US20110038740A1 - Compressor - Google Patents

Compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110038740A1
US20110038740A1 US12/857,844 US85784410A US2011038740A1 US 20110038740 A1 US20110038740 A1 US 20110038740A1 US 85784410 A US85784410 A US 85784410A US 2011038740 A1 US2011038740 A1 US 2011038740A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
cylinder
connecting rod
compressor
rod driving
diameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/857,844
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English (en)
Inventor
Gerold Goertzen
Michael R. Nemcek
Bradley A. Kushner
William A. Null, Jr.
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Invacare Corp
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Invacare Corp
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Publication date
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Priority to US12/857,844 priority Critical patent/US20110038740A1/en
Assigned to INVACARE CORPORATION reassignment INVACARE CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KUSHNER, BRADLEY A., NEMCEK, MICHAEL R., NULL, JR., WILLIAM A., GOERTZEN, GEROLD
Assigned to PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION reassignment PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: ADAPTIVE SWITCH LABORATORIES, INC., ALTIMATE MEDICAL, INC., CENTRALIZED MEDICAL EQUIPMENT LLC, CHAMPION MANUFACTURING INC., FAMILY MEDICAL SUPPLY LLC, FREEDOM DESIGNS, INC., GARDEN CITY MEDICAL INC., INVACARE CANADIAN HOLDINGS, INC., INVACARE CANDIAN HOLDINGS, LLC, INVACARE CONTINUING CARE, INC., INVACARE CORPORATION, INVACARE CREDIT CORPORATION, INVACARE FLORIDA CORPORATION, INVACARE FLORIDA HOLDINGS, LLC, INVACARE HCS, LLC, INVACARE HOLDINGS, LLC, INVACARE INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION, INVACARE SUPPLY GROUP, INC., INVAMEX HOLDINGS LLC, KUSCHALL, INC., ROADRUNNER MOBILITY, INCORPORATED, THE AFTERMARKET GROUP, INC., THE HELIXX GROUP, INC.
Publication of US20110038740A1 publication Critical patent/US20110038740A1/en
Assigned to INVACARE CANADIAN HOLDINGS, LLC, INVACARE CREDIT CORPORATION, GARDEN CITY MEDICAL INC., INVACARE INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION, INVACARE HOLDINGS, LLC, KUSCHALL, INC., INVACARE CONTINUING CARE, INC., INVACARE HCS, LLC, INVACARE FLORIDA CORPORATION, INVAMEX HOLDINGS LLC, INVACARE CORPORATION, INVACARE SUPPLY GROUP, INC., THE HELIXX GROUP, INC., ADAPTIVE SWITCH LABORATORIES, INC., FREEDOM DESIGNS, INC., INVACARE FLORIDA HOLDINGS, LLC, FAMILY MEDICAL SUPPLY LLC, CENTRALIZED MEDICAL EQUIPMENT LLC, THE AFTERMARKET GROUP, INC., ALTIMATE MEDICAL, INC., ROADRUNNER MOBILITY, INCORPORATED, CHAMPION MANUFACTURING INC., INVACARE CANADIAN HOLDINGS, INC. reassignment INVACARE CANADIAN HOLDINGS, LLC RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
Assigned to INVACARE CREDIT CORPORATION, FAMILY MEDICAL SUPPLY LLC, FREEDOM DESIGNS, INC., THE AFTERMARKET GROUP, INC., INVACARE FLORIDA HOLDINGS, LLC, INVAMEX HOLDINGS LLC, INVACARE CORPORATION, GARDEN CITY MEDICAL INC., INVACARE CONTINUING CARE, INC., THE HELIXX GROUP, INC., KUSCHALL, INC., INVACARE HOLDINGS, LLC, ROADRUNNER MOBILITY, INCORPORATED, INVACARE FLORIDA CORPORATION, INVACARE CANADIAN HOLDINGS, LLC, INVACARE SUPPLY GROUP, INC., INVACARE CANADIAN HOLDINGS, INC., CHAMPION MANUFACTURING INC., ADAPTIVE SWITCH LABORATORIES, INC., INVACARE INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION, INVACARE HCS, LLC, ALTIMATE MEDICAL, INC., CENTRALIZED MEDICAL EQUIPMENT LLC reassignment INVACARE CREDIT CORPORATION RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/04—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
    • F04B27/0404—Details, component parts specially adapted for such pumps
    • F04B27/0414—Cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/04—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
    • F04B27/0404—Details, component parts specially adapted for such pumps
    • F04B27/0423—Cylinders

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of gas compressors.
  • Oxygen has many important medical uses including, for example, assisting patients that have congestive heart failure or other diseases. Supplemental oxygen allows patients to receive more oxygen than is present in the ambient atmosphere.
  • Systems and methods for delivering such oxygen typically include a compressor as a component.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,988,165 discloses the use of an inline compressor for this purpose
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,923,180 discloses the use of a radial compressor for this purpose
  • U.S. Patent Application Publication Pub. No. 2007/0065301 discloses an in-line compressor for this purpose.
  • U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,988,165 and 6,923,180 and U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. 2007/0065301 are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
  • a compressor for compressing gas comprises first, second, third and fourth cylinders.
  • the central axis of the first cylinder is generally parallel with a central axis of the second cylinder and a central axis of the third cylinder is generally parallel with the central axis of the fourth cylinder.
  • the axes of the first and second cylinders are oriented at an angle with respect to the axes of the third and fourth cylinders to form a V4 cylinder configuration.
  • First, second third and fourth pistons are disposed in the first, second, third and fourth cylinders.
  • a crankshaft has a main shaft and only two eccentric driving bodies that drive the first, second, third, and fourth pistons.
  • a compressor in one exemplary embodiment, includes a crankshaft having a main shaft that includes a crank axis about which the crankshaft rotates.
  • the crankshaft includes first and second circular driving bodies that extend radially outward from and are eccentric to the crank axis.
  • the first circular connecting rod driving body abuts the second circular connecting rod driving body.
  • Two drive or connecting rods are rotatably connected to each of the first and second circular connecting rod driving bodies, such that rotation of the first and second circular connecting rod bodies about the crank axis reciprocates the four drive or connecting rods.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a compressor in accordance with an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 1A is a second perspective view of the compressor shown in FIG. 1 , showing a crankshaft and drive rods of the compressor;
  • FIG. 1B is a sectional view taken approximately along the plane indicated by lines 1 B- 1 B in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 2 is a sectioned perspective view taken along the plane indicated by lines 2 - 2 in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 2A is a sectional view taken along the plane indicated by lines 2 - 2 in FIG. 1 ,
  • FIG. 3 is a sectioned perspective view taken along the plane indicated by lines 3 - 3 in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3A is a sectional view taken along the plane indicated by lines 3 - 3 in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an assembly of a crankshaft, drive rods, and pistons;
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the assembly shown in FIG. 4 ;
  • FIG. 6A is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a crankshaft
  • FIG. 6B is a sectioned perspective view taken along the plane indicated by lines 6 B- 6 B in FIG. 6A ;
  • FIG. 6C is a view taken along lines 6 C- 6 C in FIG. 6A ;
  • FIG. 6D is a view taken along lines 6 D- 6 D in FIG. 6C ;
  • FIG. 7A is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a crankshaft
  • FIG. 7B is a sectioned perspective view taken along the plane indicated by lines 7 B- 7 B in FIG. 7A ;
  • FIG. 7C is a view taken along lines 7 C- 7 C in FIG. 7A ;
  • FIG. 7D is a view taken along lines 7 D- 7 D in FIG. 7C ;
  • FIG. 8A is a sectioned perspective view taken along lines 2 - 2 with parts removed to illustrate a cylinder and piston assembly
  • FIG. 8B is the sectioned perspective view of FIG. 8A with components exploded to illustrate assembly of the piston in the cylinder;
  • FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a first cylinder head assembly that forms part of the compressor of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a second cylinder head assembly that forms part of the compressor of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 11A is a perspective view of a flow path defining spacer
  • FIG. 11B is a sectioned perspective view taken along lines 11 B- 11 B in FIG. 11A ;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of a first exemplary system of the present invention, including a compressor, for providing oxygen-enriched gas for use by a patient; and
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration of a second exemplary system of the present invention, including a compressor, for providing oxygen-enriched gas for use by a patient.
  • interconnection may be direct as between the components or may be in direct such as through the use of one or more intermediary components.
  • reference to a “member,” “component,” or “portion” shall not be limited to a single structural member, component, or element but can include an assembly of components, members or elements.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a compressor 10 .
  • the compressor 10 includes a cylinder assembly 12 and first and second cylinder heads, 110 A, 110 B.
  • the cylinder assembly 12 can take a wide variety of different forms.
  • the cylinder assembly includes a base 13 , a first sleeve 14 A, a second sleeve 14 B, a third sleeve 14 C, and a fourth sleeve 14 D.
  • the first sleeve 14 A includes a lower component 20 A and an upper component 30 A ( FIG. 2 )
  • the second sleeve 14 B includes a lower component 20 B and an upper component 30 B ( FIG.
  • the third sleeve 14 C includes a lower component 20 C and an upper component 30 C ( FIG. 3 )
  • the fourth sleeve 14 D includes a lower component 20 D and an upper component 30 D ( FIG. 3 ).
  • the sleeves may take a wide variety of different forms. Any configuration that provides the cylinders can be used. For example, one or more of the cylinders may be formed in only a single component.
  • the first and/or second sleeves and/or the third and fourth sleeves, may be a formed from a single piece or block.
  • the lower sleeve components 20 A, 20 B, 20 C, 20 D each have an opening 26 A- 26 D.
  • the openings 26 A- 26 D may take a variety of different forms.
  • One or more of the openings 26 A- 26 D may be configured to act as a guide. Further, one or more of the openings 26 A- 26 D may have the same size as one or more of the other openings 26 A- 26 D.
  • the opening 26 A is adjacent and inline with the opening 26 B and the guide opening 26 C is adjacent and inline with the opening 26 D in the illustrated embodiment.
  • an angle ⁇ between the guide openings 26 A, 26 B and the guide openings 26 C, 26 D is approximately 90 degrees in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the angle ⁇ may be and angle in the range between 80 and 100 degrees in one exemplary embodiment, such as an angle between 85 and 95 degrees.
  • the upper sleeve components 30 A- 30 D include openings or cylinders 36 A- 36 D.
  • the cylinders 36 A- 36 D may take a variety of different forms.
  • the cylinders 36 A- 36 D are inline with the openings 26 A- 26 D.
  • the angle ⁇ is defined between the cylinders 36 A, 36 B and the cylinders 36 C, 36 D.
  • the cylinders 36 A- 36 D are in a substantially “V4” configuration. That is, the central axes 37 A, 37 B of the cylinders 36 A, 36 B from a “V” shape with respect to the central axes 37 C, 37 D of the cylinders 36 C, 36 D (see FIG. 1B ).
  • the central axes 37 A- 37 D are each axially offset from one another in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the compressor includes a plurality of pistons 40 A- 40 D that are associated in a one to one relationship with the cylinders 36 A- 36 D.
  • a first piston 40 A is located in the first cylinder 36 A and is supported for sliding (reciprocating) movement in the first cylinder ( FIG. 2 ).
  • a second piston 40 B is located in the second cylinder 36 B and is supported for sliding (reciprocating) movement in the second cylinder ( FIG. 2 ).
  • a third piston 40 C is located in the third cylinder 36 C and is supported for sliding (reciprocating) movement in the third cylinder ( FIG. 3 ).
  • a fourth piston 40 D is located in the fourth cylinder 36 D and is supported for sliding (reciprocating) movement in the fourth cylinder ( FIG. 3 ).
  • the cylinders 36 A- 36 D and corresponding pistons 40 A- 40 D are of varying diameters and as a result, the stroke of each piston 40 A- 40 D in its respective cylinder results in a different displacement of gas during the stroke of each piston.
  • the concept of pistons 40 A- 40 D having different strokes from one another may optionally be implemented in the compressor 10 . If the strokes of the pistons are different from one another, one or more of the pistons may have the same diameter as one or more other pistons.
  • the first cylinder 36 A is the largest in diameter
  • the second cylinder 36 B is smaller than the first cylinder
  • the third cylinder 36 C is smaller yet
  • the fourth cylinder 36 D is the smallest.
  • the compressor may have more than four cylinders or fewer than four cylinders.
  • the compressor 10 may include one or more guides that are slideably disposed in the openings 26 A- 26 D.
  • the compressor includes guides 42 B- 42 D slideably disposed in the openings 26 B- 26 D and a guide is not included in the first opening 26 A in the illustrated embodiment.
  • guides may be included in all of the openings 26 A- 26 D or any number of guides may be included.
  • the illustrated guides 42 B-D are driven by a crankshaft 50 and connecting rods 52 B- 52 D, as described below.
  • the illustrated connecting rods 52 B- 52 D each include a first ring portion 53 B- 53 D and a second ring portion 55 B- 55 D for pivotal connection to the crankshaft 50 and the guides 42 B- 42 D respectively (See FIGS. 2 and 3 ).
  • the first piston 40 A is fixed for movement with the drive or connecting rod 52 A.
  • This arrangement is referred to as a “wobble piston,” because fixing the piston 40 A to the connecting rod 52 A causes some amount of canting or wobbling as the piston 40 A moves in the cylinder 36 A.
  • the first piston 40 A could be pivotally connected to the connecting rod 52 A in a conventional manner. In this embodiment, the first piston 40 A will slide in the cylinder 36 A without significant canting or wobbling.
  • the illustrated connecting or drive rod 52 A includes a ring portion 53 A for rotatable connection to a crankshaft 50 .
  • the illustrated guide 42 B includes a first portion 43 B and a second portion 44 B.
  • the first portion 43 B of the guide 42 B is located in the opening 26 B and is supported for sliding (reciprocating) movement in the opening.
  • the second portion 44 B of the guide 42 B is located in the cylinder 36 B and is supported for sliding (reciprocating) movement in the cylinder 36 B.
  • the second piston 40 B is separate from the guide 42 B and is not attached to the guide.
  • the guide 42 B forces the second piston 40 B toward the end surface 32 B or head end of the cylinder 36 B.
  • the illustrated guide 42 C includes a first portion 43 C and a second portion 44 C.
  • the first portion 43 C of the guide 42 C is located in the opening 26 C and is supported for sliding (reciprocating) movement in the opening.
  • the second portion 44 C of the guide 42 C is located in the cylinder 36 C and is supported for sliding (reciprocating) movement in the cylinder 36 C.
  • the third piston 40 C is separate from the guide 42 C and is not attached to the guide.
  • the guide 42 C forces the third piston 40 C toward the end surface 32 C or head end of the cylinder 36 C.
  • gas pressure applied to the cylinder 36 C by the second piston 40 B forces the third piston 40 C toward the end surface 34 C or crankshaft end of the cylinder.
  • the third piston 40 C remains in contact with the second portion 44 C of the guide 42 C during both the entire compression stroke and the entire charging stroke.
  • the third piston 40 C is fixed or connected for movement with the guide 42 C.
  • the illustrated guide 42 D includes a first portion 43 D and a second portion 44 D.
  • the first portion 43 D of the guide 42 D is located in the opening 26 D and is supported for sliding (reciprocating) movement in the opening.
  • the second portion 44 D of the guide 42 D is located in the cylinder 36 D and is supported for sliding (reciprocating) movement in the cylinder 36 D.
  • the fourth piston 40 D is separate from the guide 42 D and is not attached to the guide.
  • the guide 42 D forces the fourth piston 40 D toward the end surface 32 D or head end of the cylinder 36 C.
  • gas pressure applied to the cylinder 36 D by the third piston 40 C forces the fourth piston 40 D toward the end surface 34 D or crankshaft end of the cylinder.
  • the fourth piston 40 D remains in contact with the second portion 44 D of the guide 42 D during both the entire compression stroke and the entire charging stroke.
  • the fourth piston 40 D is fixed or connected for movement with the guide 42 D.
  • crankshaft 50 (described below in detail) is supported for rotation about a crank axis X in first and second bearings 62 , 68 .
  • the first and second bearings 62 , 68 are mounted to the base 13 by first and second and second bearing supports 54 and 56 that are located at either end of the compressor base 13 .
  • the crankshaft 50 fauns part of a drive mechanism 79 of the compressor 10 for driving the pistons 40 A- 40 D for movement in the cylinders 36 A- 36 D.
  • the drive mechanism 79 includes the crankshaft 50 , the drive or connecting rods 52 A- 52 D, and the guides 42 B- 42 D.
  • the crankshaft could be connected to the pistons or coupled to the pistons 40 A- 40 D in other manners, for example with connecting or drive rods but not guides.
  • FIGS. 6A-6D and 7 A- 7 D illustrate two embodiments of crankshafts 50 .
  • the crankshaft 50 is made from a single piece (or welded together to form a single piece).
  • the crankshaft 50 may be made from multiple pieces that are assembled together and can be disassembled.
  • the crankshaft 50 includes a main shaft 70 having a generally cylindrical configuration defined by a cylindrical outer surface centered on a crank axis X of the compressor 10 .
  • the crankshaft 50 rotates about the crank axis X during operation of the compressor 10 .
  • the main shaft 70 has externally threaded opposite end portions 78 and 80 . Referring to FIGS. 1-3 , the main shaft 70 is received and supported in the first and second bearings 62 and 68 .
  • the crankshaft 50 also includes first and second circular connecting rod driving bodies 84 A, 84 B that extend radially outward from and are eccentric to the crank axis X.
  • the bodies 84 A, 84 B are identical to each other, for ease of manufacturing. However, the bodies 84 A. 84 B may have different sizes, for example such that the body 84 A provides a different stroke than body 84 B.
  • each of the eccentric bodies 84 A, 84 B has a cylindrical configuration with each cylinder having a central axis 85 A, 85 B that is parallel to, but spaced apart from the crank axis X.
  • the central axis 85 A and the central axis 85 B are positioned away from the crank axis X by the same distance dl and an angle ⁇ of approximately 180 degrees (See FIG. 6D ) is formed between the central axis 85 A, the crank axis X, and the central axis 85 B.
  • the bodies 84 A, 84 B can be positioned with respect to the crank axis in any manner to achieve desired motions of crank or drive rods 54 A- 54 D that are coupled to the bodies.
  • the main shaft portion 70 that is mounted in the bearings 62 , 68 has a diameter that is less than a diameter of the circular connecting rod driving bodies 84 A, 84 B.
  • first and second circular connecting rod driving bodies 84 A, 84 B are the only connecting rod driving bodies of the crankshaft.
  • each of the connecting rod driving bodies drives two connecting or drive rods 54 A- 54 D as will be described in more detail below.
  • any number of connecting rod driving bodies can be included.
  • one connecting rod driving body may be included for each connecting or drive rod.
  • one or more connecting rod driving bodies may drive one connecting or drive rod and one or more connecting rod driving bodies may drive two or more connecting or drive rods.
  • the connecting rod drive bodies 84 A, 84 B may take a wide variety of different forms.
  • the connecting rod driving bodies 84 A, 84 B are each formed as a single continuous cylinder.
  • the illustrated continuous cylinders are integrally formed with the main shaft 70 .
  • the connecting rod driving bodies are two separately formed continuous cylindrical members that are assembled with the main shaft 70 .
  • the two separately formed continuous cylindrical members may be identical or may have different sizes to provide different strokes.
  • the first connecting rod driving body 84 A is connected to the second connecting rod driving body 84 D by a circular disk 86 disposed between the first connecting rod driving body 84 A and the second connecting rod driving body 84 B.
  • the connecting rod driving bodies 84 A, 84 B may be separate from one another and then fixed to the circular disk 86 or the connecting rod driving body 84 A, the circular disk 86 , and the connecting rod driving body 84 A may be integrally formed.
  • the circular disk 86 is centered on the crank axis X. Referring to FIG. 7D , the illustrated circular disk has an outer circumference 87 that is radially outward of the outer circumferences of both of the first and second connecting rod driving bodies 84 A, 84 B.
  • a connecting rod 52 A is connected between the first piston 40 A and the first eccentric connecting rod driving body 84 A and a connecting rod 52 B is connected between the guide 42 B (which drives the second piston 40 B) and the second eccentric connecting rod driving body 84 B.
  • the ring 53 A is disposed around the body 84 A to rotatably connect the rod 52 A to the body 84 A.
  • a bearing may be disposed between the ring 53 A and the body 84 A.
  • the ring 53 B is disposed around the body 84 B to rotatably connect the rod 52 B to the body 84 B.
  • a bearing may be disposed between the ring 53 B and the body 84 B.
  • a pin 90 B extends through the ring portion 55 B to pivotally connect the guide 42 B the rod 52 B.
  • a connecting rod 52 C is connected between the guide 42 C (which drives the third piston 40 C) and the first eccentric connecting rod driving body 84 A and a connecting rod 52 D is connected between the guide 42 D (which drives the fourth piston 40 D) and the second eccentric connecting rod driving body 84 B.
  • the ring 53 C is disposed around the body 84 A to rotatably connect the rod 52 C to the body 84 A.
  • a bearing may be disposed between the ring 53 C and the body 84 A.
  • a pin 90 C extends through the ring portion 55 C to pivotally connect the guide 42 C to the rod 52 C.
  • the ring 53 D is disposed around the body 84 B to rotatably connect the rod 52 D to the body 84 B.
  • a bearing may be disposed between the ring 53 D and the body 84 B.
  • a pin 90 D extends through the ring 55 D to pivotally connect the guide 42 D to the rod 52 D.
  • the first eccentric connecting rod driving body 84 A drives both the first and third pistons 40 A, 40 C.
  • the motion of the third piston 40 C follows or lags the motion of the first piston 40 A by rotation of the crankshaft by the angle of the “V” ⁇ (approximately 90 degrees in the illustrated embodiment).
  • the second eccentric connecting rod driving body 84 B drives both the second and fourth pistons 40 B, 40 D.
  • the motion of the second piston 40 B follows or lags the motion of the first piston 40 A by rotation of the crankshaft by the angle of the angular spacing ⁇ (approximately 180 degrees in the illustrated embodiment).
  • the motion of the fourth piston 40 D follows or lags the motion of the second piston 40 B by rotation of the crankshaft by the angle of the “V” ⁇ (approximately 90 degrees in the illustrated embodiment).
  • a drive pulley (not shown) may be located on one of the end portions 78 of the main shaft 70 to facilitate the application of a drive torque to the main shaft 70 , to reciprocate the pistons 40 A- 40 D.
  • the compressor 10 includes a cylinder head assembly 100 .
  • the cylinder head assembly 100 includes a first cylinder head 110 A and a second cylinder head 110 B that is fastened to the cylinder assembly 12 with a plurality of fasteners.
  • the compressor 10 includes fasteners, such as bolts 102 that extend through holes in the cylinder heads 110 A, 110 B and are threaded into the base 13 . When the bolts 102 are tightened down, the cylinder head 110 A is clamped to the first and second sleeves 14 A, 14 B and the cylinder head 110 B is clamped to the third and fourth sleeves 14 C, 14 D.
  • each of the separate pistons 40 B- 40 D can be removed from the cylinders 36 B- 36 D by removing the fasteners 102 (See FIG. 1 ) that hold the head 110 A and/or 110 B down.
  • the second cylinder 36 B and piston 40 B is illustrated in FIGS. 8A and 8B , but the other pistons and cylinders can be repaired or serviced in the same manner.
  • the head 110 A, the cylinder 36 B, and the piston 40 B can be removed and separated as illustrated by FIG. 8B .
  • This arrangement allows the piston 40 B and/or cylinder 36 B to be replaced or serviced without requiring the drive or connecting rod 52 B to be removed from the crankshaft 50 .
  • each cylinder head 110 A, 110 E is formed as one piece from metal.
  • each cylinder head 110 A, 110 B has a rectangular configuration including a lower side surface 112 .
  • a component chamber 114 extends the length of each cylinder head 110 A, 110 B.
  • the component chambers 114 each have a cylindrical configuration centered on an axis 116 .
  • Each component chamber 114 has an inlet end portion 118 and an outlet end portion 120 .
  • the inlet end portion 118 of the first cylinder head 110 A forms an inlet of the compressor 10 .
  • the outlet end portion 120 forms an outlet of the first cylinder head 110 A.
  • the inlet end portion 118 of the second cylinder head 110 B fowls an inlet to the second head 110 B.
  • a conduit 119 connects the outlet of the first head 110 A to the inlet of the second head 110 B.
  • the threaded outlet end portion 120 of the second head 110 b forms an outlet of the compressor 10 .
  • the cylinder heads 110 a, 110 b have a plurality of charging ports 122 A- 122 D that extend between the component chamber 114 and the lower side surface 112 .
  • the number of charging ports 122 A- 122 D is equal to the number of cylinders 36 A- 36 D in the compressor 10 in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the charging ports 122 A- 122 D establish fluid communication between the cylinders 36 A- 36 D and the component chamber 114 .
  • a single charging port 122 is associated with each one of the cylinders 36 .
  • the first cylinder 36 A has a first charging port 122 A
  • the second cylinder 36 B has a second charging port 122 B
  • the third cylinder 36 C has a third charging port 122 C
  • the fourth cylinder 36 D has a fourth charging port 122 D.
  • a plurality of components are located in the component chamber 114 of the cylinder heads 110 A, 110 B.
  • the components direct fluid flow between the inlet 118 of the first head 110 A, the cylinders 36 A- 36 D and the outlet 120 of the second head 110 B.
  • the components include a plurality of check valves 130 A- 130 F for controlling flow of air into and out of the various cylinders 36 A- 36 D, and a plurality of components or structures for positioning the check valves in the chamber 114 and inhibiting gas flow around the check valves (i.e. leakage around the check valves).
  • the components for positioning the check valves are spacers and are configured to direct air to flow between the check valves.
  • the check valves may also be spaced apart in a variety of ways, other than using spacers.
  • one or more of the check valves may thread into the component chamber 114 , the component chamber may include a stop surface, etc. Any manner of positioning the check valves may be used.
  • arrangements for setting the position of the check valves with respect to the inlets 118 and outlets 120 of the cylinder heads 110 A, 110 B are not shown.
  • spacers or another positioning arrangement would be used to position the illustrated check valves and spacers as shown.
  • U.S. Patent Application Publication, Pub. No. 2007/0065301 shows that inlet and outlet connectors 180 , 196 may engage spacers that fix the position of the valves.
  • the components located in the component chamber may also include a plurality of seals that prevent leakage around the check valves.
  • each illustrated check valve 130 A- 130 F includes a valve body 132 having a generally cylindrical configuration with a central chamber 134 .
  • An end wall 136 is located at the upstream end of the valve body 132 .
  • the end wall 136 has a central opening 138 .
  • the downstream end of the valve body 132 is open.
  • the check valve 130 A- 130 F each include a movable valve element in the form of a ball 146 .
  • the dimensions of the ball 146 are selected so that when the ball is in engagement with the end wall 136 of the valve body 132 , the ball closes the opening 138 . When the ball 146 is away from the end wall 136 , fluid flow is enabled through the check valve. A spring biases the ball into engagement with the end wall 136 to close the valve. Further details of acceptable check valves are described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0065301.
  • Spacers 150 A- 150 D are positioned in the chamber 114 and space the check valves 130 A- 130 F apart.
  • FIGS. 11A and 11B illustrate the spacers 150 B- 150 D.
  • the spacers 150 B- 150 D are preferably identical to each other.
  • Each spacer 150 B- 150 D is a cylindrical block of metal that has an outside diameter substantially equal in size to the inside diameter of the component chamber 114 in the cylinder heads 110 A, 110 B.
  • the spacers 150 B- 150 D has an upstream end portion 152 and a downstream end portion 154 .
  • the end portions 152 , 154 are identical, since the spacer is symmetrical about a midplane 153 .
  • the spacer 150 has a small diameter central opening 155 that extends for the length of the spacer between the upstream end portion 152 and the downstream end portion 154 .
  • the symmetric end portions 152 , 154 both include passages 158 that extend radially outward from the central opening 155 and an external groove 160 in fluid communication with the passage 158 .
  • fluid communication is established between the central opening 155 of the spacer 150 , and the external groove 160 .
  • the spacer 150 A is shorter than the spacers 150 B- 150 D.
  • the spacer 150 A is a cylindrical block of metal that has an outside diameter substantially equal in size to the inside diameter of the component chamber 114 in the cylinder head 110 .
  • the spacer 150 A has symmetrical upstream and downstream end portions 164 , 166 .
  • a small diameter central opening 170 extends for the length of the short spacer between the upstream end portion 164 and the downstream end portion 166 .
  • the spacer 150 A also has an internal passage 172 that extends radially outward from the central passage 170 and terminates in a groove 174 on the outer surface of the spacer 150 A. As a result, fluid communication is established between the upstream and downstream end portions 164 and 166 of the spacer 150 A, and the external groove 174 .
  • an inlet connector 180 is secured in the upstream end of each of the cylinder heads 110 A, 110 B.
  • the inlet connector has a fluid inlet passage 182 that communicates with the component chamber.
  • An outlet connector 196 is secured in the downstream end of each of the cylinder heads 110 A, 110 B.
  • the outlet connector 196 has a fluid outlet passage 198 that communicates with the component chamber 114 .
  • the components are positioned in the component chamber 114 in the cylinder heads 110 A, 110 B.
  • An inlet check valve 130 E is positioned in the component chamber 114 in the first cylinder head 110 A.
  • the inlet opening 138 of the inlet check valve 130 E is in communication with the inlet 118 of compressor 10 .
  • a seal may be provided between the check valve and the component chamber 114 .
  • the spacer 150 A is positioned in the component chamber 114 in the cylinder head 110 such that an upstream end of the spacer 154 A engages the downstream end of the inlet check valve 130 E.
  • the external groove 174 on the spacer 162 aligns with the first charging port 122 A in the cylinder head 110 A. As a result, fluid communication can be established between the component chamber 114 and the first cylinder 36 A. (See FIG. 2A ).
  • a second check valve, or first cylinder check valve, 130 A is positioned in the component chamber 114 in the cylinder head 110 A.
  • the upstream end of the second check valve 130 A engages the downstream end of the spacer 150 A.
  • the inlet opening 138 of the second check valve 130 A aligns with the central passage 170 in the spacer 150 B.
  • An optional seal is provided between the spacer 150 A and the second check valve 130 A.
  • a spacer 150 B is positioned in the component chamber 114 in the cylinder head 110 A.
  • the upstream end of the spacer 150 B engages the downstream end of the check valve 130 A.
  • the central opening 155 of the spacer 150 B aligns with the outlet of the check valve 130 A.
  • the external groove 160 at the downstream end of the second spacer 150 B aligns with the second charging port 122 B in the cylinder head 110 A.
  • a third check valve, or second cylinder check valve, 130 B is positioned in the component chamber 114 in the cylinder head 110 A.
  • the upstream end of the check valve 130 B engages the downstream end of the spacer 150 B.
  • the opening 138 of the check valve 130 B aligns with the central passage 155 in the spacer 150 B.
  • An optional seal is formed between the spacer 150 B and the check valve 130 B.
  • an optional fourth check valve, or second head inlet check valve 130 C is positioned in the component chamber 114 in the second cylinder head 110 B.
  • the inlet opening 138 of the inlet check valve 130 C is in communication with the inlet 118 of second head 110 B.
  • a seal may be provided between the check valve and the component chamber 114 .
  • a spacer 150 C is positioned in the component chamber 114 in the cylinder head 110 B.
  • the upstream end of the spacer 150 C engages the downstream end of the check valve 130 C.
  • the central opening 155 of the spacer 150 C aligns with the central opening of the check valve 130 C.
  • the external groove 160 of the spacer 150 C aligns with the charging port 122 C in the cylinder head 110 B. As a result, fluid communication can be established between the component chamber 114 and the third cylinder 36 C (See FIG. 3A ).
  • a fifth check valve, or third cylinder check valve, 130 D is positioned in the component chamber 114 in the cylinder head 110 B.
  • the upstream end of the check valve 130 D engages the downstream end of the spacer 150 C.
  • the opening 138 of the check valve 130 D aligns with the passage 155 in the spacer 150 C.
  • a seal may be provided between spacer 150 C and the check valve 130 D.
  • a spacer 150 D is positioned in the component chamber 114 in the cylinder head 110 B.
  • the upstream end of the spacer 150 D engages the downstream end of the third cylinder check valve 130 D.
  • the central opening 156 of the spacer 150 D aligns with the central chamber of the check valve 130 D.
  • the external groove 160 at the downstream end of the fourth spacer 150 D aligns with the fourth charging port 122 D in the cylinder head 110 .
  • a sixth check valve, or fourth cylinder check valve 130 F is positioned in the component chamber 114 in the cylinder head 110 B.
  • the upstream end of the fourth cylinder check valve 130 F engages the downstream end of the spacer 150 D.
  • the opening 138 of the check valve aligns with the central passage 155 in the spacer 150 D.
  • An optional seal is provided between the spacer 150 D and the check valve 130 D.
  • An outlet connector 196 is fixed to the downstream end of the cylinder head 110 B.
  • the outlet connector 196 has a fluid outlet passage 198 that is in fluid communication with the component chamber 114 of the cylinder head 110 B.
  • all the check valves 130 A-F of the compressor 10 are located in the cylinder heads 110 A, 110 B.
  • the gas flows from the central passage 170 (See FIG. 9 ) of the spacer 150 A, radially outward through the passage 172 , into the external groove 174 on the spacer.
  • the air then flows through the first charging port 122 A and into the first cylinder 36 A (See FIG. 2A ).
  • the gas flowing through the inlet check valve 130 E does not flow through the second check valve 130 A, even though the spacer 150 A is open for free flow to the second check valve. This is because the pressure downstream of the second check valve 130 A, i.e., the pressure in the second cylinder 36 B, is higher than the intake pressure. Therefore, the second check valve 130 A stays closed and the intake air flows into the first cylinder 36 A.
  • the second check valve 130 A is forced open to allow air to flow out of the first cylinder 36 A into the second spacer 150 B.
  • the air flows through the second spacer 150 B to the radially extending passages 158 (See FIGS. 11A and 11B ) and the external groove 160 in the downstream end 154 of the second spacer 150 B.
  • the air then flows from the groove 160 into the second charging port 122 B.
  • the timing of the first and second cylinders 36 A and 36 B is selected so that when the first cylinder 36 A is on its exhaust phase, the second cylinder 36 B is on its intake phase. This is achieved by the 180 degree offset ⁇ between the first and second eccentric bodies 84 A, 84 B.
  • the air that is compressed in the first cylinder 36 A and forced into the second spacer 150 B is able to flow into the second cylinder 36 B, to be further compressed, because the second cylinder is smaller in diameter than the first cylinder but has the same stroke in the illustrated exemplary embodiment.
  • the air flowing through the second spacer 150 B does not flow through the third check valve 130 B, even through the second spacer is open to the third check valve. This is because the pressure downstream of the third check valve 130 B, (i.e., the pressure in the third cylinder 36 C), is higher than the pressure at the third check valve. Therefore, the third check valve 130 B stays closed and the air flows into the second cylinder 36 B.
  • the air that is compressed in the second cylinder 36 B flows through the conduit 119 into the third cylinder 36 C, there to be further compressed.
  • the air that is compressed in the third cylinder 36 C flows into the fourth cylinder 36 D, there to be further compressed.
  • the air that is compressed in the fourth cylinder 36 D flows out of the compressor 10 through the outlet connector 194 .
  • a system 210 includes a concentrator 212 that is operable to provide oxygen-enriched gas, for example, from an ambient air input.
  • the oxygen-enriched gas is fed to a product tank 214 .
  • a regulator 216 emits oxygen-enriched gas from the product tank 214 into a flow line 218 and feeds the same to a flow meter 220 which subsequently emits the oxygen-enriched gas to the patient at a predetermined flow rate, for example a flow rate of from 0.1 to 6 liters per minute.
  • the flow meter 220 can be closed so that all the oxygen-enriched gas is directed to the compressor 10 .
  • the compressor may take a wide variety of fauns and may include any combination or subcombination of the features of the compressors described with respect to FIGS. 1-11 . Further, any combination or subcombination of the features of the compressors described with respect to FIGS. 1-11 can be used in a wide variety of different applications, including but not limited to the systems illustrated by FIGS. 12 and 13 .
  • Gas not directed to the patient is carried via line 222 to two-way valve 224 .
  • a very small portion of the gas in the flow line 220 is directed through line 226 and restrictor 228 into an oxygen sensor 230 which detects whether or not the concentration of the oxygen is of a predetermined value, for example, at least 84 percent as directed to the patient and at least 93 ⁇ 3% as directed to the compressor.
  • the two-way valve 224 When the oxygen sensor 230 detects a concentration at or above the predetermined level, the two-way valve 224 is kept open to permit the oxygen-enriched gas to flow through the valve 224 and line 232 into a buffer tank 234 wherein the pressure is essentially the same as the pressure in the product tank 214 . However, should the oxygen sensor 230 not detect a suitable oxygen concentration, two-way valve 224 is closed so that the oxygen concentrator 212 can build up a sufficient oxygen concentration. This arrangement prioritizes the flow of oxygen-enriched gas so that the patient is assured of receiving a gas having a sufficient oxygen concentration therein.
  • Buffer tank 234 can have a regulator 236 thereon generally set at 12 psi to admit the oxygen-enriched gas to the compressor 10 when needed.
  • the output of the compressor 10 is used to fill a cylinder or portable tank 238 for ambulatory use by the patient.
  • the pressure regulator 236 can be set at anywhere from about 13 to about 21 psi.
  • a restrictor 240 controls the flow rate of gas from the buffer tank 234 to the compressor 10 . Should the operation of the compressor 10 cause the pressure in the buffer tank 234 to drop below a predetermined value, a pressure sensor (not shown) automatically cuts off the flow of gas at a pressure above the pressure of the gas being fed to the patient. This prioritization assures that the patient receives priority with regard to oxygen-enriched gas.
  • FIG. 13 shows a system 210 a that is somewhat different from the system 210 of FIG. 12 .
  • the compressor 10 includes its own oxygen sensor and control circuitry, so that the elements 224 - 232 are not present as they are in the system shown in FIG. 12 .
  • the regulator 236 is not present on the buffer tank.
  • a flow restrictor may be provided between the concentrator and the buffer tank. (It should be noted that the buffer tank 234 is optional in all systems, and that the compressor could be fed directly from the product tank).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
US12/857,844 2009-08-17 2010-08-17 Compressor Abandoned US20110038740A1 (en)

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US20140301865A1 (en) * 2013-04-05 2014-10-09 Enginetics, Llc Hybridized compressor
WO2015172144A1 (fr) * 2014-05-09 2015-11-12 Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation Compresseur sans huile à configuration radiale
US9624918B2 (en) 2012-02-03 2017-04-18 Invacare Corporation Pumping device
US20180017045A1 (en) * 2015-01-22 2018-01-18 Spx Flow Technology Norderstedt Gmbh Process pump having a crank drive

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CN103945886A (zh) * 2011-05-24 2014-07-23 英瓦卡尔公司 具有升压级的氧气压缩机
EP2714167A4 (fr) * 2011-05-24 2015-06-24 Invacare Corp Compresseur d'oxygène avec étage de surpression
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EP2467578A1 (fr) 2012-06-27
WO2011022361A1 (fr) 2011-02-24
CN102575520A (zh) 2012-07-11
AU2010284357A1 (en) 2012-03-08

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