US20120160510A1 - Flexible catenary riser having distributed sag bend ballast - Google Patents

Flexible catenary riser having distributed sag bend ballast Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120160510A1
US20120160510A1 US13/392,397 US201013392397A US2012160510A1 US 20120160510 A1 US20120160510 A1 US 20120160510A1 US 201013392397 A US201013392397 A US 201013392397A US 2012160510 A1 US2012160510 A1 US 2012160510A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
ballast
wave
catenary
pipe
subsea
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/392,397
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English (en)
Inventor
Shankar Bhat
Kartik Sharma
Mark Kalman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DeepFlex Inc
Original Assignee
DeepFlex Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DeepFlex Inc filed Critical DeepFlex Inc
Priority to US13/392,397 priority Critical patent/US20120160510A1/en
Assigned to DEEPFLEX INC. reassignment DEEPFLEX INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BHAT, SHANKAR, SHARMA, KARTIK, KALMAN, MARK
Publication of US20120160510A1 publication Critical patent/US20120160510A1/en
Assigned to COMERICA BANK reassignment COMERICA BANK SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: DEEPFLEX, INC.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/01—Risers
    • E21B17/015—Non-vertical risers, e.g. articulated or catenary-type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/24—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of pipe-lines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L1/00—Laying or reclaiming pipes; Repairing or joining pipes on or under water
    • F16L1/12—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water
    • F16L1/20—Accessories therefor, e.g. floats, weights
    • F16L1/24—Floats; Weights

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to apparatus and methods of distributing ballast at a sag bend of a flexible catenary riser.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,491,779 entitled “Method of Forming Composite Tubular Assembly,” filed Apr. 24, 2000, assigned to the assignee of the present application, and incorporated by reference in its entirety, discloses a flexible pipe made of lightweight composite materials for subsea use.
  • conventional pipe relatively heavy pipe, usually steel
  • Such conventional pipe systems require expensive equipment at the surface or elsewhere to offset the heavy weight of the steel pipe.
  • the present disclosure relates to a subsea catenary.
  • the subsea catenary includes a flexible pipe, and a selected amount of ballast attached to the flexible pipe, in which the ballast is distributed in a wave pattern on a sag bend of the subsea catenary.
  • the present disclosure relates to a method to apply ballast weight to a subsea catenary.
  • the method includes identifying a position of a sag bend in a flexible pipe of the subsea catenary, and applying ballast in a wave distribution along the subsea pipe at the identified position.
  • FIG. 1 shows a side elevation schematic of catenary risers.
  • FIG. 2 shows a catenary riser in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 shows a catenary riser in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 shows a catenary riser in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 shows a catenary riser in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 shows a catenary riser in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the flexible riser When a flexible catenary riser is connected to a floating production storage and offloading vessel (“vessel”), the flexible riser may suffer from high axial compression and violations of minimum bend radius due to a high curvature of a catenary at the touch-down zone, the point where the pipe touches down on the seabed. The violations may be made worse due to dynamic bending wave patterns that are formed in response to current flow and fluid dynamics at depth.
  • ballast may be applied to the riser near the point of touch-down (at the point of sag bend) or to a portion of the riser close to the seabed.
  • the ballast may provide weight and may prevent the dynamic bending wave patterns from forming or may minimize the effects of the dynamic bending wave patterns on the flexible catenary riser.
  • distributions of ballast may be strategically positioned in the sag bend area of the flexible catenary riser to create bending waves during extreme response dynamics.
  • the dynamic bending wave patterns formed in the flexible catenary riser may be controlled and/or minimized due to the distributed ballast.
  • Distributed ballast may significantly change the nature of the dynamic response of the flexible catenary riser to fluid dynamics at depth.
  • the distributed ballast may cause dynamic bending waves to occur at specified locations and at pre-planned wavelengths. Accordingly, the dynamic bending wave patterns may be controlled and maintained within operable conditions for the flexible catenary riser.
  • the wave pattern provided by the distributed ballast may minimize axial compression forces that the flexible pipe structure experiences.
  • the wave amplitude will increase. In other words, preferential buckling of the pipe in the direction of the wave will occur, rather than the compressive axial force causing compressive stresses in the pipe wall.
  • the amplitude of the bending waves may be controlled by the relative magnitudes of ballast as distributed along the sag bend of the flexible catenary riser. Further, the bending waves may be controlled by the positional distribution of the ballast along the riser. Accordingly, the weight, the length of individual ballast segments, and the length of pipe covered by the distributed ballast may be controlled.
  • the ballast may be distributed in half-wave segments such that a length of ballast (half-wave) is positioned on the riser for a distance followed by a length of riser (half-wave) with no ballast (bare pipe).
  • a half-wave configuration may be repeated with the same or different weights and/or lengths of ballast in the wave pattern along the riser at the point of the sag bend.
  • the length of the wave pattern is uniform and each half-wave segment is of uniform length.
  • the weight therefore, may be distributed in half-wave segments of a pre-planned wavelength.
  • Lightweight flexible pipe as used herein may be composite flexible pipe as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,491,779.
  • the flexible pipe may be entirely non-metallic or may be substantially non-metallic.
  • the flexible pipe may be of standard annulus construction and configuration.
  • the flexible pipe may be of bonded or unbonded construction, as described in ISO 13628-2/API 17J or ISO 13628-10/API 17K, or it may be a composite riser as described in DNV-RP-F202 or it may be a thermoplastic composite riser as described in Airborne Composites white paper entitled “Thermoplastic Composite Riser.”
  • the flexible pipe may include an internal pressure sheath to convey fluids, surrounded by layers of composite reinforcements and an outer sheath.
  • the pipe may be vented at a topside (or vessel mounted) end fitting because permeated gas may build up in the annulus between the internal pressure sheath and the outer sheath.
  • dynamic riser analysis (or modeling) may be used to determine an optimum distribution of ballast.
  • the dynamic riser analysis may pre-determine the spacing, length of segments of ballast, weight of ballast, length of wave pattern, number of segments, and/or any other variables of ballast distribution prior to installation on a pipe. Accordingly, an optimum configuration may be pre-planned for any particular application of ballast in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the dynamic riser analysis may account for extreme conditions at a particular location or proposed location. For example, a hundred-year environment may be determined, accounting for a hundred-year wave and a ten-year current.
  • the dynamic riser analysis may also account for a near or far off-set. The off-set is the lateral distance from the mean position of the riser-top connection point at the vessel. Accordingly, the riser design and ballast distribution may be optimized for a particular maximum environmental condition, thereby anticipating loads that may be applied to the riser during installation and/or operation.
  • FIG. 1 a side elevation schematic of catenary risers is shown.
  • a vessel 100 (a ship, platform, or any other riser support structure) is shown with two catenary risers.
  • a first riser 101 may be a conventional pipe or umbilical made of steel and is non-buoyant, thereby forming a catenary when suspended from vessel 100 .
  • a second riser 102 may be a lightweight flexible pipe, as described above, and may be buoyant when suspended as a catenary riser in seawater.
  • the catenary shape of the second riser 102 may not properly form due to the buoyancy of the flexible pipe.
  • Weight may be added to the flexible pipe to provide tension within the pipe and thereby provide stabilization in dynamic situations as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,073,978.
  • weight may be added in a pre-determined wave pattern along the flexible pipe near the seabed. At the point of the pipe where the catenary may be formed, the sag bend, weights may be provided to add tension to the pipe and provide stability, as discussed above.
  • a lightweight flexible pipe having distributed ballast is shown in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein.
  • a lightweight flexible pipe 202 may be suspended from a vessel 200 to the seabed.
  • Ballast segments 220 , 221 , 222 , 223 , and 224 may be distributed on the pipe 202 in a wave pattern, where each ballast segment corresponds to a half-wave length.
  • Each of the ballast segments 220 , 221 , 222 , 223 , and 224 may be of a different weight and/or length, as pre-determined by dynamic riser analysis and/or other means known in the art.
  • the ballast segments 220 , 221 , 222 , 223 , and 224 are separated by segments of bare pipe at the sag bend, thereby forming the wave pattern of the ballast distribution.
  • the bare pipe sections may have curvature due to the buoyancy of the pipe, and the sections of pipe with ballast may allow for a controlled curvature at the sag bend.
  • the ballast segments 220 , 221 , 222 , 223 , and 224 are distributed in five half-wave segments. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that there may be more or fewer half-wave segments of ballast. Further, the segments of ballast may be uniformly distributed and may be of uniform length. Moreover, the segments of ballast may be of uniform weight or may be of varying and/or different weight. The length, weight, and/or number of the ballast segments may be determined by dynamic riser analysis, as discussed above.
  • FIG. 2 shows the buoyant pipe rising between the half-wave segments of ballast.
  • a pre-determined distribution of ballast may be configured to prevent the buoyant pipe from creating the wave-like shape shown in FIG. 2 .
  • a pipe 302 may be suspended from a vessel 300 and may be equipped with sufficient ballast such that a smooth catenary may be formed.
  • a distribution of ballast segments 320 , 321 , 322 , 323 , and 324 may be provided to form the smooth catenary.
  • the weight of each segment of ballast may be varied such that a desired shape of the catenary may be formed.
  • a pipe 402 may be suspended from a vessel 400 and may be weighted with ballast segments 420 .
  • the weight of each segment of the ballast segments 420 may be varied to form a desired catenary shape.
  • the ballast distribution may be created from a series of smaller ballast segments.
  • the ballast may be formed from larger ballast segments in which a single ballast segment forms the entire half-wave section.
  • a dotted line 403 is shown as representing an unweighted pipe.
  • the unweighted pipe 403 may be affected by the buoyancy of the pipe and/or by currents in the water thereby negatively affected a desired catenary.
  • a Solid line 402 the pipe 402 , represents the weighted pipe, with the addition of ballast segments 420 . As shown, the pipe 402 may be weighted down with the ballast segments 420 to achieve a desired catenary shape and/or to minimize the affect of currents in the water.
  • Pipe 502 may be suspended subsea from a vessel (not shown) to form a catenary near a seabed and may be a flexible composite pipe. Ballast weight may be distributed on the surface of the pipe 502 to form a desired catenary, as may be predetermined by dynamic riser analysis. As shown, four half-waves of ballast are configured to produce a desired catenary shape. Wavelengths 510 , 511 , 512 , and 513 of pipe 502 may each be a wave of a predetermined wavelength. Accordingly, wavelengths 510 , 511 , 512 , and 513 of pipe 502 may each be of a uniform length and may represent a wavelength (or wave) of weighted pipe.
  • Each of the wavelengths 510 , 511 , 512 , and 513 of pipe 502 may include a half-wave (or half wavelength) of ballast 520 , 521 , 522 , and 523 , respectively. Further, each of the segments 510 , 511 , 512 , and 513 of pipe 502 may include a respective half-wave (or half wavelength) of bare pipe 530 , 531 , 532 , and 533 , respectively, that may correspond to half-waves of ballast 520 , 521 , 522 , and 523 . As noted above, although four waves of ballast-bare pipe (wavelengths) are shown, those skilled in the art will appreciate that more or fewer wavelengths may be provided to achieve a desired catenary shape, depending on the environmental and/or operational parameters present.
  • ballast may be distributed along a pipe in a wave pattern with half-waves of ballast and half-waves of bare pipe to form a catenary shape near a seabed.
  • half-waves of ballast 520 , 521 , 522 , and 523 may alternate with half-waves of bare pipe 530 , 531 , 532 , and 533 , respectively, thereby forming wavelengths of weighted pipe.
  • Each half-wave of bare pipe may be of uniform length and of uniform weight, as each section of bare pipe may not have any additional weight added thereto.
  • Each half-wave of ballast may be of uniform length, but, in contrast to the bare pipe sections, may be of varying weight. The varying weight may enable proper fluid dynamic response in environmental conditions, thereby forming a stable catenary shape near the touch-down zone.
  • a pipe 602 may be suspended from a vessel 600 and may have ballast and/or buoyancy attached thereto. As shown in FIG. 6 , the pipe 602 may have one or more sections of ballast 640 attached thereto. Further, the pipe 602 may have one or more sections of buoyancy modules 650 attached thereto. Accordingly, a desired catenary shape may be formed by distributing combinations of both weighted ballast and buoyancy modules. As such, the dynamic wave forms of the pipe 602 may be configured to best suit a particular environment.
  • the sections of ballast 640 and sections of buoyancy modules 650 may be distributed in a wave pattern as discussed above.
  • the sections 640 and 650 may each be half-wave sections with half-wave sections of bare pipe between adjacent sections of ballast and/or buoyancy modules.
  • bending waves and fluid dynamics that may adversely affect a subsea catenary may be controlled, prevented, and/or minimized by application of half-wave segments of ballast distributed on the subsea catenary. Accordingly, a low cost means of providing a subsea riser with lightweight flexible pipe may be provided.
  • deep sea risers may be provided with lightweight flexible pipe. Ballast distributions, as disclosed herein, may allow for an alternative to conventional pipe. Accordingly, installation of buoyancy on a conventional pipe may be avoided and a simple and reliable catenary may be provided, thereby allowing for lower installed cost of the riser.
  • the riser may not necessarily be a lightweight flexible pipe.
  • the pipe may be a steel armored unbonded flexible pipe as described in ISO 13628-2/API Specification 17J.
  • installation of alternating ballast and buoyancy may be applied to the pipe to achieve either half waves or full waves in the ballast/buoyancy region.
  • buoyancy modules may be applied to the lightweight flexible pipe to achieve partial waves that are less than half waves, to achieve full waves, or to increase the amplitude of the waves.
  • the wave configuration may be optimized through optimization of the spacing of the ballast and/or buoyancy, which may form non-uniform spacing, creating lumping or grouping of ballast and/or buoyancy modules.
  • continuous mass sections may be distributed along the riser so as to minimize or eliminate pipe wall compression near the touch-down point.
  • uniformly distributed ballast may provide on-bottom stability to the catenary. Additionally, near and far off-sets may be accommodated with flexible pipe and distributed ballast, as disclosed herein.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
US13/392,397 2009-08-26 2010-08-20 Flexible catenary riser having distributed sag bend ballast Abandoned US20120160510A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/392,397 US20120160510A1 (en) 2009-08-26 2010-08-20 Flexible catenary riser having distributed sag bend ballast

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US23723109P 2009-08-26 2009-08-26
US13/392,397 US20120160510A1 (en) 2009-08-26 2010-08-20 Flexible catenary riser having distributed sag bend ballast
PCT/US2010/046053 WO2011028432A2 (fr) 2009-08-26 2010-08-20 Riser caténaire souple présentant un ballast distribué sur un point bas

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US20120160510A1 true US20120160510A1 (en) 2012-06-28

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US (1) US20120160510A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2470745A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102482922B (fr)
AU (1) AU2010289935B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR112012004118A2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011028432A2 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110162748A1 (en) * 2008-07-29 2011-07-07 Henri Morand Flexible riser installation for carrying hydrocarbons used at great depths
US20140041879A1 (en) * 2011-04-18 2014-02-13 Magma Global Limited Composite Component Deployment Configurations
US20140326461A1 (en) * 2011-11-29 2014-11-06 Wellstream International Limited Buoyancy compensating element and method
US9334695B2 (en) 2011-04-18 2016-05-10 Magma Global Limited Hybrid riser system
US9708864B2 (en) * 2014-12-22 2017-07-18 Ge Oil & Gas Uk Limited Riser assembly and method of forming a riser assembly
CN111971501A (zh) * 2018-01-26 2020-11-20 马来西亚国家石油公司 管道组件和安装方法

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FR2973064B1 (fr) * 2011-03-23 2013-03-29 Technip France Methode d'installation assistee d'une colonne sous-marine montante
CN102269296B (zh) * 2011-05-26 2013-04-24 中国海洋石油总公司 海底管道穿越浮式生产储油装置系统铺设工艺
GB2492414B (en) * 2011-07-01 2013-07-03 Subsea 7 Norway Nuf Initiation of lightweight flexible pipelines and umbilicals
MY171946A (en) * 2011-10-27 2019-11-08 Wellstream Int Ltd Riser assembly and method of providing riser assembly
US20150144350A1 (en) * 2012-05-08 2015-05-28 Ge Oil & Gas Uk Limited Riser assembly and method
CN108050301B (zh) * 2017-11-01 2019-08-16 中交第四航务工程局有限公司 一种大直径超长hdpe管道水下沉放方法
CN109506701B (zh) * 2018-11-27 2023-10-27 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 一种全海深水下机器人浮力状态测量与标定装置及其方法
CN110826277B (zh) * 2019-11-06 2022-10-28 中国石油大学(华东) 一种预测柔性或钢制悬链线型立管与海床土体相互作用所形成海沟长度与位置的计算方法
GB2619951A (en) 2022-06-22 2023-12-27 Subsea 7 Do Brasil Servicos Ltda Improving fatigue resistance of steel catenary risers
GB2619950A (en) 2022-06-22 2023-12-27 Subsea 7 Do Brasil Servicos Ltda Improving fatigue resistance of steel catenary risers

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US4075862A (en) * 1976-09-15 1978-02-28 Fmc Corporation Method and apparatus for installing underwater flowlines
US4941776A (en) * 1987-09-10 1990-07-17 Seamet International Catenary anchorage line for a floating vehicle and device and method for using this anchorage line
US5505560A (en) * 1993-10-26 1996-04-09 Offshore Energie Development Corporation (Oecd) Fluid transfer system for an offshore moored floating unit
US5615977A (en) * 1993-09-07 1997-04-01 Continental Emsco Company Flexible/rigid riser system
US6030145A (en) * 1997-12-10 2000-02-29 Lucent Technologies Inc. Articulated underwater cable riser system
US20040077234A1 (en) * 2001-01-24 2004-04-22 Philippe Lavagna Wave motion absorbing offloading system
US7073978B2 (en) * 2004-08-16 2006-07-11 Deepflex, Inc. Lightweight catenary system
US20060159521A1 (en) * 2005-01-07 2006-07-20 Streiff Jean L Shallow water riser configuration
WO2010030160A1 (fr) * 2008-09-09 2010-03-18 Misc Berhad Système de transfert de conduite fond marin-surface en mer

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NO310890B1 (no) * 1997-04-29 2001-09-10 Kvaerner Oilfield Prod As Dynamisk kontrollkabel til bruk mellom en flytende struktur og et koplingspunkt på havbunnen
GB2380747B (en) * 2001-10-10 2005-12-21 Rockwater Ltd A riser and method of installing same
WO2006073931A2 (fr) * 2005-01-03 2006-07-13 Seahorse Equipment Corporation Suppression du mouvement dynamique d'une ligne a catenaire
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US3295489A (en) * 1964-06-20 1967-01-03 Bossa Eduardo Plastic compound catenary for anchorage and pipeline and/or cable support in any sea zone and depth
US4075862A (en) * 1976-09-15 1978-02-28 Fmc Corporation Method and apparatus for installing underwater flowlines
US4941776A (en) * 1987-09-10 1990-07-17 Seamet International Catenary anchorage line for a floating vehicle and device and method for using this anchorage line
US5615977A (en) * 1993-09-07 1997-04-01 Continental Emsco Company Flexible/rigid riser system
US5505560A (en) * 1993-10-26 1996-04-09 Offshore Energie Development Corporation (Oecd) Fluid transfer system for an offshore moored floating unit
US6030145A (en) * 1997-12-10 2000-02-29 Lucent Technologies Inc. Articulated underwater cable riser system
US20040077234A1 (en) * 2001-01-24 2004-04-22 Philippe Lavagna Wave motion absorbing offloading system
US7073978B2 (en) * 2004-08-16 2006-07-11 Deepflex, Inc. Lightweight catenary system
US20060159521A1 (en) * 2005-01-07 2006-07-20 Streiff Jean L Shallow water riser configuration
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WO2010030160A1 (fr) * 2008-09-09 2010-03-18 Misc Berhad Système de transfert de conduite fond marin-surface en mer

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110162748A1 (en) * 2008-07-29 2011-07-07 Henri Morand Flexible riser installation for carrying hydrocarbons used at great depths
US20140041879A1 (en) * 2011-04-18 2014-02-13 Magma Global Limited Composite Component Deployment Configurations
US9334695B2 (en) 2011-04-18 2016-05-10 Magma Global Limited Hybrid riser system
US9777539B2 (en) * 2011-04-18 2017-10-03 Magma Global Limited Composite component deployment configurations
US20140326461A1 (en) * 2011-11-29 2014-11-06 Wellstream International Limited Buoyancy compensating element and method
US9353579B2 (en) * 2011-11-29 2016-05-31 Ge Oil & Gas Uk Limited Buoyancy compensating element and method
US9708864B2 (en) * 2014-12-22 2017-07-18 Ge Oil & Gas Uk Limited Riser assembly and method of forming a riser assembly
CN111971501A (zh) * 2018-01-26 2020-11-20 马来西亚国家石油公司 管道组件和安装方法
US11988303B2 (en) * 2018-01-26 2024-05-21 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (Petronas) Pipeline assembly and method of installation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2011028432A3 (fr) 2011-05-19
CN102482922B (zh) 2014-10-29
BR112012004118A2 (pt) 2016-03-15
AU2010289935B2 (en) 2014-07-31
AU2010289935A1 (en) 2012-03-08
CN102482922A (zh) 2012-05-30
EP2470745A2 (fr) 2012-07-04
WO2011028432A2 (fr) 2011-03-10

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AS Assignment

Owner name: DEEPFLEX INC., TEXAS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BHAT, SHANKAR;SHARMA, KARTIK;KALMAN, MARK;SIGNING DATES FROM 20100816 TO 20100818;REEL/FRAME:027772/0004

AS Assignment

Owner name: COMERICA BANK, CALIFORNIA

Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:DEEPFLEX, INC.;REEL/FRAME:028715/0022

Effective date: 20120731

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION