US20090294284A1 - Reference electrode - Google Patents

Reference electrode Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20090294284A1
US20090294284A1 US12/128,063 US12806308A US2009294284A1 US 20090294284 A1 US20090294284 A1 US 20090294284A1 US 12806308 A US12806308 A US 12806308A US 2009294284 A1 US2009294284 A1 US 2009294284A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
layer
reference electrode
electrode
solid electrolytic
conductive layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/128,063
Inventor
Shen-Kan Hsiung
Jung-Chuan Chou
Tai-Ping Sun
Nien-Hsuan Chou
Tza-Wei Huang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chung Yuan Christian University
Original Assignee
Chung Yuan Christian University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chung Yuan Christian University filed Critical Chung Yuan Christian University
Priority to US12/128,063 priority Critical patent/US20090294284A1/en
Assigned to CHUNG YUAN CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY reassignment CHUNG YUAN CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHOU, JUNG-CHUAN, CHOU, NIEN-HSUAN, HSIUNG, SHEN-KAN, HUANG, TZA-WEI, SUN, TAI-PING
Publication of US20090294284A1 publication Critical patent/US20090294284A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/28Electrolytic cell components
    • G01N27/30Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
    • G01N27/301Reference electrodes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to reference electrodes.
  • reference electrodes are primarily made of glass or ceramic enclosing an electrolyte solution.
  • the resulting reference electrodes cannot be reduced beyond a certain limit.
  • problems such as challenging manufacturing processes, fragile structure and high cost still exist.
  • the present invention provides a reference electrode that solves the abovementioned shortcomings of the conventional.
  • One objective of the present invention is to provide a reference electrode, which is a layered structure that may include an insulating substrate, a conductive layer, an electrode layer, a solid electrolytic layer, a polymer protective film, an anti-oxidation layer and an insulating layer. More particularly, the solid electrolytic layer is solidified on the electrode layer by mixing an agar gel and an electrolyte solution under a high temperature.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a reference electrode according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematic diagrams depicting the structure of a reference electrode according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention is directed to a reference electrode. Detailed steps and constituents are given below to assist in the understanding the present invention. Obviously, the implementations of the present invention are not limited to the specific details known by those skilled in the art of reference electrode. On the other hand, well-known steps or constituents are not described in details in order not to unnecessarily limit the present invention. Detailed embodiments of the present invention will be provided as follow. However, apart from these detailed descriptions, the present invention may be generally applied to other embodiments, and the scope of the present invention is thus limited only by the appended claims.
  • the present invention proposes a reference electrode, which includes an insulating substrate, a conductive layer on the insulating substrate, an electrode layer on the conductive layer, a solid electrolytic layer on the electrode layer, a PVC—COOH protective film on the solid electrolytic layer, an anti-oxidation layer around the periphery of the conductive layer, an insulating layer around the periphery of the anti-oxidation layer.
  • the solid electrolytic layer is formed by solidifying an electrolyte solution on the electrode layer using an agar gel.
  • a schematic diagram depicting a method of constructing a reference electrode according to the above embodiment is shown.
  • a conductive layer is formed on a substrate.
  • an electrode layer is then formed on the above conductive layer.
  • a solid electrolytic layer is formed on the electrode layer.
  • an anti-oxidation layer is formed on the portion of the conductive layer not covered by the electrode layer.
  • an insulating layer is formed at the periphery of the anti-oxidation layer.
  • a polymer protective film is formed on the solid electrolytic layer.
  • the step of forming a solid electrolytic layer further includes the following steps.
  • an agar gel powder is mixed with an electrolyte solution to form a mixture.
  • the mixture is stirred under high temperature.
  • the mixture is cooled and thus solidified on the electrode layer at a low temperature.
  • the above high temperature may be in a range between about 100° C. and about 150° C., while the low temperature may be in a range between about 0° C. and about 40° C.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B schematic diagrams depicting the reference electrode constructed according to the above embodiment are shown.
  • the reference electrode includes an insulating substrate 210 , a conductive layer 220 , an electrode layer 230 , a solid electrolytic layer 240 , a polymer protective film 250 , an anti-oxidation layer 260 and an insulating layer 270 , wherein the solid electrolytic layer 240 is solidified on the electrode layer 230 by mixing an agar gel and an electrolyte solution under a high temperature.
  • FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of the reference electrode
  • FIG. 2B is a front cross-sectional view of the same reference electrode along X axis.
  • the electrode layer 230 is formed on a portion of the conductive layer 220 .
  • the anti-oxidation layer 260 is formed on the conductive layer 220 not covered by the electrode layer 230 , so as to prevent oxidation of the electrode layer.
  • the electrode layer 230 having an area of 8 mm ⁇ 3 mm is preferred.
  • the conductive layer 220 may be connected with a line conductor for passing signals measured by the reference electrode.
  • the insulating layer 270 may be formed on the conductive layer 220 to cover the sides of the electrode layer 230 and the solid electrolytic layer 240 .
  • the polymer protective film 250 may be one selected from PVC—COOH, polycarbonate, polyester, polyether, polyamide, polyurethane, polyimide, poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), polyethylene or a combination thereof. Since PVC—COOH has a stronger polarity than traditional PVC materials, thus when the reference electrode is immersed into a test solution, a PVC—COOH protective film can attract more electrolytes in the test solution. In addition, due to high permeability of the PVC—COOH protective film, reaction time between the electrolytes and the solid electrolytic layer can be greatly reduced, thereby enhancing response time of the reference electrode.
  • the PVC—COOH protective film is better at keeping moisture than traditional PVC materials, such that it gives the solid electrolytic layer a better protection and a more stable ion concentration at the surface of the electrode layer, thereby achieving a more ideal reference electrode.
  • the reference electrode proposed by present invention not only provides a fast response time and stable output voltage, but can be easily manufactured and miniaturized at a cheaper cost.
  • the substrate can be an insulating material selected from polycarbonate, polyester, polyether, polyamide, polyurethane, polyimide, poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), glass, glass fiber, ceramic, PET or a combination thereof.
  • the electrolyte solution can be a saturated potassium chloride solution, wherein the weight ratio of the agar gel powder and the saturated potassium chloride solution is 4%:96%.
  • the electrode layer includes silver (Ag) and silver chloride (AgCl) with a mix ratio of 1:2. Ag/AgCl is baked on the conductive layer at a temperature range of about 40° C. to 120° C.
  • the conductive layer can be a silver paste or ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) film to enhance conduction.
  • the anti-oxidation layer enclosing the periphery of the silver paste can be a conductive carbon paste, which enhances electrical conduction while preventing the silver paste from oxidation due to exposure.
  • the conductive layer, the electrode layer, the anti-oxidation layer and the insulating layer can for example be formed by screen printing technique.
  • the insulating layer could comprise UV curing gel to avoid that the test solution and the solid electrolytic layer contact to each other directly, and could fix the solid electrolytic layer more strongly for providing against the damage from external force.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Abstract

A reference electrode is disclosed. The reference electrode is developed by spreading an aqueous KCl gelling agar solid gel/poly(vinyl chloride)carboxylated (PVC—COOH) double layer on a screen-printing Ag/AgCl electrode body. Such polymer double layer can maintain ion concentration and keep stable chemical capacitance potential during measurement. The reference electrode of the present invention provides fast response time and high stability for major ions detection measurements in a wide range.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • 1. Field of the Invention
  • The present invention relates to reference electrodes.
  • 2. Description of the Prior Art
  • Propelled by the advances in technology and human need, electrical and chemical measuring elements are becoming smaller. As such, manufacturing methods and tools are being developed and improved on to meet the needs for ever smaller elements.
  • Currently, reference electrodes are primarily made of glass or ceramic enclosing an electrolyte solution. However, due to the bulk size of the material such as glass or ceramic, the resulting reference electrodes cannot be reduced beyond a certain limit. Moreover, problems such as challenging manufacturing processes, fragile structure and high cost still exist.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • In view of the prior art and the needs of the related industries, the present invention provides a reference electrode that solves the abovementioned shortcomings of the conventional.
  • One objective of the present invention is to provide a reference electrode, which is a layered structure that may include an insulating substrate, a conductive layer, an electrode layer, a solid electrolytic layer, a polymer protective film, an anti-oxidation layer and an insulating layer. More particularly, the solid electrolytic layer is solidified on the electrode layer by mixing an agar gel and an electrolyte solution under a high temperature.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The accompanying drawings incorporated in and forming a part of the specification illustrate several aspects of the present invention, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. In the drawings:
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a reference electrode according to one embodiment of the present invention; and
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematic diagrams depicting the structure of a reference electrode according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • The present invention is directed to a reference electrode. Detailed steps and constituents are given below to assist in the understanding the present invention. Obviously, the implementations of the present invention are not limited to the specific details known by those skilled in the art of reference electrode. On the other hand, well-known steps or constituents are not described in details in order not to unnecessarily limit the present invention. Detailed embodiments of the present invention will be provided as follow. However, apart from these detailed descriptions, the present invention may be generally applied to other embodiments, and the scope of the present invention is thus limited only by the appended claims.
  • The present invention proposes a reference electrode, which includes an insulating substrate, a conductive layer on the insulating substrate, an electrode layer on the conductive layer, a solid electrolytic layer on the electrode layer, a PVC—COOH protective film on the solid electrolytic layer, an anti-oxidation layer around the periphery of the conductive layer, an insulating layer around the periphery of the anti-oxidation layer. The solid electrolytic layer is formed by solidifying an electrolyte solution on the electrode layer using an agar gel.
  • Referring to FIG. 1, a schematic diagram depicting a method of constructing a reference electrode according to the above embodiment is shown. First, in step 110, a conductive layer is formed on a substrate. In step 120, an electrode layer is then formed on the above conductive layer. In step 130, a solid electrolytic layer is formed on the electrode layer. Then, in step 140, an anti-oxidation layer is formed on the portion of the conductive layer not covered by the electrode layer. In step 150, an insulating layer is formed at the periphery of the anti-oxidation layer. Finally, in step 160, a polymer protective film is formed on the solid electrolytic layer.
  • In addition, the step of forming a solid electrolytic layer further includes the following steps. In step 132, an agar gel powder is mixed with an electrolyte solution to form a mixture. Then, in step 134, the mixture is stirred under high temperature. Finally, in step 136, the mixture is cooled and thus solidified on the electrode layer at a low temperature. The above high temperature may be in a range between about 100° C. and about 150° C., while the low temperature may be in a range between about 0° C. and about 40° C.
  • Next, referring to FIGS. 2A and 2B, schematic diagrams depicting the reference electrode constructed according to the above embodiment are shown. The reference electrode includes an insulating substrate 210, a conductive layer 220, an electrode layer 230, a solid electrolytic layer 240, a polymer protective film 250, an anti-oxidation layer 260 and an insulating layer 270, wherein the solid electrolytic layer 240 is solidified on the electrode layer 230 by mixing an agar gel and an electrolyte solution under a high temperature. FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of the reference electrode, while FIG. 2B is a front cross-sectional view of the same reference electrode along X axis.
  • As shown in FIG. 2A, the electrode layer 230 is formed on a portion of the conductive layer 220. The anti-oxidation layer 260 is formed on the conductive layer 220 not covered by the electrode layer 230, so as to prevent oxidation of the electrode layer. The electrode layer 230 having an area of 8 mm×3 mm is preferred. Further, the conductive layer 220 may be connected with a line conductor for passing signals measured by the reference electrode. In addition, the insulating layer 270 may be formed on the conductive layer 220 to cover the sides of the electrode layer 230 and the solid electrolytic layer 240.
  • The polymer protective film 250 may be one selected from PVC—COOH, polycarbonate, polyester, polyether, polyamide, polyurethane, polyimide, poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), polyethylene or a combination thereof. Since PVC—COOH has a stronger polarity than traditional PVC materials, thus when the reference electrode is immersed into a test solution, a PVC—COOH protective film can attract more electrolytes in the test solution. In addition, due to high permeability of the PVC—COOH protective film, reaction time between the electrolytes and the solid electrolytic layer can be greatly reduced, thereby enhancing response time of the reference electrode. Furthermore, the PVC—COOH protective film is better at keeping moisture than traditional PVC materials, such that it gives the solid electrolytic layer a better protection and a more stable ion concentration at the surface of the electrode layer, thereby achieving a more ideal reference electrode. Compared to a traditional reference electrode that employs electrolyte solution, the reference electrode proposed by present invention not only provides a fast response time and stable output voltage, but can be easily manufactured and miniaturized at a cheaper cost.
  • The substrate can be an insulating material selected from polycarbonate, polyester, polyether, polyamide, polyurethane, polyimide, poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), glass, glass fiber, ceramic, PET or a combination thereof. In addition, the electrolyte solution can be a saturated potassium chloride solution, wherein the weight ratio of the agar gel powder and the saturated potassium chloride solution is 4%:96%.
  • In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electrode layer includes silver (Ag) and silver chloride (AgCl) with a mix ratio of 1:2. Ag/AgCl is baked on the conductive layer at a temperature range of about 40° C. to 120° C. The conductive layer can be a silver paste or ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) film to enhance conduction. The anti-oxidation layer enclosing the periphery of the silver paste can be a conductive carbon paste, which enhances electrical conduction while preventing the silver paste from oxidation due to exposure. The conductive layer, the electrode layer, the anti-oxidation layer and the insulating layer can for example be formed by screen printing technique. In addition, the insulating layer could comprise UV curing gel to avoid that the test solution and the solid electrolytic layer contact to each other directly, and could fix the solid electrolytic layer more strongly for providing against the damage from external force.
  • The foregoing description is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obvious modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings. In this regard, the embodiment or embodiments discussed were chosen and described to provide the best illustration of the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. All such modifications and variations are within the scope of the inventions as determined by the appended claims when interpreted in accordance with the breath to which they are fairly and legally entitled.
  • It is understood that several modifications, changes, and substitutions are intended in the foregoing disclosure and in some instances some features of the invention will be employed without a corresponding use of other features. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the appended claims be construed broadly and in a manner consistent with the scope of the invention.

Claims (20)

1. A reference electrode, comprising:
a insulating substrate;
a conductive layer, placed on said insulating substrate;
an electrode layer, placed on said conductive layer;
a solid electrolytic layer, solidified from an electrolyte by an agar gel and formed onto said electrode layer;
a polymer protective film, placed on said solid electrolytic layer, wherein said polymer protective film comprises at least one or any combination of the following: PVC—COOH, PC (Polycarbonate), Polyester, Polyether, Poly Amide, Polyurethane resin adhesive, Polyimide, PVC (Polyvinyl chloride polymer), PET (Polyrthylene Terephthalate);
an anti-oxidation layer, placed on said conductive layer; and
a insulating layer, placed on said anti-oxidation layer.
2. A reference electrode of claim 1, wherein the ratio of Ag to AgCl in said electrode layer is 1:2.
3. A reference electrode of claim 1, wherein said electrolyte could be a saturated solution of KCl.
4. A reference electrode of claim 1, wherein a mixture of said agar gel and said electrolyte at high temperature is cooled to form said solid electrolytic layer on said electrode layer.
5. A reference electrode of claim 1, wherein said conductive layer and said electrode layer are formed by screen printing method.
6. A reference electrode of claim 1, wherein, by screen printing method, said anti-oxidation layer is formed on the region of said conductive layer which is not covered by said electrode layer.
7. A reference electrode of claim 1, wherein, by screen printing method, said insulating layer is formed on said anti-oxidation layer and said conductive layer to wrap flanks of said electrode layer and said solid electrolytic layer.
8. A reference electrode of claim 1, wherein said insulating layer comprises UV curing gel.
9. A reference electrode of claim 1, wherein said conductive layer comprises Ag paste or ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) conductive film.
10. A reference electrode, comprising:
a insulating substrate;
a conductive layer, formed on said insulating substrate;
an electrode layer, formed on said conductive layer;
a solid electrolytic layer, formed on said electrode layer, wherein a mixture of an agar gel and an electrolyte at high temperature is cooled to form said solid electrolytic layer on said electrode layer;
a polymer protective film, smeared over said solid electrolytic layer for protecting said solid electrolytic layer;
an anti-oxidation layer, formed on said conductive layer for preventing the oxidation at said conductive layer; and
a insulating layer, formed on said anti-oxidation layer.
11. A reference electrode of claim 10, wherein the ratio of Ag to AgCl in said electrode layer is 1:2.
12. A reference electrode of claim 10, wherein said polymer protective film comprises at least one or any combination of the following: PVC—COOH, PC (Polycarbonate), Polyester, Polyether, Poly Amide, Polyurethane resin adhesive, Polyimide, PVC (Polyvinyl chloride polymer), PET (Polyrthylene Terephthalate).
13. A reference electrode of claim 10, wherein said insulating layer comprises UV curing gel, and said conductive layer comprises Ag paste or ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) conductive film.
14. A reference electrode of claim 10, wherein said conductive layer, said electrode layer, said anti-oxidation layer, and insulating layer are formed by screen printing method.
15. A reference electrode fabrication method, comprising the following steps of:
providing a substrate;
forming a conductive layer on said substrate;
forming an electrode layer on said conductive layer;
forming a solid electrolytic layer on said electrode layer, wherein the forming method of said solid electrolytic layer comprises the following steps of:
forming a mixture by mixing an agar gel powder and an electrolyte;
stirring and mixing said mixture at high temperature; and
cooling said mixture at low temperature to solidify said mixture onto said electrode layer;
forming an anti-oxidation layer on said conductive layer for preventing the oxidation at said conductive layer;
forming a insulating layer on said anti-oxidation layer;
forming a polymer protective film on said solid electrolytic layer for protecting said solid electrolytic layer.
16. A reference electrode fabrication method of claim 15, wherein said high temperature is in a range between about 100° C. and about 150° C., and said low temperature is in a range between about 0° C. and about 40° C.
17. A reference electrode fabrication method of claim 15, wherein the ratio of Ag and AgCl in said electrode layer is 1:2.
18. A reference electrode fabrication method of claim 17, wherein Ag and AgCl in said electrode layer are baked at a temperature range of about 40° C. to 120° C.
19. A reference electrode fabrication method of claim 15, wherein said electrolyte could be a saturated solution of KCl, and the weight ratio of said agar gel powder and said saturated potassium chloride solution is 4%:96%.
20. A reference electrode fabrication method of claim 15, wherein said conductive layer, said electrode layer, said anti-oxidation layer, and insulating layer are formed by screen printing method.
US12/128,063 2008-05-28 2008-05-28 Reference electrode Abandoned US20090294284A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/128,063 US20090294284A1 (en) 2008-05-28 2008-05-28 Reference electrode

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/128,063 US20090294284A1 (en) 2008-05-28 2008-05-28 Reference electrode

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20090294284A1 true US20090294284A1 (en) 2009-12-03

Family

ID=41378418

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/128,063 Abandoned US20090294284A1 (en) 2008-05-28 2008-05-28 Reference electrode

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US20090294284A1 (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110036913A1 (en) * 2009-08-17 2011-02-17 Nxp B.V. Electrochemical sensor
US20120067745A1 (en) * 2009-03-10 2012-03-22 Senova Systems, Inc. Device for providing a means for internal calibration in an electrochemical sensor
CN102944594A (en) * 2012-06-04 2013-02-27 哈尔滨工程大学 Long-life reference electrode suitable for deep-sea high-hydrostatic pressure environment
EP3012623A1 (en) * 2014-10-22 2016-04-27 ARKRAY, Inc. Electrochemical sensor and method for producing electrochemical sensor
US9372280B2 (en) 2012-01-25 2016-06-21 Pgs Geophysical As System and method for in-sea electrode conditioning
US10175277B2 (en) 2015-08-31 2019-01-08 Pgs Geophysical As Identification of degrading electrodes in a marine electromagnetic survey system

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4454007A (en) * 1983-01-27 1984-06-12 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Ion-selective layered sensor and methods of making and using the same
US6572748B1 (en) * 1998-03-10 2003-06-03 Micronas Gmbh Reference electrode
US6787013B2 (en) * 2001-09-10 2004-09-07 Eumed Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Biosensor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4454007A (en) * 1983-01-27 1984-06-12 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Ion-selective layered sensor and methods of making and using the same
US6572748B1 (en) * 1998-03-10 2003-06-03 Micronas Gmbh Reference electrode
US6787013B2 (en) * 2001-09-10 2004-09-07 Eumed Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Biosensor

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120067745A1 (en) * 2009-03-10 2012-03-22 Senova Systems, Inc. Device for providing a means for internal calibration in an electrochemical sensor
US8877037B2 (en) * 2009-03-10 2014-11-04 Senova Systems, Inc. Device for providing a means for internal calibration in an electrochemical sensor
US20150198553A1 (en) * 2009-03-10 2015-07-16 Senova Systems, Inc. Device for providing a means for internal calibration in an electrochemical sensor
US9347907B2 (en) * 2009-03-10 2016-05-24 Senova Systems, Inc. Device for providing a means for internal calibration in an electrochemical sensor
US20110036913A1 (en) * 2009-08-17 2011-02-17 Nxp B.V. Electrochemical sensor
US8864968B2 (en) * 2009-08-17 2014-10-21 Nxp B.V. Electrochemical sensor
US9372280B2 (en) 2012-01-25 2016-06-21 Pgs Geophysical As System and method for in-sea electrode conditioning
US9696449B2 (en) 2012-01-25 2017-07-04 Pgs Geophysical As System and method for in-sea electrode conditioning
CN102944594A (en) * 2012-06-04 2013-02-27 哈尔滨工程大学 Long-life reference electrode suitable for deep-sea high-hydrostatic pressure environment
EP3012623A1 (en) * 2014-10-22 2016-04-27 ARKRAY, Inc. Electrochemical sensor and method for producing electrochemical sensor
US10473611B2 (en) 2014-10-22 2019-11-12 Arkray, Inc. Electrochemical sensor and method for producing electrochemical sensor
US10175277B2 (en) 2015-08-31 2019-01-08 Pgs Geophysical As Identification of degrading electrodes in a marine electromagnetic survey system

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20090294284A1 (en) Reference electrode
Pięk et al. All-solid-state nitrate selective electrode with graphene/tetrathiafulvalene nanocomposite as high redox and double layer capacitance solid contact
US9069222B2 (en) Electrochromic display element and display device
Bobacka et al. Plasticizer-free all-solid-state potassium-selective electrode based on poly (3-octylthiophene) and valinomycin
KR920015656A (en) Electrochrome Thin Film Charge Detector Used in Batteries
Gomes et al. IZO deposition by RF and DC sputtering on paper and application on flexible electrochromic devices
CN103336044B (en) All solid-state ion selective electrode and preparation method and application thereof
CN102980931B (en) All-solid-state selective electrode based on functional ion liquid and preparation method of all-solid-state selective electrode
JP7284952B2 (en) Chloride ion sensor and method for measuring chloride ion concentration
JPS58193527A (en) Electrochromic display and manufacture thereof
Kim et al. All‐Printed Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Ultra‐Charged Electron Accumulation Polymers Based on MXene Nanoflakes
TW201816397A (en) Planar ammonia selective sensing electrode and manufacturing method thereof
CN112987438B (en) Electronic equipment and shell structure thereof
Shrestha et al. Wireless pH-logger label for intelligent food packaging
US10297838B2 (en) Method of forming a graphene oxide-reduced graphene oxide junction
WO2015018973A1 (en) An apparatus and associated methods for analyte detection
Lindfors et al. Enhanced electron transfer in composite films of reduced graphene oxide and poly (N-methylaniline)
Park et al. A Highly Stable and Flexible Ca 2+ Ion-Selective Sensor Based on Treated PEDOT: PSS Transducing Layer
JP4433669B2 (en) Electrodeposition type display device
US20070040499A1 (en) Light emitting device, display device and method of fabricating the same
Tsou et al. Miniaturized inkjet-printed flexible ion-selective sensing electrodes with the addition of graphene in PVC layer for fast response real-time monitoring applications
US5156728A (en) Ion sensor
US20080053826A1 (en) Ion solution concentration-detecting device
JP2006058617A (en) Electrochromic display element
Wiranto et al. Design and Fabrication of Low Cost Thick Film pH Sensor using Silver Chlorinated Reference Electrodes with Integrated Temperature Sensor

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: CHUNG YUAN CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY,TAIWAN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HSIUNG, SHEN-KAN;CHOU, JUNG-CHUAN;SUN, TAI-PING;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20080611 TO 20080612;REEL/FRAME:021124/0829

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION