US20110245818A1 - Adjustable chromophore compounds and materials incorporating such compounds - Google Patents

Adjustable chromophore compounds and materials incorporating such compounds Download PDF

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US20110245818A1
US20110245818A1 US13/076,665 US201113076665A US2011245818A1 US 20110245818 A1 US20110245818 A1 US 20110245818A1 US 201113076665 A US201113076665 A US 201113076665A US 2011245818 A1 US2011245818 A1 US 2011245818A1
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compound
chromophore
adjustable
chemical moiety
lens
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Joseph I. Weinschenk, III
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Novartis AG
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Assigned to ALCON, INC. reassignment ALCON, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WEINSCHENK, JOSEPH I., III
Assigned to NOVARTIS AG reassignment NOVARTIS AG MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ALCON, INC.
Publication of US20110245818A1 publication Critical patent/US20110245818A1/en
Priority to US14/792,877 priority patent/US10029229B2/en
Priority to US16/014,639 priority patent/US10434489B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
    • B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
    • B01J19/123—Ultraviolet light
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
    • B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
    • B01J19/127—Sunlight; Visible light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/00009—Production of simple or compound lenses
    • B29D11/00432—Auxiliary operations, e.g. machines for filling the moulds
    • B29D11/00461—Adjusting the refractive index, e.g. after implanting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D249/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D249/18—Benzotriazoles
    • C07D249/20—Benzotriazoles with aryl radicals directly attached in position 2
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
    • C08K5/3467—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having more than two nitrogen atoms in the ring
    • C08K5/3472—Five-membered rings
    • C08K5/3475—Five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
    • G02B1/041—Lenses
    • G02B1/043—Contact lenses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2430/00—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
    • A61L2430/16—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for reconstruction of eye parts, e.g. intraocular lens, cornea

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to adjustable chromophore compounds and materials (e.g., ophthalmic lens materials) incorporating those compounds. More particularly, the present invention is related to adjustable chromophore compounds that includes a chemical moiety that structurally changes upon exposure to predetermined electromagnetic radiation (e.g., two photon radiation) as well as lens materials (e.g., intraocular lens materials) that incorporate those compounds.
  • predetermined electromagnetic radiation e.g., two photon radiation
  • lens materials e.g., intraocular lens materials
  • Chromophore compounds are molecules that absorb light and such light absorption is desirable for a wide range of products. They are particularly important and useful in lenses of many different types. As examples, chromophores have been incorporated into lenses of sunglasses, lenses of spectacles, contact lenses and intraocular lenses (IOLs). As such, a significant amount of research has been performed investigating a wide variety of compounds with light absorption characteristics.
  • the chromophores can be dispersed or distributed throughout portions or the entirety of the matrices and the concentrations of the chromophores can be substantially homogeneous throughout the matrices or the concentrations can be varied in certain portions of the matrices.
  • the amount and type (e.g., wavelength) of light absorption provided by any particular chromophore typically depends upon the amount and type (e.g., chemical structure) of chromophore used in a particular lens.
  • This type and amount of chromophore is typically predetermined and provides the lens with a particular predetermined light absorption profile. While this is generally acceptable for most lenses, there are circumstances in which it may be desirable to change the absorption characteristics of a chromophore after it has been incorporated into a lens thereby changing the absorption profile provided by the lens itself.
  • individuals having intraocular lens may be particularly desirous of having the ability to change the absorption profile provided by the chromophores in their lenses.
  • Individuals that will be exposed to greater amounts of sunlight due to geographical changes, activity (e.g., employment) changes or other changes in their lives may desire a change in the absorption profile of their IOLs.
  • Individuals that have or develop sensitivity to particular wavelengths of light may desire a change in the absorption profile. It would also be desirable to be able to tune the absorption profile of an IOL for all individuals receiving IOLs.
  • a chromophore with adjustable light absorption characteristics. It would also be particularly desirable to provide such chromophore compound within a product (e.g., lens) wherein the absorption profile of the lens could be adjusted after incorporation of the chromophore compound into the lens.
  • a product e.g., lens
  • the present invention is directed to an adjustable chromophore comprising a compound of the formula:
  • the present invention is also directed to a lens comprising a polymeric material and the adjustable chromophore compound, as described herein, distributed within the polymeric material.
  • the material that includes the chromophore compound can typically absorb light at progressively greater wavelengths as greater amounts of the compound B—C are formed from the adjustable compound B—X.
  • the present invention is also directed to a method of adjusting a lens in vivo or in vitro.
  • the method includes directing predetermined electromagnetic radiation as described herein at the above described lens to form the compound B—C either prior to or after implantation of the lens in the eye.
  • the present invention is also directed to an adjustable chromophore system, comprising a compound of the formula:
  • the base chromophore of the lens, the system or the adjustable chromophore is preferably selected from the group consisting of benzotriazoles, benzophenones, azo dyes and cinnamate esters.
  • the compound B—C typically absorbs a significant amount of UV light, blue light or both.
  • the adjustable chemical moiety X is a preferably a cyclic moiety such as dicyclopentadiene.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B are respectively, a top and sectional view of a contact lens in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are respectively, a top and sectional view of an intraocular lens in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
  • the present invention is predicated upon the provision of an adjustable chromophore compound and/or system.
  • the absorption characteristics (e.g., absorption profile) of the chromophore compound will be adjustable upon exposure to predetermined electromagnetic radiation.
  • the present invention is also predicated upon the provision of products, particularly lenses (e.g., lens of sunglasses, lenses of spectacles, IOLs, contact lenses or the like), that incorporate the adjustable chromophore compounds and/or system of the present invention such that the absorption profile of those products can be adjusted.
  • the adjustable chromophore compound will typically have the following chemical structure:
  • B is a base chromophore compound
  • X is an adjustable chemical moiety that forms a separable group (S) and a remaining chemical moiety (C) upon exposure to the predetermined electromagnetic radiation thereby forming the compound:
  • the remaining chemical moiety (C) includes a conjugated double bond.
  • conjugated double bond provides significant adjustment to the absorption characteristics (e.g., absorption profile) of resultant chromophore compound B—C relative to the adjustable chromophore compound B—X.
  • the base chromophore compound (B) is selected from the group consisting of benzotriazoles, benzophenones, azo dyes and cinnamate esters.
  • the base chromophore compound is a benzotriazole or benzophenone, but is most typically a benzotriazole. Examples of benzotriazoles suitable as the base chromophore compound are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,528,311 and 7,396,942; and U.S. Patent Application Nos.
  • the adjustable chemical moiety (X) can be any moiety that can be separated into the remaining chemical moiety (C) and the separable group (S) upon exposure to the predetermined electromagnetic radiation.
  • the chemical moiety (X) is cyclical and, upon separation into the chemical moiety (C) and the separable group (S), provides the chemical moiety (C) with a conjugated double bond.
  • such a reaction would be as follows:
  • moieties suitable for use as the adjustable chemical moiety (X) include, without limitation, dicyclopentadiene, dicyclohexadiene, cyclobutane, cyclohexene or the like. It shall be understood that the structures of the chemical moiety (C) and the separable group (S) will be dictated by the structure of the chemical moiety (X) and, in certain circumstance, vice-versa. It will also be understood that the separable group (S) could be bound within a polymer matrix of the polymer, could be entangled in the polymer matrix, but may not be either.
  • the adjustable chromophore system of the present invention includes an adjustable chromophore compound of the present invention and that adjustable chromophore compound can be adjusted to the resultant chromophore compound is B—C but that adjustment is then reversible such that the resultant chromophore compound B—C can be adjusted back to the adjustable compound B—X.
  • the adjustable chromophore system includes a compound of the formula:
  • B is the base chromophore compound
  • X is the adjustable chemical moiety that forms separable group (S) and remaining chemical moiety (C) upon exposure to a first predetermined electromagnetic radiation thereby forming the compound B—C where the remaining chemical moiety (C) includes a conjugated double bond. It is then possible that the separation of the adjustable chemical moiety (X) into the remaining chemical moiety (C) and the separable group (S) may be reversible upon exposure to a different predetermined electromagnetic radiation to form the compound B—X. In such instance, the system will be able to add to the level of absorption provided by the system or subtract from the amount of absorption provided by the system depending upon the electromagnetic radiation provided thereto.
  • the chromophore compound B—X and chromophore compound B—C can include an electron donating chemical moiety (D), an electron withdrawing chemical moiety (W) or both and those moieties will typically remain with the chromophore compound B—C after the adjustable moiety (X) is separated into the remaining moiety (C) and the separable group (S).
  • the donating moiety (D) and the withdrawing moiety (W) can be part of the base chromophore compound (B), the adjustable chemical moiety (X) and/or the remaining chemical moiety (C).
  • the withdrawing moiety (W) is part of the adjusting chemical moiety (X) and the remaining chemical moiety (C) and vice versa.
  • suitable electron withdrawing moieties will be evident to the skilled artisan.
  • suitable electron withdrawing moieties (W) include cyano groups, carbonyls, esters, amides, sulfonyls, halogens, combinations thereof or the like.
  • the withdrawing moiety (W) is a halogen (e.g., a halogen itself or a halogen inclusive group) such as fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), carbon trifluoride (CF 3 ) or the like.
  • suitable electron donating moieties (D) will also be evident to the skilled artisan. Examples of suitable donating moieties (D) include, without limitation, alkyl groups such as methyl groups and ethyl groups, alkoxy groups, amino groups or the like.
  • the donating moiety (D), the withdrawing moiety (W) or both can aid in polarizing the chromophore compound B—C.
  • Such polarization can aid the ability of the chromophore compound B—C in absorbing light, particularly additional wavelengths of light (e.g., higher or longer wavelengths of light).
  • additional wavelengths of light e.g., higher or longer wavelengths of light.
  • polarization can be significantly blocked by the adjustable chemical moiety (X) such that the light absorption ability of the chromophore compound B—X is significantly reduced (e.g., can be less than 80% or even 60%) relative to the light absorbing ability of the chromophore compound B—C.
  • the adjustable moiety (X) can additionally or alternatively include a mobilization inhibiting moiety (Z) and that moiety will typically remain with the separable group (S) after the adjustable moiety (X) is separated into the remaining moiety (C) and the separable group (S).
  • a mobilization inhibiting moiety (Z) is particularly useful for situation where the chromophore compound B—X is incorporated into a matrix (e.g., a polymer or glass matrix) for maintaining the separable group (S) in the matrix after the adjustable moiety (X) is separated into the remaining moiety (C) and the separable group (S).
  • the mobilization inhibiting moiety is capable of entangling in the matrix.
  • the mobilization inhibiting moiety (Z) is or includes a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group (e.g., an alkane chain) with a carbon chain or carbon based group having a carbon atoms in the range of C 4 -C 20 , more typically C 5 -C 12 and even possibly C 6 -C 10 .
  • a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group e.g., an alkane chain
  • a carbon chain or carbon based group having a carbon atoms in the range of C 4 -C 20 , more typically C 5 -C 12 and even possibly C 6 -C 10 .
  • the chromophore compounds and/or system of the present invention can be incorporated into a variety of different products. Most significantly, however, they can be incorporated into lenses of products such as sunglasses or spectacles or into contact lenses or IOLs.
  • the chromophore compounds and system can be incorporated into these lenses whether they are formed of glass or polymeric material or a combination thereof. Typically, these materials, whether thermoset or thermoplastic, will form a matrix and the compounds and/or system can be distributed or dispersed throughout the entirety or a portion of the matrix.
  • the chromophore compounds and/or system of the present invention can be incorporated into matrices of materials commonly used to form sunglasses or spectacles.
  • Such materials can include glass or polymeric materials such as polystyrene, polycarbonate, acrylics, combinations thereof or the like.
  • the chromophore compounds and/or system of the present invention can be incorporated into contact lenses, IOLs or both.
  • Contact lenses and IOLs typically includes matrices formed of acrylate based materials (i.e., materials that are formed of at least 20%, at least 50% or more acrylate monomers such as phenylethyl methacrylate and hydroxyethyl methacrylate), silicone materials or the like.
  • acrylate based materials i.e., materials that are formed of at least 20%, at least 50% or more acrylate monomers such as phenylethyl methacrylate and hydroxyethyl methacrylate
  • silicone materials or the like.
  • the adjustment of the chromophore compound of the present invention can occur prior to incorporation into a product or material matrix, but preferably occurs thereafter. As suggested, the adjustment is caused by exposure of the chromophore compounds, particularly the adjustable moiety (X) to predetermined electromagnetic radiation.
  • the particularly radiation employed to form the adjustable moiety (X) into the remaining moiety (C) and the separable group (S), or vice versa, will depend upon the chemical structure of those groups and/or moieties.
  • That electromagnetic radiation can be from the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum or from the non-visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
  • the predetermined electromagnetic radiation is provided as relatively intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
  • the predetermined radiation is provided as infrared (IR) radiation.
  • the electromagnetic radiation is provided as two-photon radiation that is typically from the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
  • the two photon radiation can be provided as light from the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
  • the predetermined electromagnetic radiation is provided from a light source such as a laser or other light or energy source that can direct the radiation at the chromophores or at the materials into which the chromophores have been incorporated.
  • a light source such as a laser or other light or energy source that can direct the radiation at the chromophores or at the materials into which the chromophores have been incorporated.
  • the predetermined electromagnetic radiation will have a wavelength and/or frequency configured to result in the following reaction scheme:
  • a second predetermined electromagnetic radiation will have a wavelength and/or frequency configured to cause the reversal of that reaction.
  • the chemical entity which would normally be the separable group (S) might be or become chemically bonded with and be part of the base chromophore such that system of the present invention could occur according to the following scheme:
  • the chromophore compound B—C will typically provide a significantly greater amount of light absorption than the adjustable chromophore compound B—X. Moreover, it is possible and often desirable that, as more of the chromophore compound B—C is formed, greater amounts of light at greater wavelengths are absorbed. In this scenario, the absorption cutoff of the material that include the chromophore compound B—C will move toward progressively higher wavelengths as more and more of the chromophore compound B—C is formed.
  • the first wavelength is at least 5 nanometers, more preferably at least 10 nanometers and even possibly at least 15 nanometers less than the second wavelength.
  • the chromophore compound B—C and separable group (S) can be exposed to predetermined radiation to produce adjustable chromophore compound B—X.
  • a material including compound B—C and separable group (S) to absorb at least 80% of light at a first wavelength and light at a second wavelength when less than 25% of a starting amount or concentration of compound B—C and separable group (S) has been converted to compound B—X but for the material to absorb at least 80% of light at the first wavelength but less than 20% of light at the second wavelength after at least 75% of the starting amount or concentration the compound B—C and the separable group (S) has been converted to compound B—X.
  • the first wavelength is at least 5 nanometers, more preferably at least 10 nanometers and even possibly at least 15 nanometers less than the second wavelength.
  • the chromophores B—X and/or B—C are typically designed to provide substantial absorption (e.g., at least 50% and even at least 80%) of light at wavelengths in the UV range up to and even into portions of the blue light range.
  • the first and second wavelengths will typically be in the UV to blue portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
  • the first and second wavelengths are both preferably in the range of 300 to 500, more preferably 380 to 470 and even more preferably 390 to 440 nanometers.
  • a contact lens 10 will typically have a largest outer perimeter (e.g., largest peripheral circumference) 12 of at least 2, more typically at least 3 and even more typically at least 4 centimeters.
  • the largest perimeter 12 will also typically be less than 10, more typically less than 6 and even more typically less than 5.5 centimeters.
  • the contact lens will also typically include a concave surface 14 opposing a convex surface 16 .
  • an IOL 20 will typically have a largest outer perimeter (e.g., largest peripheral circumference) 22 of at least 1.5, more typically at least 2.0 and even more typically at least 3.2 centimeters.
  • the largest perimeter 22 will also typically be less than 7, more typically less than 5 and even more typically less than 4.5 centimeters.
  • Aphakic IOLs will also typically include a first convex surface 24 opposing a second convex surface 26 whereas phakic IOLs may have convex surfaces like the aphakic IOLs or convex/concave surfaces like the contact lenses.
  • both contact lenses and IOLs may be adjusted after application or implantation of those lenses to a mammalian eye, particularly a human eye. This is particularly the case where visible light (e.g., two photon light) is used to adjust the absorption characteristics.
  • visible light e.g., two photon light
  • a discussion of techniques of using two photon light to adjust refractive index of implanted IOLs is provided in US Patent Publication No. 2009/0157178, which is fully incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
  • such techniques might also be used to adjust the chromophores of the present invention.
  • the predetermined radiation can be directed at particular portions of the lens to enhance light absorption in particular pre-selected regions of the lens while other regions of the lens will exhibit less absorption.
  • an IOL for example, it might be desirable to enhance the light absorption of a nucleus portion of the IOL while leaving the peripheral portion of the IOL to exhibit less light absorption.
  • Such an IOL would then exhibit the greater light absorption when light is bright and the pupil of the eye is small and would exhibit less absorption when there is less light and the pupil of the eye is larger.
  • the nucleus region will typically have a concentration of the chromophore compound B—C that is greater than 120% and more typically greater than 150% of the concentration at a peripheral region of the lens.
  • Such nucleus regions and such peripheral regions will both be at least 10% of the overall volume of the IOL excluding any haptics.
  • Example 1 above illustrates one exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • a chromophore compound B—X includes a benzotriazole base chromophore
  • the adjustable moiety (X) includes a mobilization inhibiting group (Z), which is preferably an alkane chain, and an electron donating moiety (D), which is preferably an alkoxy group.
  • the base chromophore compound (B) includes an electron withdrawing group (W), which is preferably one of the halogen or halogenated groups discussed above.
  • W electron withdrawing group
  • the chromophore compound B—X upon exposure to predetermined radiation, the chromophore compound B—X becomes the chromophore compound B—C and separable group (S) with the chromophore compound B—C having a conjugated double bond and the electron donating group (D) as well as the remaining group (C).
  • the base chromophore (B) then includes the electron withdrawing group (W). Further, the separable group (S) includes the mobilization inhibiting group (Z).
  • a chromophore compound B—X includes a benzotriazole base chromophore (B) and an adjustable moiety (X), which is a dicyclopentadiene.
  • the adjustable moiety (X) includes a mobilization inhibiting group (Z), which is preferably an alkane chain, and an electron withdrawing moiety (W), which is preferably a halogen group.
  • the base chromophore compound (B) includes an electron donating group (D), which is preferably an alkoxy group.
  • the chromophore compound B—X upon exposure to predetermined radiation, becomes the chromophore compound B—C and separable group (S) with the chromophore compound B—C having a conjugated double bond and the electron withdrawing group (W) as well as the remaining group (C).
  • the base chromophore (B) then includes the electron donating group (D).
  • the separable group (S) includes the mobilization inhibiting group (Z).
  • a chromophore compound B—X includes a benzotriazole base chromophore (B) and an adjustable moiety (X), which is a dicyclopentadiene.
  • a cyclic moiety of the base chromophore (B) and the dicyclopentadiene share a common bond.
  • the adjustable moiety (X) includes a mobilization inhibiting group (Z), which is preferably an alkane chain.
  • the base chromophore (B) includes an electron withdrawing moiety (W), which is preferably a halogen group and an electron donating group (D), which preferably includes an alkoxy group.
  • the chromophore compound B—X upon exposure to predetermined radiation, the chromophore compound B—X become the chromophore compound B—C and separable group (S) with the chromophore compound B—C having a conjugated double bond as the remaining group (C) and the electron withdrawing group (W).
  • the base chromophore (B) also includes the electron donating group (D).
  • the separable group (S) includes the mobilization inhibiting group (Z).
  • Example 4 above illustrates another exemplary embodiment of the system of the invention.
  • a pair of base chromophore compounds (B) which are both benzotriazoles are both bonded to a single adjustable moiety (X), which is a cyclobutane, to form the compound B—X—B.
  • Each of the base chromophore compounds (B) include both an electron withdrawing moiety (W), which is preferably a halogen group and an electron donating group (D), which preferably includes an alkoxy group.
  • W electron withdrawing moiety
  • D electron donating group
  • the chromophore compound B—X—B upon exposure to predetermined radiation, becomes two separate chromophore compounds B—C with each of the chromophore compounds B—C having a remaining group (C) with a conjugated double bond. Moreover, upon exposure to a second predetermined radiation, the chromophore compounds B—C can be reacted to become the single chromophore compound B—X—B.

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US9204962B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2015-12-08 Acufocus, Inc. In situ adjustable optical mask
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US11543683B2 (en) 2019-08-30 2023-01-03 Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. Multifocal contact lens displaying improved vision attributes

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RU2012146774A (ru) 2014-05-10
WO2011123587A1 (en) 2011-10-06
AR080739A1 (es) 2012-05-02
TW201202207A (en) 2012-01-16
US10434489B2 (en) 2019-10-08
US10029229B2 (en) 2018-07-24
JP6254135B2 (ja) 2017-12-27
AU2011235140A1 (en) 2012-09-27
US20150306562A1 (en) 2015-10-29
JP2017128728A (ja) 2017-07-27
JP2016094602A (ja) 2016-05-26
AU2011235140B2 (en) 2015-01-15
RU2563640C2 (ru) 2015-09-20
CA2794284C (en) 2018-02-13
CA2794284A1 (en) 2011-10-06
ES2474094T3 (es) 2014-07-08
EP2553501A1 (en) 2013-02-06
CN102844683A (zh) 2012-12-26
TWI583673B (zh) 2017-05-21
CN102844683B (zh) 2014-11-26
EP2553501B1 (en) 2014-05-14
US20180297003A1 (en) 2018-10-18
JP2013523961A (ja) 2013-06-17

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