US20090162241A1 - Formable sintered alloy with dispersed hard phase - Google Patents

Formable sintered alloy with dispersed hard phase Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090162241A1
US20090162241A1 US12/339,565 US33956508A US2009162241A1 US 20090162241 A1 US20090162241 A1 US 20090162241A1 US 33956508 A US33956508 A US 33956508A US 2009162241 A1 US2009162241 A1 US 2009162241A1
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Prior art keywords
composition
mass
wear
gear
primarily
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Abandoned
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US12/339,565
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Richard Scott
Stephanie Renaud
John Fulmer
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Parker Hannifin Corp
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Parker Hannifin Corp
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Priority to US12/339,565 priority Critical patent/US20090162241A1/en
Assigned to PARKER-HANNIFIN CORPORATION reassignment PARKER-HANNIFIN CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FULMER, JOHN, RENAUD, STEPHANIE, SCOTT, RICHARD
Publication of US20090162241A1 publication Critical patent/US20090162241A1/en
Priority to US12/837,720 priority patent/US20110002805A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a formable sintered alloy with dispersed hard phase.
  • At least one advantage of the present invention is provided by an iron based sintered body having a composition comprising in % by mass: 0.4 to 1.0% of C; 0.5 to 3.5% of Cr; 0.1 to 1.7% of Mo; 0.3 to 3.0% of Cu; and the balance being primarily Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • At least one advantage of the present invention is provided by a gear formed of an iron-based alloy comprising in % by mass: 0.4 to 1.0% of C; 0.5 to 3.5% of Cr; 0.1 to 1.7% of Mo; 0.3 to 3.0% of Cu; and the balance being primarily Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • At least one advantage of the present invention is provided by an iron based sintered body having a composition comprising in % by mass: 0.4 to 1.0% of C; 0.5 to 3.5% of Cr; 0.1 to 1.7% of Mo; 0.3 to 3.0% of Cu; 0.1 to 6.0 of Ni; 0.1 to 0.5 of Mn; the balance being primarily Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • FIG. 1 is a microscopic view of an embodiment of the iron based sintered material of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a wear plot of a prior art gear after an accelerated pump durability wear test
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a portion of the prior art gear of FIG. 2 showing wear on the gear surface;
  • FIG. 4 is a wear plot of a embodiment of a gear of the present invention after the same accelerated pump durability wear test that the prior art gear of FIGS. 2-3 were subjected to;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a portion of the gear of FIG. 4 showing light burnishing on the gear surface.
  • FIG. 1 A microscopic view of an embodiment of the composition of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the lean composition achieves desired microstructure/properties and associated sliding wear resistance with reduced content of expensive alloying ingredients.
  • the constituent ingredients demonstrate sufficient hardenability to achieve martensitic transformation at cooling rates attainable in conventional furnaces thereby leveraging existing installed capacity and deferring capital investment in specialized furnaces.
  • the constituent ingredients demonstrate sufficient hardenability to achieve martensitic transformation at cooling rates attainable in conventional furnaces thereby avoiding the dimensional distortion penalty associated with rapid quenching by oil baths and/or gas pressure quenching.
  • the volume fraction of fine pearlite matrix of generally 70% affords sufficient formability to achieve a high degree of dimensional accuracy required of net-shape sintered articles. Forming may be performed without supplemental part heating, tool heating, intermediate quenching and thereby avoids the associated operational complexity and cost of warm/hot forming processes.
  • An embodiment of the iron-base alloy of the present invention comprises a 20 to 50% weight fraction of prealloy steel of composition A and a 48 to 78% weight fraction of prealloy steel of composition B to which additional alloying elements (and lubricant) are added in preparation of a powdered metal blended mixture.
  • the resulting mixture composition of the embodiment comprises in % by mass: 0.4 to 1.0% of C; 0.5 to 3.5% of Cr; 0.1 to 1.7% of Mo; 0.3 to 3.0% of Cu; and the balance being primarily Fe and unavoidable impurities. (The lubricant will volatilize during sinter and as such is not reflected in the composition %).
  • the mixture is placed in a mold possessing the approximate shape of the finished product and subjected to compaction pressures of between generally 35 and 65 tsi to produce a green body compact.
  • the green body compact is subsequently sintered at a temperature of between 1120 ⁇ C and 1180 ⁇ C for about 25 minutes in an atmosphere comprised of 90% nitrogen and 10% hydrogen.
  • the sintered article subsequently is cooled at a rate not exceeding 0.5 ⁇ C/sec producing a sinter-hardened composite wear resistant microstructure of approximately 20 to 50% dispersed martensite in a matrix of fine pearlite.
  • the sintered article subsequently is subjected to cold treatment and tempering for thermal stabilization.
  • the sintered article Upon completion of thermal treatment, the sintered article is placed in a mold possessing the desired shape of the finished product and subsequently subjected to forming pressures generally between 50 and 75 tsi to achieve dimensional refinement enabling production of discretely toleranced net-shape features.
  • the sintered and formed article demonstrates acceptable sliding wear properties for pumping elements employed with ultra low sulfur diesel fuels (Shell MJ04 U.S. Worst Case Diesel) while offering the costs advantages of lean composition and reduced process complexity in comparison to prior art.
  • Nickel may be added such that the resulting mixture composition of the embodiment comprises in % by mass: 0.4 to 1.0% of C; 0.5 to 3.5% of Cr; 0.1 to 1.7% of Mo; 0.3 to 3.0% of Cu; 0.1 to 6.0% Ni; and the balance being primarily Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the resulting mixture composition of the embodiment comprises in % by mass: 0.4 to 1.0% of C; 0.5 to 3.5% of Cr; 0.1 to 1.7% of Mo; 0.3 to 3.0% of Cu; 0.1 to 0.5% Mn; and the balance being primarily Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the resulting mixture composition of the embodiment comprises in % by mass: 0.4 to 1.0% of C; 0.5 to 3.5% of Cr; 0.1 to 1.7% of Mo; 0.3 to 3.0% of Cu; 0.1 to 6.0% Ni; 0.1 to 0.5% Mn; and the balance being primarily Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the sintered and formed article may be a gear, such as a gear for a gerotor.
  • Testing of a sintered and formed gear in accordance with the present invention was subjected to an accelerated pump durability test with the results of the prior art control gear shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 and the results of the gear of the present invention shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 .
  • FIGS. 2 and 4 are wear plots showing the magnitude of the surface wear of the gear teeth by vector representation. While the wear in FIG. 2 is significantly more than the gear of the present invention shown in FIG. 4 , it is noted that the wear shown in FIG. 4 is magnified at a scale twice that of FIG. 2 in order to see the wear. It is also noted that non-wear portions of the wear plot of FIG. 4 caused by offset have been removed from the original plot to eliminate any confusion from the wear comparison.

Abstract

An iron-base alloy of the present invention comprises a 20 to 50% weight fraction of prealloy steel of composition A and a 48 to 78% weight fraction of prealloy steel of composition B to which additional alloying to which additional alloying elements (and lubricant) are added in preparation of a powdered metal blended mixture. The resulting mixture composition of the embodiment comprises in % by mass: 0.4 to 1.0% of C; 0.5 to 3.5% of Cr; 0.1 to 1.7% of Mo; to 3.0% of Cu; and the balance being primarily Fe and unavoidable impurities. Ni and/or Mn may also be included in the resulting mixture composition.

Description

    RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/015,024 filed Dec. 19, 2007, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
    • BACKGROUND
  • This invention relates to a formable sintered alloy with dispersed hard phase.
    • SUMMARY
  • At least one advantage of the present invention is provided by an iron based sintered body having a composition comprising in % by mass: 0.4 to 1.0% of C; 0.5 to 3.5% of Cr; 0.1 to 1.7% of Mo; 0.3 to 3.0% of Cu; and the balance being primarily Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • At least one advantage of the present invention is provided by a gear formed of an iron-based alloy comprising in % by mass: 0.4 to 1.0% of C; 0.5 to 3.5% of Cr; 0.1 to 1.7% of Mo; 0.3 to 3.0% of Cu; and the balance being primarily Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • At least one advantage of the present invention is provided by an iron based sintered body having a composition comprising in % by mass: 0.4 to 1.0% of C; 0.5 to 3.5% of Cr; 0.1 to 1.7% of Mo; 0.3 to 3.0% of Cu; 0.1 to 6.0 of Ni; 0.1 to 0.5 of Mn; the balance being primarily Fe and inevitable impurities.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
  • Embodiments of this invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a microscopic view of an embodiment of the iron based sintered material of the present invention;
  • FIG. 2 is a wear plot of a prior art gear after an accelerated pump durability wear test;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a portion of the prior art gear of FIG. 2 showing wear on the gear surface;
  • FIG. 4 is a wear plot of a embodiment of a gear of the present invention after the same accelerated pump durability wear test that the prior art gear of FIGS. 2-3 were subjected to; and
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a portion of the gear of FIG. 4 showing light burnishing on the gear surface.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • A microscopic view of an embodiment of the composition of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1. The lean composition achieves desired microstructure/properties and associated sliding wear resistance with reduced content of expensive alloying ingredients. The constituent ingredients demonstrate sufficient hardenability to achieve martensitic transformation at cooling rates attainable in conventional furnaces thereby leveraging existing installed capacity and deferring capital investment in specialized furnaces. The constituent ingredients demonstrate sufficient hardenability to achieve martensitic transformation at cooling rates attainable in conventional furnaces thereby avoiding the dimensional distortion penalty associated with rapid quenching by oil baths and/or gas pressure quenching. The volume fraction of fine pearlite matrix of generally 70% affords sufficient formability to achieve a high degree of dimensional accuracy required of net-shape sintered articles. Forming may be performed without supplemental part heating, tool heating, intermediate quenching and thereby avoids the associated operational complexity and cost of warm/hot forming processes.
  • An embodiment of the iron-base alloy of the present invention comprises a 20 to 50% weight fraction of prealloy steel of composition A and a 48 to 78% weight fraction of prealloy steel of composition B to which additional alloying elements (and lubricant) are added in preparation of a powdered metal blended mixture. The resulting mixture composition of the embodiment comprises in % by mass: 0.4 to 1.0% of C; 0.5 to 3.5% of Cr; 0.1 to 1.7% of Mo; 0.3 to 3.0% of Cu; and the balance being primarily Fe and unavoidable impurities. (The lubricant will volatilize during sinter and as such is not reflected in the composition %). The mixture is placed in a mold possessing the approximate shape of the finished product and subjected to compaction pressures of between generally 35 and 65 tsi to produce a green body compact. The green body compact is subsequently sintered at a temperature of between 1120˜C and 1180˜C for about 25 minutes in an atmosphere comprised of 90% nitrogen and 10% hydrogen. The sintered article subsequently is cooled at a rate not exceeding 0.5˜C/sec producing a sinter-hardened composite wear resistant microstructure of approximately 20 to 50% dispersed martensite in a matrix of fine pearlite. The sintered article subsequently is subjected to cold treatment and tempering for thermal stabilization. Upon completion of thermal treatment, the sintered article is placed in a mold possessing the desired shape of the finished product and subsequently subjected to forming pressures generally between 50 and 75 tsi to achieve dimensional refinement enabling production of discretely toleranced net-shape features. The sintered and formed article demonstrates acceptable sliding wear properties for pumping elements employed with ultra low sulfur diesel fuels (Shell MJ04 U.S. Worst Case Diesel) while offering the costs advantages of lean composition and reduced process complexity in comparison to prior art.
  • In one embodiment, Nickel may be added such that the resulting mixture composition of the embodiment comprises in % by mass: 0.4 to 1.0% of C; 0.5 to 3.5% of Cr; 0.1 to 1.7% of Mo; 0.3 to 3.0% of Cu; 0.1 to 6.0% Ni; and the balance being primarily Fe and unavoidable impurities. In another embodiment, the resulting mixture composition of the embodiment comprises in % by mass: 0.4 to 1.0% of C; 0.5 to 3.5% of Cr; 0.1 to 1.7% of Mo; 0.3 to 3.0% of Cu; 0.1 to 0.5% Mn; and the balance being primarily Fe and unavoidable impurities. In still another embodiment, the resulting mixture composition of the embodiment comprises in % by mass: 0.4 to 1.0% of C; 0.5 to 3.5% of Cr; 0.1 to 1.7% of Mo; 0.3 to 3.0% of Cu; 0.1 to 6.0% Ni; 0.1 to 0.5% Mn; and the balance being primarily Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • In one embodiment, the sintered and formed article may be a gear, such as a gear for a gerotor. Testing of a sintered and formed gear in accordance with the present invention was subjected to an accelerated pump durability test with the results of the prior art control gear shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 and the results of the gear of the present invention shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. FIGS. 2 and 4 are wear plots showing the magnitude of the surface wear of the gear teeth by vector representation. While the wear in FIG. 2 is significantly more than the gear of the present invention shown in FIG. 4, it is noted that the wear shown in FIG. 4 is magnified at a scale twice that of FIG. 2 in order to see the wear. It is also noted that non-wear portions of the wear plot of FIG. 4 caused by offset have been removed from the original plot to eliminate any confusion from the wear comparison.
  • Although the principles, embodiments and operation of the present invention have been described in detail herein, this is not to be construed as being limited to the particular illustrative forms disclosed. They will thus become apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications of the embodiments herein can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope and content of the present invention are to be defined only by the terms of the appended claims.

Claims (5)

1. An iron based sintered body having a composition comprising in % by mass:
0.4 to 1.0% of C;
0.5 to 3.5% of Cr;
0.1 to 1.7% of Mo;
0.3 to 3.0% of Cu; and
the balance being primarily Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. The composition of claim 1 further comprising in % by mass: 0.1 to 6.0 of Ni.
3. The composition of claim 1 further comprising in % by mass: 0.1 to 0.5 of Mn.
4. A gear formed from the iron-based alloy comprising in % by mass: 0.4 to 1.0% of C; 0.5 to 3.5% of Cr; 0.1 to 1.7% of Mo; 0.3 to 3.0% of Cu; and the balance being primarily Fe and inevitable impurities.
5. An iron based sintered body having a composition comprising in % by mass:
0.4 to 1.0% of C;
0.5 to 3.5% of Cr;
0.1 to 1.7% of Mo;
0.3 to 3.0% of Cu;
0.1 to 6.0% of Ni;
0.1 to 0.5% of Mn; and
the balance being primarily Fe and inevitable impurities.
US12/339,565 2007-12-19 2008-12-19 Formable sintered alloy with dispersed hard phase Abandoned US20090162241A1 (en)

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US12/339,565 US20090162241A1 (en) 2007-12-19 2008-12-19 Formable sintered alloy with dispersed hard phase
US12/837,720 US20110002805A1 (en) 2007-12-19 2010-07-16 Formable sintered alloy with dispersed hard phase

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US1502407P 2007-12-19 2007-12-19
US12/339,565 US20090162241A1 (en) 2007-12-19 2008-12-19 Formable sintered alloy with dispersed hard phase

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WO2013102650A1 (en) 2012-01-05 2013-07-11 Höganäs Ab (Publ) New metal powder and use thereof
CN103600062A (en) * 2013-10-10 2014-02-26 铜陵新创流体科技有限公司 Powder metallurgy alloy composite material and manufacturing method thereof
JP2017095756A (en) * 2015-11-24 2017-06-01 住友電工焼結合金株式会社 Sinter hardening method and sintering furnace for sinter hardening

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JP6431012B2 (en) * 2016-09-16 2018-11-28 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Method for producing wear-resistant iron-based sintered alloy and wear-resistant iron-based sintered alloy
CN110434344B (en) * 2019-08-30 2021-09-03 广东光铭新材料科技有限公司 Motor gear and preparation method thereof

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US10702924B2 (en) 2012-01-05 2020-07-07 Höganäs Ab (Publ) Metal powder and use thereof
CN103600062A (en) * 2013-10-10 2014-02-26 铜陵新创流体科技有限公司 Powder metallurgy alloy composite material and manufacturing method thereof
JP2017095756A (en) * 2015-11-24 2017-06-01 住友電工焼結合金株式会社 Sinter hardening method and sintering furnace for sinter hardening

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