US20090238692A1 - Blade of a turbo machine - Google Patents
Blade of a turbo machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20090238692A1 US20090238692A1 US12/014,268 US1426808A US2009238692A1 US 20090238692 A1 US20090238692 A1 US 20090238692A1 US 1426808 A US1426808 A US 1426808A US 2009238692 A1 US2009238692 A1 US 2009238692A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- blade
- supporting structure
- regard
- blade according
- optimization
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/20—Rotors
- F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/60—Structure; Surface texture
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
- F05D2300/501—Elasticity
Definitions
- the invention relates to a blade for a turbo machine.
- turbo machines for example turbines, pumps, drive rotors as components of marine engines.
- the blades of such machines serve the purpose of torque transmission. Either the forces of a streaming medium act on the blade, as for example in the case of a water turbine, or the blade exerts forces on the flowing medium, as for example in the case of ship propellers.
- GB 1 345 835 describes a blade for a turbo machine.
- the blade is build of flexible walls and is inflatable.
- GB 1 404 665 shows a blade for a gas turbine.
- the region of the blade that is flowed against is formed of a flexible wall which flows around a hollow space.
- a pressure medium can be introduced into the hollow space, so that the flexible wall deforms.
- the shape of a blade is decisive for the efficiency of the torque transfer.
- the rotor blade is formed in such a way that it exhibits quite specific profile sections adapted to the operating conditions of the turbo machine.
- the operating conditions change, however, so that the selected profile section forms of the blades only constitute a compromise.
- the external flow of the individual blades is only optimal in the case of a specified operating state. If the parameters of such an operating state change—throughput, speed of the flowing medium etc.—this has a disadvantageous effect on the efficiency of the turbo machine as well as having a disadvantageous effect on the cavitation tendency.
- There are ship propellers which are equipped with symmetrically shaped propeller blades. Because of this a compromise for forward and backward motion is aimed at. This compromise is however not optimal, since efficiency losses of up to 25% arise, compared to a propeller whose blades are optimized for a specified direction of thrust.
- the invention is based on the object of designing a blade of a turbo machine in such a way that it works optimally to a great extent even in the case of different operating conditions.
- Such blades have the property of automatically adapting the form of the concerned supporting surface of the blade to the respective operating conditions. This relates in particular to the curvature of the supporting surface. With this it is possible to optimize the power conversion increase the efficiency of the turbo machine.
- the blade in accordance with the invention comprises hence an internal supporting structure and an elastic cover surrounding the supporting structure, said cover being in contact with fluid in the case of operation.
- the supporting structure exhibits a contour which corresponds to the contour of a conventional blade.
- the profile of the supporting structure is not necessarily optimized with regard to specified operating conditions.
- the profile can—with regard to the two lateral faces—be symmetrical and—in a cross-section vertical to the two lateral areas lateral faces—exhibit the shape of a lance point.
- a flowable inflating medium is placed between the elastic cover and the supporting structure. This can be located on one side or on the other side. Depending on which side it is located on, the part of the elastic cover located there will be inflated and hence more greatly curved than on the other side.
- Measures can be taken in order to facilitate an overflowing of the inflating medium from the one side of the blade to the other.
- Perforations in the supporting structure for example come into consideration as such measures.
- the one or other space can be supplied pressure medium in variable measure; that is, with variable quantity and under variable pressure.
- the supporting structure does not need to be perforated. Rather it has the function of an inside wall.
- FIG. 1 shows in schematic representation and in a section the blade of a ship propeller in a first approach flow condition.
- FIG. 2 shows the subject matter of FIG. 1 in a second approach flow condition.
- the blade 1 depicted in FIG. 1 comprises a supporting structure 2 .
- Said structure has the contour of a lance point. It is shaped symmetrically with regard to its longitudinal axis.
- the two outer surfaces of the supporting structure 2 hence have the same course.
- the supporting structure 2 is surrounded by an elastic cover 3 .
- Any type of material comes into consideration, for example rubber or plastic.
- the elastic cover 3 exhibits a certain oversize compared to the supporting structure 2 , so that a space arises on the one or the other side of the blade 1 .
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show the inflating medium 4 on different sides of the blade 1 .
- the inflating medium is on the side of the blade turned away from the approach flow side. Simultaneously one sees that the elastic cover 3 is more greatly bulged on the side where the inflating medium 4 is located.
- the invention is also applicable in the case of blades shaped otherwise.
- blades can be used that are not shaped symmetrically, as cited above. It is also possible to use the invention in the case of blades whose form or contour can be changed by other measures.
- FIG. 1 shows the blades 1 of the rotor of the first of two units. In the present case it is a matter of seven blades. However, there could also be more or fewer. As one sees, the free ends of the blades point to the center of the stream unit, so that a clearance remains between the free ends.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a blade for a turbo machine
-
- with a blade;
- the outer surface of the blade in contact with fluid is formed of an elastic cover which surrounds a supporting structure;
- a flowable inflating medium is located between the elastic cover and the supporting structure;
- measures are taken in order to facilitate an overflowing of the inflating medium from the one side of the blade to the other side.
Description
- The invention relates to a blade for a turbo machine. In the process all types of turbo machines come into consideration, for example turbines, pumps, drive rotors as components of marine engines. The blades of such machines serve the purpose of torque transmission. Either the forces of a streaming medium act on the blade, as for example in the case of a water turbine, or the blade exerts forces on the flowing medium, as for example in the case of ship propellers.
-
GB 1 345 835 describes a blade for a turbo machine. The blade is build of flexible walls and is inflatable. -
GB 1 404 665 shows a blade for a gas turbine. The region of the blade that is flowed against is formed of a flexible wall which flows around a hollow space. A pressure medium can be introduced into the hollow space, so that the flexible wall deforms. - The shape of a blade is decisive for the efficiency of the torque transfer. The rotor blade is formed in such a way that it exhibits quite specific profile sections adapted to the operating conditions of the turbo machine. The operating conditions change, however, so that the selected profile section forms of the blades only constitute a compromise. The external flow of the individual blades is only optimal in the case of a specified operating state. If the parameters of such an operating state change—throughput, speed of the flowing medium etc.—this has a disadvantageous effect on the efficiency of the turbo machine as well as having a disadvantageous effect on the cavitation tendency. There are ship propellers which are equipped with symmetrically shaped propeller blades. Because of this a compromise for forward and backward motion is aimed at. This compromise is however not optimal, since efficiency losses of up to 25% arise, compared to a propeller whose blades are optimized for a specified direction of thrust.
- There are controllable pitch propellers in which case the single blade can be swiveled around the longitudinal axis of the blade foot. This does bring a certain improvement. However, it is not possible to obtain the advantages of an optimized geometry of the blade with this. In addition, this is an expensive solution.
- The invention is based on the object of designing a blade of a turbo machine in such a way that it works optimally to a great extent even in the case of different operating conditions.
- This task is solved by means of a blade which exhibits the features of
claim 1. - Such blades have the property of automatically adapting the form of the concerned supporting surface of the blade to the respective operating conditions. This relates in particular to the curvature of the supporting surface. With this it is possible to optimize the power conversion increase the efficiency of the turbo machine.
- The blade in accordance with the invention comprises hence an internal supporting structure and an elastic cover surrounding the supporting structure, said cover being in contact with fluid in the case of operation. The supporting structure exhibits a contour which corresponds to the contour of a conventional blade. The profile of the supporting structure is not necessarily optimized with regard to specified operating conditions. The profile can—with regard to the two lateral faces—be symmetrical and—in a cross-section vertical to the two lateral areas lateral faces—exhibit the shape of a lance point.
- A flowable inflating medium is placed between the elastic cover and the supporting structure. This can be located on one side or on the other side. Depending on which side it is located on, the part of the elastic cover located there will be inflated and hence more greatly curved than on the other side.
- Measures can be taken in order to facilitate an overflowing of the inflating medium from the one side of the blade to the other. Perforations in the supporting structure for example come into consideration as such measures.
- In the case of the operation of the concerned hydraulic machine the inflating medium shifts to one of the two sides of the blade, so that the elastic cover alone is bulged on that side. This will always be the side of the blade which lies opposite the side that is flowed against. The bulging takes place therefore always on the “right” side of the blade, consequently where said bulging is desired for the purpose of optimization of the work of the hydraulic machine.
- This is especially important for ship propellers whose direction of rotation is known to be reversible to change the direction of thrust. In the process the suction face and blade face of the blade are interchanged.
- As an alternative to the described embodiment however the following comes into consideration: The two spaces on both sides of the supporting structure—between the supporting structure and the elastic cover—can be connected to a pressure medium. Hence the one or other space can be supplied pressure medium in variable measure; that is, with variable quantity and under variable pressure.
- In this case the supporting structure does not need to be perforated. Rather it has the function of an inside wall.
- The invention will be explained more closely with the help of the drawing. The drawing shows the following:
-
FIG. 1 shows in schematic representation and in a section the blade of a ship propeller in a first approach flow condition. -
FIG. 2 shows the subject matter ofFIG. 1 in a second approach flow condition. - The
blade 1 depicted inFIG. 1 comprises a supportingstructure 2. Said structure has the contour of a lance point. It is shaped symmetrically with regard to its longitudinal axis. The two outer surfaces of the supportingstructure 2 hence have the same course. - The supporting
structure 2 is surrounded by anelastic cover 3. Any type of material comes into consideration, for example rubber or plastic. Theelastic cover 3 exhibits a certain oversize compared to the supportingstructure 2, so that a space arises on the one or the other side of theblade 1. - Between the
elastic cover 3 and the supportingstructure 2 there is a flowable medium 4, in the following named “inflating medium”. This can flow through perforations 2.1 in the supportingstructure 2 from the one side of the blade to the other. The twoFIGS. 1 and 2 show the inflating medium 4 on different sides of theblade 1. - As one furthermore recognizes from
FIGS. 1 and 2 , the inflating medium is on the side of the blade turned away from the approach flow side. Simultaneously one sees that theelastic cover 3 is more greatly bulged on the side where the inflating medium 4 is located. - In the case of operation this condition automatically ensues. If the direction of rotation of the ship propeller is reversed, because one would like to change the direction of thrust, the pressure distribution on the blade effects an excess pressure and because of this a bulge on the side, as shown in the figures. The bulge is located on the “right” side. A better external flow of the
blade 1 arises. - The efficiency is increased and cavitation is prevented.
- The invention is also applicable in the case of blades shaped otherwise. For example, blades can be used that are not shaped symmetrically, as cited above. It is also possible to use the invention in the case of blades whose form or contour can be changed by other measures.
-
FIG. 1 shows theblades 1 of the rotor of the first of two units. In the present case it is a matter of seven blades. However, there could also be more or fewer. As one sees, the free ends of the blades point to the center of the stream unit, so that a clearance remains between the free ends. - From
FIG. 2 one recognizes that it is a matter of two units. From here some of the blades of the two stream units can be recognized, namely againblades 1 of the first unit and blades of the second unit. -
- 1 Blade
- 2 Supporting structure
- 2.1 Perforation
- 3 Elastic cover
- 4 Inflating medium
Claims (20)
1. A blade for a turbo machine
with a blade;
the outer surface of the blade in contact with fluid is formed of an elastic cover which surrounds a supporting structure;
a flowable inflating medium is located between the elastic cover and the supporting structure;
measures are taken in order to facilitate an overflowing of the inflating medium from the one side of the blade to the other side.
2. The blade for a turbo machine
with a blade;
the outer surface of the blade in contact with fluid is formed of an elastic cover which surrounds a supporting structure;
a flowable inflating medium can be placed in the spaces between the supporting structure and the one or the other broadside of the elastic cover.
3. The blade according to claim 1 , characterized in that the supporting structure exhibits perforations for the production of a conductive connection between the two sides of the blade.
4. The blade according to claim 1 , characterized in that the supporting structure, seen in a cross-section, is symmetrically shaped with regard to the longitudinal center plane or longitudinal axis of the blade.
5. The blade according to claim 1 , characterized in that the inflating medium is a fluid or a gas or a highly viscous substance.
6. The blade according to claim 1 , characterized in that the supporting structure with regard to an optimization of the work behavior is flexible or at least partially formed of flexible material.
7. The blade according to claim 1 , characterized in that the supporting structure and/or the elastic cover with regard to an optimization of the work behavior exhibit different thickness profiles over the area of the blade.
8. The blade according to claim 2 , characterized in that the supporting structure, seen in a cross-section, is symmetrically shaped with regard to the longitudinal center plane or longitudinal axis of the blade.
9. The blade according to claim 3 , characterized in that the supporting structure, seen in a cross-section, is symmetrically shaped with regard to the longitudinal center plane or longitudinal axis of the blade.
10. The blade according to claim 2 , characterized in that the inflating medium is a fluid or a gas or a highly viscous substance.
11. The blade according to claim 3 , characterized in that the inflating medium is a fluid or a gas or a highly viscous substance.
12. The blade according to claim 4 , characterized in that the inflating medium is a fluid or a gas or a highly viscous substance.
13. The blade according to claim 2 , characterized in that the supporting structure with regard to an optimization of the work behavior is flexible or at least partially formed of flexible material.
14. The blade according to claim 3 , characterized in that the supporting structure with regard to an optimization of the work behavior is flexible or at least partially formed of flexible material.
15. The blade according to claim 4 , characterized in that the supporting structure with regard to an optimization of the work behavior is flexible or at least partially formed of flexible material.
16. The blade according to claim 5 , characterized in that the supporting structure with regard to an optimization of the work behavior is flexible or at least partially formed of flexible material.
17. The blade according to claim 2 , characterized in that the supporting structure and/or the elastic cover with regard to an optimization of the work behavior exhibit different thickness profiles over the area of the blade.
18. The blade according to claim 3 , characterized in that the supporting structure and/or the elastic cover with regard to an optimization of the work behavior exhibit different thickness profiles over the area of the blade.
19. The blade according to claim 4 , characterized in that the supporting structure and/or the elastic cover with regard to an optimization of the work behavior exhibit different thickness profiles over the area of the blade.
20. The blade according to claim 5 , characterized in that the supporting structure and/or the elastic cover with regard to an optimization of the work behavior exhibit different thickness profiles over the area of the blade.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007002518A DE102007002518B3 (en) | 2007-01-17 | 2007-01-17 | Vane for e.g. water turbine, of ship machine, has blowing medium formed between cover and carrying structure, where measures are met to enable transfer of blowing medium from side of vane blade to other side of blade |
DE102007002518.3 | 2007-01-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20090238692A1 true US20090238692A1 (en) | 2009-09-24 |
Family
ID=39564188
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/014,268 Abandoned US20090238692A1 (en) | 2007-01-17 | 2008-01-15 | Blade of a turbo machine |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090238692A1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20080067986A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102007002518B3 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100143130A1 (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-06-10 | Ronald Ralph Cairo | Inflatable wind turbine blade and method for forming said rotor blade |
US20160176509A1 (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2016-06-23 | Airbus Operations, S.L. | Propeller blade for an aircraft engine |
CN109441719A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-08 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | A kind of film autoexcitation oscillatory type blade of vertical axis wind turbine |
CN113863991A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2021-12-31 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Active control flexible surface blade with high pneumatic efficiency |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3384183A (en) * | 1967-05-08 | 1968-05-21 | Braverman Theodore Stanley | Inflatable vane |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2139741B1 (en) * | 1971-06-03 | 1975-01-17 | Snecma | |
IT963220B (en) * | 1971-11-01 | 1974-01-10 | Gen Electric | VANEL ON EDGE WITH BEVELLED ENTRANCE FOR NOISE REDUCTION COLARLY PARTS FOR TURBOVEN TILATOR REACTORS |
-
2007
- 2007-01-17 DE DE102007002518A patent/DE102007002518B3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-01-15 US US12/014,268 patent/US20090238692A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-01-17 KR KR1020080005301A patent/KR20080067986A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3384183A (en) * | 1967-05-08 | 1968-05-21 | Braverman Theodore Stanley | Inflatable vane |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100143130A1 (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-06-10 | Ronald Ralph Cairo | Inflatable wind turbine blade and method for forming said rotor blade |
US7938623B2 (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2011-05-10 | General Electric Company | Inflatable wind turbine blade and method for forming said rotor blade |
US20160176509A1 (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2016-06-23 | Airbus Operations, S.L. | Propeller blade for an aircraft engine |
US10023299B2 (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2018-07-17 | Airbus Operations, S.L. | Propeller blade for an aircraft engine |
CN109441719A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-08 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | A kind of film autoexcitation oscillatory type blade of vertical axis wind turbine |
CN113863991A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2021-12-31 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Active control flexible surface blade with high pneumatic efficiency |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20080067986A (en) | 2008-07-22 |
DE102007002518B3 (en) | 2008-07-31 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: AIR FERTIGUNG-TECHNOLOGIE GMBH & CO. KG, GERMANY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BUCHLER, DIRK;REEL/FRAME:020613/0996 Effective date: 20080225 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |