US20120054624A1 - Systems and methods for a multi-tenant system providing virtual data centers in a cloud configuration - Google Patents

Systems and methods for a multi-tenant system providing virtual data centers in a cloud configuration Download PDF

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US20120054624A1
US20120054624A1 US12/870,594 US87059410A US2012054624A1 US 20120054624 A1 US20120054624 A1 US 20120054624A1 US 87059410 A US87059410 A US 87059410A US 2012054624 A1 US2012054624 A1 US 2012054624A1
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data
vpdc
cloud
service
network
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Kenneth Robert OWENS, JR.
Bryan Samuel DOERR
John Chi Yung
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Savvis Inc
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Savvis Inc
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Priority to US12/870,594 priority Critical patent/US20120054624A1/en
Assigned to SAVVIS, INC. reassignment SAVVIS, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: Doerr, Bryan Samuel, OWENS, KENNETH ROBERT, JR., YUNG, JOHN CHI
Priority to EP11177590.4A priority patent/EP2423813A3/en
Priority to SG2011060001A priority patent/SG178692A1/en
Priority to JP2011184467A priority patent/JP2012084129A/ja
Publication of US20120054624A1 publication Critical patent/US20120054624A1/en
Priority to US13/875,644 priority patent/US9059933B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/22—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks comprising specially adapted graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
    • G06F9/50—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU]
    • G06F9/5061—Partitioning or combining of resources
    • G06F9/5072—Grid computing

Definitions

  • Virtual Computing environments may include a virtual component for nearly every conceivable physical component.
  • Virtual disks, virtual processors, virtual LANS, etc. All of these virtual elements may be run on large physical counterparts, capable of efficiently and cost-effectively serving multiple virtual version (e.g., multiple virtual machines may run on a single large server).
  • the equipment By servicing multiple customers, not only is the equipment more cost-effective (e.g., as compared to each customer purchasing smaller machines individually), but the total resources needed is reduced.
  • a shared system may need only prepare for the aggregate peak, which may be smaller by mismatches between peak usage. For example, time differences, demographic differences, product release timing, and any number of other things may allow one customer's peak to align with other customers' lulls, providing less variance in usage rates.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates a network of physical data centers as cloud sites, according to one example embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1B illustrates an organizational structure of cloud site components, according to one example embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a Virtual Private Data Center structure, according to one example embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example method, according to one example embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a modularized Virtual Private Data Center (VPDC) structure within a cloud of various Physical Data Centers (PDC) for providing data services to a plurality of distinct customers.
  • VPDC Virtual Private Data Center
  • PDC Physical Data Centers
  • cloud computing may carry various meanings in the industry, but example embodiments of the present invention relate to two key aspects of the cloud arrangement. First, abstracting as much of the technical details away from the end user and into the backend structure. Second, allowing those abstracted technical details to be implemented in any number of physical locations, e.g., seamlessly moving from PDC to PDC.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates one example embodiment of a cloud-based virtual datacenter network.
  • Each cloud site e.g., 110 a to 110 g
  • each cloud site may have a different set of hardware, but each set may be configurable to provide a standard set of resources as a provisioned VPDC.
  • Hardware may include servers, routers, firewalls, SANs, and any number of other hardware devices.
  • Each site may have a different quantity of provisional resources (e.g., 110 d ), but may provide at least one foundation point of deployment (e.g., as discussed below) with sufficient resources to provision at least on standardized VPDC.
  • Each cloud site may include a site manager 110 , which may include the hardware and software to provision, monitor, and maintain the various VPDCs located within the cloud site.
  • the site manager may reside on an independent server, or may be incorporated into the servers used to provision VPDCs.
  • the site manager 110 may also be responsive for facilitating the moving of VPDCs from one cloud site to another. Should a site fail, or become overused, VPDCs may migrate to entirely different sites. By fixing the structure of the VPDCs abstractly, all of the configuration and service data may be transferred to another site, and repositioned at the new site (on identical hardware or different hardware).
  • Each VPDC may be provisioned according to a service level with customizable options. Each manager may provision certain resources to meet the specifications of the provisioning requirements, and control access to the VPDC for an assigned user.
  • Cloud sites are multi-tenant sites. Only one user-entity (e.g., a single person, a single company, a single association, a group of related entities) may be assigned to a VPDC, in a similar fashion as a physical PDC that is assigned to only one user-entity (e.g., a university). Each cloud site may then have a plurality of VPDCs provisioned within one or more foundation PODs. A single user-entity may have multiple VPDCs assigned to them. While additional resources may be provisioned within a customer's single VPDC, some customers may require multiple VPDCs.
  • the cloud site contains various resources, such as compute, storage, network, etc., which may be provisioned according to specifications provided to the site manager 110 , and the foundation POD services (discussed below).
  • Example cloud sites may include one or more Foundation PODs to comprise the Physical Data Center 140 . These embodiments of the present invention provide “PODs,” points of deployment, for use in tenant provisioning of VPDCs.
  • the Foundation PODs may include a plurality of Service PODs, which may include data structures that store configuration data for each service type provided by the cloud representing all levels of available for use in a VPDC.
  • FIG. 1B may illustrate one of the PDCs, which may be organized into several Points of Deployment (PODs).
  • Each Foundation POD may include several Service PODs, while each Virtual Data Center (VDC) may include several Compute PODs.
  • the VDC may include (e.g., via the several Compute PODs) the resources that may be provisioned for a customer, such as servers and processor throughput, data drives and databases, network links and bandwidth, etc.
  • the Foundation POD may contain Management, Network, Storage, and Virtual Services PODs which may provide the VDCs with all the services required to provide network connectivity 280 , redirection 211 , outside firewall 220 , tier connectivity to the SAN 215 , performance metrics 240 , and availability metrics 245 .
  • the VDC may consist of all the Compute PODs which may provide the services required for application deployment, e.g., 210 , 230 , 235 , 221 , and 222 .
  • These structures may comprise the raw material for the provisioning of a customer's Virtual Private Data Center (VPDC).
  • VPDC Virtual Private Data Center
  • One or more VPDCs may then be carved out within the VDC to capture all the configuration and management details required within the Compute, Management, Network, Storage, and Virtual Services environments of the Cloud site tied to a single customers cloud environment.
  • Each cloud site e.g., PDC
  • Each cloud site may have different resources, but those resources may be configured to provide one or more standardized Foundation PODs (e.g., FIG. 1B ), with may be used to partition out one or more VPDCs.
  • the compute PODs may include of the VDC's compute environments and may include components such as clusters of ESX hosts and Storage Area Networks (SANs) for ESX host storage.
  • the compute PODs may include local networking, such as one or more Top of Rack Switches. While there may be several levels of security, the compute PODs may include a server level firewall and file integrity monitoring services. From these resources, customers may be provisioned VMs with network, storage, and security rules from the ESX Hosts within a cluster.
  • the network POD may consist of core network connectivity functions, including the management and provisioning of connectivity to the compute PODs, to a Management Network, and to an outside, public network, e.g. the Internet.
  • the Management Services POD may consist of all the managers for the different system elements and for the VPDC management servers (e.g., those that manage the compute, storage, security, and network resources).
  • the virtual services POD may perform such tasks as server load balancing and provide another tier of firewall security, such as a perimeter firewall service.
  • a customer may be provisioned one or move VPDCs, which will include a set of VMs, security policy, and a network policy.
  • the design may be modularly or discreetly contained, and thus may be able to move around within the VDC, Cloud Site, and between Cloud Sites with automated reconfiguration of services.
  • These services may be management and/or virtual (e.g., URL, DNS, and Server Load Balancing). Additionally, all the SLAs and historical data may be preserved with the VPDC as it migrates around.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a Virtual Private Data Center (VPDC) 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a VPDC 200 is a set of cloud resources (e.g., servers, firewalls, networking, storage, etc.) provisioned to support a virtual private data center of a single tenant.
  • the VPDC 200 may include security resources 220 , 221 , 222 ; computational resources 210 , 230 , 235 ; storage resources 215 , and networking resources, e.g., connections to network 280 .
  • Each of these resources may be provisioned by a tenant prior to deployment according to the tenant's selections of service level and options during a provisioning phase.
  • Security resources represent hardware and software firewalls, access control lists, hash checkers and file integrity monitoring systems, encrypters/decrypters, etc.
  • the physical firewalls may be shared by multiple tenants, and have virtual private firewalls allocated from that shared resource.
  • the cloud provider may manage resource allocation at both the physical and virtual level to ensure optimal performance for each customer, within their service level selections.
  • Computing resources represent servers, including processors, local memory, and I/O connections. Most of a client's transactional data may be stored in specialized high volume data drives, but the servers may include several levels of memory, including long-term memory, for storing configuration data used to provision virtual machines and other services related to computing resources.
  • the compute resource may represent the smallest unit of customer data. Each compute resource may be dedicated to a single customer or single VPDC, and individual computes may not be shared. The physical server may be carved up into these smaller compute resource units. These compute resources may then contain the customer's workloads. Each compute resource may have security, network, and storage resources allocated to it.
  • the VPDC may define a grouping construct that takes each compute resource (along with its security, network, and storage resources) and their configurations together to make up a compute grouping. All of these computes may be defined by XML data and managed as a group.
  • Storage resources represent storage for both configuration data (that which defines the virtual systems) and transactional data (data generated by the user).
  • Storage may include a number of persistent memory levels, including hard drives at the server level, solid state drives and caches, large drive arrays for low-latency network storage, slower drive arrays for less latency-critical storage, and long-terms archive and backup drives.
  • Networking resources represent routers, gateways, bridges, data-lines, switches, and hubs for organizing and facilitating network traffic within the cloud site. Some of these items may be used for the overall system, while others, or parts of others, may be provisioned to a specific VPDC.
  • Networking resources also represent connections to an outside network (e.g., the Internet and/or various private/semi-private networks). Connections to the outside may be measured in bandwidth or traffic throughput.
  • Network resources may include certain degrees of the overall bandwidth, certain data rate maximums, certain number of connections, or some combination of these. Additionally or alternatively, network resources may be defined by a priority, (e.g., a QoS priority level discussed further below).
  • the cloud may include a performance monitor 240 and availability monitor 245 . These may server two broad functions. First, they may be used to monitor the use (or overuse) of various resources by the cloud providers. Who may then use the data for strategic decisions, such as pricing, new resource planning, new client acceptance planning, etc. Further, the performance monitor and availability monitor, may together perform one or more load balancing functions, ensuring the best availability for each customer, according to their service level selections and current resource availability. Second, these monitors may be used in assisting customers make selections for their VPDCs, and determine how efficient/effective their current VPDCs are handing the loads placed on them. Customers may see how much latency their low service level VPDC is experiencing, including delays, denial of service, and request-to-result computation times, and decide is upgrading is a cost-effective option.
  • each of the VPDCs there may be a collection of Network, Security, Storage, and Compute configurations and processes. These collections are designed to support a multi-tenant deployment infrastructure in separate logical containers that support multiple levels of service per deployment.
  • the services may define, configure, provision, monitor, and/or control each of the resources discussed above. These definitions may be broken into several pre-defined service levels.
  • the multiple levels of service provide various levels of support for each of the service categories of the VPDC, e.g., Network SLAs, Security SLAs, and Storage SLAs Compute SLAs, QoS, and backup levels.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates one example embodiment of a VPDC.
  • Each VPDC may connect to a wide area network 280 , e.g., a public network such as the Internet, via a first external firewall 220 .
  • Security element 220 may include any number of other network security devices.
  • Further security 221 and 222 may separate the various compute tiers, such as the application compute tier 230 and the database compute tier 235 .
  • Each of the various compute tiers may interface with one or more storage area networks 215 .
  • the example system may include a performance monitor 240 that may indicate how the system is performing, how well the quality of service is being maintained, how long user latencies are, and how over or under worked the provisioned resources are.
  • a availability monitor 245 may monitor for downtime, failed connections, and/or any other system failures.
  • a VPDC may include a service profile to define one or more distinct service levels and/or qualities. Example embodiments may provide several separate and distinguishable service levels for selection by the various VPDCs.
  • the VPDC may provide the logical base container for a customer build, because the VPDC may consist of all the configuration and processes required to support the application deployment architecture of the customer, that is, the virtual system carved out of the physical resources for a particular user according to specified configuration data where the particular user's proprietary and/or shared applications are executed.
  • the VPDC may capture information about how various software architecture layers are connected together, the communication requirements between the layers, the security of the communication and data, and the storage lifecycle requirements along with any retention levels.
  • Each VPDC may be further defined by the Service Profile selected by the customer.
  • the ability to abstract various support, process, and configuration attributes from the overall application lifecycle process may be necessary to provide the multi-tenant multiple-QoS levels that the application-deployment lifecycle(s) require.
  • An example application deployment lifecycle may consist of development/Test, Quality Assurance, and Production.
  • the configuration of the VPDC from selecting the service tier to specific configuration of the actual application architecture is captured as meta-data in XML and enhanced through the middleware software level within the VPDC architecture.
  • the manifest is then sent to the VPDC engine to provision the VPDC into the infrastructure where specific Network, Security, Storage, and Compute aspects are provisioned and monitored for adherence to SLAs, support, process, and billing.
  • a key architectural aspect in providing a cloud based VPDC experience may include the concept of Service Profiles.
  • Example embodiments of the present invention are able to create separate distinguishable service levels and qualities, which may be accomplished by defining a minimum set of essential architectural components required to deploy a cloud computing infrastructure, and further define enhanced packages above the minimum. For example, three service levels may be provided, an essential service level, a balanced service level, and a premier service level.
  • the example attributes of three example service levels illustrated in table 1 could be any number of other configurations, attributes, or quality levels.
  • the examples for the security service type may be cumulative, such that port access control lists (ACLs) may be used in all three service tiers, while the balanced tier also includes a perimeter firewall and a server tier firewall. Likewise, these services may be provided at the premier service level with the added services of a file integrity checker and a web application firewall.
  • ACLs port access control lists
  • LUN logical unit number
  • the service tiers may be broken down by the number of Virtual Machine disks that are carved out of a single LUN.
  • Network service levels may follow industry standard Quality of Service (QoS) priority levels.
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • the essential service may provide only QoS priority 0, or a common “best effort” service level.
  • Priority 4 may include a controlled load, and may be most suitable for applications such as streaming media or multi-player gaming.
  • Priority 5 may include latency and jitter tolerances suitable for applications such as interactive video/audio (e.g., IP telephony).
  • Table 2 is written in XML and illustrates one example of an XML interface for automatically provisioning VPDCs based on service levels.
  • a Cloud OS may be provided to envelope and harmonize a plurality of individual pieces, some pre-existing, some new to this application.
  • the Cloud OS may provide all the business intelligence and process integration logic for the VPDC.
  • the root of the VPDC may include an XML based service catalog with meta-data that captures the business and process logic of the VPDC. This may be accomplished by developing a Service Catalog that enables VPDC service differentiation to be captured as XML metadata. Table 2 illustrates an example service catalog.
  • Each service profile (e.g., Enterprise, Balanced, and Essential) includes the same or similar attribute types, e.g., location, load balancer level, 1-to-1 Network Address Translation, VM machine specs, etc., while each of these vary in size and quality across the service profiles.
  • an XML design file may be constructed for the automatic provisioning of the VPDC.
  • Example embodiments of this portion of the Cloud OS are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/646,591, filed on Dec. 23, 2009, the entire contents of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference.
  • VPDCs may be provisioned via a portal manager constructed XML design file, similar to that described in the incorporated reference.
  • Portions of the design may be customizable within the service level selection (e.g., a “Balanced” service level may provide VMs with storage between 50 and 500 GB, leaving the user to select the desired level), while other portions may be fixed by the selection of the service level.
  • Options may also exist for automatic level selections of resources. For example, customers may pay some fractional amount for each GB of storage, with a minimum of 50 per VM and a maximum of 500, and have those GBs provisioned in real-time, based on usage rates of the customer.
  • each VPDC may be given its own set of network capabilities per service profile. For example, a VPDC that has the highest level of QoS SLA from the data center edge router all the way down to the 1 Gbps network for each Virtual Machine may be provided with a QoS level of 5.
  • the network QoS may be enhanced with private Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) network connectivity that provides end-to-end QoS across the network.
  • MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching
  • Most clouds are only accessible over the public Internet which offers no QoS beyond priority 0, best effort.
  • MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching
  • a MPLS connection may be made with the customer(s), which may allow for QoS levels as a service within VPDC provisioning.
  • SSL Secure Socket-Layer
  • VPN Virtual Private Network
  • GLB Global Load Balancing
  • SLB Server Load Balancing
  • Level 1 may primarily be a whatever capacity is left unused level of service, or may alternatively specify some minimal levels of service.
  • each VPDC profile may receive security from multiple levels of available security QoS. At the lowest end of service levels, it may be that only virtual firewalls and Access Control Lists (ACLs) are provided. At a higher level of service, the virtual Firewall may be enhanced for more flexibility, and additional features may be added, such as an intrusion detection alarm system (IDAS).
  • the highest level of security QoS may include a physical firewall, an Intrusion Protection System (IPS), a File Integrity Monitor, and one or more Web Application Firewall(s) (WAFs) may be provided.
  • IPS Intrusion Protection System
  • WAFs Web Application Firewall
  • the security profile design may also take into account that often, at the lowest level, the test/develop environment may be flat and typically require some basic perimeter firewall capability.
  • a requirement to support multiple tiers for example web, application, database or front-office/back-office application deployment methodologies may require the security profiles to enable public interface to the first tiers of services through a perimeter firewall.
  • the next level up may include a deep packet inspection capable firewall between the web application tier and the application tier, and between the application tier and the database tier (e.g., 221 and 222 of FIG. 2 ). This may require understanding the communication flows between each tier and layer. Such as specific application architecture and the latency requirements of certain applications and configurations. Communication flow information may also include which security ports to open for these inter-tier security elements, along with an identification of what zones each customer wants to isolate from other traffic.
  • one or more service levels may create a separate VLAN per tier. This may require inter-tier traffic to flow back to the core switch and thus get inspected by a firewall. To do this with separate hardware may add significant latency to customer traffic, and added stress on the overall network performance.
  • a single network domain may be established that is segmented into some number (e.g., 3) of port groups (e.g., a logical container for each tier). This may provide a tier segmentation without significant added latency.
  • a Server Tier firewall may then be defined to have a policy for each tier and provide a security boundary between each tiers.
  • each VPDC profile may include a level of data storage.
  • Information Lifecycle Management may enable data to waterfall down to lower-cost data stores as the data access on these files decreases.
  • ILM Information Lifecycle Management
  • the lowest level of service it may be that only one tier of ILM is available.
  • the highest level of service it may be that 3 tiers are available.
  • the Essential service profile there may be a single tier (e.g., tier-3 SATA storage).
  • the Balanced service profile may initially use a tier-2 storage that include 10 k rpm fibre channel drives, while less frequently used data may automatically migrate down to the tier-3 SATA storage system.
  • the Premier service profile may initially use a tier-1 storage including 15 k rpm fibre channel drives, while less frequently used data may automatically migrate down to the tier-2 storage, while even less frequently used data may automatically migrate down to the tier-3 storage.
  • each storage service level may provide a different level of back-up service and/or retention time.
  • the highest level of service may provide fault-tolerant back-up for 24 months, while the lowest level may provide generic (e.g., single copy) back-up for only 4 months.
  • Each profile may also define a compute QoS that includes operating system(s), applications, configurations, etc.
  • the compute profile may define how many Virtual Machines are available at any one time, and how much execution throughput is available to each or the set of VMs.
  • an automated provisioning method may begin.
  • the example method may start the provisioning process at 301 , which may load a manifest created based on the XML design file (or alternatively may load the XML design file itself to be used as the manifest), e.g., at 304 .
  • the example provisioning method may parse the manifest to pull all the variables specified in the manifest to be used by subsequent provisioning subroutines.
  • the actual provisioning subroutines may be called, but first, at 310 , the example method may call a save note function to save the initial state information. This may allow for a persistent context, which may be resumed or recovered from, in the event of a process failure.
  • the example method may next create the storage at 313 , which may include a multi-step process to create a volume, map it to the ESX hosts, and create a data store for the VPDC.
  • the network provisioning subroutine may be executed, which may include a multi-step process to check device connectivity, check if requested VLANs exist, provision the VLANs, and establish/provision the port-profiles.
  • the security provisioning subroutine may be executed, which may include a multi-step process to create security ACLS for one or more service levels (e.g., Essential VPDCs).
  • the security subroutine may provide ACE context, NAT, and perimeter firewall rules (e.g., for Balanced VPDCs).
  • an AD and DNS build subroutine may create OUs, groups, and users in a network directory service (e.g., Active Directory), along with creating a customer's domain name server zone.
  • the example method may create folders for the VPDC. This may be done with a number of tools/services, e.g., an Open Source Software (OSS) Web Service and vSphereTM.
  • the example method may build one or more Virtual Machines using a Build VMs subroutine to provision one or more Windows® and/or Linux virtual machines. The VM build(s) may be checked (serially or in parallel) by confirming each result of the global build outputs, or by performing one or more verifying calculations.
  • the example method may finalize the provisioning operations, e.g., by deleting install files no longer needed, emailing the customer that the VPDC is ready and providing usage information, and opening up the network for outside traffic to the VPDC.

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EP11177590.4A EP2423813A3 (en) 2010-08-27 2011-08-15 Systems and methods for a multi-tenant system providing virtual data centers in a cloud configuration
SG2011060001A SG178692A1 (en) 2010-08-27 2011-08-19 Systems and methods for a multi-tenant system providing virtual data centers in a cloud configuration
JP2011184467A JP2012084129A (ja) 2010-08-27 2011-08-26 クラウド構成で仮想データセンターを提供するマルチテナントシステムのためのシステムおよび方法
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