US20120037569A1

US20120037569A1 - System and method for mineral hardness management

Info

Publication number: US20120037569A1
Application number: US13/211,286
Authority: US
Inventors: David Morgan
Original assignee: Rayne Dealership Corp
Current assignee: Rayne Dealership Corp
Priority date: 2006-07-14
Filing date: 2011-08-16
Publication date: 2012-02-16
Also published as: US20080067131A1; US8017001B2

Abstract

A method of removing mineral hardness of water comprises selecting a mineral hardness solubility constant modifier capable of at least partially precipitating insoluble mineral hardness material from water containing mineral hardness. A pressurized flow of the water containing mineral hardness is generated. The mineral hardness solubility constant modifier is added to the pressurized flow of water containing mineral hardness to form water bearing precipitate mineral hardness. The water bearing precipitate mineral hardness is filtered to at least partially remove the precipitated insoluble mineral hardness material from the water bearing precipitate mineral hardness to form post-filtered water.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/778,265, filed Jul. 16, 2007, which claims priority to Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/807,369 filed Jul. 14, 2006, both of which are incorporated herein by reference and in their entireties.

BACKGROUND

Embodiments of the present invention relate to the chemical and mechanical removal of impurities from water.
Maintaining bodies of water where the water supply is mineral rich (i.e., “hard”) or bodies of water with frequent human contact, can be difficult. As for bodies of water containing “hard” water, minerals and/or mineral deposits may accumulate on the sides of the enclosure for the water over time. As these minerals accumulate, both mechanical and aesthetic problems generally occur. Conventional mechanisms for removing unwanted mineral deposits in water body enclosures may prove to be both difficult and expensive. These mechanisms include sand blasting and scrubbing with pumice stones. Most conventional techniques require partial, if not complete drainage of the body of water. Particularly in areas of the country where water scarcity and drought conditions exist, this can be an expensive, environmentally unfriendly, or legally restrictive task.
Swimming pools are bodies of water that often have high levels of human use. It is therefore imperative that swimming pool water be maintained with very low levels of bacteria and viruses in order to prevent the spread of diseases and pathogens among users. Strong oxidizing agents are often used, especially simple chlorine compounds such as sodium hypochlorite. Other disinfectants include bromine compounds and ozone generated on site by passing an electrical discharge through oxygen or air. Chlorine may be supplied in the form of sodium hypochlorite solution, powdered calcium hypochlorite (“cal hypo”), cyanurated chlorine compounds (so called “stabilized” chlorine), or by dissolving chlorine gas directly in water. Maintaining a safe concentration of disinfectant is important for assuring the safety and health of swimming pool users. When any of these pool chemicals are used, it is important to keep the pH of the pool in the range of about 7.2 to 7.6. Higher pH dramatically reduces the sanitizing power of the chlorine due to decreased oxidation reduction potential, while lower pH causes user discomfort, especially to the eyes.
Chlorine may be generated on site, such as in saltwater pools. This type of system generates chlorine by electrolysis of dissolved salt (NaCl) using an electrical cell in the pool plumbing, instead of manually dosing the pool with chlorinating chemicals. Chlorine generators avoid the need for constant handling of sanitizing chemicals, and can generate sanitizing power at a lower cost than the equivalent chemicals, but they have a large up-front cost for the apparatus and for the initial loading of the pool with salt. The salt content gives the pool water a brackish taste, but not as salty as seawater. Pool water that splashes and evaporates, such as on a pool deck, leaves a salt residue. Being closer to isotonic salinity than fresh water, saltwater pools have an easier feel on the eyes, and a touch typically characterized as “silky”, not unlike bath salts.
There is a need for alternative mechanisms for impurity maintenance of bodies of water for mechanical, aesthetic and hygiene purposes.

SUMMARY

A method of removing mineral hardness of water comprises selecting a mineral hardness solubility constant modifier capable of at least partially precipitating insoluble mineral hardness material from water containing mineral hardness. A pressurized flow of the water containing mineral hardness is generated. The mineral hardness solubility constant modifier is added to the pressurized flow of water containing mineral hardness to form water bearing precipitate mineral hardness. The water bearing precipitate mineral hardness is filtered to at least partially remove the precipitated insoluble mineral hardness material from the water bearing precipitate mineral hardness to form post-filtered water.
A filter system comprises a hopper capable of receiving a pressurized flow of water containing mineral hardness, the hopper having an output extending into the pressurized flow of the water to allow addition of a mineral hardness solubility constant modifier to the pressurized flow of the water to at least partially precipitate insoluble mineral hardness material to form a water bearing precipitate mineral hardness. A filter is connected to the hopper by piping to at least partially remove the precipitated insoluble mineral hardness material from the water bearing precipitate mineral hardness to form post-filtered water.

DRAWINGS

Representative elements, operational features, applications and/or advantages of the present invention reside inter alia in the details of construction and operation as more fully hereafter depicted, described or otherwise identified—reference being made to the accompanying drawings, images, figures, etc. forming a part hereof, wherein like numerals (if any) refer to like parts throughout. Other elements, operational features, applications and/or advantages will become apparent in light of certain exemplary embodiments recited in the disclosure herein.

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram flowchart of a chemical process in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of a filtration system in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 illustrates a float device in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of a circulation pump in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram of a process flow chart for a filtration system in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a three-quarter perspective of a mobile filtration system in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a three-quarter rear perspective of a mobile filtration system in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a three-quarter perspective of a mobile filtration system in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a front view of an eductor of a mobile filtration system in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic of piping of a mobile filtration system in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a rear view of a mobile filtration system in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a three-quarter perspective view of a circulation pump of a mobile filtration system in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an eductor of a mobile filtration system in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention.

It will be appreciated that elements in the figures, drawings, images, etc. are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn or otherwise depicted to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help improve understanding of various embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms ‘first’, ‘second’, and the like herein (if any) are used inter alia for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order. Moreover, the terms ‘front’, ‘back’, ‘top’, ‘bottom’, ‘over’, ‘under’, and the like in the disclosure and/or in the claims (if any) are generally employed for descriptive purposes and not necessarily for comprehensively describing exclusive relative position. The preceding terms so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that various embodiments of the invention described herein, for example, are capable of operation in other configurations and/or orientations than those explicitly illustrated or otherwise described.

DESCRIPTION

The following representative descriptions of the present invention generally relate to exemplary embodiments and the inventor's conception of the best mode, and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability or configuration of the invention in any way. Rather, the following description is intended to provide convenient illustrations for implementing various embodiments of the invention. As will become apparent, changes may be made in the function and/or arrangement of any of the elements described in the disclosed exemplary embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Various representative implementations of the present invention may be applied to any system for the chemical or mechanical removal of impurities from enclosed bodies of water. Certain representative implementations may include, for example, application of a lime softening technique to an enclosed body of water, the filtration of precipitated mineral hardness (or other particulate impurities) from an enclosed body of water, and the provision of a substantially unitary mobile unit for performing these steps.
A detailed description of an exemplary application, namely a method for maintaining mineral hardness balance of an enclosed body of water, is provided as a specific enabling disclosure that may be generalized to any application of the disclosed system and method for separation and filtration of any particulate material from an enclosed body of water in accordance with various representative embodiments of the present invention.
Impurities, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, may comprise any undesirable particulate material in a body of water. Common impurities generally include, for example: mineral hardness, lipids, proteins, bacteria, algae, organic material, inorganic material, and/or the like. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, the removal of impurities in an enclosed body of water may be performed via a lime softening technique in conjunction with utilization of a mobile filtration system. More particularly, impurities may be at least partially rendered as at least partially insoluble material that may be subsequently removed via filtration with a mobile treatment and filtration unit.
Lime softening is a technique involving manipulation of pH of a body of water in order for minerals and other impurities to at least partially precipitate so that these impurities may subsequently be removed through filtration, separation and/or the like. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, lime softening involves utilization of a solubility constant modifier to affect precipitation of, for example, mineral hardness material. In another representative embodiment of the present invention, lime softening may be implemented to bring mineral hardness of a body of water to below 200 parts per mill ion (ppm), 150 ppm and/or 100 ppm. In yet another representative embodiment of the present invention, lime softening may be implemented to bring mineral hardness of a body of water down to 10 ppm, and subsequently allowing the body of water to reach an equilibrium ppm that is at above 10 ppm but below about 200 ppm.
Referring now to FIG. 1, in a representative embodiment of the present invention, a lime softening technique 100 generally comprises utilization of a lime 110, sodium carbonate (also known as soda ash) 115, a polymer 120, and carbon dioxide 125. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, a base 105 may optionally added in bodies of water where water hardness concentrations may be about 2000 ppm or greater. The base 105, in accordance with the present invention, may comprise any suitable composition with the ability to accept protons, thereby increasing the pH of a solution upon addition to above about 9.6 and potentially to above approximately 11. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, a base may comprise sodium hydroxide. In another representative embodiment of the present invention, a base 105 may be added in conjunction with lime Ca(OH)₂ 110 and sodium carbonate 115.
In a representative embodiment of the present invention, lime 110 is added to precipitate carbonated minerals. In another representative embodiment of the present invention, a lime 110 and sodium carbonate 115 are added sequentially to an enclosed body of water. The time 110 may comprise a solid or powder form, and may be mixed with the sodium carbonate 115 and water sequentially or conjunctively with addition of lime 110 to a body of water.
It should be appreciated that sodium carbonate 115, in accordance with various Representative aspects of the present invention, may be delivered via any suitable mechanism. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, sodium carbonate 115 and lime 110 may be added sequentially with a base 105 to a body of water in order to raise the pH and/or to initiate coagulation and/or the like. In another representative embodiment of the present invention, sodium carbonate 115 may be added to precipitate non-carbonated minerals. In yet a further representative embodiment of the present invention, a polymer 120 may be added in conjunction and/or sequentially with sodium carbonate 115.
It should be appreciated that the polymer 120, in accordance with various representative aspects of the present invention, may comprise any suitable cationic polymer to assist with the flocculation and/or coagulation of non-carbonated minerals. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, the polymer 120 may comprise ATI40L (Anterra Group, Inc., Mission Viejo, Calif., USA). In another representative embodiment of the present invention, upon flocculation, insoluble particulate material will generally sink in an enclosed body of water, allowing for ease of removal through a submersible suction device in conjunction with a filtration system.
In accordance with various aspects of the present invention, upon removal of insoluble material from the water being treated, a pH neutralizer 125 may be added to restore neutrality. It should be appreciated that a pH neutralizer 125, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, may comprise any acid having a substantially high PKA value and/or the ability to donate protons substantially rapidly. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, the pH neutralizer may comprise hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and/or carbonic acid. In another representative embodiment of the present invention, the pH neutralizer 125 may comprise carbonic acid that may be produced in situ from the bubbling of carbon dioxide in water. As a particularly economical and safe acid, carbon dioxide may be easily (and safely) transported and utilized in conjunction with a lime softening technique and filtration system of the present invention.
In a representative embodiment of the present invention, the lime softening technique 100 may be implemented with virtually any enclosed body of water. In another representative embodiment of the present invention, the lime softening technique 100 may be applied to an enclosed body of water with the stoichiometry of the lime softening suitably adapted to take into account the dimensions of the enclosed body of water.
For example, in a representative embodiment of the present invention, a sample from an enclosed body of water is taken prior to treatment with the lime softening technique 100. A standard titration may be performed to determine the initial hardness of the water. Once the initial hardness is determined, bench tests may determine total hardness, bicarbonate alkalinity, total alkalinity, free carbon dioxide and/or the like.
In another representative embodiment of the present invention, a sample from an enclosed body of water may be treated with the lime softening technique 100 to determine the lime softening technique's 100 effectiveness on the body of water. For example, a 500 ml sample may be utilized for this determination with 0.4 g lime 110 added. Thereafter, 0.6 g of sodium carbonate 115 may be added to the sample and subsequently mixed with 1 ml of liquid polymer. The contents of the sample may then be left to coagulate. Once this occurs, a sample from the top of the mixture may be taken to determine if the hardness falls below 100 ppm, and if so, the ratios of the lime 110, sodium carbonate 115 and polymer 120 are scaled up by appropriate stoichiometric ratios for the entire enclosed body of water.
In another representative embodiment of the present invention, a lime softening technique 100 may be applied to a swimming pool comprising representative initial readings of: magnesium=32 mg/L as Mg; total hardness=345 mg/L as CaCO₃; bicarbonate alkalinity=156 mg/L as HCO₃—; total alkalinity=128 mg/L as CaCO₃; and carbon dioxide=5 mg/L as CO₂. In order to substantially maximize the effectiveness of the lime softening, a calculation of lime 110 and sodium carbonate 115 dosage should be performed. In order to determine this, all concentrations of initial readings may be converted to equivalent CaCO₃concentrations. This determination may be performed using equivalent weights as follows: Ca=20; Mg=12; HCO₃—=61; CO₂=22; and CaCO₃=50. Now, expressing all concentrations as CaCO₃concentrations, we have:
magnesium (32 mg/L) (50/12)=133.33 mg/L as CaCO₃;
total hardness (no conversion needed)=345 mg/L as CaCO₃;
Bicarbonate alkalinity (156 mg/L)(50/61)=127.87 mg/Las CaCO₃;
Total alkalinity (no conversion needed)=128 mg/L as CaCO₃; and
Carbon dioxide (5 mg/L)(50/22)=11.36 mg/L as CaCO₃;
Lime 110 dosage may be determined using the following equation:
Lime dosage=[CO₂]+[HCO₃—]+[Mg]+[excess desired]
In this representative case, the lime dosage needed corresponds to about 11.36 mg/L+128 mg/L+133.33 mg/L+0=(272.69 mg/L as CaCO₃) (28/50)=95.12 mg/L as CaO.
Sodium Carbonate 115 dosage may be determined using the following equation: Sodium Carbonate dosage=[total hardness]−[HCO₃—]+[excess]=345 mg/L-128 mg/L+0=(217 mg/L as CaCO₃)(28/50)=29.54 mg/L as Na₂CO₃.
It should be appreciated that in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, the lime softening process may be implemented in conjunction with a filtration system. Referring now to FIG. 2, a filtration system 200 comprises a filter 205, an intake 210, an output 215, and a pump 220. The filtration system 200 may be selected or otherwise suitably adapted to filter an enclosed body of water 225. The filtration system 200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, generally comprises a closed-loop system such that post-filtered water is returned to the enclosed body of water.
It should be appreciated that in accordance with the present invention, a filter 205 may comprise any suitable mechanism for separation of insoluble particles from a fluid. In a representative embodiment in accordance with the present invention, a filter 205 may comprise a demineralization device, such as, for example, a J-Press® (Siemens Water Technologies, Corp., Holland, Mich.) or any other filter device whether now known or otherwise hereafter described in the art, and/or the like.
It should be appreciated that in accordance with the present invention, a J-Press may be suitably configured to trap various insoluble materials as water runs through a series of filter plates. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, the filter plates of a J-Press generally comprise polypropylene plates. In another representative embodiment of the present invention, these plates are substantially parallel and are suitably configured to move along a rail, so as to enable separation of the plates and/or creation of space between the plates. In another representative embodiment of the present invention, the plates may be separated in order to remove accumulated insoluble material. In yet a further representative embodiment of the present invention, removal of insoluble material from the plates of filter 205 may be performed by scraping, picking, vibrating, shaking and/or the like.
Filter 205, in accordance with various representative aspects of the present invention, may be connected to intake 210 and output 215. It should be appreciated that intake 210 may comprise any device suitably configured or otherwise adapted to transfer fluids. For example, representative devices and/or device components may include a hose, a pipe, a tube and/or the like. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, intake 210 draws water from the body of water 225 to the filter 205. In another representative aspect of the present invention, intake 210 may be suitably adapted to draw water comprising insoluble materials from the body of water 225 to the filter 205.
It should further be appreciated in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, that intake 210 may connected, either directly or indirectly, to the filter 205. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, intake 210 may connected to the filter 205 indirectly, wherein intake 210 comprises a hose that is coupled to piping that is configured to transfer (or otherwise communicate) water from intake 210 to the filter 205. In another representative embodiment of the present invention, the hose and/or piping may be implemented in conjunction with clear pieces of piping to visually assist with monitoring the movement of various chemicals of the lime softening technique 100, of insoluble particulate material and/or water. In yet another representative embodiment of the present invention, the clear plastic piping may be implemented at or near junctions between hoses and/or pipes.
It should be appreciated that in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, output 215 may comprise any device suitably configured to communicate fluids. Representative devices and/or device components may include a hose, a pipe, a tube and/or the like. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, output 215 communicates water from the filter 205 to the body of water 225. In another representative embodiment of the present invention, output 215 may be suitably adapted to return water substantially free of insoluble materials from the filter 205 to the body of water 225.
It should further be appreciated, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, that output 215 may be connected, either directly or indirectly, to the filter 205. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, output 215 may be connected to the filter 205 indirectly, wherein output 215 may comprise a hose that is coupled to piping, which transfers (or otherwise communicates) water from the filter 205 to the body of water.
It should be appreciated that in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, that output 215 may suitably configured to introduce lime 110, sodium carbonate 115 and/or polymer 120 to the body of water. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, output 215 may be suitably configured to communicate these chemicals sequentially or simultaneously. In another representative embodiment of the present invention, one or more valves may be present to regulate movement of various chemicals through output 215.
In another representative embodiment of the present invention, output 215 may be suitably configured to transfer a pH neutralizer 125, such as carbon dioxide 125, to the body of water 225 after and/or in conjunction with return of substantially post-filtered water.
It should be appreciated that in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, pump 220 may comprise any suitable mechanism for generating power to enable movement of water through the filtration system 200. In a representative aspect of the present invention, pump 220 may comprise a positive displacement pump, such that the pump does not need to be primed prior to use. In another representative embodiment of the present invention, pump 220 may comprise a double diaphragm positive displacement pump. In yet a further representative embodiment of the present invention, pump 220 may be powered by operation of an automotive engine, such as through a shaft which drives an air compressor, thereby substantially providing a flow of relatively high cubic feet per second with high demand availability and rapid duty cycle. In yet a further representative embodiment of the present invention, pump 220 may comprise a rotary screw air compressor, which may be rated up to 200 csm at 150 p.s.i., and does not generally require a reservoir.
It should be appreciated that in a representative embodiment of the present invention, a pulse dampener may be optionally implemented in conjunction with pump 220. For example, referring now to FIG. 11, pulse dampener 1105 may be connected to pump 220 via connector 110, and may be suitably adapted to receive water from pump 220 and/or reduce any “water hammer effect” and/or even out the flow of water from pump 220. The pulse dampener 1105 may comprise, for example, a Sentury pulsation dampener (BLACOH FLUID CONTROL, Riverside Calif., USA).
It should be appreciated in accordance with the present invention that various accessories may be implemented in conjunction with the filtration system 200 including: baffles, circulation pumps, submersible suction devices and/or the like. It should be appreciated that baffles, in accordance with representative embodiments of the present invention, may be optionally implemented to assist in delivery of various chemicals of the lime softening technique 100 to the body of water and/or assist in delivery of post-filtered water back to the body of water. The baffle may comprise any suitable mechanism for resisting submersion and at least partially providing a platform and/or eductor for delivery of the base 105, lime 110, sodium carbonate 115 and/or polymer 120.
Referring now to FIG. 3, baffle 300 may comprise a bin 305 with foam edging 310 for flotation. Baffle 300 may be connected to output 215. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, baffle 300 may be connected to output 215 via hose 315 and PVC piping 320. The hose may be suitably configured to deliver base 105, lime 110, sodium carbonate 115 and/or polymer 120 to baffle 300. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, PVC piping 320 may comprise an expanded Y-shape having a plurality of openings to substantially uniformly distribute the chemicals in combination with water to baffle 300.
In another representative embodiment of the present invention, baffle 300 may be connected to output 215 and may be suitably adapted to deliver post-filtered water back to the body of water in such a way as not to disturb the particulate material to be removed at and/or near the bottom of the body of water. In another representative embodiment of the present invention, baffle 300 may be implemented to at least partially diffuse high velocity water coming from output 215. In yet another representative embodiment of the present invention, the baffle may comprise a split-flow regulator so as to assist in diffusion of high velocity water flow from output 215.
A circulation pump, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, may be optionally implemented in conjunction with the filtration system 200 to assist in circulation and/or agitation of the body of water throughout treatment with the lime softening technique 100. Circulation of the body of water generally assists with uniform distribution of the chemicals of the lime softening technique 100, as well as substantially uniform flocculation and/or coagulation.
Referring now to FIG. 4, circulation pump 400 may be placed near the edge of an enclosed body of water, such as a swimming pool. Circulation pump 400 may comprise a circulation intake 405 and a circulation output 410 for the circulation of water. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, intake 405 may be at least partially submerged. In another representative embodiment of the present invention, intake 405 may be weighted so that it substantially remains at or near the bottom of the body of water (e.g., a pool). This may be a particularly effective way to ensure that circulation from the bottom to the top of the pool occurs. In another representative embodiment of the present invention, circulation output 410 of the circulation pump 400 may not be submerged, but may be alternatively placed above the pool, so as to dissipate water drawn by the circulation intake 405 from the bottom of the pool to the top of the pool.
It should be appreciated that in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, a dispersal manifold may be optionally implemented in conjunction with and/or at least partially integrated into circulation pump 400. For example, referring now to FIG. 12, dispersal manifold 1205 may be connected to output 215 and may be suitably configured to distribute chemicals of the lime softening technique 100 to the body of water. Dispersal manifold 1205 may comprise a t-shaped pipe, wherein one end of the pipe may be connected to circulation output 410, another end may be connected to output 215, and yet another end may be suitably configured to disperse fluid. The fourth end of dispersal manifold 1205 may be closed. In yet another representative embodiment of the present invention, a t-shaped dispersal manifold allows for flexibility and connective alternatives for various outputs and dispersal components, depending on how the circulation pump 400 is positioned in relation to the body of water.
It should be appreciated that in accordance with the present invention, submersible suction devices may be optionally implemented to assist in removal of insoluble particulate material from the enclosed body of water. Representative submersible suction devices may include pool vacuums, pool vacuum cleaners, robotic pool vacuum cleaners, and/or the like.
It should be appreciated that in accordance with various representative aspects of the present invention, filtration system 200 may be implemented to clean various enclosed bodies of water. Referring now to FIG. 5, in a representative embodiment of the present invention, filtration system 200 may be implemented sequentially to clean a swimming pool. First, intake 210 may be attached, either directly or indirectly to pump 220 and inserted into the pool [505]. Conjunctively or sequentially, output 215 may be attached to filter 205, either directly or indirectly, and inserted into the pool [510]. Conjunctively or sequentially, circulation pump(s) 400 may be brought to the edge of the pool and primed, intakes 405 weighted and submerged, and then the pump may be started [515]. Thereafter, lime 110, sodium carbonate 115, and polymer 120 may be added, either directly, or via output 215, to the pool [520]. The addition of these chemicals should be closely monitored and stoichiometric amounts should be used. Once the chemicals have been added, the pool circulation pumps may be turned off [525]. At this point, flocculation and/or coagulation of insoluble particulate material occurs and may be allowed to settle towards the pool bottom [530]. Once this occurs, pump 220 may be turned on [535], which powers intake 210 to draw water from the pool to mobile filter 205 [540]. Insoluble particulate material that has settled at and/or near the bottom of the pool may be removed using a submersible suction device, such as a vacuum [545]. Substantially insoluble particulate material-free water (post-filtered) from mobile filter 205 may be brought back to the pool via output 215 [550]. Conjunctively or sequentially, a pH neutralizer 125 may be added, either directly and/or through output 215 and/or a hose and/or pipe to the pool [555].
It should be appreciated that the system and method for mineral hardness maintenance via a lime softening in accordance with a representative aspect of the present invention may be implemented to comprise an at least partially mobile filtration system. Suitable mechanisms for achieving mobility may include: trucks, trailers, vans, boats, and/or the like. Referring now to FIGS. 6 and 7, in a representative embodiment of the present invention, a mobile filtration unit may comprise a truck 600. Truck 600 generally houses filter 205, intake 210, output 215, and pump 220. Underneath filter 205, on the bed of the truck, is a container 610 suitably adapted to catch and/or house insoluble particulate material collected by filter 205. With the container 610 located underneath filter 205, the plates of the filter 205 may be separated whereby excess particulate matter may be scraped from the plates for collection in the container 610 disposed underneath.
In a representative embodiment of the present invention, truck 600 comprises an eductor that may be used to assist in delivering lime 110 and/or polymer 120 to the body of water. Referring now to FIG. 13, in a representative embodiment of the present invention, eductor 1300 comprises a hopper 615, a pressure connection 1305, a discharge connection 1310, and one or more regulators 1315. The eductor hopper 615 may be positioned between the pressure connection 1305 and the discharge connection 1310, such that hopper 615 may be suitably configured to deliver one or more chemicals of the lime softening technique 100 to the water as it flows through the pressure connection 1305 and the discharge connection 1310. Pressure connection 1305 and discharge connection 1310 may be substantially integrated into piping that transfers (or otherwise communicates) water to output 215.
It should be appreciated that the pressure connection 1305 provides a pressure differential in water as it flows under the eductor hopper 615 so as to force water to increase velocity and/or mix with chemicals such as lime 110 and/or polymer 120 as they are introduced. It should be further appreciated that one or more regulators 1315 may be implemented to assist in regulation of flow of water to eductor 1300 and/or to assist in creation of suction in the eductor hopper 615. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, one or more valves 905 may be present to assist in management of the regulator 1315.
Referring now to FIG. 9, in a representative embodiment of the present invention, eductor hopper 615 may be held in place by two or more stands 905, which may be substantially perpendicular to the truck bed. Eductor hopper 615 may comprise a substantially conic and/or funnel-shaped housing and an opening at the bottom (the tapered point of the conic funnel) of approximately 1-3 inches in diameter. It is possible that lime build-up may accumulate at the opening, and regular removal of build-up may be required.
In a representative embodiment of the present invention, eductor hopper 615 may be optionally positioned adjacent to a platform 910. The platform 910 may be adapted to rest substantially parallel to the eductor hopper 615, but may also be suitably configured to fold-out to become substantially perpendicular to the eductor 615, so as to provide a place to set the chemicals. Platform 910 may also comprise an area from which to tip a chemical container to pour chemicals out in a safe and/or controlled fashion.
Referring now to FIG. 10, eductor 1300 may be connected to intake 210 and output 215 via hosing, piping and/or any other suitable mechanism for connection. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, eductor 1300 may be connected to intake 210 via piping. In this representative embodiment, eductor 1300 may be adapted to regulate the introduction of chemicals to the water as it flows through the piping from the intake 210 to the output 215.
In a representative embodiment of the present invention, the movement of chemicals from the eductor 1300 may be regulated by one or more valves 905. These valves 905 may be located in piping near the output 215 and/or the intake 210 and/or integrated into the output 215 and/or the intake 210. In another representative embodiment of the present invention, valves 905 may also control the flow of water from the intake 210 to the filter 205. In yet another representative embodiment of the present invention, valves 905 regulate the flow of water from intake 210 such that the water may flow either to the filter 205 or to the eductor 1300 in order to effect different steps in the filtration system process. In yet a further representative embodiment of the present invention, valves 905 may be suitably configured to allow water to flow first to the eductor 1300 to enable introduction of chemicals to the body of water. Then, after introduction of the chemicals to the body of water is complete, valves 905 may be manipulated to substantially block eductor 1300 thereby allowing water to flow from the intake 210 to the filter 205. In yet a further representative embodiment of the present invention, gauges and meters, such as pH meters and/or the like, may assist in the regulation and/or management of the steps of the filtration system 200.
In a representative embodiment of the present invention, eductor 1300 may be connected directly and/or indirectly to a polymer tank 1010. In another representative embodiment of the present invention, polymer tank 1010 may be configured to house a supply of liquid polymer. In another representative embodiment of the present invention, eductor 1300 may be substantially configured to regulate the introduction of polymer 120 to the water as it flow from the intake 210 to the output 215. In yet another representative embodiment of the present invention, a pump, such as an air diaphragm pump, may be implemented in conjunction with the polymer tank 1010 so as to assist in transfer of the polymer 120 to the eductor 1300. In yet a further representative embodiment of the present invention, the flow of polymer 120 to the eductor 1300 may be controlled by one or more valves 905, regulators and/or the like.
It should be appreciated that in accordance with the present invention, a pH neutralizer 125 may be housed on the truck 600. Referring now to FIG. 10, in a representative embodiment of the present invention, the pH neutralizer 125 may comprise carbon dioxide, and the housing may be a carbon dioxide cylinder 1015. In another representative embodiment of the present invention, the carbon dioxide cylinder 1015 may be connected to the output 215 and is substantially configured to release carbon dioxide to the output 215, either directly or through a connector, such as a pipe, a hose and/or the like. In another representative embodiment of the present invention, truck 600 also houses a carbon dioxide regulator 1020 to regulate the release of carbon dioxide to the output 215. In yet another representative embodiment of the present invention, the carbon dioxide regulator manages and/or works in conjunction with one or more valves 905. In a yet a further representative embodiment of the present invention, these valves 905 may be located remotely, such as near the output 215, or they may be integrated into the carbon dioxide regulator 1020. In another representative embodiment of the present invention, truck 600 may be suitably configured to comprise various storage units 605 where chemicals for the lime softening technique 100, additional hoses, piping and/or the like may be stored.
Referring now to FIG. 8, in another representative embodiment of the present invention, truck 600 may be suitably configured to house chemicals in unenclosed storage units 805 for easy access. Additionally, truck 600 may comprise a wheel to house hosing 810.
It should be appreciated that the system and method for mineral hardness maintenance, in accordance with the present invention, provides substantially cleaner water in an enclosed body of water. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, the system may replace the need for weekly shock treatments with chlorine, which can be tedious, expensive, and, with the use of these chemicals at home, also dangerous. In another representative embodiment of the present invention, the system provides an environmentally friendly alternative to draining and/or cleaning swimming pools and/or other enclosed bodies of water. In yet another representative embodiment of the present invention, the system substantially eliminates the need for expensive and/or time-consuming processes of removing mineral deposits, such as through the use of pumice stones, sand blasting and/or the like.
In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments; however, it will be appreciated that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as set forth in the exemplary provisional embodiments. The specification and figures are to be regarded in an illustrative manner, rather than a restrictive one and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined by the claims and their legal equivalents. For example, the steps recited in any method or process claims may be executed in any order and are not limited to the specific order presented in the claims. Additionally, the components and/or elements recited in any apparatus embodiment may be assembled or otherwise operationally configured in a variety of permutations to produce substantially the same result as the present invention and are accordingly not limited to the specific configuration recited in the claims.
Benefits, other advantages and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to particular embodiments; however, any benefit, advantage, solution to problems or any element that may cause any particular benefit, advantage or solution to occur or to become more pronounced are not to be construed as critical, required or essential features or components of any or all the provisional embodiments. As used herein, the terms “comprising”, “having”, “including”, or any variation thereof, are intended to reference a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, composition or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements recited, but may also include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, composition or apparatus. Other combinations and/or modifications of the above-described structures, arrangements, applications, proportions, elements, materials or components used in the practice of the present invention, in addition to those not specifically recited, may be varied or otherwise particularly adapted by those skilled in the art to specific environments, manufacturing specifications, design parameters or other operating requirements without departing from the general principles of the same.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A method of removing mineral hardness of water, the method comprising:

(a) selecting a mineral hardness solubility constant modifier capable of at least partially precipitating insoluble mineral hardness material from water containing mineral hardness;

(b) generating a pressurized flow of the water containing mineral hardness;

(c) adding the mineral hardness solubility constant modifier to the pressurized flow of water containing mineral hardness to form a water bearing precipitate mineral hardness; and

(d) filtering the water bearing precipitate mineral hardness to at least partially remove the precipitated insoluble mineral hardness material from the water bearing precipitate mineral hardness to form post-filtered water.

2. A method according to claim 1 wherein (a) comprises selecting a mineral hardness solubility constant modifier comprising at least one of a base, lime, sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide, and a polymer.

3. A method according to claim 1 wherein (c) comprises adding the mineral hardness solubility constant modifier in an amount sufficient to increase the pH of the water containing mineral hardness to above about 9.6.

4. A method according to claim 3 comprising adding the mineral hardness solubility constant modifier in an amount sufficient to increase the pH of the water containing mineral hardness to above about 11.

5. A method according to claim 1 wherein (d) comprises filtering the water bearing precipitate mineral hardness to at least partially remove an insoluble particulate material comprising at least one of a protein, lipid, organic material, and inorganic material.

6. A method according to claim 1 wherein (d) comprises circulating the water bearing precipitate mineral hardness prior to filtering.

7. A method according to claim 1 comprising communicating the water bearing precipitate mineral hardness from a first location to a second location that is disposed substantially above the first location.

8. A method according to claim 1 wherein (d) comprises adding a pH neutralizer to the post-filtered water.

9. A method according to claim 1 further comprising adding a pH neutralizer comprising an acid.

10. A method according to claim 1 wherein (b) comprises generating a pressure differential in the flow of the water containing mineral hardness that increases the velocity of the water.

11. A method according to claim 10 wherein (c) comprises adding the mineral hardness solubility constant modifier along the region of the pressure differential.

12. A method according to claim 1 wherein (d) comprises passing the water comprising the precipitated material through a filter mesh while expelling water substantially free of the precipitated material.

13. A method according to claim 1 wherein (d) comprises passing the water comprising the precipitated material through a plurality of plates that are configured to move along a rail so as to enable separation of the plates to remove accumulated precipitated material.

14. A filter system comprising:

(a) a hopper capable of receiving a pressurized flow of water containing mineral hardness, the hopper having an output extending into the pressurized flow of the water to allow addition of a mineral hardness solubility constant modifier to the pressurized flow of the water to at least partially precipitate insoluble mineral hardness material to form a water bearing precipitate mineral hardness; and

(b) a filter connected to the hopper by piping to at least partially remove the precipitated insoluble mineral hardness material from the water bearing precipitate mineral hardness to form post-filtered water.

15. A system according to claim 14 comprising a pump to pressurize the water containing mineral hardness that is received by the hopper.

16. A system according to claim 15 wherein the pump is also connected to piping to communicate the water bearing precipitate mineral hardness through the piping to the filter.

17. A system according to claim 15 wherein the pump is connected to piping to communicate post-filtered water through the piping.

18. A system according to claim 15 wherein the pump comprises a positive displacement pump.

19. A system according to claim 15 comprising an automotive engine, and wherein the pump is at least partially powered by an automotive engine.

20. A system according to claim 14 wherein the mineral hardness solubility constant modifier comprises at least one of a base, lime, sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide, and a polymer.

21. A system according to claim 14 wherein the mineral hardness solubility constant modifier is selected to increase the pH of the water containing mineral hardness to above about 9.6.

22. A system according to claim 21 wherein the mineral hardness solubility constant modifier is selected to increase the pH of the water containing mineral hardness to above about 11.

23. A system according to claim 14 wherein the filter is configured to at least partially remove an insoluble particulate material comprising proteins, lipids, organic material, or inorganic material.

24. A system according to claim 14 further comprising at least one of a dispersal manifold and a circulation pump to at least partially assist in circulating the water bearing precipitate mineral hardness.

25. A system according to claim 14 comprising a mobile platform supporting the filter and hopper.