US20110051738A1 - Method, system and device for maintaining routes - Google Patents

Method, system and device for maintaining routes Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110051738A1
US20110051738A1 US12/863,103 US86310308A US2011051738A1 US 20110051738 A1 US20110051738 A1 US 20110051738A1 US 86310308 A US86310308 A US 86310308A US 2011051738 A1 US2011051738 A1 US 2011051738A1
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pop
routing information
prefix
super
node
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Xiaohu XU
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/02—Topology update or discovery
    • H04L45/04—Interdomain routing, e.g. hierarchical routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/02—Topology update or discovery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/02—Topology update or discovery
    • H04L45/021—Ensuring consistency of routing table updates, e.g. by using epoch numbers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/02—Topology update or discovery
    • H04L45/033—Topology update or discovery by updating distance vector protocols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2212/00—Encapsulation of packets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a technology for transmitting data in a communications network, and more particularly to a method, system, and device for maintaining routes.
  • a route is used for transmitting data from source terminal equipment in a communications network to destination terminal equipment through a router.
  • the router needs to select an optimal path and switch the data packets in the route maintained by the router.
  • Metric is a calculation standard for determining the optimal path to reach the destination terminal equipment in a route algorithm. For example, in the standard, the optimal path can be determined with the shortest path or the smallest path overhead.
  • route initialization needs to be performed and a routing table including path information in the communications network needs to be maintained. The path information varies with different route algorithms that are used.
  • a manner in which the router is informed of the path information of the destination terminal equipment or a next hop router is that the path information is issued in the communications network (can be issued by the router). After receiving the path information, the router can attempt to communicate with other routers or destination terminal equipment according to the received path information, so as to establish the routing table for forwarding the data packets for the router itself.
  • the established routing table includes all kinds of information such as distance information, information of the hop count to reach the destination terminal equipment, and address information of the next hop.
  • Metric varies with different route algorithms that are used. After receiving data carrying a destination address, the router selects, according to the carried destination address, the optimal path to transmit data packets to the next hop router or destination terminal equipment in a routing table that adopts Metric.
  • Metric determines the optimal path according to the shortest path.
  • the router can transmit the data packets to the next hop router or destination terminal equipment.
  • the routers communicate with each other, and maintain and update their own routes by exchanging the path information.
  • the maintenance and update of their own routes are generally maintaining and updating a routing table including all or partial information, and a network topology view is established by analyzing path information from other routers or terminal equipment. Transmission of the path information among the routers can further adopt a mode of sending broadcast information in a linked state.
  • the routers notify a linked state of other routers sending the broadcast information.
  • the linked state information is used for establishing a complete topological view, so that the routers can determine the optimal path when transmitting data packets.
  • the multi-homing technology is that for link survivability or load balance, a link group with more than one link is established between the terminal equipment and a backbone network of the communications network.
  • the link group with more than one link may belong to the same operator or different operators.
  • the traffic engineering technology is actually a suit of tools and methods adopted by the communications network. Regardless of whether the terminal equipment and transmission lines in the communications network are normal or failed, an optimal service can be extracted from the configured communications network, which can optimize allocated resources.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a network adopting the CRIO technology to maintain routes in the prior art, where the network includes a transmission network and edge networks. Different edge networks are connected through the transmission network.
  • the transmission network includes one or more point of presence (PoP) nodes.
  • An edge network includes terminal equipment.
  • a border router is included at a boundary between the transmission network and the edge network. In FIG. 1 , for simplicity, one PoP node is shown.
  • Routes maintained by different PoP nodes are routing information of different super prefixes and routing information of a detailed prefix covered by the super prefixes.
  • the different PoP nodes issue the routing information of the maintained super prefix in the transmission network.
  • the routing information of the detailed prefix covered by the super prefix does not need to be issued.
  • Border routers of AS and other core routers in the transmission network do not need to maintain all routing information of the detailed prefix covered by the super prefix and only need to maintain routes of the super prefix.
  • routing information of the super prefix can also be referred to as converged routing information.
  • the routing information of the detailed prefix covered by the super prefix is routing information in the edge network related to the super prefix.
  • the terminal equipment accesses the transmission network through the border router.
  • source terminal equipment sends the data packets to a source end border router.
  • the source end border router sends data to a PoP node maintaining the routing information of the super prefix.
  • the PoP node determines a path through the maintained routing information of the detailed prefix covered by the super prefix, so as to establish a tunnel between the PoP node and a destination end border router.
  • the data packets are forwarded to the destination end border router through the tunnel.
  • the destination end border router forwards the data packets to destination terminal equipment according to routing information stored by the destination end border router itself.
  • the transmission network may be a backbone network of the Internet
  • the PoP node may be a super router or a host.
  • a basic idea of adopting the CRIO technology in a network is how to reduce route capacity of the backbone network of the Internet. It is found based on a model of flow of practical transmission data of the Internet that, flow of data sent to the terminal equipment corresponding to a few network segment addresses occupies a large portion of bandwidth. Therefore, during transmission, the terminal equipment that transmits data packets with less flow can increase the hop count to reduce the route capacity of the backbone network of the Internet.
  • a basic realization idea is to change a mesh routing structure of the Internet into a tree routing structure. As shown in FIG.
  • the routing information of the super prefix is issued only through the PoP nodes in the backbone network of the Internet while the routing information of the detailed prefix covered by the super prefix is not issued in the backbone network of the Internet.
  • a border router of the backbone network of the Internet provides the routing information of the detailed prefix under the super prefix to a PoP node dominating the routing information of the super prefix and the PoP node stores the routing information of the detailed prefix.
  • the data packets are first forwarded to a PoP node that issues the routing information of the super prefix.
  • the PoP node saves the routing information of the detailed prefix covered by the super prefix, finds a corresponding detailed prefix route by searching the mapping relation, then establishes a tunnel between a PoP node and the border router corresponding to the detailed prefix route according to the detailed prefix route, and forwards the foregoing data packets to the border router through the tunnel.
  • Advantages of establishing and maintaining routes in the communications network by adopting the CRIO technology are as follows. Because other routers in the transmission network only need to maintain the routing information of the super prefix and do not need to maintain all routing information of the detailed prefix covered by the super prefix, the number of routes maintained by most routers is significantly reduced in the transmission network, processing burden and oscillation during data transmission in the communications network by adopting the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) are reduced, and convergence of BGP routes is accelerated.
  • Border Gateway Protocol BGP
  • the hop count that the transmitted data packets are forwarded is increased. Additionally, the PoP node needs to forward lots of data packets having a destination address that is in a network segment covered by stored routes of the super prefix, which raises very high requirements for forwarding capability of the PoP node. When the number of the forwarded data packets is too large, breakdown of the PoP node might occur.
  • the present invention is directed to a method for maintaining routes, so as to reduce flow of data packet forwarded by each PoP node in a case of maintaining routes by adopting the core-router integrated overlay (CRIO) technology.
  • CRIO core-router integrated overlay
  • the present invention is further directed to a system for maintaining routes, which reduces flow of data packets forwarded by each PoP node in a case of maintaining routes by adopting the CRIO technology.
  • the present invention is further directed to a device for maintaining routes, which reduces flow of data packets forwarded by each PoP node in a case of maintaining routes by adopting a CRIO technology.
  • a method for maintaining routes is provided.
  • the method is applied to a communications network including multiple PoP groups, where each of the multiple PoP groups includes one or more PoP nodes.
  • the method includes the following steps.
  • PoP nodes within the same PoP group issue routing information of the same super prefix.
  • PoP nodes within different PoP groups issue routing information of different super prefixes.
  • Each PoP node acquires routing information of a detailed prefix covered by a super prefix issued by the PoP node and synchronizes the routing information of the detailed prefix with other PoP nodes within the same PoP group.
  • a method for maintaining routes is provided, where the method includes the following steps.
  • Routing information of a super prefix issued by a PoP node is received and a routing table is generated. An address of the PoP node that issues the routing information of the super prefix is recorded in the routing table. Routing information of a detailed prefix within a connected edge network is registered with a proximate PoP node that issues the routing information of the super prefix covering the detailed prefix.
  • a system for maintaining routes is provided, where the system includes multiple routers and multiple PoP nodes.
  • the PoP nodes are configured to form different PoP groups, where PoP nodes within the same PoP group issue routing information of the same super prefix, and PoP nodes within different PoP groups issue routing information of different super prefixes.
  • the PoP nodes acquire routing information of a detailed prefix covered by a super prefix issued by the PoP nodes and synchronize the routing information of the detailed prefix with other PoP nodes within the same PoP group.
  • the routers are configured to receive routing information of the super prefix issued by the PoP nodes.
  • a PoP node for maintaining routes includes a route maintenance module, an issue module, a receiving module, and a synchronization module.
  • the route maintenance module is configured to store routing information of a super prefix.
  • the issue module is configured to issue routing information of a super prefix stored in the route maintenance module.
  • the receiving module is configured to receive routing information of a detailed prefix covered by the super prefix issued by the issue module and store the received routing information of the detailed prefix in the route maintenance module.
  • the synchronization module is configured to synchronize the routing information of the detailed prefix stored in the route maintenance module with other PoP nodes within the same PoP group.
  • a border router for maintaining routes is provided, where the border router includes a route maintenance module, a receiving module, and a registration module.
  • the route maintenance module is configured to store an optimal route determined in routing information of a super prefix.
  • the receiving module is configured to receive routing information of a super prefix issued by a PoP node, determine the optimal route in the received routing information of the same multiple super prefixes, and save the optimal route in the route maintenance module.
  • the registration module is configured to register the routing information of the detailed prefix covered by the super prefix in the route maintenance module with a proximate PoP node that issues the routing information of the super prefix.
  • the embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages.
  • multiple PoP groups are set in a transmission network, one or more PoP nodes are set within each PoP group, and PoP nodes within the same PoP group issue routing information of the same super prefix, respectively.
  • the PoP nodes within different PoP groups issue routing information of different super prefixes.
  • the PoP nodes within the same group maintain the routing information of the detailed prefix covered by the same super prefix.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a network adopting the CRIO technology to maintain routes in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a system for maintaining routes according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for maintaining routes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a structure for maintaining routes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a PoP node according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a border router according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • PoP nodes within the same PoP group issue routing information of the same super prefix respectively; and PoP nodes within different PoP groups issue routing information of different super prefixes.
  • the PoP nodes within the same group maintain the routing information of the detailed prefix covered by the same super prefix. In this way, when different data packets are transmitted, different PoP nodes within the same group can share load of the data packets and forward the data packets, so as to reduce flow of the data packets forwarded by each PoP node.
  • multiple PoP nodes within the same PoP group synchronize the maintained routing information of the detailed prefix covered by the same super prefix periodically or by adopting a set rule
  • the process that multiple PoP nodes within the same PoP group synchronize the maintained routing information of the detailed prefix covered by the same super prefix.
  • the process also may be performed by adopting the protocols in the prior art, such as the BGP and other protocols.
  • the routing information of the detailed prefix covered by the same super prefix maintained by the multiple PoP nodes within the same PoP group can be preset and can also be obtained by registering the routing information of the detailed prefix within a connected edge network and covered by the super prefix with the PoP node by a border router.
  • the multiple PoP nodes within the same PoP group maintain the routing information of the detailed prefix covered by the same super prefix, that is, a routing table having mapping relations is set.
  • the routing table includes the routing information of the detailed prefix corresponding to the super prefix.
  • the routing information of the detailed prefix includes the detailed prefix, a routable address of the border router, and information such as priority and overhead.
  • the number of multiple PoP nodes within one group maintaining the routing information of the detailed prefix covered by the same super prefix is determined according to data flow of the network and capability of processing data by each PoP node.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural view of a system for maintaining routes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the system includes a transmission network and edge networks.
  • the edge networks are connected to the transmission network through border routers.
  • the transmission network includes multiple PoP groups. Each group includes one or more PoP nodes. Additionally, the edge networks and the transmission network also include some ordinary routers.
  • PoP group has two PoP nodes.
  • PoP nodes within the same PoP group maintain routing information of detailed prefixes covered by the same super prefix respectively.
  • PoP nodes within different PoP groups maintain routing information of detailed prefixes covered by different super prefixes.
  • the PoP nodes within the same PoP group issue the routing information of the same super prefix respectively.
  • the PoP nodes within the different PoP groups issue the routing information of the different super prefixes.
  • the border routers receive the routing information of the super prefix issued by PoP nodes, generate a routing table, and register routing information of a detailed prefix within a connected edge network with a proximate PoP node that issues the routing information of the super prefix covering the detailed prefix.
  • the different PoP nodes in the same PoP group synchronize the registered routing information of the detailed prefix.
  • source terminal equipment sends data to a source end border router in an edge network according to routing information between the source terminal equipment and the source end border router.
  • the source end border router sends a data packet to a proximate PoP node according to optimally matching routing information of the super prefix.
  • the proximate PoP node determines a route of the destination end border router corresponding to an optimal route matching a destination address through the maintained routing information of the detailed prefix covered by the super prefix, so as to establish a tunnel between the proximate PoP node and the destination end border router, and send the data packet to the destination end border router.
  • the destination end border router forwards data to destination terminal equipment according to its own stored routing information.
  • the border router after receiving the routing information of the super prefix issued by multiple PoP nodes within one PoP group respectively, the border router needs to determine the proximate PoP node in the multiple PoP nodes that issue the routing information of the super prefix according to the routing information (information such as the shortest path or the smallest path overhead) of the super prefix. After determining that the routing information of the super prefix issued by the proximate PoP node is an optimal route and staring the routing information, the border router registers the routing information of the detailed prefix within a connected edge network and covered by the optimal route with the proximate PoP node.
  • the routing information of the super prefix issued by the multiple PoP nodes can be issued to the border router, and can also be issued to other routers, including a core router, in the transmission network.
  • the transmission network can be a backbone network of the Internet and the PoP node is a super router or a host.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for maintaining routes provided according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method includes the following steps.
  • step 301 multiple PoP groups are set in a communications network and one or more PoP nodes are set within each PoP group.
  • PoP nodes within the same PoP group issue routing information of the same super prefix respectively.
  • PoP nodes within different PoP groups issue routing information of different super prefixes.
  • the routing information of the same super prefix issued by the multiple PoP nodes within the same PoP group can be preset.
  • PoP nodes acquire the routing information of the detailed prefix covered by the super prefix issued by the PoP nodes respectively and synchronize the routing information of the detailed prefix with other PoP nodes within the same PoP group.
  • the acquired routing information of the detailed prefix covered by the super prefix is preset in the PoP nodes that issue the routing information of the super prefix or dynamically registered by a border router in the communications network.
  • An existing protocol such as the BGP can be adopted for synchronizing the acquired routing information of the detailed prefix with the multiple PoP nodes within the same PoP group.
  • a router when detecting that the routing information of the detailed prefix within the connected edge network changes by adopting the prior art, a router performs registration update to the proximate PoP node that issues the routing information of the super prefix covering the detailed prefix.
  • the routing information of the detailed prefix maintained by the proximate PoP node is updated and update of the routing information is spread to other PoP nodes within the PoP group corresponding to the super prefix.
  • a source end border router When data packets are transmitted, after receiving a data packet carrying a destination address through source terminal equipment, a source end border router routes the data packet to a proximate PoP node that issues the routing information of the super prefix according to optimally matching routing information of the super prefix.
  • the proximate PoP node establishes a tunnel to reach a destination end border router through the maintained routing information of the detailed prefix covered by the super prefix.
  • the data packet is sent to the destination end border router.
  • the destination end border router forwards data to destination terminal equipment according to its own stored routes.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a structure for maintaining routes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Two PoP nodes are set in a communications network to maintain routing information of the same super prefix and routing information of a detailed prefix covered by the super prefix. It is assumed that these two PoP nodes are a PoP- 1 and a PoP- 2 . These two PoP nodes issue routing information of a super prefix with a network segment address 10.0.0.0/8 to the communications network.
  • a network prefix of an edge network A is 10.1.0.0/16 and a network prefix of an edge network B is 10.2.0.0/16.
  • a border router A of the communications network connected to the edge network A registers the routing information of the detailed prefix 10.1.0.0/16 with the PoP- 1 that issues 10.0.0.0/8 closer to the border router A.
  • a border router B of the communications network connected to the edge network B registers the routing information of the detailed prefix 10.2.0.0/16 with the PoP- 2 that issues 10.0.0.0/8 closer to the border router B.
  • the PoP- 1 and the PoP- 2 synchronize the registered routing information of the detailed prefix through existing protocols. After the synchronization, the routing information of the detailed prefix covered by the super prefix exist on both the PoP- 1 and the PoP- 2 , that is, a border router corresponding to 10.1.0.0/16 is the border router A, and a border router corresponding to 10.2.0.0/16 is the border router B.
  • the border router When connection between a border router and an edge network is interrupted, the border router issues a route delete message to a proximate PoP node that issues routing information of a super prefix covering an invalid detailed prefix, and carries routing information of the detailed prefix to be deleted.
  • the PoP node After receiving the route delete message, the PoP node deletes stored routing information of a corresponding detailed prefix and meanwhile notifies other PoP nodes within the same PoP group that the routing information of the detailed prefix is invalid.
  • the other PoP nodes delete the routing information correspondingly. In other words, the routing information of the detailed prefix covered by the same super prefix maintained by multiple PoP nodes can be updated in real time.
  • the example is a mode of registering routes with multiple PoP nodes, and the mode of registering routes with multiple PoP nodes may also be pre-configured of course.
  • a border router corresponding to 10.1.0.0/16 is configured to be the border router A on the PoP- 1 and a border router corresponding to 10.2.0.0/16 is configured to be the border router B on the PoP- 2 .
  • PoP nodes responsible for issuing the routing information of the super prefix 10.0.0.0/8 synchronize routing information.
  • the border router A After a data packet (the data packet carries a destination address) with a destination address 10.2.2.2 from the edge network A reaches the border router A along a default route (because only one route is present between the edge network and the border router A, the route is generally set as the default route), according to an optimal route matched by the destination address carried by the data packet, that is, a route of 10.0.0.0/8, the border router A forwards the data packet to a proximate PoP node that issues routing information of a super prefix 10.0.0.8, that is, the PoP- 1 , along the route of the super prefix 10.0.0.0/8.
  • the PoP- 1 searches the stored routing information to find that the optimal path to reach the destination address 10.2.2.2 is 10.2.0.0/16 and the corresponding border router is the border router B. After a data packet is sent to the border router B through the routing information of the detailed prefix reaching the border router B, the border router B forwards the data packet to destination terminal equipment according to a destination address carried by the data packet and according to routing information of the edge network B maintained by the border router B.
  • the border router B After a data packet (the data packet carries a destination address) with a destination address 10.1.1.1 from the edge network B reaches the border router B along a default route, according to an optimal route matched by the destination address carried by the data packet, that is, the route of 10.0.0.0/8, the border router B enables the data packet to reach a proximate PoP node that issues the routing information of the super prefix 10.0.0.8, that is, the PoP- 2 , along the route of the super prefix 10.0.0.0/8.
  • the PoP- 2 searches the stored routing information to find that the optimal path to reach the destination address 10.1.1.1 is 10.1.0.0/16, and a corresponding border router is the border router A.
  • the border router A After a data packet is sent to the border router A through a route reaching the border router A, the border router A forwards the data packet to destination terminal equipment according to a destination address carried by the data packet and according to routing information of the edge network A maintained by the border router A.
  • the present invention further provides a PoP node, where the PoP mode includes an issue module, a receiving module, a route maintenance module, and a synchronization module, as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the route maintenance module is configured to store routing information of a super prefix.
  • the issue module is configured to issue routing information of the super prefix stored in the route maintenance module.
  • the receiving module is configured to receive routing information of a detailed prefix covered by the super prefix issued by the issue module and store the received routing information of the detailed prefix in the route maintenance module.
  • the synchronization module is configured to synchronize the routing information of the detailed prefix stored in the route maintenance module with other PoP nodes within the same PoP group.
  • a border router is further provided according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the border router includes a receiving module, a route maintenance module, and a registration module as shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the route maintenance module is configured to store an optimal route determined in routing information of a super prefix.
  • the receiving module is configured to receive routing information of a super prefix issued by a PoP node, determine the optimal route in routing information of multiple super prefixes, and save the optimal route in the route maintenance module.
  • the registration module is configured to register the routing information of the detailed prefix covered by the super prefix in the route maintenance module with a proximate PoP node that issues the routing information of the super prefix.
  • PoP nodes within the same PoP group maintain routing information of the same super prefix and routing information of a detailed prefix covered by the super prefix respectively.
  • PoP nodes within different PoP groups maintain routing information of different super prefixes and routing information of detailed prefixes covered by different super prefixes. In this way, a data packet can be forwarded through a proximate PoP node within a PoP group, and a hop count of forwarding the data packet is reduced compared with route maintenance by adopting the CRIO technology in the prior art.
  • a certain data packet of a network segment address corresponding to the routing information of the super prefix is forwarded to a proximate PoP node that issues the routing information of the super prefix according to principles such as the shortest path or the smallest path overhead of routes, different PoP nodes forward data packets of the routing information of the same super prefix, so that load sharing among different PoP nodes is achieved.
  • the present invention may be implemented by using hardware only or by using software and a necessary universal hardware platform. Based on such understandings, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product.
  • the software product may be stored in a nonvolatile storage medium, which can be a Compact Disk Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM), Universal Serial Bus (USB) flash drive, or a removable hard drive.
  • the software product includes a number of instructions that enable a computer device (personal computer, server, or network device) to execute the methods provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

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CN2007101545068A CN101394341B (zh) 2007-09-17 2007-09-17 维护路由的方法、系统及装置
PCT/CN2008/072244 WO2009039747A1 (fr) 2007-09-17 2008-09-02 Procédé, système et équipement pour un maintien de route

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CN101394341B (zh) 2011-08-03
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