US20100171820A1 - Lens system - Google Patents

Lens system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100171820A1
US20100171820A1 US12/666,545 US66654508A US2010171820A1 US 20100171820 A1 US20100171820 A1 US 20100171820A1 US 66654508 A US66654508 A US 66654508A US 2010171820 A1 US2010171820 A1 US 2010171820A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
lens group
lens
magnification
image
lens system
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Abandoned
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US12/666,545
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English (en)
Inventor
Bernardus Hendrikus Wihelmu Hendriks
Jeff Shimizu
Stein Kuiper
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority to US12/666,545 priority Critical patent/US20100171820A1/en
Assigned to KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N.V. reassignment KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HENDRIKS, BERNARDUS HENDRIKUS WILHELMUS, KUIPER, STEIN, SHIMIZU, JEFF
Publication of US20100171820A1 publication Critical patent/US20100171820A1/en
Priority to US15/876,709 priority patent/US11119305B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
    • G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
    • G02B23/2407—Optical details
    • G02B23/2423—Optical details of the distal end
    • G02B23/243—Objectives for endoscopes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/10—Scanning systems
    • G02B26/103—Scanning systems having movable or deformable optical fibres, light guides or waveguides as scanning elements

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a lens system, more in particular to the lens system included in an optical biopsy device.
  • a biopsy is carried out during a minimal-invasive surgery to determine the status of a suspicious lesion. Since suspicious lesions must be visible for a surgeon, these biopsies are taken generally in a later stage of a disease. The biopsies are then sent to a pathologist to examine target tissue sections. The outcome thus depends on the local tissue samples that may or may not represent the actual disease stage in the tissue.
  • Optical biopsy is an alternative method, where in-vivo optical technology is used to determine whether the disease has affected the tissue. This method also enables the diagnosis of the disease in an early stage. Light can interact with tissue in a number of ways, including elastic and inelastic (multiple or single) scattering, reflection at boundary layers and absorption, and can for instance lead to fluorescence and Raman scattering.
  • An optical biopsy device must fulfill two requirements to be useful. Firstly it must be able to scan a significant area within a limited time. Secondly, it must have a high sensitivity and specificity.
  • various optical methods have been proposed for cancer detection. The available methods capable of screening larger areas (in general non-point-like methods) have a high sensitivity but a rather low specificity. Hence, these methods produce a lot of false positives. Methods that have a much higher specificity are in general point like measuring methods. These methods can give a good diagnosis but are not suited to scan significant areas in a short period of time. To fulfill both the above mentioned requirements two different optical devices are required.
  • optical biopsy device which does not have the disadvantage described above and more in particular to have a compact optical biopsy device that enables camera-like (macroscopic) and microscope-like imaging.
  • a lens system has a first lens group and a second lens group and is configured to form an image at a first magnification and at a second magnification, wherein the lens has a common optical axis in both magnifications.
  • the lens system is further configured to form an intermediate image between the first lens group and the second lens group at the first magnification.
  • the intermediate image formed in the first magnification is further imaged onto an optical detector.
  • the first magnification allows viewing a significant area of a target being imaged whereas the second magnification allows viewing the target with a high sensitivity and specificity.
  • the second lens group acts as a relay lens imaging the intermediated image onto the optical detector.
  • the first and second lens groups together form an image on the optical detector without forming an intermediate image between the first and the second lens groups.
  • a lens system for an optical biopsy device has a first lens group and a second lens group configured to form an image at a first magnification and at a second magnification, wherein the lens has a common optical axis in both magnifications.
  • the lens system is further configured to form an intermediate image between the first lens group and the second lens group at the first magnification.
  • the intermediate image formed in the first magnification is further imaged onto an optical detector.
  • the first magnification allows viewing a significant area of a target being imaged whereas the second magnification allows viewing the target with a high sensitivity and specificity. For minimal invasive procedures, it is critical to have a compact optical biopsy device.
  • the second lens group acts as a relay lens imaging the intermediated image onto the optical detector.
  • the first and second lens groups together form an image on the optical detector without forming an intermediate image between the first and the second lens groups.
  • the first magnification is associated with a macroscopic view and the second magnification is associated with a microscopic view.
  • a macroscopic view enables viewing a significant area of a target whereas a microscopic view enables viewing the target on a cellular level with high specificity and sensitivity.
  • a combination of a macroscopic view capable of viewing a larger area of the target and a microscopic view capable of viewing the target on a cellular level is important.
  • the absolute value of the first magnification is at least 100 times smaller than the absolute value of the second magnification.
  • the higher magnification allows viewing the target on a cellular level with high specificity and sensitivity while the lower magnification allows viewing a significant area of the target. Having two different magnifications in a single unit yields a compact optical biopsy device that enables camera-like (macroscopic) and microscope-like imaging.
  • the first lens group has a focal length F 1 and the second lens group has a focal length F 2 and the first lens group and the second lens group are at a distance of D 12 .
  • the focal length F 1 of the first lens group is preferably smaller than the distance D 12 . This constraint ensures that the intermediate image is formed at the first magnification.
  • the focal length F 1 of the first lens group and the focal length F 2 of the second lens group comply with
  • the focal length of the second lens group is larger than that of the first lens group in order to be able to image the intermediate image onto the detector in the first magnification, while allowing imaging of the object onto the detector without intermediate image in the second magnification.
  • an optical biopsy device comprises an inserting tube to be inserted into a body; and a lens system secured in a tip end of the inserting tube having a first lens group and a second lens group configured to form an image at a first magnification and at a second magnification.
  • the lens system has a common optical axis in both magnifications.
  • the lens system is further configured to form an intermediate image between the first lens group and the second lens group at the first magnification.
  • the optical biopsy device further comprises a switchable lens system configured for switching between the first magnification and the second magnification.
  • the switchable lens allows more design freedom for the optical biopsy device.
  • the switchable lens system is configured to work according to the electro-wetting principle.
  • Such lenses do not have moveable parts, thus making a compact and robust lens system design possible.
  • the switchable lens system is configured to work by displacing a lens.
  • the second lens group consists of at least one fixed lens and one switchable lens. This combination improves aberration control in the lens system that can be used to increase the performance of the first lens group.
  • the optical biopsy device further comprises an image sensor.
  • the image formed by the lens is imaged on to the image sensor.
  • the optical biopsy device further comprises a fiber bundler configured for relaying an image formed and a console optically coupled to the fiber bundler.
  • the console is configured for reading out the image formed.
  • the image sensor is generally integrated into an optical head. To make the design of the optical head simpler, the image can be relayed using the fiber bundler. Instead of being imaged onto the image sensor, the target is imaged on one end of a fiber bundler. This fiber bundler consists of many tiny fibers. The image is relayed by this fiber bundler to the other end of the fiber bundler. The other end of the fiber bundler is probed by the beam of a console of the optical biopsy device.
  • the optical biopsy device further comprises a single scanning fiber configured for reading out an image formed and a console optically coupled to the single scanning fiber.
  • the console is configured for reconstructing the image formed.
  • FIGS. 1 a and 1 b show an optical biopsy device according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIGS. 2 a and 2 b show an optical biopsy device according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIGS. 3 a and 3 b show an optical biopsy device according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 4 a and 4 b show an optical biopsy device according to an embodiment of the invention, where an image sensor is replaced by a fiber bundler;
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of a confocal scanning mechanism
  • FIGS. 6 a and 6 b show an optical biopsy device where an image sensor is replaced by a scanning fiber.
  • target can be any interior region including lung, bladder, abdominal cavity, knee joint and the like.
  • the examining physician can examine the interior region and upon noticing a suspicious region i.e. a lesion, he can view in situ the single cells of the lesion.
  • Target can also be any surface to be inspected for its defects.
  • macroscopic viewing refers to viewing a larger area of the target and microscopic viewing refers to viewing the target on a cellular level with high sensitivity.
  • first lens group refers to lens elements between a target and an intermediate image and second lens group refers to lens elements between the intermediate image and an image sensor.
  • a lens system of an optical biopsy device 1 as shown in FIG. 1 a consists of a first lens group 10 and a second lens group 20 having an optical axis 60 .
  • the lens system transforms a beam 40 , 50 emerging from a target (not shown) into a beam 41 , 51 and forms an intermediate image at plane 70 .
  • the beam 41 , 51 is further transformed into a beam 42 , 52 by the second lens group 20 .
  • the intermediate image is further imaged onto an image sensor 30 by the second lens group 20 .
  • the lens system 100 images a target from close proximity, without forming any intermediate image between the first lens group 10 and the second lens group 20 .
  • the second lens group 20 images the beam onto the image sensor 30 .
  • the second lens group 20 consists of a switchable lens system configured for switching viewing between the first magnification and the second magnification of the optical biopsy device 1 , as shown in FIGS. 2 a and 2 b.
  • the second lens group 20 includes two lenses 21 and 22 in such a way that they form a cavity 23 between them.
  • the image is formed on an image sensor 30 .
  • a protective glass plate 15 is placed before the lens 16 and they together form the first lens group 10 .
  • the optical biopsy device 1 as shown in FIGS. 3 a and 3 b includes the first lens group 10 and the second lens group 20 .
  • the first lens group consists of a glass plate 15 and a lens 17 whereas the second lens group 20 includes a first lens 26 and a second switchable lens 27 .
  • the switchable lens 27 is a fluid focus lens.
  • FIGS. 4 a and 4 b show an optical biopsy device 1 including a first lens group 10 and a second lens group 20 .
  • the image sensor 30 is replaced by a fiber bundler 80 .
  • the first lens group 10 transforms a beam 40 , 50 emerging from a target (not shown) into a beam 41 , 51 and forms an intermediate image at plane 70 in between the first lens group 10 and the second lens group 20 .
  • the beam from the intermediate image 70 is further transformed into a beam 42 , 52 and forms an image onto one end of the fiber bundler 80 .
  • the image is relayed to the other end of the fiber bundler 80 and is probed by the beam 220 from a console 210 of the image sensor 30 .
  • FIG. 1 shows an optical biopsy device 1 including a first lens group 10 and a second lens group 20 .
  • the image sensor 30 is replaced by a fiber bundler 80 .
  • the first lens group 10 transforms a beam 40 , 50 emerging from a target (not shown) into a beam 41
  • the beam 40 , 50 emerging from the target is transformed into a beam 41 , 51 and 42 , 52 and forms an image onto one end of the fiber bundler 80 .
  • the image is relayed to the other end of the fiber bundler 80 and is probed by the beam 220 from a console 210 of the image sensor 30 .
  • FIG. 5 shows a confocal scanning system as described in J. Vasc. Res. 2004; 41:400-411 by E. Laemmel et al., which is an example of a console system 210 of FIG. 4 .
  • the insert 11 shows an extended view of the image bundler 2 .
  • 2 is an image bundler.
  • 3 is a lens.
  • 4 is a tilting mirror.
  • 5 is a dichroic filter.
  • 6 is a laser source.
  • 7 is a photo detector. Details of the system are described in the above reference and are included by reference.
  • FIGS. 6 a and 6 b show an optical biopsy device 1 including a first lens group 10 and a second lens group 20 .
  • the image sensor is replaced by a scanning fiber 300 that reads out the images.
  • This fiber 300 is connected to a console (not shown).
  • the first lens group 10 transforms a beam 40 , 50 emerging from a target (not shown) into a beam 41 , 51 and forms an intermediate image 70 before the second lens group 20 .
  • the beam from the intermediate image 70 is further transformed into a beam 42 , 52 and forms an image that is scanned by scanning the fiber end 310 .
  • the image formed can be read out and transferred to the console.
  • FIG. 1 shows an optical biopsy device 1 including a first lens group 10 and a second lens group 20 .
  • the image sensor is replaced by a scanning fiber 300 that reads out the images.
  • This fiber 300 is connected to a console (not shown).
  • the first lens group 10 transforms a beam 40 , 50 emerging from a target (not shown) into
  • the beam 40 , 50 emerging from the target is transformed into a beam 41 , 51 and 42 , 52 and forms an image onto one end of the fiber bundler 80 .
  • the image is scanned by scanning the fiber end 310 .
  • the image formed can be read out and transferred to the console.
  • the first lens group 10 At the first magnification, the first lens group 10 with the optical axis 60 , images the target from far away, first onto an intermediate image 70 . This intermediate image is then imaged by the second lens group 20 containing a switchable optical element, in the first switching state, onto the image sensor 30 .
  • the first lens group 10 acts as a camera and images large tissue areas (macroscopic view).
  • the first lens group 10 images the target from close proximity, forming no intermediate image between the first lens group 10 and the second lens group 20 containing a switchable optical element.
  • the switchable optical element at the second magnification images the beam onto the image sensor 30 .
  • the image sensor 30 can be a spectral detector.
  • the switchable optical system 20 can be a mechanical actuation-based optical system or can be an electro-wetting principle-based optical system.
  • a switchable lens system based on an electro-wetting principle consists of a cavity enclosed by two lenses 21 and 22 .
  • the cavity 23 between the two lenses 21 and 22 is occupied by a conducting liquid and a non-conducting liquid. Both liquids do not mix. Switching between the two liquids is achieved by making use of the electro-wetting effect as described in EP-A1-1543370. Filling the cavity 23 with two different fluids gives rise to two different focal lengths of the second lens group 20 .
  • the intermediate image 70 produced is imaged by the second lens group 20 onto the image sensor 30 .
  • the second lens group 20 acts as a relay lens.
  • the cavity 23 of the switchable lens system 20 is filled with salted water (conducting liquid).
  • salted water conducting liquid
  • the second lens group 20 is used to image the target in focus on the image sensor 30 .
  • the microscope function has a magnification of 12.8.
  • the macroscopic view has a field of view of 30 degrees and a magnification of 0.033. The change in magnification between the macroscopic and the microscopic view is thus a factor of 389.
  • R denotes the radius of each lens surface
  • r denotes the distance from the optical axis 60 and z the position of the sag of the surface in the z-direction along the optical axis 60 .
  • the coefficients A 2 to A 16 are the aspherical coefficients of the surface. If the lens surfaces are numbered from left to right in FIGS. 2 a and 2 b starting with the object plane as surface no. 0 , the image plane at the image sensor will be surface no. 10 .
  • the stop of the lens system, determining the numerical aperture of the lens system, is positioned at the lens surface of lens 16 facing the lens group 2 (surface no. 5 ). Table 1 and Table 2 show the numerical values of the parameters for the lens surfaces in macroscopic and microscopic viewing.
  • the stop diameter is 0.35 mm and the magnification is 0.0329.
  • the stop diameter is 0.8 mm and the magnification is ⁇ 12.838. All examples are designs at a wavelength of 650 nm.
  • the focal length F 1 of the first lens group is 0.545 mm and the distance D 12 between the first lens group and the second lens group is 2 mm.
  • the lens system complies with F 1 ⁇ D 12 .
  • the focal length F 2 of the second group is 2.01 mm in the macroscopic view and F 2 is 3.07 mm in the microscopic view.
  • is greater than 1 in both views.
  • the second lens group switches between the macroscopic and the microscopic viewing is possible by using the second lens group as shown in FIGS. 3 a and 3 b.
  • the first lens of the second lens group 26 is a fixed lens
  • the second lens 27 is a fluid focus lens as described in US-B2-7126903.
  • the fluid focus lens 27 consists of water and oil.
  • an intermediate image 70 is formed in between the first lens group 10 and the second lens group 20 , which intermediate image is further imaged by the second lens group 20 onto the image sensor 30 .
  • the second lens group 20 with the lens 27 in the first switching state, acts as a relay lens.
  • the microscope function has an absolute value of the magnification of 9.4.
  • the macroscopic view has a field of view of 30 degrees, with the absolute value of the magnification equal to 0.036.
  • the change in magnification between the macroscopic and the microscopic view is thus a factor of 262.
  • Table 3 and Table 4 show the numerical values of the parameters for this design in macroscopic and microscopic viewing, respectively.
  • the stop diameter is 0.26 mm.
  • the stop diameter is 0.8 mm. All examples are designs at a wavelength of 650 nm.
  • the focal length F 1 of the first lens group is 0.545 mm and the distance D 12 between the first lens group and the second lens group is 1.5 mm. Furthermore, the focal length F 2 of the second lens group is 1.54 mm in the macroscopic view and is 3.27 mm in the microscopic view. Hence
  • the image is formed on the image sensor 30 .
  • relaying the image using a fiber bundle technique as described for instance in J. Vasc. Res. 2004; 41:400-411 by E. Laemmel et al. is preferably employed.
  • the image is now imaged on one end of a fiber bundler 80 as shown in FIGS. 4 a and 4 b.
  • This fiber bundler 80 consists of many tiny fibers.
  • the image is then relayed by this fiber bundler to the other end of the fiber bundler 80 .
  • the other end of the fiber can now be probed by the beam 220 of the console 210 .
  • console 210 is for instance a confocal scanning system as shown in FIG. 5 and as described in J. Vasc. Res. 2004; 41:400-411 by E. Laemmel et al.
  • This reference shows an example of the scanning system 210 and 220 of FIGS. 4 a and 4 b to read out the relayed image by means of the fiber bundler 80 .
  • a single scanning fiber 300 is used for relaying the image formed.
  • This fiber 300 is connected to a console (not shown). By scanning the fiber end 310 , the image formed by the optical probe can be read out and transferred to the console as described in US-A1-20050052753.
  • the switchable lens may be of any type, such as a displaceable lens being moved by a mechanical motor or a switchable lens based on liquid crystal principles.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
US12/666,545 2007-06-28 2008-06-25 Lens system Abandoned US20100171820A1 (en)

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US12/666,545 US20100171820A1 (en) 2007-06-28 2008-06-25 Lens system
US15/876,709 US11119305B2 (en) 2007-06-28 2018-01-22 Lens system

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US94676607P 2007-06-28 2007-06-28
US12/666,545 US20100171820A1 (en) 2007-06-28 2008-06-25 Lens system
PCT/IB2008/052532 WO2009001300A1 (en) 2007-06-28 2008-06-25 Lens system

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US12/666,545 Abandoned US20100171820A1 (en) 2007-06-28 2008-06-25 Lens system
US15/876,709 Active 2029-10-31 US11119305B2 (en) 2007-06-28 2018-01-22 Lens system
US17/462,593 Pending US20210396985A1 (en) 2007-06-28 2021-08-31 Lens system

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US15/876,709 Active 2029-10-31 US11119305B2 (en) 2007-06-28 2018-01-22 Lens system
US17/462,593 Pending US20210396985A1 (en) 2007-06-28 2021-08-31 Lens system

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US (3) US20100171820A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2162779B1 (de)
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US8226566B2 (en) 2009-06-12 2012-07-24 Flowcardia, Inc. Device and method for vascular re-entry
JP6807818B2 (ja) * 2017-09-27 2021-01-06 富士フイルム株式会社 内視鏡用対物光学系および内視鏡
WO2020074065A1 (de) * 2018-10-09 2020-04-16 Eardley Holding Ag Optische baugruppe, optisches instrument und verfahren
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JP2019159272A (ja) * 2018-03-16 2019-09-19 学校法人自治医科大学 光学装置

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CN101688972A (zh) 2010-03-31
US20210396985A1 (en) 2021-12-23
EP2162779A1 (de) 2010-03-17
US20180143422A1 (en) 2018-05-24
CN101688972B (zh) 2012-08-29

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