US20100046367A1 - Power and resource efficient appdu based approach with scheduled data transmission times for wlan - Google Patents

Power and resource efficient appdu based approach with scheduled data transmission times for wlan Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100046367A1
US20100046367A1 US12/273,103 US27310308A US2010046367A1 US 20100046367 A1 US20100046367 A1 US 20100046367A1 US 27310308 A US27310308 A US 27310308A US 2010046367 A1 US2010046367 A1 US 2010046367A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
physical layer
layer packet
mac packets
transmission schedule
node
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US12/273,103
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English (en)
Inventor
Sameer Vermani
Hemanth Sampath
Vinay Sridhara
Alok Aggarwal
Vincent Knowles Jones, IV
Maarten Menzo Wentink
Santosh Abraham
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Qualcomm Inc
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Qualcomm Inc
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Priority to US12/273,103 priority Critical patent/US20100046367A1/en
Assigned to QUALCOMM INCORPORATED reassignment QUALCOMM INCORPORATED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SRIDHARA, VINAY, SAMPATH, HEMANTH, VERMANI, SAMEER, JONES, VINCENT KNOWLES, IV, WENTINK, MAARTEN MENZO, ABRAHAM, SANTOSH, AGGARWAL, ALOK
Priority to PCT/US2009/054510 priority patent/WO2010022265A2/en
Priority to JP2011524002A priority patent/JP2012501102A/ja
Priority to EP09791752A priority patent/EP2321923A2/en
Priority to CN2009801320165A priority patent/CN102124687A/zh
Priority to TW098128140A priority patent/TW201025912A/zh
Priority to KR1020117006497A priority patent/KR20110076886A/ko
Publication of US20100046367A1 publication Critical patent/US20100046367A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/1607—Details of the supervisory signal
    • H04L1/1685—Details of the supervisory signal the supervisory signal being transmitted in response to a specific request, e.g. to a polling signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1829—Arrangements specially adapted for the receiver end
    • H04L1/1854—Scheduling and prioritising arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/06—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/12—Wireless traffic scheduling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/1607—Details of the supervisory signal
    • H04L1/1628—List acknowledgements, i.e. the acknowledgement message consisting of a list of identifiers, e.g. of sequence numbers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L2001/0092—Error control systems characterised by the topology of the transmission link
    • H04L2001/0093—Point-to-multipoint
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the following description relates generally to communication systems, and more particularly to power and resource efficiency in a wireless network.
  • MIMO Multiple Input or Multiple Output
  • IEEE 802.11 denotes a set of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) air interface standards developed by the IEEE 802.11 committee for short-range communications (e.g., tens of meters to a few hundred meters).
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
  • MIMO technology holds great promise for wireless communication systems of the future. However, there is still a need to further increase data throughput within MIMO applications, as well as other communication technologies.
  • an apparatus includes a processing system configured to generate a physical layer packet for transmission to a node, the physical layer packet having a plurality of MAC packets, wherein the physical layer packet includes a transmission schedule associated with the plurality of MAC packets in the physical layer packet.
  • an apparatus in another aspect of the disclosure, includes a processing system configured to receive a physical layer packet from a node, the physical layer packet having a plurality of MAC packets, wherein the physical layer packet includes a transmission schedule associated with the plurality of MAC packets in the physical layer packet.
  • a method of communication includes generating a physical layer packet for transmission to a node, the physical layer packet having a plurality of MAC packets, wherein the physical layer packet includes a transmission schedule associated with the plurality of MAC packets in the physical layer packet.
  • a method of communication includes receiving a physical layer packet from a node, the physical layer packet having a plurality of MAC packets, wherein the physical layer packet includes a transmission schedule associated with the plurality of MAC packets in the physical layer packet.
  • an apparatus for communication includes means for generating a physical layer packet for transmission to a node; and means for providing a plurality of MAC packets in the physical layer packet; wherein the physical layer packet includes a transmission schedule associated with the plurality of MAC packets in the physical layer packet.
  • an apparatus for communication includes means for receiving a physical layer packet from a node; and means for providing a plurality of MAC packets in the physical layer packet; wherein the physical layer packet includes a transmission schedule associated with the plurality of MAC packets in the physical layer packet.
  • a computer-program product for communication includes a machine-readable medium encoded with instructions executable to: generate a physical layer packet for transmission to a node, the physical layer packet having a plurality of MAC packets, wherein the physical layer packet includes a transmission schedule associated with the plurality of MAC packets in the physical layer packet.
  • a computer-program product for communication includes a machine-readable medium encoded with instructions executable to: receive a physical layer packet from a node, the physical layer packet having a plurality of MAC packets, wherein the physical layer packet includes a transmission schedule associated with the plurality of MAC packets in the physical layer packet.
  • an access point in another aspect of the disclosure, includes a processing system configured to generate a physical layer packet for transmission to a node, the physical layer packet having a plurality of MAC packets, wherein the physical layer packet includes a transmission schedule associated with the plurality of MAC packets in the physical layer packet; and a wireless network adapter configured to support a backhaul connection for a peer node to a network.
  • an access terminal includes a processing system configured to receive a physical layer packet from a node, the physical layer packet having a plurality of MAC packets, wherein the physical layer packet includes a transmission schedule associated with the plurality of MAC packets in the physical layer packet; and a user interface supported by the processing system.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of a wireless communications network
  • FIG. 2 illustrates frame aggregation in MAC and PHY layers of a wireless node in the wireless communications network of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of aggregated data transmission with scheduled block acknowledgements
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a DTT payload in a segment of a wireless node in the wireless communications network of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an example of signal processing functions of a PHY layer of a wireless node in the wireless communications network of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary hardware configuration for a processing system in a wireless node in the wireless communications network of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 are flow charts illustrating functionality of software modules with respect to various aspects disclosed in FIGS. 2-6 ;
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the functionality of an apparatus for communication according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the functionality of an apparatus for communication 1000 according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • the wireless network 100 is shown with several wireless nodes, generally designated as nodes 110 and 120 .
  • Each wireless node is capable of receiving and/or transmitting.
  • the term “receiving node” may be used to refer to a node that is receiving and the term “transmitting node” may be used to refer to a node that is transmitting. Such a reference does not imply that the node is incapable of performing both transmit and receive operations.
  • an access point is used to designate a transmitting node and the term “access terminal” is used to designate a receiving node for downlink communications
  • the term “access point” is used to designate a receiving node
  • the term “access terminal” is used to designate a transmitting node for uplink communications.
  • an access point may be referred to as a base station, a base transceiver station, a station, a terminal, a node, an access terminal acting as an access point, or some other suitable terminology.
  • An access terminal may be referred to as a user terminal, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a station, a wireless device, a terminal, a node, or some other suitable terminology.
  • a user terminal a mobile station, a subscriber station, a station, a wireless device, a terminal, a node, or some other suitable terminology.
  • the various concepts described throughout this disclosure are intended to apply to all suitable wireless nodes regardless of their specific nomenclature.
  • the wireless network 100 may support any number of access points distributed throughout a geographic region to provide coverage for access terminals 120 .
  • a system controller 130 may be used to provide coordination and control of the access points, as well as access to other networks (e.g., Internet) for the access terminals 120 .
  • one access point 110 is shown.
  • An access point is generally a fixed terminal that provides backhaul services to access terminals in the geographic region of coverage; however, the access point may be mobile in some applications.
  • An access terminal which may be fixed or mobile, utilizes the backhaul services of an access point or engages in peer-to-peer communications with other access terminals.
  • access terminals include a telephone (e.g., cellular telephone), a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player), a camera, a game console, or any other suitable wireless node.
  • a telephone e.g., cellular telephone
  • laptop computer e.g., a laptop computer
  • desktop computer e.g., a desktop computer
  • PDA Personal Digital Assistant
  • digital audio player e.g., MP3 player
  • camera e.g., a game console, or any other suitable wireless node.
  • the wireless network 100 may support MIMO technology.
  • an access point 110 may communicate with multiple access terminals 120 simultaneously using Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA).
  • SDMA is a multiple access scheme which enables multiple streams transmitted to different receivers at the same time to share the same frequency channel and, as a result, provide higher user capacity. This is achieved by spatially preceding each data stream on the downlink.
  • the spatially precoded data streams arrive at the access terminals with different spatial signatures, which enable each access terminal 120 to recover the data stream destined for that access terminal 120 .
  • One or more access terminals 120 may be equipped with multiple antennas to enable certain functionality. With this configuration, multiple antennas at the access point 110 may be used to communicate with a multiple antenna access terminal to improve data throughput without additional bandwidth or transmit power. This may be achieved by splitting a high data rate signal at the transmitter into multiple lower rate data streams with different spatial signatures, thus enabling the receiver to separate these streams into multiple channels and properly combine the streams to recover the high rate data signal.
  • the access point 110 may also be configured to support access terminals that do not support MIMO technology. This approach may allow older versions of access terminals (i.e., “legacy” terminals) to remain deployed in a wireless network, extending their useful lifetime, while allowing newer MIMO access terminals to be introduced as appropriate.
  • legacy terminals older versions of access terminals
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • suitable wireless technologies include, by way of example, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), or any other suitable wireless technology, or any combination of suitable wireless technologies.
  • a CDMA system may implement with IS-2000, IS-95, IS-856, Wideband-CDMA (WCDMA), or some other suitable air interface standard.
  • a TDMA system may implement Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or some other suitable air interface standard.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • a wireless node may be implemented with a protocol that utilizes a layered structure.
  • a layered structure may include an application layer 202 , a Medium Access Control layer (MAC) 204 and a physical layer (PHY) 206 .
  • the physical layer 206 implements all the physical and electrical specifications to interface the wireless node to the shared wireless channel.
  • the MAC layer 204 coordinates access to the shared wireless channel and is used to interface higher layers, such as the application layer 202 , to the physical layer 206 .
  • the application layer 202 performs various data processing functions including, by way of example, speech and multimedia codecs and graphics processing.
  • the wireless node may act as a relay point between an access point and an access terminal, or two access terminals, and therefore, may not require an application layer.
  • data packet as used herein is to be construed broadly as any of a MAC packet, an aggregate MAC packet (described below), a physical layer payload (also described below), a packet received from the application layer, fragments and/or combinations of other packets, a frame, packet, timeslot, segment, or any other suitable nomenclature.
  • the application layer 202 processes data, segments the data into packets 208 , and provides the data packets 208 to the MAC layer 204 .
  • the MAC layer 204 assembles MAC packets 210 with each data packet 208 from the application layer 202 being carried by the payload 212 of a MAC packet 210 .
  • Each MAC packet 210 includes a MAC header 214 appended to the payload 212 .
  • the MAC packet 210 is sometimes referred to as a MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU), but may also be referred to as a frame, packet, timeslot, segment, or any other suitable nomenclature.
  • MPDU MAC Protocol Data Unit
  • FIG. 2 shows one application layer data packet 208 per MAC packet 210 , it is also possible to incorporate multiple application layer data packets into the payload of one MAC packet. Alternatively, multiple application layer data packets may be fragmented and distributed over more than one MAC packet.
  • An aggregate MAC packet 216 is sometimes referred to as an aggregate MAC protocol data unit (AMPDU).
  • AMPDU aggregate MAC protocol data unit
  • Each MAC packet 210 in the aggregate MAC packet 216 is appended with a subframe header 218 .
  • a MAC packet appended with a subframe header as shown in FIG. 2 is referred to herein simply as a subframe 220 .
  • the aggregate MAC packet 216 may be made up of several such subframes 220 .
  • Each subframe header 218 may include a length field 219 , error detection 222 , and a delimiter signature 224 .
  • each subframe 220 may be determined by the length field 219 and delimiter signature 224 .
  • the error detection may comprise a cyclic redundancy check, a checksum, or any other suitable error detection code that enables verification of respective subframes 220 independently.
  • MAC-level frame aggregation as described above allows for the removal of spaces between MAC packets (inter-frame spaces) as well as the removal of redundancies in the MAC headers (header compression). For example, if each MAC packet 210 in an aggregate MAC packet 216 is to be transmitted to the same receiving node, the destination address may be eliminated from the MAC headers 214 of the subframes 220 following the first subframe in the aggregate MAC packet 216 .
  • each subframe may include more than one MAC packet.
  • multiple MAC packets may be fragmented and distributed over more than one subframe.
  • the subframes 220 in the aggregate MAC packet 216 are to be transmitted to the same receiving node, they are not required to have the same source address.
  • the PHY layer 204 When the MAC layer 204 decides to transmit, it provides the aggregate MAC packet 216 to the PHY layer 206 .
  • the PHY layer assembles a PHY packet 226 by appending a preamble (sometimes referred to as a Physical Layer Convergence Protocol (PLCP)) 228 and a header 230 to the payload 232 carrying the aggregate MAC packet.
  • the PHY packet is sometimes referred to as a Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), but may also be referred to as a frame, packet, timeslot, segment, or any other suitable nomenclature.
  • the preamble may include at least one Short Training Field (STF) 234 and at least one Long Training Field (LTF) 236 .
  • STF Short Training Field
  • LTF Long Training Field
  • the STF and LTF may be used by a receiving node for detecting the start of the PHY packet 226 , synchronizing to the transmitter's node data clock, performing channel estimation, calculating the AGC gain, and in some cases, estimating spatial streams in networks supporting MIMO technology.
  • the header 230 may include a Signal Field (SIG) 238 .
  • the SIG field 238 may include information regarding the data rate and length of the payload 232 .
  • the PHY packet 226 shown in FIG. 2 may be assembled into an aggregate PHY packet 240 .
  • the aggregate PHY packet 240 includes a PHY preamble 228 including an STF 234 and an LTF 236 . Following the preamble 228 are three (although fewer or more than three are possible) PHY payloads 232 , each one of which is preceded by a corresponding PHY header 230 including a SIG 238 .
  • Each of the PHY payloads 232 includes an aggregate MAC packet 216 . As explained above, each MAC packet 210 in an aggregate MAC packet 216 is delivered to the same receiving node. However, each of the PHY layer payloads 232 in the aggregate PHY packet 240 may be transmitted to the same or different receiving nodes.
  • the SIG 238 is provided before each PHY layer payload 232 to allow each aggregate MAC packet 216 to be transmitted at a different data rate.
  • only one PHY layer preamble 228 is required for the entire aggregate PHY packet 240 .
  • only one PHY layer preamble 228 is required for multiple aggregate MAC packets 216 , even if they are being transmitted to different receiving nodes. All receiving nodes can estimate the channel, synchronize and calculate the AGC gain using one preamble.
  • Combining PHY layer payloads in an aggregate PHY packet allows for removal of inter frame spacing between aggregate MAC packets as well as aggregation of the preambles (training fields) for multiple aggregate MAC packets.
  • each PHY layer payload may include more than one aggregate MAC packet.
  • one or more aggregate MAC packets may be fragmented and distributed over more than one PHY layer payload.
  • the PHY layer 206 is also responsible for providing various signal processing functions (e.g., modulating, coding, spatial processing, etc.).
  • the PHY layer 206 detects an incoming aggregate PHY packet 240 from the wireless channel.
  • the preamble 228 allows the PHY layer 206 to lock in on the aggregate PHY packet 240 and perform various signal processing functions (e.g., demodulating, decoding, spatial processing, etc.).
  • the PHY layer 206 recovers the aggregate MAC packets 216 carried in the payloads 232 of the aggregate PHY packet 240 and provides the aggregate MAC packets 216 to the MAC layer 204 .
  • the MAC layer 204 recovers the aggregate MAC packets 216 with the source address for the receiving node in one or more of the MAC headers 214 .
  • the MAC layer 204 then checks the error detection code for each of the MAC packets 210 in the recovered aggregate MAC packets 216 to determine whether it was successfully decoded. If the error detection code for a MAC packet 210 indicates that it was successfully decoded, then the payload 212 for the MAC packet is provided to the application layer 202 . If the error detection code for a MAC packet 210 indicates that it was unsuccessfully decoded, the MAC packet 210 is discarded.
  • the transmitting node may send an acknowledgment (ACK) request to the receiving node.
  • the ACK request may take the form of a Block ACK Request (BAR) which requests the receiving node to acknowledge every MAC packet 210 transmitted in the aggregate MAC packet 216 .
  • BAR Block ACK Request
  • BA Block ACK
  • the transmitting node uses the BA to determine which MAC packets 210 , if any, require retransmission.
  • the transmitting node (labeled as AP 100 in the example described below with respect to FIG. 3 ) can specify a schedule of BAs for all receiving nodes.
  • an aggregate PHY packet may be configured to carry a schedule for the BAs in one of the PHY payloads 232 a.
  • the schedule may be provided to each receiving node (labeled as ATs 101 - 110 in FIG. 3 ) with a channel designation for transmitting the BA.
  • the channel designation may include transmission time, frequency channel, code channel, and/or some other suitable or desirable channel designation.
  • the channel designation is a schedule of transmission times for the receiving nodes to send back BAs to the transmitting node.
  • This schedule will be referred to herein as a Block ACK Time Assignment (BATA).
  • BATA Block ACK Time Assignment
  • the BATA carried in the PHY payload 232 a is preceded by the PHY preamble 228 of the aggregate PHY packet 240 and a header 230 a directed to the BATA.
  • the header 230 a may include a designation indicating a data rate for transmission of the BATA.
  • the BATA is transmitted to each node receiving an aggregate MAC packet carried in the payload 232 of the aggregate PHY packet 240 and includes a schedule of Block ACK channel designations for each station.
  • each receiving node sends a BA back to the transmitting node at its scheduled time.
  • a Data Transmission Time (DTT) schedule may be transmitted to each receiving node.
  • the DTT may be included as the first PHY payload in the aggregate PHY packet.
  • FIG. 4 shows a DTT in the payload 232 b of an aggregate PHY packet 240 .
  • the DTT follows the PHY preamble 228 and includes a header 230 b comprising a SIG indicating a data rate for transmission of the DTT.
  • the DTT includes a DTT Table, which includes the receiving nodes for the aggregate PHY packet 240 , a node identification (NodeID) field identifying each receiving node with a unique NodeID and a data transmission time field including a unique transmission time for each receiving node identified in the NodeID field.
  • NodeID node identification
  • the DTT includes a DTT Table, which includes the receiving nodes for the aggregate PHY packet 240 , a node identification (NodeID) field identifying each receiving node with a unique NodeID and a data transmission time field including a unique transmission time for each receiving node identified in the NodeID field.
  • the BATA can be a PHY packet, or distributed as part of MAC packets, while the DTT may be transmitted as a PHY payload in the aggregate PHY packet.
  • FIG. 5 is a conceptual block diagram illustrating an example of the signal processing functions of the PHY layer.
  • a TX data processor 502 may be used to receive data from the MAC layer and encode (e.g., Turbo code) the data to facilitate forward error correction (FEC) at the receiving node.
  • FEC forward error correction
  • the encoding process results in a sequence of code symbols that that may be blocked together and mapped to a signal constellation by the TX data processor 502 to produce a sequence of modulation symbols.
  • the modulation symbols from the TX data processor 502 may be provided to an OFDM modulator 504 .
  • the OFDM modulator splits the modulation symbols into parallel streams. Each stream is then mapped to an OFDM subcarrier and then combined together using an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to produce a time domain OFDM stream.
  • IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
  • a TX spatial processor 506 performs spatial processing on the OFDM stream. This may be accomplished by spatially precoding each OFDM and then providing each spatially precoded stream to a different antenna 508 via a transceiver 506 . Each transmitter 506 modulates an RF carrier with a respective precoded stream for transmission over the wireless channel.
  • each transceiver 506 receives a signal through its respective antenna 508 .
  • Each transceiver 506 may be used to recover the information modulated onto an RF carrier and provide the information to a RX spatial processor 510 .
  • the RX spatial processor 510 performs spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the wireless node 500 .
  • the spatial processing may be performed in accordance with Channel Correlation Matrix Inversion (CCMI), Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE), Soft Interference Cancellation (SIC), or some other suitable technique. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the wireless node 500 , they may be combined by the RX spatial processor 510 .
  • CCMI Channel Correlation Matrix Inversion
  • MMSE Minimum Mean Square Error
  • SIC Soft Interference Cancellation
  • the stream (or combined stream) from the RX spatial processor 510 is provided to an OFDM demodulator 512 .
  • the OFDM demodulator 512 converts the stream (or combined stream) from time-domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).
  • the frequency domain signal comprises a separate stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal.
  • the OFDM demodulator 512 recovers the data (i.e., modulation symbols) carried on each subcarrier and multiplexes the data into a stream of modulation symbols.
  • a RX data processor 514 may be used to translate the modulation symbols back to the correct point in the signal constellation. Because of noise and other disturbances in the wireless channel, the modulation symbols may not correspond to an exact location of a point in the original signal constellation. The RX data processor 514 detects which modulation symbol was most likely transmitted by finding the smallest distance between the received point and the location of a valid symbol in the signal constellation. These soft decisions may be used, in the case of Turbo codes, for example, to compute a Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR) of the code symbols associated with the given modulation symbols. The RX data processor 514 then uses the sequence of code symbol LLRs in order to decode the data that was originally transmitted before providing the data to the MAC layer.
  • LLR Log-Likelihood Ratio
  • FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration for a processing system in a wireless node.
  • the processing system 600 may be implemented with a bus architecture represented generally by bus 602 .
  • the bus 602 may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on the specific application of the processing system 600 and the overall design constraints.
  • the bus links together various circuits including a processor 604 , machine-readable media 606 , and a bus interface 608 .
  • the bus interface 608 may be used to connect a network adapter 610 , among other things, to the processing system 600 via the bus 602 .
  • the network adapter 610 may be used to implement the signal processing functions of the PHY layer. In the case of an access terminal 110 (see FIG.
  • a user interface 612 e.g., keypad, display, mouse, joystick, etc.
  • the bus 602 may also link various other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, and the like, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further.
  • the processor 604 is responsible for managing the bus and general processing, including the execution of software stored on the machine-readable media 606 .
  • the processor 604 may be implemented with one or more general-purpose and/or special-purpose processors. Examples include microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSP processors, and other circuitry that can execute software.
  • Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, data, or any combination thereof, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
  • Machine-readable media may include, by way of example, RAM (Random Access Memory), flash memory, ROM (Read Only Memory), PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), registers, magnetic disks, optical disks, hard drives, or any other suitable storage medium, or any combination thereof.
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • ROM Read Only Memory
  • PROM Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • registers magnetic disks, optical disks, hard drives, or any other suitable storage medium, or any combination thereof.
  • the machine-readable media may be embodied in a computer-program products
  • the computer-program product may comprise packaging materials.
  • the machine-readable media 606 is shown as part of the processing system 600 separate from the processor 604 .
  • the machine-readable media 606 may be external to the processing system 600 .
  • the machine-readable media 606 may include a transmission line, a carrier wave modulated by data, and/or a computer product separate from the wireless node, all which may be accessed by the processor 604 through the bus interface 608 .
  • the machine readable media 606 may be integrated into the processor 604 , such as the case may be with cache and/or general register files.
  • the processing system 600 may be configured as a general-purpose processing system with one or more microprocessors providing the processor functionality and external memory providing at least a portion of the machine-readable media 606 , all linked together with other supporting circuitry through an external bus architecture.
  • the processing system 600 may be implemented with an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) with the processor 604 , the bus interface 608 , the user interface 612 in the case of an access terminal), supporting circuitry (not shown), and at least a portion of the machine-readable media 606 integrated into a single chip, or with one or more FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array), PLDs (Programmable Logic Device), controllers, state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware components, or any other suitable circuitry, or any combination of circuits that can perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure.
  • FPGAs Field Programmable Gate Array
  • PLDs Programmable Logic Device
  • controllers state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware components, or any other suitable circuitry, or any combination of circuit
  • the machine-readable media 606 is shown with a number of software modules.
  • the software modules include instructions that when executed by the processor 604 cause the processing system 600 to perform various functions.
  • the software modules include a transmission module 700 and a receiving module 800 .
  • Each software module may reside in a single storage device or distributed across multiple storage devices.
  • a software module may be loaded into RAM from a hard drive when a triggering event occurs.
  • the processor 604 may load some of the instructions into cache to increase access speed.
  • One or more cache lines may then be loaded into a general register file for execution by the processor 604 .
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating an example of the functionality of the transmission module.
  • the transmission module 700 may be used to obtain data packets from the application layer (S 702 ), assemble the data packets into MAC packets by fragmenting and/or concatenating data packets and appending a MAC header to each MAC packet (S 704 ), as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the transmission module 700 may embed a BATA in one or more of the MAC packets, such as in one or more of the MAC packet headers (S 706 ).
  • the transmission module 700 generates multiple subframes by appending a subframe header to each of the MAC packets and packaging the subframes into aggregate MAC packets (S 708 ).
  • the transmission module 700 sends the aggregated MAC packets to the PHY layer (S 710 ).
  • the PHY layer receives the aggregated MAC packets (S 712 ) and may be used to package multiple aggregated MAC packets into an aggregate PHY packet by: optionally fragmenting and/or concatenating aggregated MAC packets; combining aggregated MAC packets (including fragments if appropriate) into one or more PHY payloads (S 714 ); appending a PHY layer header to each PHY payload (S 716 ); and appending a preamble to the beginning of the aggregated PHY packet (S 718 ).
  • the transmission module 700 may include the BATA as a payload of the aggregated PHY packet and append a header to the PHY payload carrying the BATA (S 720 ).
  • the transmission module 700 may also add a DTT as a separate PHY payload following the PHY preamble, and append a header to the PHY payload carrying the DTT (S 720 ).
  • the transmission module 700 then provides the aggregated PHY packet to the bus interface 608 for delivery to the network adaptor 610 for transmission over the wireless channel (see FIG. 6 ). If included, the DTT may be the first payload of the PHY packet.
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating an example of the functionality of the receiving module.
  • the software module 800 may be used to receive aggregate PHY packets including a BATA from the network adapter 610 via the bus interface 608 (see FIG. 6 ) (S 802 ).
  • the module 800 checks to see whether a DTT has been received (S 804 ). If a DTT has been received (as shown in FIG. 4 , for example), the module 800 reserves resources by going to sleep until the scheduled time to receive a transmission (S 806 ). At the scheduled time, the module 800 decodes the received aggregate PHY packets and performs error detection on the MAC packets in the aggregated PHY packets addressed to the receiving node (S 808 ). The module 800 then waits until the allotted time indicated in the BATA (S 810 ) and sends a BA to the network adaptor 610 (see FIG. 6 ) at the allotted time, as shown in FIG. 3 (S 812 ).
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the functionality of an apparatus for communication 900 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the apparatus includes a processing system having a module 902 for generating a physical layer packet for transmission to a node, the physical layer packet including a transmission schedule associated with a plurality of MAC packets in the physical layer packet, and a module 904 for providing the plurality of MAC packets in the physical layer packet.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the functionality of an apparatus for communication 1000 according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • the apparatus includes a processing system having a module 1002 for receiving a data packet from a node, including a transmission schedule associated with a plurality of MAC packets in a physical layer packet, and a module 1004 for providing the plurality of MAC packets in the physical layer packet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Communication Control (AREA)
  • Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)
US12/273,103 2008-08-20 2008-11-18 Power and resource efficient appdu based approach with scheduled data transmission times for wlan Abandoned US20100046367A1 (en)

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US12/273,103 US20100046367A1 (en) 2008-08-20 2008-11-18 Power and resource efficient appdu based approach with scheduled data transmission times for wlan
PCT/US2009/054510 WO2010022265A2 (en) 2008-08-20 2009-08-20 A power and resource efficient appdu based approach with scheduled data transmission times for wlan
JP2011524002A JP2012501102A (ja) 2008-08-20 2009-08-20 Ｗｌａｎのためのスケジューリングされたブロック肯定応答による、電力およびリソース効率のよい集約物理レイヤｐｄｕベースのアプローチ
EP09791752A EP2321923A2 (en) 2008-08-20 2009-08-20 A power and resource efficient aggregate physical layer pdu based approach with scheduled block acknowledgements for wlan
CN2009801320165A CN102124687A (zh) 2008-08-20 2009-08-20 用于wlan的具有调度块确认的有功率及资源效率的基于集合物理层pdu的方法
TW098128140A TW201025912A (en) 2008-08-20 2009-08-20 A power and resource efficient APPDU based approach with scheduled data transmission times for WLAN
KR1020117006497A KR20110076886A (ko) 2008-08-20 2009-08-20 Ｗｌａｎ에 대한 스케줄링 데이터 송신 시간들을 이용하는 전력 및 리소스 효율적인 ａｐｐｄｕ 기반 접근

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US20100046441A1 (en) 2010-02-25
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