US20100200038A1

US20100200038A1 - Blind with structure for rapid setup

Info

Publication number: US20100200038A1
Application number: US12/610,887
Authority: US
Inventors: Kendyl A. Roman; John Livachich
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2001-06-04
Filing date: 2009-11-02
Publication date: 2010-08-12

Abstract

A shelter or hunting blind that is easily extended and collapsed includes a frame and a surrounding skin detachably fixed to the frame. The frame includes an upper hub upper hub including a plate having a top surface and a bottom surface with a plurality of upper tabs extending downward from said bottom surface and a lower hub including a plate having a top surface and a bottom surface with a plurality of lower tabs extending upward from said top surface. A plurality of articulated leg assemblies pivotally connected respectively to said plurality of upper tabs, and a plurality of pusher rods pivotally connected between said plurality of articulated leg assemblies and said plurality of lower tabs. While extended, the blind includes one or more windows for viewing the desired pray.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This utility application claims priority from Provisional Application No. 61/110,568, filed on Nov. 1, 2008, and Provisional Application No. 61/143,710, filed on Jan. 9, 2009, and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/459,934, filed on Jul. 8, 2009, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/290,213, filed on Apr. 20, 2007, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 11/788,495, filed on Apr. 20, 2007, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/484,106, filed on Jul. 10, 2006, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/295,305, filed on Dec. 5, 2005, and a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/155,398, filed on Jun. 16, 2005, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 11/045,736, filed on Jan. 28, 2005 and a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 10/161,986, filed on Jun. 4, 2002 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,100,626, which further claims priority from Provisional Application No. 60/295,956, each of which are herein incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There is often a need to conceal oneself when researching wildlife, hunting, camping, working on construction projects, or working in the outdoors. Wildlife researchers conceal themselves so that they can film and study wildlife without disturbing the behavior of the animals. Hunters often conceal themselves in various hunting blinds to avoid being detected by their prey. Campers often conceal themselves to bathe, change clothes, and perform other personal or hygiene activities. Construction workers, military, law enforcement, and others who work in the outdoors also have similar needs for concealment. Various methods have been employed to accomplish these tasks.
In the past, quite complex, heavy structures have been built or constructed for concealment. Hunters have built permanent hunting blinds. Portable huts, shower stalls, dressing shelters, tents, canopies, and complex tree blind structures have been carried into the great outdoors.
The use of such devices has several disadvantages such as being heavy, bulky, noisy, expensive, and complicated to assemble or use. Most of these devices have only a single use with poor performance. There is a need for a simple, lightweight, compact, portable, multi-use means of concealment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An easy to use and lightweight concealment and shelter or hunting blind is disclosed herein. The blind is easily extended and collapsed includes a frame and a surrounding skin detachably fixed to the frame. The frame includes an upper hub upper hub including a plate having a top surface and a bottom surface with a plurality of upper tabs extending downward from said bottom surface and a lower hub including a plate having a top surface and a bottom surface with a plurality of lower tabs extending upward from said top surface. A plurality of articulated leg assemblies pivotally connected respectively to said plurality of upper tabs, and a plurality of pusher rods pivotally connected between said plurality of articulated leg assemblies and said plurality of lower tabs. While extended, the blind includes one or more windows for viewing the desired pray.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an assembled and expanded fast setup blind;

FIGS. 2 through 4 are perspective views of the blind with the window opened;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the top and bottom hubs used in the blind;

FIG. 6 through 9 are perspective of the inner window of the blind;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the hubs used in the blind;

FIG. 11 is a perspective of the legs surrounded by the blind;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of an interior lower corner of the blind;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a partially collapsed blind;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a collapsed blind held by a user;

FIGS. 15 and 16 are perspective views of a collapsed blind being extended by the user;

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of an extended blind being disengaged by the user;

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a fully collapsed blind being secured by a handle;

FIG. 19 is a bottom view of the extended blind;

FIGS. 20 a-20 d are perspective views of the frame of the blind;

FIGS. 21 a-21 d are views of the leg assemblies of the frame;

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of the lower leg assembly

FIGS. 23 a-23 e are views of the rod pushers used in the frame;

FIGS. 24 a-24 f are various views of a hinge joint connecting the lower leg assembly with an upper leg assembly;

FIGS. 25 a-25 e are various views of the leg bracket;

FIGS. 26 a-26 d are various views of the leg bracket;

FIG. 27 a-27 f are various views of an upper hub;

FIGS. 28 a and 28 b provide various views of a lug used to secure the blind skin to the frame;

FIGS. 29 a-29 g provide various views of a lower hub;

FIG. 30 is a sectional side view of the lower engaging the upper hub; and

FIG. 31 provides a side view of a blind including windows with magnetic closures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring now in detail to the figures, an embodiment of the fast setup blind 10 is illustrated in FIGS. 1-31. Referring specifically to FIGS. 1 and 20, the blind 10 includes a frame 100 that is surrounded by a skin 12. As described herein, the blind 10 is able to quickly and efficiently be set up and taken down by a single user, and provides desired cover for the user.
Looking to FIG. 20, the frame 100 includes an upper or top hub 701 and a lower or bottom hub 601, with a series of leg assemblies including upper and lower articulated leg assemblies 200, 300 pivotally attached to the top hub 701. A series of rod pushers 401 are pivotally connected between the bottom hub 601 and the upper leg assembly 300. Further, the lower leg assemblies 200 are pivotally connected to a corresponding upper leg assembly 300 opposite the connection between the top hub 701 and the upper leg assembly 300. In an embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 20, a hub pin 501 is connected to the lower hub 601, with the hub pin 501 being able to traverse the top hub 701 when the blind 10 is setup. A pull rope 502 may extend through the hub pin 501 and top hub 701 to a handle or similar point to assist the user in setting up the blind 10 as further discussed herein.
In more detail in FIGS. 27 a-27 f, the top hub 701 includes a top plate 703 having a top surface 703 t and a bottom surface 703 b, with a first central aperture 705 traversing therethrough. A series of upper tabs or anchors 707 extend from the bottom surface 703 b of the plate 703 radially about the top central aperture 705. A connecting aperture 708 extends through each of the upper tabs 707 to pivotally connect the upper leg assemblies 300 with the upper tabs 707 using a pin or similar connector known in the art. An upper hollow cylinder 709 extends from the top surface 703 t of the plate 703, with the cylinder 709 surrounding the top central aperture 705 and having a threaded outer surface 711. The threaded outer surface 711 of the upper cylinder 709 is designed to receive a nut or lug 901 (see FIGS. 1 and FIGS. 38A-38B) that is used to secure a blind fabric skin 12 to the frame 100 (as described in greater detail herein).
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 29 a-29 g, the lower hub 601 includes a bottom plate 603 having a top surface 603 t and a bottom surface 601 b, with a lower central aperture 605 traversing therethrough. A series of lower tabs or anchors 607 extend from the upper side 603 t of the plate 603 radially about the bottom central aperture 605. A connecting aperture 608 extends through each of the lower tabs 607 to pivotally connect the rod pushers 401 with the lower tabs 607 using a pin or similar connector known in the art (see FIG. 20 b).
Continuing to view FIGS. 29 a-29 g, a hub pin 501 extends outward from the top of the bottom plate 603. The hub pin 501 generally is divided into a generally frustoconical section 505 and a generally cylindrical base section 503, with the sections 503, 505 being separated by a collar 507. The first end 503 of the hub pin 501 will engage the upper central aperture 705 as the upper and lower leg assemblies 200, 300 are extended into the setup position as described herein. The collar 507 is included to stop the blind 10 from opening completely, thereby assisting the user from having to deal with certain forces when collapsing the blind 10. A pin aperture 511 traverses the hub pin 501, such that the pull rope 502 can traverse the hub pin 501 and lower hub 601.
Referring to FIG. 22, each lower leg assembly 200 includes a lower rod 201 having a first end 201 a that is connected to a hinge joint 203 via a roll pin 202. The hinge joint 203 includes a hollow connector 205 to receive one end of the lower rod 201, with a lower clevis-shaped member 207 extending from the opposite end of the connector 205 to be connected with the upper leg assembly 300 using a pin or similar connector known in the art. The lower rod 201 has a second end 201 b that may be used to engage the blind fabric 12 as disclosed herein.
Looking to FIGS. 21 a-21 d, each upper leg assembly 300 includes an upper rod 304 that may be formed of a variety of materials, such as fiberglass or metal, having a first end 304 a and a second end 304 b. A hinge joint 203 is connected to the first end 304 a of the upper rod 304, and an end leg bracket 303 is connected to the second end 304 b. Referring to FIGS. 25 a-25 e, a second leg bracket 301 is slid over the rod 304, with the second leg bracket 301 having a cylindrical portion 301 a and a flange 301 b extending along the length of the cylindrical portion 301 a. The upper rod 304 is inserted through aperture 312 of the cylindrical portion 301 a. Looking to FIGS. 23 a-23 e, the rod pusher 401 is pivotally connected to the flange 301 b of the second leg bracket 301 using a pin or similar connector known in the art. The rod pusher 401 has clevis-shaped brackets 403 a, 403 b at both ends of the rod pusher 401, such that the flange 301 b will be positioned within one of the brackets 403 a. The second bracket 403 b is connected to one of the lower tabs 607 of the lower hub 601.
The hinge joint 203 may also include an aperture 208 to receive a skin button 305, or a skin button 305 may be formed into the hinge joint 203 itself. The skin button 305 is used to secure the fabric skin 12 to each leg to keep the skin 12 tightly connected with the frame 100.
The number of upper and lower leg assemblies 200, 300 used in the blind 10 may be varied as desired by the producer. In the embodiment illustrated, four upper and lower leg assemblies 200, 300 are incorporated. However, it is foreseen that the design could have more or fewer upper and lower leg assemblies 200, 300 (e.g., a design could have three or five upper and lower leg assemblies 200, 300). Of course, the number of lower tabs 607 on the lower hub 601 and the number of upper tabs 707 on the upper hub 701 will be commensurate to the number of upper and lower leg assemblies 200, 300 used.
Referring now to FIGS. 1, 19, and 20, it is to be noted that the skin fabric 12 is designed to fit over the frame 100, with a substantially central hole in the fabric 12 to allow the upper cylinder 709 to traverse the fabric 12 before the lug 901 is tightened onto the cylinder 709. The fabric 12 is positioned over the frame 100, with a series of inner capture pockets 20 positioned at the interior edges of the fabric 12 (see FIG. 12). The lower ends of the lower rods 201 are inserted into the capture pockets 20 to provide lower connection points. The fabric 12 may further be connected to the frame 100 and the various skin buttons 305 to provide the secure connections and allow the skin fabric to be stretched securely when the frame 100 is setup (see FIG. 11).
Furthermore, there are various slots or apertures 13 in the fabric 12 to form a window. Positioned proximate the slots 13 are additional frames of fabric or cloth that act as window flaps 15. The flaps 15 may be adjusted with respect to the apertures 13 to cover or uncover the apertures 13 as desired by the user. Zippers 22 or other connectors may be attached to skin 12 proximate the periphery of the apertures 13 to selectively connect the cloth with the skin 12 to allow the user to selectively open a close the windows. Furthermore, the apertures 13 may be positioned around the frame 100, to allow multiple openings 13 as desired by the user.
The window flaps 15 of the blind 10, and use thereof, are illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 9. In particular, the pre-determined aperture 13 traverses the blind fabric skin 12 to form the window, and the flap 15 is connected to skin 12 or frame 100 proximate the aperture 13 to selectively substantially overlap the aperture 13. In the embodiment illustrated in the attached figures, the flap 15 has a substantially rectangular shape, with a skin connection cord 17 or similar connector extending through a portion of the top edge 15 t of the flap 15 to engage the flap 15 with the blind skin 12. In addition, a hook and loop material 19 may extend along the upper edge 15 t of the flap 15 and the aperture 13 to provide a detachable connection of the flap 15 proximate the aperture 13. Although hook and loop material is shown in the drawings, other means providing a detachable connection may be employed.
Looking to FIG. 31, another embodiment of the blind 10 is illustrated. In this embodiment, the window flap 15 is sewn a the top of the opening and the window flap 15 slides from the bottom upward. However, it is noted that the window flap 15 may be sewn at the bottom of the opening and slide from the top down. In addition to hook and loop closures 19 for the window flap 15, magnets 25 may be used to keep the window flap at the desired position.
In addition to the connections made on the upper edges 15 t of the flap 15, clips or snaps 21, such as carabineer-shaped clips, may be affixed at the corners of the window flap 15 as shown in FIGS. 6 and 31. In this embodiment, the clips 21 will hold the lower corners of the flap 15 proximate to the blind fabric skin 12, either in a lower, substantially closed position, or in a substantially opened position. That is, in a substantially closed position, the clip 21 is attached to a base bungee cord 17, with the base bungee cord 17 being connected to the frame 100 or some other substantially permanent portion of the blind 10 or surroundings. This base bungee cord 17 allows the corner of the flap 15 to travel along the length of the window when the window is opened using cam lock buckles 30 (described herein).
When the user desires to open the corner of the window, they will disconnect the clip 21 from the base bungee cord 17 and break the connection of hoop and loop material 19 between the flap 15 and the skin 12. The user will then clip the clip 21 to the centrally positioned skin connection cord 17, which raise the lower edge of the flap 15 towards the top edge of the flap 15 to open the associated window. The connection between the clip 21 and the skin connection cord 17 will hold the flap 15 in the opened position. When the user wishes to close the window, they will simply detach the clip 21 from the skin connection cord 17 and mesh the hook and loop material 19 at the edge of the flap 15 with the hook and loop material 19 surrounding the window aperture. The user will then once again connect the clip 21 with the base bungee cord 17 to close the window.
In addition to the use of the clip 21, a webbing strap 32 (such as ½″ wide webbing strap) will be positioned proximate, and potentially through, the window flap 15. One end of the strap 32 is connected with the blind frame 100 or skin 12 above the window, while the opposite second end of the strap 32 is connected to the skin 12 or frame 100 below the window. The window flap 15 slides on the strap 32, with at least one cam lock buckle 30 or other connector affixed to the strap 32 to hold the flap 15 in place with respect to the blind fabric skin 12. To operate the window at a central location, the user will open the cam lock buckle 30 and slide the buckle 30 along the length of the webbing strap 32 (see FIGS. 7 and 8). Once the window flap 15 is positioned to provide the desired opening inside the blind 10, the buckle 30 will be locked. As a result, the user is able to configure the flap 15 proximate the window opening to provide an opening as desired.
To setup the blind 10 from the collapsed position to the extended position, the user may follow the following steps. The user will remove the blind 10 from a carrying bag or from carrying straps (shown in FIG. 18). The blind 10 is then picked up by the top hub 701 and the legs are extended as shown in FIG. 14. The blind 10 is then laid flat on the ground, and the two accessible leg assemblies 200, 300 are extended and locked into position. The lower legs 201 and upper legs or rods 304 are locked by pulling out on the center of each leg 201, 304. The blind 10 is then flipped over and the remaining two legs are locked as described above.
Sitting near the top of the closed end of the blind 10 (or the top hub 701), the user places both feet near the center of the top hub 701 such that the feet are on either side of the hub grommet with the center hole 705 open (as shown in FIG. 15). Once the user's feet are secure on the hub 701, the user will grab a pull rope 502 and pull away from the top of the blind 10 toward the user in direction A. At the same time, the user will extend his legs and rock back to pick the blind 10 up off of the ground (see FIG. 16). The user will pull the rope 502 passing through the hub pin 501 (or a handle attached to the pull rope 502) until the center hub pin 501 pops through the center hole 705 and locks the lower hub 601 with the upper hub 701, as shown in FIGS. 5, 10 and 19. During this motion, the pusher rods 401 will apply a mechanical force against the shaft plate 603 at the tabs 607 and the upper leg assemblies 300, forcing the skin 12 to a stretched position around the leg assemblies for a tight fit when the blind 10 is extended. The blind 10 will then be stood upright, and the safety strap 504 is fastened around the center hub 701 on the inside of the blind 10 as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 10.
To take the blind 10 down, the user will remove the safety strap 504 from the bottom of the blind hub 701 and roll the blind 10 over onto one side (any side will work). The user will turn away from the blind 10 and position the center top hub 701 behind him. While holding the blind 10, such as with one or both hands, the user will strike the hub pin 501 in direction B with the bottom of the user's foot as shown in FIG. 17. This will force the bottom hub 601 from the top hub 701, and force the end of the pusher rods 401 connected to the lower hub 601 away from the upper hub 701 to consequently cause the blind 10 to collapse from the setup position. In one embodiment, the user will then fold the legs by bending them at the middle hinge joint or leg connecting bracket 301 to return the blind 10 to storage. In another embodiment, the user will affix a carrying strap 16 with loops 18 a, 18 b formed at both ends, as shown in FIG. 10, around the blind 10. In particular, the user will slide one loop 18 a of the strap over the hub assembly 701 and past the center hinge on the legs (see FIG. 18). The user will slide the other loop 18 b of the strap 16 over the hub assembly 701 to about two feet from the first loop 18 a. The user can then place the center portion of the strap 16 on the user's should to pull the blind 10 up and carry the collapsed blind 10.
In alternative set-up process for a single man blind, the blind 10 is then picked up by the top hub 701 and the legs are extended. The blind 10 is then placed flat on the ground, and the two accessible legs are extended and locked into position. The legs are locked by pulling out on the center of the leg. The blind 10 is then flipped over and the remaining two legs are locked as described above. Sitting in front of the closed end of the blind, the user places both feet on the top of the center hub 701 such that the feet are on either side of a hub grommet with the center hole 705 open (as shown in FIG. 15). Once the user's feet are secure, the user will grab the pull rope 502 (or handle attached thereto) and pull the end of the rope 502 away from the top of the blind 10 toward the user. At the same time, the user will extend his legs and rock back to pick the blind 10 up off of the ground. The user will pull the rope 502 until the center hub 701 shaft pops through the hole and locks it as shown in FIG. 10. The blind 10 will then be stood upright, and the safety strap 504 is fastened around the lower hub 601 on the inside of the blind 10, as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 10.
The user will then roll the blind 10 over onto the door side, with the side with the zippered door 11 facing the ground. From inside the blind 10, the user will loosen the connector 504 (such as a hook and loop material) from around the lug 901 without removing the fabric skin 12 from the lug 901, and repeat this step for both sides. The user will detach the hook and loop material from the capture pocket 20 on both sides of the blind 10. This process is repeated on the other side. The user must remove the legs from the two capture pockets 20 before attempting to fold the legs over to avoid damage to the blind. Once each leg has been removed from the hook and loop material pocket 20, the user will slide the skin 12 down the leg until it is at the center hinge joint or bracket 203. Once past the hinge joint 203, the user will fold the end of the lower leg 201 over (see FIG. 20). The finished blind 10 is illustrated in FIG. 18.
An alternative process for taking the blind 10 down is described as follows. The user will flip the blind 10 back onto the door side and straighten and lock both legs that were folded back. The user will unfasten the lug 901 from the fabric 12 as shown in FIG. 20, and pull the loose fabric 12 back over the legs without pulling it over the ends of the legs. The user will flip the blind 10 over onto the side that he is currently working on so that the door side is facing up. The user will pull the fabric 12 over the leg and fully seat the leg into the capture pocket 20 as shown in FIG. 21 such that the leg is fully captured by the pocket 20. The hook and loop material strap is secured over the leg as shown in FIG. 22, and the lug 901 is inserted back into the fabric 12 and the hook and loop material strap is fastened around the lug joint.
As is described above, the blind 10 has fast and simple setup and take down, and the adjustable legs allow the user to change the profile of the blind. The complete blind 10 weighs approximately 20 pounds, and when set-up, has an inside height of approximately 67 inches and a floor size of approximately 36 square feet.
Having thus described exemplary embodiments of a BLIND WITH STRUCTURE FOR RAPID SETUP, it should be noted by those skilled in the art that the within disclosures are exemplary only and that various other alternatives, adaptations, and modifications may be made within the scope of this disclosure. Accordingly, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments as illustrated herein, but is only limited by the following claims.

Claims

1. A collapsible shelter comprising:

a frame comprising

an upper hub including an upper plate having a top surface and a bottom surface with a plurality of upper tabs extending downward from said bottom surface,

a lower hub including

a lower plate having a top surface and a bottom surface;

a hub pin centrally positioned on said top surface of said lower plate; and

a plurality of lower tabs extending upward from said top surface around said hub pin;

a plurality of articulated leg assemblies pivotally connected respectively to said plurality of upper tabs, said leg assemblies pivotable between a collapsed position and an extended position; and

a plurality of pusher rods pivotally connected between said plurality of upper leg assemblies and said plurality of lower tabs;

a skin having an outer edge, said skin surrounding said frame with said plurality of leg assemblies engaging said skin.

2. The shelter is described in claim 1 further comprising:

a first central aperture traversing said upper hub;

a second central aperture traversing said lower hub; and

a rope connected to said lower hub and extending through said first and second central apertures and said skin for engagement by a user.

3. The shelter as described in claim 1 further comprising:

at least one aperture in said skin having a perimeter surrounding said aperture;

a frame of material affixed to said skin proximate said aperture, said frame of material having an edge substantially corresponding to said perimeter of said aperture;

means for detachably connecting said edge of said frame to said perimeter of said aperture.

4. The shelter as described in claim 3 further comprising:

a cord affixed to said skin proximate said aperture;

a clip affixed to said frame and detachably connectable to said cord to displace said frame from said aperture.

5. The shelter as described in claim 3 further comprising:

a webbing strap affixed to said skin and traversing said frame;

at least one buckle slidably positioned along said webbing strap to displace said frame from said aperture.

6. The shelter as described in claim 3 wherein said means for detachably connecting said edge of said frame to said perimeter of said aperture includes hook and loop material affixed to said frame and said skin for a breakable connection.

7. The shelter as described in claim 3 wherein said means for detachably connecting said edge of said frame to said perimeter of said aperture includes magnets affixed to said frame and said skin for a breakable connection.

8. The shelter as described in claim 1 further comprising a plurality of inner capture pockets positioned proximate the skin edge, one leg assembly engaging said pocket.

9. The shelter as described in claim 1 wherein each said leg assembly comprises:

an upper leg assembly pivotally connected to a lower leg assembly; and

a leg bracket affixed to said upper leg assembly, said leg bracket comprising a cylinder having a predetermined and a flange extending along said length;

wherein said pusher rod is pivotally connected to said flange.

10. A collapsible hunting blind comprising:

a frame comprising

a lower hub including

a lower plate having a top surface and a bottom surface; and

a plurality of lower tabs extending radially upward from said top surface;

a hub pin affixed centrally to said top surface of said lower plate;

a plurality of upper leg assemblies pivotally connected respectively to said plurality of upper tabs, said upper leg assemblies pivotable between a collapsed position and an extended position; and

11. The blind is described in claim 10 further comprising:

a first central aperture traversing said upper hub;

a second central aperture traversing said lower hub and said hub pin; and

12. The blind as described in claim 10 further comprising:

13. The blind as described in claim 12 further comprising:

a cord affixed to said skin proximate said aperture;

14. The blind as described in claim 12 further comprising:

a webbing strap affixed to said skin and traversing said frame;

15. The blind as described in claim 12 wherein said means for detachably connecting said edge of said frame to said perimeter of said aperture includes magnets affixed to said frame and said skin for a breakable connection.

17. The blind as described in claim 10 further comprising a plurality of inner capture pockets positioned proximate the skin edge, one leg assembly engaging said pocket.

18. The blind as described in claim 10 further comprising:

wherein said pusher rod is pivotally connected to said flange.

19. The blind as described in claim 10 further comprising a lower leg assembly pivotally connected to said upper leg assembly.