US20090302276A1 - Anticorrosive composition - Google Patents

Anticorrosive composition Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090302276A1
US20090302276A1 US12/480,986 US48098609A US2009302276A1 US 20090302276 A1 US20090302276 A1 US 20090302276A1 US 48098609 A US48098609 A US 48098609A US 2009302276 A1 US2009302276 A1 US 2009302276A1
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Prior art keywords
molecular weight
fraction
molasses
corrosion
anticorrosive composition
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US12/480,986
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Robert A. Hartley
David H. Wood
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SEARS ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS Co AND SEARS PETROLEUM & TRANSPORT CORP LLC
SEARS PRETROLEUM and TRANSPORT Corp AND SEARS ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS CO LLC
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SEARS PRETROLEUM and TRANSPORT Corp AND SEARS ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS CO LLC
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Priority to US12/480,986 priority Critical patent/US20090302276A1/en
Assigned to SEARS ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS CO. LLC AND SEARS PETROLEUM & TRANSPORT CORP reassignment SEARS ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS CO. LLC AND SEARS PETROLEUM & TRANSPORT CORP ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HARTLEY, ROBERT A., WOOD, DAVID H.
Publication of US20090302276A1 publication Critical patent/US20090302276A1/en
Priority to US13/487,915 priority patent/US8647532B2/en
Priority to US14/176,710 priority patent/US8951442B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
    • C09D5/082—Anti-corrosive paints characterised by the anti-corrosive pigment
    • C09D5/086—Organic or non-macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K15/00—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change
    • C09K15/34—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change containing plant or animal materials of unknown composition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/18—Materials not provided for elsewhere for application to surfaces to minimize adherence of ice, mist or water thereto; Thawing or antifreeze materials for application to surfaces
    • C09K3/185—Thawing materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/54—Compositions for in situ inhibition of corrosion in boreholes or wells

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to corrosion caused by exposure to a corrosive environment and, more specifically, to the use of an anticorrosive agent that has a wide range of applicability in reducing corrosion.
  • Corrosion problems caused by exposure to and/or the use of chloride salt has been a longstanding problem in many applications and industries, including deicing and anti-icing for roadways and bridges (often causing rebar corrosion), oil well drilling operations, and other industrial and marine applications carried out in corrosive environments.
  • chloride salts are their use in industrial brines.
  • a brine can be an aqueous solution of chloride salts alone, or in combination with sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium cations.
  • the present invention relates to the discovery that melanoidins, and higher molecular weight fractions of products containing melanoidins, provide significant corrosive inhibition, which render these melanoidins suitable for use as anticorrosive agents in corrosive environments.
  • the melanoidins of the present invention are environmentally friendly and non-toxic, and can be found in animal food and in human foodstuffs.
  • these additives can be used (e.g., additives to industrial brines, deicing formulations for roadways and bridges, oil well drilling, and in other industrial and marine applications where corrosion is a problem).
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a GPC profile for sucrose.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a GPC profile for a component having a molecular weight of 12,400.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a GPC profile for 79.5 Brix Molasses.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a GPC profile for Fraction A obtained from the alcohol precipitation of the molasses.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a GPC profile for the higher molecular weight fraction (retentate) obtained from the dialysis of Fraction A.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a GPC profile for the lower molecular weight fraction (permeate) obtained from the dialysis of Fraction A.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a GPC profile for the higher molecular weight fraction (retentate) obtained from the ultrafiltration of the molasses.
  • the present invention relates to the discovery that melanoidins, and higher molecular weight fractions of products containing melanoidins, provide significant corrosive inhibition, which render these melanoidins suitable for use as anticorrosive agents in corrosive environments.
  • Melanoidins are brown-colored polymers formed by the interaction of amino acids and carbohydrates (e.g., mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides). Melanoidins are formed by a reaction between carbohydrates/saccharides and amino acids during aqueous processing at elevated temperatures (e.g., 70 to 120° C.). This is known as the Maillard Reaction which is a complex reaction with a network of consecutive and parallel chemical reactions.
  • the molecular weights of melanoidins can vary from about 400 to more than 100,000 depending upon reaction conditions (e.g., temperature, time, pH, water content), the molecular weight of the melanoidins suitable for use in the present invention is above about 10,000, with a preferred range being about 12,400 and higher (i.e., higher molecular weight melanoidins).
  • Melanoidins contain groups (e.g., amino, carboxyl) which can chelate ferrous ions.
  • ferrous ions are produced at the steel anode. Inhibition of the corrosion process at the anode occurs when chelation/complexation of the ferrous ions occur.
  • the type of saccharide is a significant factor in the chelation reaction. For example, glucose is more efficient than the disaccharide lactose in iron binding ability. It has also been shown that glucose/glutamic acid readily complexes with several cations e.g. Mg 2+ , Cu 2+ , Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ . Therefore anodic inhibition will occur.
  • the cathode in the corrosion cell requires the presence of oxygen for corrosion to occur. Removing oxygen causes cathodic inhibition.
  • Melanoidins from the Maillard Reaction have been shown to have anti-oxidative properties.
  • researchers have examined a glucose/glycine model and found anti-oxidation effects.
  • Others have used the glucose/glycine model and found that the high molecular weight fraction, with a molecular weight greater than 12,400 was significantly more effective than other fractions.
  • Still others have examined Maillard Reaction products from lactose/lysine model systems and concluded that high molecular weight fractions were more colored and had the highest anti-oxidative activity. Therefore cathodic inhibition will occur.
  • Molasses derived from sugar cane was selected as the exemplary source for obtaining the higher molecular weight melanoidins of the description of the present invention.
  • Melanoidins are present in molasses, which is a product of the manufacture and/or refining of sucrose from mainly sugar cane or sugar beets, although molasses can be obtained from the processing of citrus fruit, starch (from corn or grain sorghum) which is hydrolyzed by enzymes and/or acid, also from hemicellulose extract which is a product of the manufacture of pressed wood.
  • melanoidins which may be derived from various agricultural sources (e.g., corn, wheat, barley, rice, sugar beets. and sugar cane, which after processing, yield other products), corn steep liquor (CSL), brewers condensed solubles (BCS), and distillers condensed solubles (DCS).
  • CSL corn steep liquor
  • BCS condensed solubles
  • DCS distillers condensed solubles
  • GPC molecular weight
  • a mix e.g., 80/20
  • molasses e.g., 79.5 Brix Molasses
  • chromatographic separation e.g., column chromatography, gel permeation chromatography
  • chromatogram profiles were obtained on various diluted samples using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) under the following chromatography conditions: Column (Bio-S-3000), Mobile Phase (Sodium Azide 0.05%), Detector (Refractive Index), Flow Rate (1.0 mL/min), Injection Volume (10.0 ⁇ L), and Run Time (20 minutes).
  • GPC gel permeation chromatography
  • FIGS. 1 through 7 show GPC profiles for various samples. Each profile shows peaks for the molecular weights of components present in the sample. Peaks do not necessarily represent a single compound, but, particularly at higher molecular weight ranges, may be comprised of multiple components or polymers having heterogeneous composition. Each profile also provides the elapsed time before a particular molecular weight component was released from the column (retention time (RT)). As general rule, the higher the molecular weight of the component, the shorter the retention time. Likewise, the lower the molecular weight of the component, the longer the retention time. Each profile also provides the height and area of the peak representing a particular molecular weight component, which allows for the determination of the weight percent of that particular molecular weight in the sample.
  • RT retention time
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a GPC profile for a component having a molecular weight of 12,400 having a retention time under those same test conditions of 12.993 minutes. Accordingly, based on those standards and under those same test conditions, for components with molecular weights less than 342, one would expect retention times longer than 15.371 minutes. Similarly, for components with molecular weights greater than 12,400, one would expect retention times shorter than 12.993 minutes.
  • Fraction A was a precipitate with the least amount of the alcohol mixture and contained the highest molecular weight components, while fraction E had the greatest amount of the alcohol mixture and was the lowest molecular weight fraction of the molasses. These precipitates could be filtered and dried.
  • a 100 ml sample of each fraction (A-E) was then mixed with 400 ml of 30% NaCl to yield an 80/20 mix for corrosion rate testing according to the NACE Standard TM-01-69 Method as modified by the Pacific Northwest Snowfighters (PNS).
  • NPS Pacific Northwest Snowfighters
  • trans-aconitic acid which comes from sugar cane, is present in the molasses (1.63%), and more specifically, Fraction A (0.88%) and fraction B (0.23%), but is absent from fraction E.
  • Aconitic acid is a compound found in sugar processing and is the main organic acid in sugar juice and in raw sugar. Aconitic acid is bound or associated with polysaccharides with a molecular weight of 300,000.
  • Corrosion rate testing on the molasses and selected carbohydrates present in the molasses demonstrated that the corrosion inhibition of the molasses is greater than that of its constituent carbohydrates alone. Furthermore, corrosion rate testing demonstrated that higher molecular weight (HMW) Fraction A, which contains 25% of the total solids in the molasses, exhibits similar corrosion inhibition to lower molecular weight (LMW) fraction E, which contains 60% of the total solids in the molasses.
  • HMW molecular weight
  • LMW lower molecular weight
  • the 79.5 Brix molasses was subjected to dialysis at room temperature using a regenerated thin semi-permeable cellulose (RC) Spectrum Laboratories membrane with a defined molecular weight cut-off of 12,400.
  • the membrane allows the components having molecular weights below the cut-off to pass through or permeate the membrane (“permeate”), leaving behind the components having molecular weights above the cut-off (and lower molecular weight components closely associated with them) that are stopped or retained by the membrane (“retentate”).
  • the brown higher molecular weight fraction (retentate) contained the higher molecular weight components with molecular weights greater than the cellulose membrane cut-off (12,400) as well as lower molecular weight components that are closely associated with the higher molecular weight components stopped or retained by the membrane.
  • the brown color and molecular weight data indicates the presence of melanoidins in the higher molecular weight fraction (retentate).
  • the yellow lower molecular weight fraction (permeate) contained the lower molecular weight components with molecular weights less than the membrane cut-off (12,400) that passed through or permeated the membrane.
  • the yellow color and molecular weight data tends to indicate the absence or limited presence of melanoidins in the lower molecular weight fraction (permeate).
  • both the resulting higher molecular weight fraction (retentate) and the lower molecular weight fraction (permeate) contained the relative amounts of components that would be present in a solution of 0.6% molasses (3 g molasses/500 mL distilled water).
  • the percent reduction in corrosion for a particular solution is calculated by taking the difference between steel metal loss for that solution and the steel metal loss for the chloride salt solution and dividing that difference by the steel metal loss for the chloride salt solution, and multiplying that ratio by 100.
  • the higher molecular weight fraction (retentate) is a far more potent corrosion inhibitor than the molasses or the lower molecular weight fraction (permeate), despite the fact that the solids content of the retentate (63.0 mg/100 mL) is significantly less than the solids content of the molasses (424.2mg/100 mL) and the permeate (not recorded but approximately 360 mg/100 mL).
  • the higher molecular weight fraction (retentate) has almost seven times less solids content than the molasses (i.e., only represents approximately 15% of the dry weight molasses or 10% of the liquid molasses), it provides a much greater reduction in corrosion.
  • the melanoidins present in the higher molecular weight fraction (retentate) inhibit corrosion by both anodic and cathodic inhibition.
  • Fraction A of the 79.5 Brix Molasses was obtained using the alcohol precipitation method described above.
  • Fraction A was then subjected to the same dialysis process described above for the molasses using a cellulose membrane with a defined molecular weight cut-off of 12,400.
  • the lower molecular weight fraction (permeate) of Fraction A had a bright yellow color and contained the lower molecular weight components with molecular weights less than the membrane cut-off (12,400) that passed through or permeated the membrane.
  • the yellow color and molecular weight data tends to indicate the absence or limited presence of melanoidins in the lower molecular weight fraction (permeate) of Fraction A.
  • Molasses Fraction A was subjected to hydrolysis using 2M trifluoroacetic acid heated at 120° C. for 2 hours. No increase in carbohydrate peaks was observed. The acid caused a precipitate to form related to the HMW material. The addition of sodium hydroxide to neutralize the acid caused the HMW material to dissolve and again be detected by GPC.
  • Ultrafiltration was used to identify the higher molecular weight components in the 79.5 Brix Molasses that are largely responsible for corrosion inhibition.
  • Ultrafiltration is a pressure-driven process where a fluid stream is pumped at low pressure and high flow rate across the surface of thin semi-permeable polymeric membranes with a defined molecular weight cutoff.
  • ultrafiltration uses a membrane having a defined molecular weight cut-off that allows components having molecular weights below the cut-off to pass through or permeate the membrane (“permeate”), leaving behind the components having molecular weights above the cut-off (and lower molecular weight components closely associated with them) that are stopped or retained by the membrane (“retentate”).
  • the ultrafiltration equipment used for the experiment was Quix Stand UltraFiltration System (Amersham Biosciences, GE Healthcare) with a Hollow Fiber Cartridge UFP-10-E-3 MA with a nominal molecular weight cut-off of 10,000 and surface area of 110 cm 2 .
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a GPC profile for the higher molecular weight fraction (retentate) obtained from the ultrafiltration of the molasses.
  • the GPC profile for the higher molecular weight fraction (retentate) shows a total of ten peaks.
  • the GPC profile shows that higher molecular weight components with molecular weights greater than 12,400 make up approximately 6% by weight of the higher molecular weight fraction (retentate), while higher molecular weight components with molecular weights greater than or equal to 10,000 make up approximately 10% of the retentate.
  • additional corrosion rate testing was performed using the retentate from the ultrafiltration process to confirm these earlier results.
  • the higher molecular weight fraction (retentate) is approximately 17 times more efficient as a corrosion inhibitor than molasses (i.e., 14% improvement on top of a weight difference of 15 times).
  • the previously described experiments have shown that it is the higher molecular weight components in the retentate of the molasses (i.e., those components with molecular weights greater than 10,000 or 12,400) that provide the greatest and most unexpected corrosion inhibition. Those components only constitute 6% to 10% of the weight of the retentate.
  • those higher molecular weight components are approximately 170 to 280 times more efficient as a corrosion inhibitor than molasses on a weight basis.
  • the melanoidins present in the higher molecular weight fraction (retentate) inhibit corrosion by both anodic and cathodic inhibition.
  • additives including melanoidins can be used (e.g., additives to industrial brines, deicing formulations for roadways and bridges, oil well drilling, and in other industrial and marine applications where corrosion is a problem).
  • Any suitable concentration of the higher molecular weight fraction of the melanoidin-containing product that effectively reduces corrosion in a chloride salt, brine, or a deicing formulation may be used.
  • a typical concentration can vary from about 0.03 to 10.0% by weight.
  • one embodiment of a deicing formulation using the melanoidins of the present invention is as an additive to a known deicing and anti-icing formulation:
  • the basic composition of the known deicing formulation consists of at least the first two of the following three components in aqueous solution depending upon ambient weather conditions, terrain, nature and amount of freezing/snow precipitation, and environmental concerns:
  • Inorganic freezing point depressants preferably in the form of chloride salts which include magnesium chloride, calcium chloride and sodium chloride.
  • Metal acetates e.g. calcium magnesium acetate, may also be used.
  • Thickeners are used in certain applications as the third key component to increase the viscosity of the composition so that the liquid remains in contact with the road surface or with the solid particles in piles of rocksalt/sand, or rocksalt/aggregates, or salt alone, or sand or aggregate.
  • Thickeners are mainly cellulose derivatives or high molecular weight carbohydrates. Typical molecular weights for cellulose derivatives are for methyl and hydroxy propyl methyl celluloses from about 60,000 to 120,000 and for hydroxy ethyl celluloses from about 750,000 to 1,000,000. Carbohydrate molecular weights range from about 10,000 to 50,000.

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Cited By (2)

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US8795589B1 (en) * 2011-04-29 2014-08-05 Cortec Corporation Bio-based volatile corrosion inhibitors
CN113831682A (zh) * 2021-09-24 2021-12-24 鹤山市顺鑫实业有限公司 一种耐腐蚀高分子材料及其制备方法

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US8873711B2 (en) * 2012-06-19 2014-10-28 The Boeing Company Method and system for visualizing effects of corrosion
US9506879B2 (en) 2012-06-19 2016-11-29 The Boeing Company Method and system for non-destructively evaluating a hidden workpiece
CN105062225A (zh) * 2015-08-15 2015-11-18 哈尔滨和谐旺科技开发有限公司 一种内墙粉刷材料

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US20140155304A1 (en) 2014-06-05
US20120240819A1 (en) 2012-09-27

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