuel injection system, the designs of which are well-known to those of skill in the art.
- In one embodiment of the invention, the combining of the vaporized hot fuel with oxygen to form a vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture in step (d) is performed within a
mixing chamber 22, and the introduction of the vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture into the internal combustion engine in step (e) is accomplished via anintake manifold 24. To increase the safety of the fuel introduction system, theintake manifold 24 can be encapsulated within themixing chamber 22 so that leaks within theintake manifold 24 are retained by the structure of themixing chamber 22. - The invention results in an internal combustion engine with markedly increased fuel efficiency over ordinary internal combustion engines of the prior art. Whereas as much as 40% of the fuel introduced to conventional engines passes through the engine uncombusted or only partially combusted, typically greater than 95% of the fuel introduced into internal combustion engines employing the invention are completely combusted.
- Having thus described the invention, it should be apparent that numerous structural modifications and adaptations may be resorted to without departing from the scope and fair meaning of the instant invention as set forth hereinabove.
Claims (16)
1. A method of operating an internal combustion engine comprising the steps of:
(a) pressurizing a liquid fuel to a pressure above 150 psig;
(b) heating the liquid fuel to a temperature above 500° F. to produce a heated liquid fuel;
(c) suddenly reducing the pressure of the heated liquid fuel sufficiently to vaporize the heated liquid fuel to form a vaporized hot fuel;
(d) combining the vaporized hot fuel with oxygen in a mixing chamber disposed upstream of the internal combustion engine, to form a vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture;
(e) introducing the vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture into the internal combustion engine; and
(f) combusting the vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture within the internal combustion engine.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid fuel is pressurized in step (a) to a pressure between about 150 psig and about 600 psig.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid fuel is pressurized in step (a) to a pressure between about 250 psig and about 500 psig.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid fuel is pressurized in step (a) to a pressure between about 350 psig and about 450 psig.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid fuel is heated in step (b) to a temperature between about 500° F. and about 800° F.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid fuel is heated in step (b) to a temperature between about 600° F. and about 700° F.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the pressure of the heated liquid fuel is suddenly reduced in step (c) to a pressure between about 20 psig and about 60 psig.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the combining of the vaporized hot fuel with oxygen to form a vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture in step (d) is performed within a mixing chamber, wherein the introduction of the vaporized hot fuel/oxygen. mixture into the internal combustion engine in step (e) is accomplished via an intake manifold and wherein the intake manifold is encapsulated within the mixing chamber.
9-10. (canceled)
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid fuel is gasoline which is pressured in step (a) to a pressure between about 150 psig and about 600 psig.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid fuel is gasoline which is pressured in step (a) to a pressure between about 250 psig and about 500 psig.
13. The method of claim wherein the liquid fuel is gasoline which is pressured in step (a) to a pressure between about 350 psig and about 450 psig.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid fuel is gasoline which is heated in step (b) to a temperature between about 500° F. and about 800° F.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid fuel is gasoline which is heated in step (b) to a temperature between about 600° F. and about 700° F.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid fuel is gasoline which is reduced in pressure in step (c) to a pressure between about 20 psig and about 60 psig.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid fuel is gasoline and wherein the internal combustion engine comprises an intake manifold encapsulated within the mixing chamber.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/113,671 US20120174898A1 (en) | 2007-05-21 | 2011-06-15 | Method of fueling an internal combustion engine using pressurized and heated fuel |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/751,488 US7992549B2 (en) | 2007-05-21 | 2007-05-21 | Method of fueling an internal combustion engine using pressurized and heated fuel |
US13/113,671 US20120174898A1 (en) | 2007-05-21 | 2011-06-15 | Method of fueling an internal combustion engine using pressurized and heated fuel |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/751,488 Division US7992549B2 (en) | 2007-05-21 | 2007-05-21 | Method of fueling an internal combustion engine using pressurized and heated fuel |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20120174898A1 true US20120174898A1 (en) | 2012-07-12 |
Family
ID=40071235
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/751,488 Expired - Fee Related US7992549B2 (en) | 2007-05-21 | 2007-05-21 | Method of fueling an internal combustion engine using pressurized and heated fuel |
US13/113,671 Abandoned US20120174898A1 (en) | 2007-05-21 | 2011-06-15 | Method of fueling an internal combustion engine using pressurized and heated fuel |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/751,488 Expired - Fee Related US7992549B2 (en) | 2007-05-21 | 2007-05-21 | Method of fueling an internal combustion engine using pressurized and heated fuel |
Country Status (1)
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US (2) | US7992549B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7028675B2 (en) * | 2003-11-11 | 2006-04-18 | Vapor Fuel Technologies, Inc. | Vapor fueled engine |
US20080032245A1 (en) * | 2003-11-11 | 2008-02-07 | Vapor Fuel Technologies, Llc | Fuel utilization |
US20070277790A1 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2007-12-06 | Raymond Bryce Bushnell | System for improving fuel utilization |
US10119703B2 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2018-11-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Method for low power non-coking liquid hydrocarbon fuel vaporization and supercritical phase change |
US11208973B2 (en) | 2019-05-06 | 2021-12-28 | Watt If Consulting and Developing LLC | Apparatus and method to improve vaporization of fuel in internal combustion engines |
US11448166B2 (en) | 2019-07-29 | 2022-09-20 | Watt If Consulting and Developing LLC | Apparatus and method to improve vaporization of fuel in internal combustion engines |
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US1509426A (en) * | 1919-10-13 | 1924-09-23 | Jr Norris B Gregg | Apparatus for forming fuel charges for internal-combustion engines |
US2323639A (en) * | 1939-06-16 | 1943-07-06 | Evans Prod Co | Internal combustion engine charge forming apparatus |
US2717827A (en) * | 1953-01-15 | 1955-09-13 | Ethridge C Best | Vaporized fuel injection carburetor |
US2858811A (en) * | 1956-02-14 | 1958-11-04 | James A Bede | Fuel injection |
US3110584A (en) * | 1960-06-27 | 1963-11-12 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Liquid fuel injection in blast furnaces |
US3999525A (en) * | 1970-11-25 | 1976-12-28 | Robert Bosch G.M.B.H. | Apparatus for the cold starting and warming run of spark plug-ignited internal combustion engines |
US3968775A (en) * | 1973-09-24 | 1976-07-13 | Energy Research Inc. | Fuel system for internal combustion engines |
DE2411080A1 (en) * | 1974-03-08 | 1975-09-18 | Volkswagenwerk Ag | EXTERNAL IGNITION ENGINE OPERATED WITH LOAD STRATIFICATION |
US4023538A (en) * | 1975-10-24 | 1977-05-17 | Econo Fuel Systems, Inc. | Hot fuel gas generator |
US4372278A (en) * | 1980-10-20 | 1983-02-08 | Smith Rodney D | High temperature and high pressure fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engines |
US4445485A (en) * | 1981-11-27 | 1984-05-01 | Chamness Jr Addison B | Engine fuel system |
US4665881A (en) * | 1981-12-28 | 1987-05-19 | Ford Motor Company | Heated fuel injection system |
JPS6026152A (en) * | 1983-07-22 | 1985-02-09 | Sanshin Ind Co Ltd | Fuel feeder of 2-cycle internal-combustion engine for outboard motor |
US4680110A (en) * | 1984-01-23 | 1987-07-14 | Davco Manufacturing Corporation | Filter block mounted fuel processor apparatus |
DE3414201A1 (en) * | 1984-04-14 | 1985-10-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | DEVICE FOR INJECTING FUEL IN COMBUSTION ROOMS |
US4708118A (en) * | 1986-04-23 | 1987-11-24 | Anti-P, Inc. | Fuel injected internal combustion engine pollutant control system |
US5033957A (en) * | 1989-08-21 | 1991-07-23 | Advanced Mechanical Technology, Inc. | Vaporizing diesel burner |
US5386813A (en) * | 1993-10-18 | 1995-02-07 | Leblanc; Monty J. | Fuel saving device |
US5582139A (en) * | 1995-02-08 | 1996-12-10 | Feuerman; Arnold I. | Fuel injector for a gaseous fuel supply |
TW374826B (en) * | 1997-05-23 | 1999-11-21 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Fuel injection internal combustion engine with sub-combustion chamber |
JPH1193694A (en) * | 1997-09-18 | 1999-04-06 | Toshiba Corp | Gas turbine plant |
US6487994B2 (en) * | 1999-07-23 | 2002-12-03 | Supercritical Combustion Corporation | Sub-critical water-fuel composition and combustion system |
US6240883B1 (en) * | 1999-07-23 | 2001-06-05 | Quantum Energy Technologies | Sub-critical water-fuel composition and combustion system |
US6868839B2 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2005-03-22 | Alex Chu | Vaporized fuel injection system and method |
JP2006183657A (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2006-07-13 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Injector |
-
2007
- 2007-05-21 US US11/751,488 patent/US7992549B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-06-15 US US13/113,671 patent/US20120174898A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20080289609A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
US7992549B2 (en) | 2011-08-09 |
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |