US20100258370A1 - Vehicle with hybrid powertrain - Google Patents
Vehicle with hybrid powertrain Download PDFInfo
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- US20100258370A1 US20100258370A1 US12/422,374 US42237409A US2010258370A1 US 20100258370 A1 US20100258370 A1 US 20100258370A1 US 42237409 A US42237409 A US 42237409A US 2010258370 A1 US2010258370 A1 US 2010258370A1
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
- B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
- B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
- B60K2006/4833—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a hybrid powertrain on a vehicle with an engine and a motor/generator.
- Automotive hybrid powertrains typically have an engine and one or more motor/generators interconnected by transmission gearing and selectively engagable torque-transmitting mechanisms controlled to provide various vehicle operating modes, such as one or more electrically-variable modes of operation, fixed speed ratio modes, and an electric-only (battery-powered) mode.
- Hybrid powertrains may improve vehicle fuel economy in a variety of ways, primarily by using one or both of the motor/generators for vehicle braking and using the regenerated energy to power the vehicle electrically, with the engine off.
- the engine may be turned off at idle, during periods of deceleration and braking, and during periods of low speed or light load operation to eliminate efficiency losses due to engine drag.
- Braking energy captured via regenerative braking (or electrical energy generated during periods when the engine is operating) is utilized during these engine-off periods.
- Transient demand for engine torque or power is supplemented by the motor/generators during operation in engine-on modes, allowing for a smaller engine without reducing vehicle performance.
- the electrically-variable modes may allow the engine to be operated at or near the optimal efficiency point for a given power demand.
- a hybrid vehicle is provided with an engine, as well as a transmission having a motor/generator, a stationary member, and a planetary gear set.
- the planetary gear set has a ring gear member, a sun gear member, and a carrier member. At least one of the members of the planetary gear set is connected to either a front axle assembly, in turn connected with front wheels, or a rear axle assembly, connected with rear wheels.
- the transmission includes a plurality of selectively engagable torque-transmitting mechanisms, such as rotating-type clutches and stationary-type clutches, also referred to as brakes.
- the engine and the motor/generator are separately selectively connectable to one of the drive axle assemblies by engagement of different ones of the torque-transmitting mechanisms to transfer torque to the drive axle assembly.
- One or both of the engine and the motor/generator is also selectively connectable to the other drive axle assembly by engagement of another one of the torque-transmitting mechanisms to transfer torque to the other drive axle assembly.
- cost reductions may be achieved due to the reduced number of motor/generators and power electronics (e.g., only one power inverter, etc.). Because at least one of the torque-producing components (i.e., the engine or the motor/generator) is selectively connectable with the front axle assembly in some modes and the rear axle assembly in other modes, similar performance and operating modes are provided that heretofore have been available only with more complex, and, therefore, higher cost hybrid powertrains (e.g., powertrains with more components, such as two motor/generators, a separate set of power switches for each motor/generator, etc.). Previous designs also restrict drive torque to only one of the axle assemblies.
- the torque-producing components i.e., the engine or the motor/generator
- the engine, the motor generator(s), and the gear ratios of the planetary gear set(s) may be scaled for performance requirements of different vehicle platforms.
- two motor/generators and/or two planetary gear sets are included, allowing additional operating modes.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a first embodiment of a hybrid vehicle with a first embodiment of a hybrid powertrain
- FIG. 2 is a table indicating the engagement status of torque-transmitting mechanisms in the powertrain of FIG. 1 in various operating modes;
- FIG. 3 is a plot of vehicle speed versus speeds of various components of the vehicle of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a second embodiment of a hybrid vehicle with a second embodiment of a hybrid powertrain
- FIG. 5 is a table indicating the engagement status of torque-transmitting mechanisms in the powertrain of FIG. 4 in various operating modes
- FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a third embodiment of a hybrid vehicle with a third embodiment of a hybrid powertrain
- FIG. 7 is a table indicating the engagement status of torque-transmitting mechanisms in the powertrain of FIG. 6 in various operating modes
- FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a fourth embodiment of a hybrid vehicle with a fourth embodiment of a hybrid powertrain.
- FIG. 9 is a table indicating the engagement status of torque-transmitting mechanisms in the powertrain of FIG. 8 in various operating modes.
- FIG. 1 shows a hybrid vehicle 10 having a hybrid powertrain 12 for delivering power to front wheels 14 and rear wheels 16 of the vehicle 10 , as described herein.
- the vehicle 10 has a front axle assembly 18 including a differential 20 connected with first and second front axles 22 , 24 that are each attached with a respective one of the wheels 14 .
- the vehicle has a rear axle assembly 26 including a differential 28 connected with first and second rear axles 30 , 32 that are each attached with a respective one of the wheels 16 .
- the powertrain 12 includes an engine 34 , such as an internal combustion or diesel engine, as well as a transmission 35 that includes a single motor/generator 36 .
- the motor/generator 36 is represented schematically, and includes a stator portion as well as a rotor portion.
- the stator portion is grounded to a stationary member, such as a casing 38 of the transmission 35 .
- the casing 38 is shown only in fragmented form attached with various torque-transmitting mechanisms, discussed below.
- the rotor portion is selectively connectable to the planetary gear sets 60 , 70 , as described below. Those skilled in the art will readily understand the construction and function of stators and rotors.
- the transmission 35 selectively receives torque from the engine 34 .
- the hybrid transmission 35 also receives torque from the motor/generator 36 , which in turn is powered by an electric storage device 40 . If the motor/generator 36 is controlled to function as a generator, torque from the transmission 35 is converted to electric energy stored in the electric storage device 40 .
- the electric storage device 40 may be one or more batteries but will be referred to herein as a battery. Other electric storage devices that have the ability to store electric power and dispense electric power may be used in place of the batteries.
- the electric storage device 40 communicates with an electronic controller 42 by transfer conductor 44 A.
- the controller 42 communicates with a power inverter 46 by transfer conductor 44 B.
- the power inverter 46 in turn communicates with the electric storage device 40 via transfer conductor 44 C.
- Transfer conductor 44 E allows the power inverter 46 to provide the stored electric power to the motor/generator 36 in a motor mode, or transfer electric power from the motor/generator 36 to the electric storage device 40 in a generator mode.
- the controller 42 communicates with a valve body 48 via transfer conductor 44 D to control selective engagement or disengagement of torque transmitting devices 50 , 52 , 54 , 56 and 58 , described below, via hydraulic fluid pressure, as is understood by those skilled in the art. Selective engagement of the torque-transmitting mechanisms 50 , 52 , 54 , 56 and 58 along with control of the speed and torque of the motor/generator 36 and engine 34 determines the operating mode of the powertrain 12 .
- Sensors may be operatively connected with the torque transmitting mechanisms 50 , 52 , 54 , 56 , 58 , as well as the engine 34 and the motor/generator 36 to provide, via transfer conductor not shown, sensed characteristics to the controller 42 , such as temperature, torque load and relative speed of clutch plates.
- the powertrain 12 further includes a first planetary gear set 60 and a second planetary gear set 70 .
- the first planetary gear set 60 is a simple planetary gear set, shown in a lever and node form well understood by those skilled in the art, and includes a sun gear member 62 , also represented with an S, a ring gear member 64 , also represented with an R, and a carrier member 66 , also represented with a C, that rotatably supports pinion gears intermeshing with both the sun gear member 62 and the ring gear member 64 .
- the sun gear member 62 is grounded to the stationary member 38 by engagement of the torque-transmitting mechanism 56 , which is a stationary-type clutch, also referred to as a brake.
- the sun gear member 62 is connected for rotation with the rotor of the motor/generator 36 by engagement of the torque-transmitting mechanism 54 , which is a rotating-type clutch.
- the carrier member 66 is connected for rotation with an output member of the engine 34 by engagement of torque-transmitting mechanism 50 , which is a rotating-type clutch.
- the carrier member 66 is grounded to the stationary member 38 by engagement of torque transmitting mechanism 52 , which is a stationary-type clutch, also referred to as a brake.
- the ring gear member 64 is continuously connected for rotation with a carrier of the differential 20 of the front axle assembly 18 via a connecting member 80 , such as a propeller shaft.
- the front axles 22 , 24 are connected with side gears of the differential 20 that mesh with a pinion supported for rotation on the differential carrier, as is typical of differentials and is understood by those skilled in the art.
- Other types of planetary gear sets such as a compound planetary gear set, may be used in lieu of a simple planetary gear set 60 , depending on the desired gear ratio between the motor/generator 36 , engine 34 and front axle assembly 18 .
- the second planetary gear set 70 is a simple planetary gear set, also shown in the lever and node form well understood by those skilled in the art, and includes a sun gear member 72 , also represented with an S, a ring gear member 74 , also represented with an R, and a carrier member 76 , also represented with a C, that rotatably supports pinion gears intermeshing with both the sun gear member 72 and the ring gear member 74 .
- the sun gear member 72 is continuously grounded to the stationary member 38 .
- the carrier member 76 is connected for rotation with the rotor of the motor/generator 36 by engagement of the torque-transmitting mechanism 58 , which is a rotating-type clutch.
- the ring gear member 74 is continuously connected for rotation with a carrier of the differential 28 of the rear axle assembly 26 via a connecting member 82 , such as a propeller shaft.
- the rear axles 30 , 32 are connected with side gears of the differential 28 that mesh with a pinion supported for rotation on the differential carrier, as is typical of differentials and is understood by those skilled in the art.
- the connecting member 82 connects directly with the rotor of motor/generator 36 by engagement of the torque-transmitting mechanism 58 .
- the torque-transmitting mechanisms 50 , 52 , 54 , 56 and 58 are engagable in different combinations, along with different operating states of the engine 34 (on or off mode) and motor/generator 36 (motor or generator mode) to provide various operating modes.
- the vehicle 10 may be launched in an electric-only mode (also referred to as E-Launch/ZEV (zero emissions) Mode, or as rear electric drive mode) by engaging torque-transmitting mechanism 58 and controlling the motor/generator 36 to function as a motor.
- the engine 34 is off in the electric-only mode.
- the motor/generator 36 thus provides torque to the rear wheels 16 through the planetary gear set 70 and rear axle assembly 26 .
- the electric-only mode is illustrated in the first region A of the plot when vehicle speeds are from 0 to 25 miles per hour.
- Component speeds in revolutions per minute (rpm) during the electric-only mode are represented by curve 102 , showing the speed of the motor/generator 36 rising with vehicle speed throughout the mode.
- the speed of the connecting member 80 is represented by curve 104 , also steadily rising with vehicle speed.
- the speed of the vehicle wheels 14 , 16 is represented by curve 106 , reduced relative to the connecting member speed 104 via the reduction ratio of the differential 20 .
- Engine speed is 0 rpm during the entire electric-only mode, as the engine 34 remains disconnected from both axle assemblies 18 , 26 during this mode.
- the vehicle 10 may be shifted from the electric-only mode to an input-split operating mode by engaging torque-transmitting mechanisms 50 and 54 while simultaneously disengaging torque-transmitting mechanism 58 .
- the input-split operating mode which is front-drive
- the engine 34 provides torque to the carrier member 66
- the motor/generator 36 is controlled to function as a motor to provide torque to the sun gear member 62 or function as a generator.
- this shift occurs at about 25 mph, at which curve 108 indicates that the engine speed comes on at a constant 1600 rpm, representing the optimal operating speed for engine efficiency.
- the input-split mode is represented as Region B in FIG. 3 .
- Engine speed remains constant throughout the input-split mode, which extends from 25 mph to approximately 45 mph, representing a significant portion of typical driving speeds.
- there is no change in the motor/generator speed as represented by the apex of curve 102 .
- the controller 42 monitors speed of wheels 14 , 16 , and operates either in the input-split mode or in an engine-only mode.
- the torque-transmitting mechanisms 50 and 54 are engaged, and the motor/generator 36 is controlled to function either as a motor or as a generator, to maintain a desired cruising speed, with the engine 34 able to operate at its most efficient speed.
- torque-transmitting mechanism 50 and torque-transmitting mechanism 56 are engaged, to ground the sun gear member 62 to the stationary member 38 , so that only the engine 34 is providing torque, and the motor/generator 36 is disconnected from both front and rear axle assemblies 18 , 26 .
- torque-transmitting mechanism 50 To cruise at a constant, relatively high vehicle speed (e.g., above 45 mph), referred to as CRUISE HISPD,F in FIG. 2 , torque-transmitting mechanism 50 remains engaged and the engine-only mode is established by also engaging torque-transmitting mechanism 56 while torque-transmitting mechanism 54 is disengaged.
- the engine-only mode is represented as Region C in the plot of FIG. 3 . Engine speeds in this mode are greater than the optimally-efficient speed of the input-split mode. Speed of motor/generator 36 is zero, and the speed of the wheels 14 , 16 and the front connecting member 80 increase proportionately with increasing engine speed.
- Two regenerative braking modes are provided.
- the torque-transmitting mechanism 54 is engaged to connect the connect the sun gear member 62 for rotation with the motor/generator 36 , which is controlled to operate as a generator, converting torque at the sun gear member 62 to stored electrical energy in the energy storage device 40 .
- the motor/generator 36 which is controlled to operate as a generator, converting torque at the sun gear member 62 to stored electrical energy in the energy storage device 40 .
- torque-transmitting mechanisms 50 and 52 is engaged. If torque-transmitting mechanism 50 is engaged, engine torque is still provided to the carrier 66 , and may be regenerated by the motor/generator 36 as energy stored in the electric storage device 40 , to slow the wheels 14 via connecting member 80 .
- BRAKING R For regeneration of rear axle torque, referred to as BRAKING R in FIG. 2 , such as during the electric-only, rear drive mode, either, but not both, of torque-transmitting mechanisms 50 and 52 is engaged as discussed above, torque-transmitting mechanism 58 is engaged, and the motor/generator 36 is controlled to function as a generator, converting torque of the rear axle assembly 26 provided at the ring gear member 74 to stored electrical energy in the energy storage device 40 .
- FIG. 4 shows a hybrid vehicle 210 having a hybrid powertrain 212 for delivering power to front wheels 214 and rear wheels 216 of the vehicle 210 , as described herein.
- the vehicle 210 has a front axle assembly 218 including a differential 220 connected with first and second front axles 222 , 224 that are each attached with a respective one of the wheels 214 .
- the vehicle has a rear axle assembly 226 including a differential 228 connected with first and second rear axles 230 , 232 that are each attached with a respective one of the wheels 216 .
- the powertrain 212 includes an engine 234 , such as an internal combustion or diesel engine, as well as a transmission 235 that includes a single motor/generator 236 .
- the motor/generator 236 is represented schematically, and includes a stator portion as well as a rotor portion.
- the stator portion is grounded to a stationary member, such as a casing 238 of the transmission 235 .
- the casing 238 is shown only in fragmented form attached with various torque-transmitting mechanisms, discussed below.
- the rotor portion is selectively connectable to the planetary gear sets 260 , 270 , as described below.
- the transmission 235 selectively receives torque from the engine 234 .
- the motor/generator 236 may also provide torque, using electric power provided by an electric storage device 240 . If the motor/generator 236 is controlled to function as a generator, torque from the transmission 235 is converted to electric energy stored in the electric storage device 240 .
- the electric storage device 240 may be one or more batteries but will be referred to herein as a battery. Other electric storage devices that have the ability to store electric power and dispense electric power may be used in place of the batteries.
- the electric storage device 240 communicates with an electronic controller 242 by transfer conductor 244 A.
- the controller 242 communicates with a power inverter 246 by transfer conductor 244 B.
- the power inverter 246 in turn communicates with the electric storage device 240 via transfer conductor 244 C.
- Transfer conductor 244 E allows the power inverter 246 to provide the stored electric power to the motor/generator 236 in a motor mode, or transfer electric power from the motor/generator 236 to the electric storage device 240 in a generator mode.
- controller 242 communicates with a valve body 248 via transfer conductor 244 D to control selective engagement or disengagement of torque transmitting devices 250 , 252 , 254 , 256 and 258 , described below, via hydraulic fluid pressure, as is understood by those skilled in the art.
- Selective engagement of the torque-transmitting mechanisms 250 , 252 , 254 , 256 and 258 along with control of the speed and torque of the motor/generator 236 and engine 234 determines the operating mode of the powertrain 212 .
- Sensors may be operatively connected with the torque transmitting mechanisms 250 , 252 , 254 , 256 , 258 , as well as the engine 234 and the motor/generator 236 to provide, via transfer conductor not shown, sensed characteristics to the controller 242 , such as temperature, torque load and relative speed of clutch plates.
- the powertrain 212 further includes a first planetary gear set 260 and a second planetary gear set 270 .
- the first planetary gear set 260 is a simple planetary gear set, shown in a lever and node form well understood by those skilled in the art, and includes a sun gear member 262 , also represented with an S, a ring gear member 264 , also represented with an R, and a carrier member 266 , also represented with a C, that rotatably supports pinion gears intermeshing with both the sun gear member 262 and the ring gear member 264 .
- the sun gear member 262 is continuously grounded to the stationary member 238 .
- the ring gear member 264 is connected for rotation with the rotor of the motor/generator 236 by engagement of the torque-transmitting mechanism 258 , which is a rotating-type clutch.
- the carrier member 266 is continuously connected for rotation with a carrier of the differential 220 of the front axle assembly 218 via a connecting member 280 , such as a propeller shaft.
- the front axles 222 , 224 are connected with side gears of the differential 220 that mesh with a pinion supported for rotation on the differential carrier, as is typical of differentials and is understood by those skilled in the art.
- Other types of planetary gear sets such as a compound planetary gear set, may be used in lieu of a simple planetary gear set 260 , depending on the desired gear ratio between the motor/generator 236 , engine 234 and front axle assembly 218 .
- the second planetary gear set 270 is a simple planetary gear set, also shown in the lever and node form well understood by those skilled in the art, and includes a sun gear member 272 , also represented with an S, a ring gear member 274 , also represented with an R, and a carrier member 276 , also represented with a C, that rotatably supports pinion gears intermeshing with both the sun gear member 272 and the ring gear member 274 .
- the sun gear member 272 is selectively grounded to the stationary member 238 by engagement of torque-transmitting mechanism 256 , which is a stationary-type clutch, also referred to as a brake.
- the sun gear member 272 is selectively connected for common rotation with the rotor of the motor/generator 236 by engagement of the torque-transmitting mechanism 254 , which is a rotating-type clutch, referred to as a clutch.
- the carrier member 276 is selectively connected for rotation with the engine 234 by engagement of the torque-transmitting mechanism 250 , which is a rotating-type clutch.
- the carrier member 276 is selectively grounded to the stationary member 238 by engagement of the torque-transmitting mechanism 252 , which is a stationary-type clutch.
- the ring gear member 274 is continuously connected for rotation with a carrier of the differential 228 of the rear axle assembly 226 via a connecting member 282 , such as a propeller shaft.
- the rear axles 230 , 232 are connected with side gears of the differential 228 that mesh with a pinion supported for rotation on the differential carrier, as is typical of differentials and is understood by those skilled in the art.
- the torque-transmitting mechanisms 250 , 252 , 254 , 256 and 258 are engagable in different combinations, along with different operating states of the engine 234 and motor/generator 236 to provide various operating modes.
- the vehicle 210 may be launched in an electric-only mode (also referred to as E-Launch/ZEV Mode, or as front electric drive mode) by engaging torque-transmitting mechanism 258 and controlling the motor/generator 236 to function as a motor.
- the engine 234 is off in the electric-only mode.
- the motor/generator 236 thus provides torque to the front wheels 214 through the planetary gear set 260 and front axle assembly 218 .
- the vehicle 210 may be shifted from the electric-only mode to an input-split operating mode by engaging torque-transmitting mechanism 250 and 254 while simultaneously disengaging torque-transmitting mechanism 258 .
- the input-split operating mode which is rear drive
- the engine 234 provides torque to the carrier member 276
- the motor/generator 236 is controlled to function as a motor to provide torque to the sun gear member 272 or function as a generator.
- the controller 242 monitors speed of wheels 214 , 216 , and operates either in the input-split mode or in an engine-only mode.
- the torque-transmitting mechanisms 250 and 254 are engaged, and the motor/generator 236 is controlled to function either as a motor or as a generator, to maintain a desired cruising speed, with the engine 234 able to operate at its most efficient speed.
- torque-transmitting mechanism 250 and torque-transmitting mechanism 256 are engaged, to ground the sun gear member 272 to the stationary member 238 , so that only the engine 234 is providing torque, and the motor/generator 236 is disconnected from the rear axle assembly 226 .
- torque-transmitting mechanism 250 To cruise at a constant, relatively high vehicle speed (e.g., above 45 mph), referred to as CRUISE HISPD,R in FIG. 5 , torque-transmitting mechanism 250 remains engaged and the engine-only mode is established by also engaging torque-transmitting mechanism 256 while torque-transmitting mechanism 254 is disengaged.
- Speed of motor/generator 236 is zero, and the speed of the wheels 214 , 216 and the rear connecting member 282 increase proportionately with increasing engine speed.
- Two regenerative braking modes are provided.
- the torque-transmitting mechanism 254 is engaged to connect the connect the sun gear member 272 for rotation with the motor/generator 236 , which is controlled to operate as a generator, converting torque at the sun gear member 272 to stored electrical energy in the energy storage device 240 .
- the motor/generator 236 which is controlled to operate as a generator, converting torque at the sun gear member 272 to stored electrical energy in the energy storage device 240 .
- torque-transmitting mechanisms 250 and 252 is engaged. If torque-transmitting mechanism 250 is engaged, engine torque is still provided to the carrier 276 , and may be regenerated by the motor/generator as energy stored in the electric storage device 240 , to slow the wheels 216 via connecting member 282 .
- BRAKING F For regeneration of front axle torque, referred to as during the electric-only, front drive mode, either of torque-transmitting mechanisms 250 and 252 is engaged as discussed above, torque-transmitting mechanism 258 is engaged, and the motor/generator 236 is controlled to function as a generator, converting torque of the front axle assembly 218 provided at the ring gear member 264 to stored electrical energy in the energy storage device 240 .
- FIG. 6 shows a hybrid vehicle 310 having a hybrid powertrain 312 for delivering power to front wheels 314 and rear wheels 316 of the vehicle 310 , as described herein.
- the vehicle 310 has a front axle assembly 318 including a differential 320 connected with first and second front axles 322 , 324 that are each attached with a respective one of the wheels 314 .
- the vehicle has a rear axle assembly 326 including a differential 328 connected with first and second rear axles 330 , 332 that are each attached with a respective one of the wheels 316 .
- the powertrain 312 includes an engine 334 , such as an internal combustion or diesel engine, as well as a transmission 335 that includes a single motor/generator 336 .
- the motor/generator 336 is represented schematically, and includes a stator portion as well as a rotor portion.
- the stator portion is grounded to a stationary member, such as a casing 338 of the transmission 335 .
- the casing 338 is shown only in fragmented form attached with various torque-transmitting mechanisms, discussed below.
- the rotor portion is selectively connectable to the planetary gear sets 360 , 370 , as described below.
- the transmission 335 selectively receives torque from the engine 334 .
- the hybrid transmission 335 also receives torque from the motor/generator 336 , which in turn is powered by an electric storage device 340 . If the motor/generator 336 is controlled to function as a generator, torque from the transmission 335 is converted to electric energy stored in the electric storage device 340 .
- the electric storage device 340 may be one or more batteries but will be referred to herein as a battery. Other electric storage devices that have the ability to store electric power and dispense electric power may be used in place of the batteries.
- the electric storage device 340 communicates with an electronic controller 342 by transfer conductor 344 A.
- the controller 342 communicates with a power inverter 346 by transfer conductor 344 B.
- the power inverter 346 in turn communicates with the electric storage device 340 via transfer conductor 344 C.
- Transfer conductor 344 E allows the power inverter 346 to provide the stored electric power to the motor/generator 336 in a motor mode, or transfer electric power from the motor/generator 336 to the electric storage device 340 in a generator mode.
- controller 342 communicates with a valve body 348 via transfer conductor 344 D to control selective engagement or disengagement of torque transmitting devices 350 , 352 , 353 , 354 , 356 , 357 , 358 , and 359 , described below, via hydraulic fluid pressure, as is understood by those skilled in the art.
- Selective engagement of the torque-transmitting mechanisms 350 , 352 , 353 , 354 , 356 , 357 , 358 , and 359 along with control of the speed and torque of the motor/generator 336 and engine 334 determines the operating mode of the powertrain 312 .
- Sensors may be operatively connected with the torque transmitting mechanisms 350 , 352 , 353 , 354 , 356 , 357 , 358 , and 359 , as well as the engine 334 and the motor/generator 336 to provide, via transfer conductor not shown, sensed characteristics to the controller 342 , such as temperature, torque load and relative speed of clutch plates.
- the powertrain 312 further includes a first planetary gear set 360 and a second planetary gear set 370 .
- the first planetary gear set 360 is a simple planetary gear set, shown in a lever and node form well understood by those skilled in the art, and includes a sun gear member 362 , also represented with an S, a ring gear member 364 , also represented with an R, and a carrier member 366 , also represented with a C, that rotatably supports pinion gears intermeshing with both the sun gear member 362 and the ring gear member 364 .
- the sun gear member 362 is continuously connected for rotation with a carrier of the differential 320 of the front axle assembly 318 via a connecting member 380 , such as a propeller shaft.
- the ring gear member 364 is connected for rotation with the rotor of the motor/generator 336 by engagement of the torque-transmitting mechanism 358 , which is a rotating-type clutch.
- the ring gear member 364 is grounded to the stationary member 338 by engagement of the torque-transmitting mechanism 357 , which is a stationary-type clutch.
- the carrier member 366 is connected for rotation with engine 334 by engagement of torque-transmitting mechanism 350 , which is a rotating-type clutch.
- the carrier member 366 is grounded to the stationary member 338 by engagement of torque-transmitting mechanism 352 , which is a stationary-type clutch.
- the front axles 322 , 324 are connected with side gears of the differential 320 that mesh with a pinion supported for rotation on the differential carrier, as is typical of differentials and is understood by those skilled in the art.
- Other types of planetary gear sets such as a compound planetary gear set, may be used in lieu of a simple planetary gear set 360 , depending on the desired gear ratio between the motor/generator 336 , engine 334 and front axle assembly 318 .
- the second planetary gear set 370 is a simple planetary gear set, also shown in the lever and node form well understood by those skilled in the art, and includes a sun gear member 372 , also represented with an S, a ring gear member 374 , also represented with an R, and a carrier member 376 , also represented with a C, that rotatably supports pinion gears intermeshing with both the sun gear member 372 and the ring gear member 374 .
- the sun gear member 372 is selectively grounded to the stationary member 338 by engagement of torque-transmitting mechanism 359 , which is a stationary-type clutch, also referred to as a brake.
- the sun gear member 372 is selectively connected for common rotation with the rotor of the motor/generator 336 by engagement of the torque-transmitting mechanism 354 , which is a rotating-type clutch, referred to as a clutch.
- the carrier member 376 is selectively connected for rotation with the engine 334 by engagement of the torque-transmitting mechanism 353 , which is a rotating-type clutch.
- the carrier member 376 is selectively grounded to the stationary member 338 by engagement of the torque-transmitting mechanism 356 , which is a stationary-type clutch.
- the ring gear member 374 is continuously connected for rotation with a carrier of the differential 328 of the rear axle assembly 326 via a connecting member 382 , such as a propeller shaft.
- the rear axles 330 , 332 are connected with side gears of the differential 328 that mesh with a pinion supported for rotation on the differential carrier, as is typical of differentials and is understood by those skilled in the art.
- the torque-transmitting mechanisms 350 , 352 , 353 , 354 , 356 , 357 , 358 and 359 are engagable in different combinations, along with different operating states of the engine 334 and motor/generator 336 to provide various operating modes.
- the vehicle 310 may be launched in an electric-only mode (also referred to as E-LAUNCH, or as rear electric drive mode) by engaging torque-transmitting mechanisms 356 and 354 and controlling the motor/generator 336 to function as a motor.
- the engine 334 is off in the electric-only mode.
- the motor/generator 336 thus provides torque to the rear wheels 316 through the planetary gear set 370 and rear axle assembly 326 .
- the vehicle 310 may be shifted from the electric-only mode to cruise at a constant, relatively low vehicle speed (e.g., between 25 and 45 mph), referred to as CRUISE LOSPD,F in FIG. 7 .
- the controller 342 monitors speed of wheels 314 , 316 , and the torque-transmitting mechanisms 350 and 358 are engaged so that torque of the engine 334 is provided to front axle assembly 318 and torque is provided from motor/generator 336 to front axle assembly 318 or provided from front axle assembly 318 to motor/generator 336 .
- the motor/generator 336 is controlled to function either as a motor or as a generator, to maintain a desired cruising speed, with the engine 334 able to operate at its most efficient speed.
- the vehicle 310 may be shifted from the electric-only mode to cruise at a constant, relatively low vehicle speed (e.g., between 25 and 45 mph), referred to as CRUISE LOSPD,R in FIG. 7 .
- the controller 342 monitors speed of wheels 314 , 316 , and the torque-transmitting mechanisms 353 and 354 are engaged, so that torque of the engine 334 is provided to rear axle assembly 326 and torque is provided to motor/generator 336 from rear axle assembly 326 or provided from rear axle assembly 326 to motor/generator 336 .
- the motor/generator 336 is controlled to function either as a motor or as a generator, to maintain a desired cruising speed, with the engine 334 able to operate at its most efficient speed.
- CRUISE HISPD,R To cruise at a constant, relatively high vehicle speed (e.g., above 45 mph), referred to as CRUISE HISPD,R in FIG. 7 , if shifting from CRUISE LOSPD,R , torque-transmitting mechanism 353 remains engaged and the engine-only mode is established by also engaging torque-transmitting mechanism 359 while torque-transmitting mechanism 354 is disengaged.
- the engine 334 provides torque to the rear wheels 316 via the planetary gear set 370 .
- CRUISE HISPD,F To cruise at a constant, relatively high vehicle speed (e.g., above 45 mph), referred to as CRUISE HISPD,F in FIG. 7 , if shifting from CRUISE LOSPD,F , torque-transmitting mechanism 350 remains engaged and the engine-only mode is established by also engaging torque-transmitting mechanism 357 while torque-transmitting mechanism 358 is disengaged.
- the engine 334 provides torque to the front wheels 314 via the planetary gear set 360 .
- FIG. 8 shows a hybrid vehicle 410 having a hybrid powertrain 412 for delivering power to front wheels 414 and rear wheels 416 of the vehicle 410 , as described herein.
- the vehicle 410 has a front axle assembly 418 including a differential 420 connected with first and second front axles 422 , 424 that are each attached with a respective one of the wheels 414 .
- the vehicle has a rear axle assembly 426 including a differential 428 connected with first and second rear axles 430 , 432 that are each attached with a respective one of the wheels 416 .
- the powertrain 412 includes an engine 434 , such as an internal combustion or diesel engine, as well as a transmission 435 that includes a first motor/generator 436 and a second motor/generator 437 .
- the motor/generator 436 is represented schematically, and includes a stator portion as well as a rotor portion.
- the stator portion is grounded to a stationary member, such as a casing 438 of the transmission 435 .
- the casing 438 is shown only in fragmented form attached with various torque-transmitting mechanisms, discussed below.
- the rotor portion is continuously connected with ring gear member 464 of planetary gear set 460 .
- Motor/generator 437 also includes a rotor portion connected for rotation with sun gear member 472 of planetary gear set 470 , and a stator portion grounded to the stationary member 438 .
- a rotor portion connected for rotation with sun gear member 472 of planetary gear set 470
- stator portion grounded to the stationary member 438 .
- the transmission 435 selectively receives torque from the engine 434 .
- the hybrid transmission 435 also receives torque from the motor/generator 436 and/or from the motor/generator 437 , which in turn are powered by an electric storage device 440 . If the motor/generator 436 or the motor/generator 437 is controlled to function as a generator, torque from the transmission 435 is converted to electric energy stored in the electric storage device 440 .
- the electric storage device 440 may be one or more batteries but will be referred to herein as a battery. Other electric storage devices that have the ability to store electric power and dispense electric power may be used in place of the batteries.
- the electric storage device 440 communicates with an electronic controller 442 by transfer conductor 444 A.
- the controller 442 communicates with a power inverter 446 by transfer conductor 444 B.
- the power inverter 446 in turn communicates with the electric storage device 440 via transfer conductor 444 C.
- Transfer conductor 444 E allows the power inverter 446 to provide the stored electric power to the motor/generator 436 in a motor mode, or transfer electric power from the motor/generator 436 to the electric storage device 440 in a generator mode.
- Transfer conductor 444 F allows the power inverter 446 to provide the stored electric power to the motor/generator 437 in a motor mode, or transfer electric power from the motor/generator 437 to the electric storage device 440 in a generator mode. Additionally, the controller 442 communicates with a valve body 448 via transfer conductor 444 D to control selective engagement or disengagement of torque transmitting devices 450 , 452 , 453 and 456 , described below, via hydraulic fluid pressure, as is understood by those skilled in the art.
- Sensors may be operatively connected with the torque transmitting mechanisms 450 , 452 , 453 , and 456 , as well as the engine 434 and the motor/generators 436 , 437 to provide, via transfer conductor not shown, sensed characteristics to the controller 442 , such as temperature, torque load and relative speed of clutch plates.
- the powertrain 412 further includes a first planetary gear set 460 and a second planetary gear set 470 .
- the first planetary gear set 460 is a simple planetary gear set, shown in a lever and node form well understood by those skilled in the art, and includes a sun gear member 462 , also represented with an S, a ring gear member 464 , also represented with an R, and a carrier member 466 , also represented with a C, that rotatably supports pinion gears intermeshing with both the sun gear member 462 and the ring gear member 464 .
- the sun gear member 462 is is continuously connected for rotation with a carrier of the differential 420 of the front axle assembly 418 via a connecting member 480 , such as a propeller shaft.
- the ring gear member 464 is continuously connected for rotation with the rotor of the motor/generator 436 .
- the carrier member 466 is selectively connected for rotation with engine 434 by engagement of torque-transmitting mechanism 450 , which is a rotating-type clutch.
- the carrier member 466 is grounded to the stationary member 438 by engagement of torque-transmitting mechanism 452 , which is a stationary-type clutch.
- the front axles 422 , 424 are connected with side gears of the differential 420 that mesh with a pinion supported for rotation on the differential carrier, as is typical of differentials and is understood by those skilled in the art.
- Other types of planetary gear sets such as a compound planetary gear set, may be used in lieu of a simple planetary gear set 460 , depending on the desired gear ratio between the motor/generator 436 , engine 434 and front axle assembly 418 .
- the second planetary gear set 470 is a simple planetary gear set, also shown in the lever and node form well understood by those skilled in the art, and includes a sun gear member 472 , also represented with an S, a ring gear member 474 , also represented with an R, and a carrier member 476 , also represented with a C, that rotatably supports pinion gears intermeshing with both the sun gear member 472 and the ring gear member 474 .
- the sun gear member 472 is continuously connected for rotation with the rotor of motor/generator 437 .
- the carrier member 476 is selectively connected for rotation with the engine 434 by engagement of the torque-transmitting mechanism 453 , which is a rotating-type clutch.
- the carrier member 476 is selectively grounded to the stationary member 438 by engagement of torque-transmitting mechanism 456 , which is a stationary-type clutch, also referred to as a brake.
- torque-transmitting mechanism 456 which is a stationary-type clutch, also referred to as a brake.
- the ring gear member 474 is continuously connected for rotation with a carrier of the differential 428 of the rear axle assembly 426 via a connecting member 482 , such as a propeller shaft.
- the rear axles 430 , 432 are connected with side gears of the differential 428 that mesh with a pinion supported for rotation on the differential carrier, as is typical of differentials and is understood by those skilled in the art.
- the torque-transmitting mechanisms 450 , 452 , 453 and 456 are engagable in different combinations, along with different operating states of the engine 434 and motor/generators 436 , 437 to provide various operating modes.
- the vehicle 410 may be launched in an electric-only mode (also referred to as E-LAUNCH) by engaging torque-transmitting mechanisms 452 and 456 and controlling the motor/generators 436 , 437 to function as motors.
- the engine 434 is off in the electric-only mode.
- the motor/generator 436 thus provides torque to the front wheels 414 through the planetary gear set 460 and front axle assembly 418
- the motor/generator 437 provides torque to the rear wheels 316 through the planetary gear set 472 and rear axle assembly 426 .
- the use of two motor/generators 436 , 437 allows the engine speed to be maintained at an optimum efficiency speed over a wider range of vehicle speeds during the various CRUISE modes described below.
- the vehicle 410 may be shifted from the electric-only mode to cruise in a four wheel-drive mode with the engine operatively connected to the front drive assembly 418 , referred to as CRUISE 4WF in FIG. 9 .
- Drive torque is provided to all four wheels 414 , 416 in this operating mode.
- the controller 442 monitors speed of wheels 414 , 416 , and the torque-transmitting mechanism 450 is engaged, torque-transmitting mechanism 456 remains engaged, and torque-transmitting mechanism 452 is disengaged, so that torque of the engine 434 is provided to front axle assembly 418 .
- Torque may also be provided to front axle assembly 418 from motor/generator 436 or provided from front axle assembly 418 to motor/generator 436 .
- Torque may be provided to motor/generator 437 from rear axle assembly 426 or provided from rear axle assembly 426 to motor/generator 437 .
- the motor/generators 436 , 437 are each controlled to function either as a motor or as a generator, to maintain a desired cruising speed, with the engine 434 able to operate at its most efficient speed.
- the vehicle 410 may be shifted from the electric-only mode to cruise in a four wheel-drive mode with the engine operatively connected to the rear drive assembly 426 , referred to as CRUISE 4WR in FIG. 9 .
- Drive torque is provided to all four wheels 414 , 416 in this operating mode.
- the controller 442 monitors speed of wheels 414 , 416 , torque-transmitting mechanism 453 is engaged, torque-transmitting mechanism 452 remains engaged, and torque-transmitting mechanism 456 is disengaged, so that torque of the engine 434 is provided to rear axle assembly 426 .
- Torque may also be provided to rear axle assembly 426 from motor/generator 437 or provided from rear axle assembly 426 to motor/generator 437 .
- Torque may be provided to motor/generator 436 from front axle assembly 418 or provided from front axle assembly 418 to motor/generator 436 .
- the motor/generators 436 , 437 are each controlled to function either as a motor or as a generator, to maintain a desired cruising speed, with the engine 434 able to operate at its most efficient speed.
- the vehicle 410 may be shifted from the electric-only mode to cruise in a front wheel-drive mode with the engine operatively connected to the front drive assembly 418 , referred to as CRUISE F in FIG. 9 .
- Drive torque is provided to front wheels 414 in this operating mode.
- the controller 442 monitors speed of wheels 414 , 416 , and the torque-transmitting mechanism 450 is engaged while torque-transmitting mechanisms 452 , 456 are disengaged, so that torque of the engine 434 is provided to front axle assembly 418 .
- Torque may also be provided to front axle assembly 418 from motor/generator 436 or provided from front axle assembly 418 to motor/generator 436 .
- the motor/generator 436 is controlled to function either as a motor or as a generator, to maintain a desired cruising speed, with the engine 434 able to operate at its most efficient speed.
- the vehicle 410 may be shifted from the electric-only mode to cruise in a rear wheel-drive mode with the engine operatively connected to the rear drive assembly 426 , referred to as CRUISE R in FIG. 9 .
- Drive torque is provided to rear wheels 416 in this operating mode.
- the controller 442 monitors speed of wheels 414 , 416 , and the torque-transmitting mechanism 453 is engaged while torque-transmitting mechanisms 452 , 456 are disengaged, so that torque of the engine 434 is provided to rear axle assembly 426 .
- Torque may also be provided to rear axle assembly 426 from motor/generator 437 or provided from rear axle assembly 426 to motor/generator 437 .
- the motor/generator 437 is controlled to function either as a motor or as a generator, to maintain a desired cruising speed, with the engine 434 able to operate at its most efficient speed.
- a regenerative braking mode is provided that permits regeneration of both front and rear axle torque, referred to as BRAKING or DBL REGEN in FIG. 9 .
- torque-transmitting mechanisms 452 , 456 are engaged. Both carrier members 466 , 476 are thus grounded to the stationary member 438 , and torque is provided to the motor/generators 436 , 437 through the respective planetary gear sets 460 , 470 .
- the motor/generators 436 , 437 are controlled to operate as generators, converting torque at the ring gear member 464 and at the sun gear member 472 , respectively, to stored electrical energy in the energy storage device 440 .
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Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to a hybrid powertrain on a vehicle with an engine and a motor/generator.
- Automotive hybrid powertrains typically have an engine and one or more motor/generators interconnected by transmission gearing and selectively engagable torque-transmitting mechanisms controlled to provide various vehicle operating modes, such as one or more electrically-variable modes of operation, fixed speed ratio modes, and an electric-only (battery-powered) mode. Hybrid powertrains may improve vehicle fuel economy in a variety of ways, primarily by using one or both of the motor/generators for vehicle braking and using the regenerated energy to power the vehicle electrically, with the engine off. The engine may be turned off at idle, during periods of deceleration and braking, and during periods of low speed or light load operation to eliminate efficiency losses due to engine drag. Braking energy captured via regenerative braking (or electrical energy generated during periods when the engine is operating) is utilized during these engine-off periods. Transient demand for engine torque or power is supplemented by the motor/generators during operation in engine-on modes, allowing for a smaller engine without reducing vehicle performance. Additionally, the electrically-variable modes may allow the engine to be operated at or near the optimal efficiency point for a given power demand.
- There is a need for hybrid powertrains that offer the fuel economy benefits of various operating modes while containing overall cost by minimizing the number of required components and/or by providing design flexibility for a variety of vehicle platforms by scaling component size or capacity. A hybrid vehicle is provided with an engine, as well as a transmission having a motor/generator, a stationary member, and a planetary gear set. The planetary gear set has a ring gear member, a sun gear member, and a carrier member. At least one of the members of the planetary gear set is connected to either a front axle assembly, in turn connected with front wheels, or a rear axle assembly, connected with rear wheels. The transmission includes a plurality of selectively engagable torque-transmitting mechanisms, such as rotating-type clutches and stationary-type clutches, also referred to as brakes. The engine and the motor/generator are separately selectively connectable to one of the drive axle assemblies by engagement of different ones of the torque-transmitting mechanisms to transfer torque to the drive axle assembly. One or both of the engine and the motor/generator is also selectively connectable to the other drive axle assembly by engagement of another one of the torque-transmitting mechanisms to transfer torque to the other drive axle assembly.
- Especially in embodiments with only a single motor/generator, cost reductions may be achieved due to the reduced number of motor/generators and power electronics (e.g., only one power inverter, etc.). Because at least one of the torque-producing components (i.e., the engine or the motor/generator) is selectively connectable with the front axle assembly in some modes and the rear axle assembly in other modes, similar performance and operating modes are provided that heretofore have been available only with more complex, and, therefore, higher cost hybrid powertrains (e.g., powertrains with more components, such as two motor/generators, a separate set of power switches for each motor/generator, etc.). Previous designs also restrict drive torque to only one of the axle assemblies.
- The engine, the motor generator(s), and the gear ratios of the planetary gear set(s) may be scaled for performance requirements of different vehicle platforms. In some embodiments, two motor/generators and/or two planetary gear sets are included, allowing additional operating modes.
- The above features and advantages and other features and advantages of the present invention are readily apparent from the following detailed description of the best modes for carrying out the invention when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a first embodiment of a hybrid vehicle with a first embodiment of a hybrid powertrain; -
FIG. 2 is a table indicating the engagement status of torque-transmitting mechanisms in the powertrain ofFIG. 1 in various operating modes; -
FIG. 3 is a plot of vehicle speed versus speeds of various components of the vehicle ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a second embodiment of a hybrid vehicle with a second embodiment of a hybrid powertrain; -
FIG. 5 is a table indicating the engagement status of torque-transmitting mechanisms in the powertrain ofFIG. 4 in various operating modes; -
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a third embodiment of a hybrid vehicle with a third embodiment of a hybrid powertrain; -
FIG. 7 is a table indicating the engagement status of torque-transmitting mechanisms in the powertrain ofFIG. 6 in various operating modes; -
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a fourth embodiment of a hybrid vehicle with a fourth embodiment of a hybrid powertrain; and -
FIG. 9 is a table indicating the engagement status of torque-transmitting mechanisms in the powertrain ofFIG. 8 in various operating modes. - Referring to the drawings, wherein like reference numbers refer to like components throughout the several views,
FIG. 1 shows ahybrid vehicle 10 having ahybrid powertrain 12 for delivering power tofront wheels 14 andrear wheels 16 of thevehicle 10, as described herein. Thevehicle 10 has afront axle assembly 18 including adifferential 20 connected with first and secondfront axles wheels 14. Similarly, the vehicle has arear axle assembly 26 including adifferential 28 connected with first and secondrear axles wheels 16. - The
powertrain 12 includes anengine 34, such as an internal combustion or diesel engine, as well as atransmission 35 that includes a single motor/generator 36. The motor/generator 36 is represented schematically, and includes a stator portion as well as a rotor portion. The stator portion is grounded to a stationary member, such as acasing 38 of thetransmission 35. Thecasing 38 is shown only in fragmented form attached with various torque-transmitting mechanisms, discussed below. The rotor portion is selectively connectable to theplanetary gear sets - The
transmission 35 selectively receives torque from theengine 34. Thehybrid transmission 35 also receives torque from the motor/generator 36, which in turn is powered by anelectric storage device 40. If the motor/generator 36 is controlled to function as a generator, torque from thetransmission 35 is converted to electric energy stored in theelectric storage device 40. Theelectric storage device 40 may be one or more batteries but will be referred to herein as a battery. Other electric storage devices that have the ability to store electric power and dispense electric power may be used in place of the batteries. - The
electric storage device 40 communicates with anelectronic controller 42 bytransfer conductor 44A. Thecontroller 42 communicates with apower inverter 46 bytransfer conductor 44B. The power inverter 46 in turn communicates with theelectric storage device 40 viatransfer conductor 44C.Transfer conductor 44E allows thepower inverter 46 to provide the stored electric power to the motor/generator 36 in a motor mode, or transfer electric power from the motor/generator 36 to theelectric storage device 40 in a generator mode. Additionally, thecontroller 42 communicates with avalve body 48 viatransfer conductor 44D to control selective engagement or disengagement of torque transmittingdevices transmitting mechanisms generator 36 andengine 34 determines the operating mode of thepowertrain 12. - Sensors, not shown, may be operatively connected with the
torque transmitting mechanisms engine 34 and the motor/generator 36 to provide, via transfer conductor not shown, sensed characteristics to thecontroller 42, such as temperature, torque load and relative speed of clutch plates. - The
powertrain 12 further includes a firstplanetary gear set 60 and a secondplanetary gear set 70. The firstplanetary gear set 60 is a simple planetary gear set, shown in a lever and node form well understood by those skilled in the art, and includes asun gear member 62, also represented with an S, aring gear member 64, also represented with an R, and acarrier member 66, also represented with a C, that rotatably supports pinion gears intermeshing with both thesun gear member 62 and thering gear member 64. Thesun gear member 62 is grounded to thestationary member 38 by engagement of the torque-transmitting mechanism 56, which is a stationary-type clutch, also referred to as a brake. Thesun gear member 62 is connected for rotation with the rotor of the motor/generator 36 by engagement of the torque-transmitting mechanism 54, which is a rotating-type clutch. Thecarrier member 66 is connected for rotation with an output member of theengine 34 by engagement of torque-transmitting mechanism 50, which is a rotating-type clutch. Thecarrier member 66 is grounded to thestationary member 38 by engagement oftorque transmitting mechanism 52, which is a stationary-type clutch, also referred to as a brake. Thering gear member 64 is continuously connected for rotation with a carrier of thedifferential 20 of thefront axle assembly 18 via a connectingmember 80, such as a propeller shaft. Thefront axles differential 20 that mesh with a pinion supported for rotation on the differential carrier, as is typical of differentials and is understood by those skilled in the art. Other types of planetary gear sets, such as a compound planetary gear set, may be used in lieu of a simpleplanetary gear set 60, depending on the desired gear ratio between the motor/generator 36,engine 34 andfront axle assembly 18. - The second
planetary gear set 70 is a simple planetary gear set, also shown in the lever and node form well understood by those skilled in the art, and includes asun gear member 72, also represented with an S, aring gear member 74, also represented with an R, and acarrier member 76, also represented with a C, that rotatably supports pinion gears intermeshing with both thesun gear member 72 and thering gear member 74. Thesun gear member 72 is continuously grounded to thestationary member 38. Thecarrier member 76 is connected for rotation with the rotor of the motor/generator 36 by engagement of the torque-transmittingmechanism 58, which is a rotating-type clutch. Thering gear member 74 is continuously connected for rotation with a carrier of the differential 28 of therear axle assembly 26 via a connectingmember 82, such as a propeller shaft. Therear axles - In an alternative embodiment, there is no second planetary gear set 70, and the connecting
member 82 connects directly with the rotor of motor/generator 36 by engagement of the torque-transmittingmechanism 58. - Referring to
FIG. 2 , the torque-transmittingmechanisms vehicle 10 may be launched in an electric-only mode (also referred to as E-Launch/ZEV (zero emissions) Mode, or as rear electric drive mode) by engaging torque-transmittingmechanism 58 and controlling the motor/generator 36 to function as a motor. Theengine 34 is off in the electric-only mode. The motor/generator 36 thus provides torque to therear wheels 16 through the planetary gear set 70 andrear axle assembly 26. - Referring to
FIG. 3 , the electric-only mode is illustrated in the first region A of the plot when vehicle speeds are from 0 to 25 miles per hour. Component speeds in revolutions per minute (rpm) during the electric-only mode are represented bycurve 102, showing the speed of the motor/generator 36 rising with vehicle speed throughout the mode. The speed of the connectingmember 80 is represented bycurve 104, also steadily rising with vehicle speed. The speed of thevehicle wheels curve 106, reduced relative to the connectingmember speed 104 via the reduction ratio of the differential 20. Engine speed is 0 rpm during the entire electric-only mode, as theengine 34 remains disconnected from bothaxle assemblies - Referring again to
FIG. 2 , thevehicle 10 may be shifted from the electric-only mode to an input-split operating mode by engaging torque-transmittingmechanisms mechanism 58. In the input-split operating mode, which is front-drive, when accelerating, theengine 34 provides torque to thecarrier member 66, and the motor/generator 36 is controlled to function as a motor to provide torque to thesun gear member 62 or function as a generator. - As can be seen in the plot of
FIG. 3 , this shift occurs at about 25 mph, at which curve 108 indicates that the engine speed comes on at a constant 1600 rpm, representing the optimal operating speed for engine efficiency. The input-split mode is represented as Region B inFIG. 3 . Engine speed remains constant throughout the input-split mode, which extends from 25 mph to approximately 45 mph, representing a significant portion of typical driving speeds. At the shift point, there is no change in the motor/generator speed, as represented by the apex ofcurve 102. - To cruise at a constant, relatively low vehicle speed, (e.g., between 25 and 45 mph), referred to as CRUISELOSPD,F in
FIG. 2 , thecontroller 42 monitors speed ofwheels mechanisms generator 36 is controlled to function either as a motor or as a generator, to maintain a desired cruising speed, with theengine 34 able to operate at its most efficient speed. In the engine-only mode, torque-transmittingmechanism 50 and torque-transmittingmechanism 56 are engaged, to ground thesun gear member 62 to thestationary member 38, so that only theengine 34 is providing torque, and the motor/generator 36 is disconnected from both front andrear axle assemblies - To cruise at a constant, relatively high vehicle speed (e.g., above 45 mph), referred to as CRUISEHISPD,F in
FIG. 2 , torque-transmittingmechanism 50 remains engaged and the engine-only mode is established by also engaging torque-transmittingmechanism 56 while torque-transmittingmechanism 54 is disengaged. The engine-only mode is represented as Region C in the plot ofFIG. 3 . Engine speeds in this mode are greater than the optimally-efficient speed of the input-split mode. Speed of motor/generator 36 is zero, and the speed of thewheels member 80 increase proportionately with increasing engine speed. - Two regenerative braking modes are provided. For regeneration of front axle torque during front-drive modes, referred to as BRAKINGF in
FIG. 2 , such as during the cruising modes, the torque-transmittingmechanism 54 is engaged to connect the connect thesun gear member 62 for rotation with the motor/generator 36, which is controlled to operate as a generator, converting torque at thesun gear member 62 to stored electrical energy in theenergy storage device 40. Either, but not both, of torque-transmittingmechanisms mechanism 50 is engaged, engine torque is still provided to thecarrier 66, and may be regenerated by the motor/generator 36 as energy stored in theelectric storage device 40, to slow thewheels 14 via connectingmember 80. - For regeneration of rear axle torque, referred to as BRAKINGR in
FIG. 2 , such as during the electric-only, rear drive mode, either, but not both, of torque-transmittingmechanisms mechanism 58 is engaged, and the motor/generator 36 is controlled to function as a generator, converting torque of therear axle assembly 26 provided at thering gear member 74 to stored electrical energy in theenergy storage device 40. -
FIG. 4 shows ahybrid vehicle 210 having ahybrid powertrain 212 for delivering power tofront wheels 214 andrear wheels 216 of thevehicle 210, as described herein. Thevehicle 210 has afront axle assembly 218 including a differential 220 connected with first and secondfront axles wheels 214. - Similarly, the vehicle has a rear axle assembly 226 including a differential 228 connected with first and second
rear axles wheels 216. - The
powertrain 212 includes anengine 234, such as an internal combustion or diesel engine, as well as atransmission 235 that includes a single motor/generator 236. The motor/generator 236 is represented schematically, and includes a stator portion as well as a rotor portion. The stator portion is grounded to a stationary member, such as acasing 238 of thetransmission 235. Thecasing 238 is shown only in fragmented form attached with various torque-transmitting mechanisms, discussed below. The rotor portion is selectively connectable to the planetary gear sets 260, 270, as described below. Those skilled in the art will readily understand the construction and function of stators and rotors. - The
transmission 235 selectively receives torque from theengine 234. The motor/generator 236 may also provide torque, using electric power provided by anelectric storage device 240. If the motor/generator 236 is controlled to function as a generator, torque from thetransmission 235 is converted to electric energy stored in theelectric storage device 240. Theelectric storage device 240 may be one or more batteries but will be referred to herein as a battery. Other electric storage devices that have the ability to store electric power and dispense electric power may be used in place of the batteries. - The
electric storage device 240 communicates with anelectronic controller 242 by transfer conductor 244A. Thecontroller 242 communicates with apower inverter 246 bytransfer conductor 244B. Thepower inverter 246 in turn communicates with theelectric storage device 240 viatransfer conductor 244C.Transfer conductor 244E allows thepower inverter 246 to provide the stored electric power to the motor/generator 236 in a motor mode, or transfer electric power from the motor/generator 236 to theelectric storage device 240 in a generator mode. Additionally, thecontroller 242 communicates with avalve body 248 viatransfer conductor 244D to control selective engagement or disengagement oftorque transmitting devices mechanisms generator 236 andengine 234 determines the operating mode of thepowertrain 212. - Sensors, not shown, may be operatively connected with the
torque transmitting mechanisms engine 234 and the motor/generator 236 to provide, via transfer conductor not shown, sensed characteristics to thecontroller 242, such as temperature, torque load and relative speed of clutch plates. - The
powertrain 212 further includes a first planetary gear set 260 and a second planetary gear set 270. The first planetary gear set 260 is a simple planetary gear set, shown in a lever and node form well understood by those skilled in the art, and includes asun gear member 262, also represented with an S, aring gear member 264, also represented with an R, and acarrier member 266, also represented with a C, that rotatably supports pinion gears intermeshing with both thesun gear member 262 and thering gear member 264. Thesun gear member 262 is continuously grounded to thestationary member 238. Thering gear member 264 is connected for rotation with the rotor of the motor/generator 236 by engagement of the torque-transmittingmechanism 258, which is a rotating-type clutch. Thecarrier member 266 is continuously connected for rotation with a carrier of the differential 220 of thefront axle assembly 218 via a connectingmember 280, such as a propeller shaft. Thefront axles generator 236,engine 234 andfront axle assembly 218. - The second planetary gear set 270 is a simple planetary gear set, also shown in the lever and node form well understood by those skilled in the art, and includes a sun gear member 272, also represented with an S, a
ring gear member 274, also represented with an R, and acarrier member 276, also represented with a C, that rotatably supports pinion gears intermeshing with both the sun gear member 272 and thering gear member 274. The sun gear member 272 is selectively grounded to thestationary member 238 by engagement of torque-transmittingmechanism 256, which is a stationary-type clutch, also referred to as a brake. The sun gear member 272 is selectively connected for common rotation with the rotor of the motor/generator 236 by engagement of the torque-transmittingmechanism 254, which is a rotating-type clutch, referred to as a clutch. Thecarrier member 276 is selectively connected for rotation with theengine 234 by engagement of the torque-transmittingmechanism 250, which is a rotating-type clutch. Thecarrier member 276 is selectively grounded to thestationary member 238 by engagement of the torque-transmittingmechanism 252, which is a stationary-type clutch. Thering gear member 274 is continuously connected for rotation with a carrier of the differential 228 of the rear axle assembly 226 via a connectingmember 282, such as a propeller shaft. Therear axles - Referring to
FIG. 5 , the torque-transmittingmechanisms engine 234 and motor/generator 236 to provide various operating modes. First, thevehicle 210 may be launched in an electric-only mode (also referred to as E-Launch/ZEV Mode, or as front electric drive mode) by engaging torque-transmittingmechanism 258 and controlling the motor/generator 236 to function as a motor. Theengine 234 is off in the electric-only mode. The motor/generator 236 thus provides torque to thefront wheels 214 through the planetary gear set 260 andfront axle assembly 218. - Referring again to
FIG. 5 , thevehicle 210 may be shifted from the electric-only mode to an input-split operating mode by engaging torque-transmittingmechanism mechanism 258. In the input-split operating mode, which is rear drive, when accelerating, theengine 234 provides torque to thecarrier member 276, and the motor/generator 236 is controlled to function as a motor to provide torque to the sun gear member 272 or function as a generator. - To cruise at a constant, relatively low vehicle speed (e.g., between 25 and 45 mph), referred to as CRUISELOSPD,R in
FIG. 5 , thecontroller 242 monitors speed ofwheels mechanisms generator 236 is controlled to function either as a motor or as a generator, to maintain a desired cruising speed, with theengine 234 able to operate at its most efficient speed. In the engine-only mode, torque-transmittingmechanism 250 and torque-transmittingmechanism 256 are engaged, to ground the sun gear member 272 to thestationary member 238, so that only theengine 234 is providing torque, and the motor/generator 236 is disconnected from the rear axle assembly 226. - To cruise at a constant, relatively high vehicle speed (e.g., above 45 mph), referred to as CRUISEHISPD,R in
FIG. 5 , torque-transmittingmechanism 250 remains engaged and the engine-only mode is established by also engaging torque-transmittingmechanism 256 while torque-transmittingmechanism 254 is disengaged. Speed of motor/generator 236 is zero, and the speed of thewheels rear connecting member 282 increase proportionately with increasing engine speed. - Two regenerative braking modes are provided. For regeneration of rear axle torque during front-drive modes, referred to as BRAKINGR in
FIG. 5 , such as during the cruising modes, the torque-transmittingmechanism 254 is engaged to connect the connect the sun gear member 272 for rotation with the motor/generator 236, which is controlled to operate as a generator, converting torque at the sun gear member 272 to stored electrical energy in theenergy storage device 240. Either but not both of torque-transmittingmechanisms mechanism 250 is engaged, engine torque is still provided to thecarrier 276, and may be regenerated by the motor/generator as energy stored in theelectric storage device 240, to slow thewheels 216 via connectingmember 282. - For regeneration of front axle torque, referred to as BRAKINGF in
FIG. 5 , such as during the electric-only, front drive mode, either of torque-transmittingmechanisms mechanism 258 is engaged, and the motor/generator 236 is controlled to function as a generator, converting torque of thefront axle assembly 218 provided at thering gear member 264 to stored electrical energy in theenergy storage device 240. -
FIG. 6 shows ahybrid vehicle 310 having ahybrid powertrain 312 for delivering power tofront wheels 314 andrear wheels 316 of thevehicle 310, as described herein. Thevehicle 310 has afront axle assembly 318 including a differential 320 connected with first and secondfront axles wheels 314. Similarly, the vehicle has arear axle assembly 326 including a differential 328 connected with first and secondrear axles wheels 316. - The
powertrain 312 includes anengine 334, such as an internal combustion or diesel engine, as well as atransmission 335 that includes a single motor/generator 336. The motor/generator 336 is represented schematically, and includes a stator portion as well as a rotor portion. The stator portion is grounded to a stationary member, such as acasing 338 of thetransmission 335. Thecasing 338 is shown only in fragmented form attached with various torque-transmitting mechanisms, discussed below. The rotor portion is selectively connectable to the planetary gear sets 360, 370, as described below. Those skilled in the art will readily understand the construction and function of stators and rotors. - The
transmission 335 selectively receives torque from theengine 334. Thehybrid transmission 335 also receives torque from the motor/generator 336, which in turn is powered by anelectric storage device 340. If the motor/generator 336 is controlled to function as a generator, torque from thetransmission 335 is converted to electric energy stored in theelectric storage device 340. Theelectric storage device 340 may be one or more batteries but will be referred to herein as a battery. Other electric storage devices that have the ability to store electric power and dispense electric power may be used in place of the batteries. - The
electric storage device 340 communicates with anelectronic controller 342 bytransfer conductor 344A. Thecontroller 342 communicates with apower inverter 346 bytransfer conductor 344B. Thepower inverter 346 in turn communicates with theelectric storage device 340 viatransfer conductor 344C.Transfer conductor 344E allows thepower inverter 346 to provide the stored electric power to the motor/generator 336 in a motor mode, or transfer electric power from the motor/generator 336 to theelectric storage device 340 in a generator mode. Additionally, thecontroller 342 communicates with avalve body 348 viatransfer conductor 344D to control selective engagement or disengagement oftorque transmitting devices mechanisms generator 336 andengine 334 determines the operating mode of thepowertrain 312. - Sensors, not shown, may be operatively connected with the
torque transmitting mechanisms engine 334 and the motor/generator 336 to provide, via transfer conductor not shown, sensed characteristics to thecontroller 342, such as temperature, torque load and relative speed of clutch plates. - The
powertrain 312 further includes a first planetary gear set 360 and a second planetary gear set 370. The first planetary gear set 360 is a simple planetary gear set, shown in a lever and node form well understood by those skilled in the art, and includes asun gear member 362, also represented with an S, aring gear member 364, also represented with an R, and acarrier member 366, also represented with a C, that rotatably supports pinion gears intermeshing with both thesun gear member 362 and thering gear member 364. Thesun gear member 362 is continuously connected for rotation with a carrier of the differential 320 of thefront axle assembly 318 via a connectingmember 380, such as a propeller shaft. Thering gear member 364 is connected for rotation with the rotor of the motor/generator 336 by engagement of the torque-transmittingmechanism 358, which is a rotating-type clutch. Thering gear member 364 is grounded to thestationary member 338 by engagement of the torque-transmittingmechanism 357, which is a stationary-type clutch. Thecarrier member 366 is connected for rotation withengine 334 by engagement of torque-transmittingmechanism 350, which is a rotating-type clutch. Thecarrier member 366 is grounded to thestationary member 338 by engagement of torque-transmittingmechanism 352, which is a stationary-type clutch. Thefront axles generator 336,engine 334 andfront axle assembly 318. - The second planetary gear set 370 is a simple planetary gear set, also shown in the lever and node form well understood by those skilled in the art, and includes a
sun gear member 372, also represented with an S, aring gear member 374, also represented with an R, and acarrier member 376, also represented with a C, that rotatably supports pinion gears intermeshing with both thesun gear member 372 and thering gear member 374. Thesun gear member 372 is selectively grounded to thestationary member 338 by engagement of torque-transmittingmechanism 359, which is a stationary-type clutch, also referred to as a brake. Thesun gear member 372 is selectively connected for common rotation with the rotor of the motor/generator 336 by engagement of the torque-transmittingmechanism 354, which is a rotating-type clutch, referred to as a clutch. Thecarrier member 376 is selectively connected for rotation with theengine 334 by engagement of the torque-transmittingmechanism 353, which is a rotating-type clutch. Thecarrier member 376 is selectively grounded to thestationary member 338 by engagement of the torque-transmittingmechanism 356, which is a stationary-type clutch. Thering gear member 374 is continuously connected for rotation with a carrier of the differential 328 of therear axle assembly 326 via a connectingmember 382, such as a propeller shaft. Therear axles - Referring to
FIG. 7 , the torque-transmittingmechanisms engine 334 and motor/generator 336 to provide various operating modes. First, thevehicle 310 may be launched in an electric-only mode (also referred to as E-LAUNCH, or as rear electric drive mode) by engaging torque-transmittingmechanisms generator 336 to function as a motor. Theengine 334 is off in the electric-only mode. The motor/generator 336 thus provides torque to therear wheels 316 through the planetary gear set 370 andrear axle assembly 326. - Referring again to
FIG. 7 , thevehicle 310 may be shifted from the electric-only mode to cruise at a constant, relatively low vehicle speed (e.g., between 25 and 45 mph), referred to as CRUISELOSPD,F inFIG. 7 . Thecontroller 342 monitors speed ofwheels mechanisms engine 334 is provided tofront axle assembly 318 and torque is provided from motor/generator 336 tofront axle assembly 318 or provided fromfront axle assembly 318 to motor/generator 336. The motor/generator 336 is controlled to function either as a motor or as a generator, to maintain a desired cruising speed, with theengine 334 able to operate at its most efficient speed. - The
vehicle 310 may be shifted from the electric-only mode to cruise at a constant, relatively low vehicle speed (e.g., between 25 and 45 mph), referred to as CRUISELOSPD,R inFIG. 7 . Thecontroller 342 monitors speed ofwheels mechanisms engine 334 is provided torear axle assembly 326 and torque is provided to motor/generator 336 fromrear axle assembly 326 or provided fromrear axle assembly 326 to motor/generator 336. The motor/generator 336 is controlled to function either as a motor or as a generator, to maintain a desired cruising speed, with theengine 334 able to operate at its most efficient speed. - To cruise at a constant, relatively high vehicle speed (e.g., above 45 mph), referred to as CRUISEHISPD,R in
FIG. 7 , if shifting from CRUISELOSPD,R, torque-transmittingmechanism 353 remains engaged and the engine-only mode is established by also engaging torque-transmittingmechanism 359 while torque-transmittingmechanism 354 is disengaged. Theengine 334 provides torque to therear wheels 316 via the planetary gear set 370. - To cruise at a constant, relatively high vehicle speed (e.g., above 45 mph), referred to as CRUISEHISPD,F in
FIG. 7 , if shifting from CRUISELOSPD,F, torque-transmittingmechanism 350 remains engaged and the engine-only mode is established by also engaging torque-transmittingmechanism 357 while torque-transmittingmechanism 358 is disengaged. Theengine 334 provides torque to thefront wheels 314 via the planetary gear set 360. -
FIG. 8 shows ahybrid vehicle 410 having ahybrid powertrain 412 for delivering power tofront wheels 414 andrear wheels 416 of thevehicle 410, as described herein. Thevehicle 410 has afront axle assembly 418 including a differential 420 connected with first and secondfront axles wheels 414. - Similarly, the vehicle has a
rear axle assembly 426 including a differential 428 connected with first and secondrear axles wheels 416. - The
powertrain 412 includes anengine 434, such as an internal combustion or diesel engine, as well as atransmission 435 that includes a first motor/generator 436 and a second motor/generator 437. The motor/generator 436 is represented schematically, and includes a stator portion as well as a rotor portion. The stator portion is grounded to a stationary member, such as acasing 438 of thetransmission 435. Thecasing 438 is shown only in fragmented form attached with various torque-transmitting mechanisms, discussed below. The rotor portion is continuously connected withring gear member 464 of planetary gear set 460. Motor/generator 437 also includes a rotor portion connected for rotation withsun gear member 472 of planetary gear set 470, and a stator portion grounded to thestationary member 438. Those skilled in the art will readily understand the construction and function of stators and rotors. - The
transmission 435 selectively receives torque from theengine 434. Thehybrid transmission 435 also receives torque from the motor/generator 436 and/or from the motor/generator 437, which in turn are powered by anelectric storage device 440. If the motor/generator 436 or the motor/generator 437 is controlled to function as a generator, torque from thetransmission 435 is converted to electric energy stored in theelectric storage device 440. Theelectric storage device 440 may be one or more batteries but will be referred to herein as a battery. Other electric storage devices that have the ability to store electric power and dispense electric power may be used in place of the batteries. - The
electric storage device 440 communicates with anelectronic controller 442 bytransfer conductor 444A. Thecontroller 442 communicates with apower inverter 446 bytransfer conductor 444B. Thepower inverter 446 in turn communicates with theelectric storage device 440 viatransfer conductor 444C.Transfer conductor 444E allows thepower inverter 446 to provide the stored electric power to the motor/generator 436 in a motor mode, or transfer electric power from the motor/generator 436 to theelectric storage device 440 in a generator mode.Transfer conductor 444F allows thepower inverter 446 to provide the stored electric power to the motor/generator 437 in a motor mode, or transfer electric power from the motor/generator 437 to theelectric storage device 440 in a generator mode. Additionally, thecontroller 442 communicates with avalve body 448 viatransfer conductor 444D to control selective engagement or disengagement oftorque transmitting devices mechanisms generators engine 434 determines the operating mode of thepowertrain 412. - Sensors, not shown, may be operatively connected with the
torque transmitting mechanisms engine 434 and the motor/generators controller 442, such as temperature, torque load and relative speed of clutch plates. - The
powertrain 412 further includes a first planetary gear set 460 and a second planetary gear set 470. The first planetary gear set 460 is a simple planetary gear set, shown in a lever and node form well understood by those skilled in the art, and includes asun gear member 462, also represented with an S, aring gear member 464, also represented with an R, and acarrier member 466, also represented with a C, that rotatably supports pinion gears intermeshing with both thesun gear member 462 and thering gear member 464. Thesun gear member 462 is is continuously connected for rotation with a carrier of the differential 420 of thefront axle assembly 418 via a connectingmember 480, such as a propeller shaft. Thering gear member 464 is continuously connected for rotation with the rotor of the motor/generator 436. Thecarrier member 466 is selectively connected for rotation withengine 434 by engagement of torque-transmittingmechanism 450, which is a rotating-type clutch. Thecarrier member 466 is grounded to thestationary member 438 by engagement of torque-transmittingmechanism 452, which is a stationary-type clutch. Thefront axles generator 436,engine 434 andfront axle assembly 418. - The second planetary gear set 470 is a simple planetary gear set, also shown in the lever and node form well understood by those skilled in the art, and includes a
sun gear member 472, also represented with an S, aring gear member 474, also represented with an R, and acarrier member 476, also represented with a C, that rotatably supports pinion gears intermeshing with both thesun gear member 472 and thering gear member 474. Thesun gear member 472 is continuously connected for rotation with the rotor of motor/generator 437. Thecarrier member 476 is selectively connected for rotation with theengine 434 by engagement of the torque-transmittingmechanism 453, which is a rotating-type clutch. Thecarrier member 476 is selectively grounded to thestationary member 438 by engagement of torque-transmittingmechanism 456, which is a stationary-type clutch, also referred to as a brake. Thering gear member 474 is continuously connected for rotation with a carrier of the differential 428 of therear axle assembly 426 via a connectingmember 482, such as a propeller shaft. Therear axles - Referring to
FIG. 9 , the torque-transmittingmechanisms engine 434 and motor/generators vehicle 410 may be launched in an electric-only mode (also referred to as E-LAUNCH) by engaging torque-transmittingmechanisms generators engine 434 is off in the electric-only mode. The motor/generator 436 thus provides torque to thefront wheels 414 through the planetary gear set 460 andfront axle assembly 418, and the motor/generator 437 provides torque to therear wheels 316 through the planetary gear set 472 andrear axle assembly 426. The use of two motor/generators - Referring again to
FIG. 9 , thevehicle 410 may be shifted from the electric-only mode to cruise in a four wheel-drive mode with the engine operatively connected to thefront drive assembly 418, referred to as CRUISE4WF inFIG. 9 . Drive torque is provided to all fourwheels controller 442 monitors speed ofwheels mechanism 450 is engaged, torque-transmittingmechanism 456 remains engaged, and torque-transmittingmechanism 452 is disengaged, so that torque of theengine 434 is provided tofront axle assembly 418. Torque may also be provided tofront axle assembly 418 from motor/generator 436 or provided fromfront axle assembly 418 to motor/generator 436. Torque may be provided to motor/generator 437 fromrear axle assembly 426 or provided fromrear axle assembly 426 to motor/generator 437. The motor/generators engine 434 able to operate at its most efficient speed. - The
vehicle 410 may be shifted from the electric-only mode to cruise in a four wheel-drive mode with the engine operatively connected to therear drive assembly 426, referred to as CRUISE4WR inFIG. 9 . Drive torque is provided to all fourwheels controller 442 monitors speed ofwheels mechanism 453 is engaged, torque-transmittingmechanism 452 remains engaged, and torque-transmittingmechanism 456 is disengaged, so that torque of theengine 434 is provided torear axle assembly 426. Torque may also be provided torear axle assembly 426 from motor/generator 437 or provided fromrear axle assembly 426 to motor/generator 437. Torque may be provided to motor/generator 436 fromfront axle assembly 418 or provided fromfront axle assembly 418 to motor/generator 436. The motor/generators engine 434 able to operate at its most efficient speed. - Referring again to
FIG. 9 , thevehicle 410 may be shifted from the electric-only mode to cruise in a front wheel-drive mode with the engine operatively connected to thefront drive assembly 418, referred to as CRUISEF inFIG. 9 . Drive torque is provided tofront wheels 414 in this operating mode. Thecontroller 442 monitors speed ofwheels mechanism 450 is engaged while torque-transmittingmechanisms engine 434 is provided tofront axle assembly 418. Torque may also be provided tofront axle assembly 418 from motor/generator 436 or provided fromfront axle assembly 418 to motor/generator 436. The motor/generator 436 is controlled to function either as a motor or as a generator, to maintain a desired cruising speed, with theengine 434 able to operate at its most efficient speed. - Referring again to
FIG. 9 , thevehicle 410 may be shifted from the electric-only mode to cruise in a rear wheel-drive mode with the engine operatively connected to therear drive assembly 426, referred to as CRUISER inFIG. 9 . Drive torque is provided torear wheels 416 in this operating mode. Thecontroller 442 monitors speed ofwheels mechanism 453 is engaged while torque-transmittingmechanisms engine 434 is provided torear axle assembly 426. Torque may also be provided torear axle assembly 426 from motor/generator 437 or provided fromrear axle assembly 426 to motor/generator 437. The motor/generator 437 is controlled to function either as a motor or as a generator, to maintain a desired cruising speed, with theengine 434 able to operate at its most efficient speed. - A regenerative braking mode is provided that permits regeneration of both front and rear axle torque, referred to as BRAKING or DBL REGEN in
FIG. 9 . As in the electric-only operating mode, torque-transmittingmechanisms carrier members stationary member 438, and torque is provided to the motor/generators generators ring gear member 464 and at thesun gear member 472, respectively, to stored electrical energy in theenergy storage device 440. - While the best modes for carrying out the invention have been described in detail, those familiar with the art to which this invention relates will recognize various alternative designs and embodiments for practicing the invention within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (19)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US12/422,374 US8083016B2 (en) | 2009-04-13 | 2009-04-13 | Vehicle with hybrid powertrain |
DE102010012704A DE102010012704A1 (en) | 2009-04-13 | 2010-03-25 | Vehicle with hybrid powertrain |
CN201010161437.5A CN101856968B (en) | 2009-04-13 | 2010-04-13 | Vehicle with hybrid powertrain |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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US12/422,374 US8083016B2 (en) | 2009-04-13 | 2009-04-13 | Vehicle with hybrid powertrain |
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US20100258370A1 true US20100258370A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
US8083016B2 US8083016B2 (en) | 2011-12-27 |
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EP3368360A4 (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2019-06-26 | The Regents of The University of Michigan | Hybrid all-wheel drive system having dynamic clutches |
CN113320534A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-08-31 | 蜂巢传动科技河北有限公司 | Control method and device of hybrid electric vehicle and vehicle |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US8083016B2 (en) | 2011-12-27 |
CN101856968A (en) | 2010-10-13 |
CN101856968B (en) | 2014-11-05 |
DE102010012704A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
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