US20080284928A1 - Liquid crystal display device and terminal unit - Google Patents

Liquid crystal display device and terminal unit Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080284928A1
US20080284928A1 US12/122,334 US12233408A US2008284928A1 US 20080284928 A1 US20080284928 A1 US 20080284928A1 US 12233408 A US12233408 A US 12233408A US 2008284928 A1 US2008284928 A1 US 2008284928A1
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Prior art keywords
common
pixels
electrode
area
liquid crystal
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US12/122,334
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English (en)
Inventor
Michiaki Sakamoto
Kenichi Mori
Kenichirou Naka
Hiroshi Nagai
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Tianma Japan Ltd
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NEC LCD Technologies Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G02F1/134363—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for applying an electric field parallel to the substrate, i.e. in-plane switching [IPS]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
    • G02F1/133555—Transflectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
    • G09G3/3648—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using an active matrix
    • G09G3/3655—Details of drivers for counter electrodes, e.g. common electrodes for pixel capacitors or supplementary storage capacitors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/133371—Cells with varying thickness of the liquid crystal layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/04—Structural and physical details of display devices
    • G09G2300/0439—Pixel structures
    • G09G2300/0443—Pixel structures with several sub-pixels for the same colour in a pixel, not specifically used to display gradations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/04—Structural and physical details of display devices
    • G09G2300/0439—Pixel structures
    • G09G2300/0456—Pixel structures with a reflective area and a transmissive area combined in one pixel, such as in transflectance pixels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display (LCD) device and a terminal unit and, more particularly, to LCD device including a plurality of sub-pixels in each pixel and a terminal unit including the LCD device.
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • a LCD device including a plurality of sub-pixels in each pixel of the LCD device.
  • Examples of such a LCD device include a transflective LCD device wherein each pixel includes a sub-pixel corresponding to a transmissive area and a sub-pixel corresponding to a reflective area.
  • a lateral electric field mode such as an IPS (in-plane-switching) mode or FFS (fringe-field-switching) mode
  • IPS in-plane-switching
  • FFS far-field-switching
  • a black-white inversion problem is known, wherein display of a dark state and display of a bright state are reversed between the transmissive area and the reflective area such that the transmissive area assumes a normally black mode and the reflective area assumes a normally white mode, as described in Patent Publication JP-2003-344837A, for example.
  • a typical longitudinal (vertical alignment) mode the problem of black-white inversion is optically solved by inserting a ⁇ /4 film.
  • the technique of inserting the ⁇ /4 film cannot be adopted.
  • Patent Publication JP-2007-041572A describes a technique for solving the above black-white inversion problem without inserting a ⁇ /4 film.
  • the black-white inversion problem is solved in a specific drive scheme by applying voltages that provide reversed gray-scale levels to the reflective area and the transmissive area
  • FIG. 15 shows the circuit configuration of a pixel in the LCD device described in SP-2007-041572A.
  • Each pixel 50 includes a first common electrode 53 corresponding to the reflective area 51 , second common electrode 54 corresponding to the transmissive area 52 , and pixel electrodes 55 and 56 in the reflective area 51 and the transmissive area 52 , respectively, to which a common data signal is applied.
  • the liquid crystal (LC) layer in the reflective area 51 is driven by the electric field generated between the pixel electrode 55 and the first common electrode 53 , whereas the LC layer in the transmissive area 52 is driven by the electric field generated between the pixel electrode 56 and the second common electrode 54 .
  • the signal applied to the first common electrode 53 and the signal applied to the second common electrode 54 are reversed.
  • 5V is applied to the pixel electrodes 55 and 56
  • 0V and 5V are applied to the first common electrode 53 and the second common electrode 54 , respectively.
  • 5V is applied to the LC layer in the reflective area 51
  • 0V is applied to the LC layer in the transmissive area 52 .
  • LC molecules in the LC layer are turned only in the reflective area 51 , whereby the problem of black-white inversion is solved.
  • JP-2007-041572A describes the relationship of potential inversion between the first common-electrode signal and the second common-electrode signal in each pixel; however, the publication is silent to the relationship in the common-electrode signal between adjacent rows of the pixels in the whole display area of the LCD device. In addition, there is no teaching as to the technique for generating the common-electrode signal and as to the electric connection in the display area.
  • the present invention provides, in a first aspect thereof, a liquid crystal display device including: an array of pixels each including a plurality of sub-pixels; a plurality of pixel electrodes each disposed in corresponding one of the sub-pixels; and a plurality of common electrodes each disposed in a corresponding one of the sub-pixels to oppose a corresponding one of the pixel electrodes, wherein: one of the common electrode disposed in each of the sub-pixels in one of the pixels on each row is connected to others of the common electrodes disposed in corresponding sub-pixels in the others of the pixels arranged on the each row, to form a group of common electrodes connected together.
  • the present invention provides, in a second aspect thereof, a liquid crystal display device including: an array of pixels each including first and second sub-pixels; first and second pixel electrodes each disposed in the first and second the sub-pixels, respectively; and first and second common electrodes disposed in the first and second sub-pixels, respectively, to oppose the first and second pixel electrodes, respectively, wherein: the first common electrodes in the pixels arranged on an odd-numbered row are connected to the second common electrodes in the pixels arranged on an even-numbered row to form a first group of common electrodes connected together, the second common electrodes in the pixels arranged on the odd-numbered row are connected to the first common electrodes in the pixels arranged on the even-numbered row to form a second group of common electrodes connected together.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a LCD device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a pixel in of the LCD device of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of the LCD device of the first embodiment including a LC driver.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are a schematic operation diagram of the LCD device of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the common electrodes in the LCD device of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the time constant of the common electrodes and the lateral cross talk.
  • FIG. 7 is a timing chart showing the drive signals.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram of a LCD device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic circuit diagram of a LCD device according to a modification of the second embodiment.
  • FIGS. 10A and 10 b are schematic operation diagram of the LCD device of the second embodiment.
  • FIGS. 11A and 11B are schematic operation diagram of a LCD device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a LCD device according to a modification of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic circuit diagram of a pixel in of the LCD device of FIG. 12 .
  • FIG. 14 is front view of a portable terminal including a LCD device according to an example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic circuit diagram of a LCD device described in a patent publication.
  • the above black-white inversion problem is solved using different drive voltages to the transmissive area and the transmissive area, wherein the transmissive area is applied with a specific voltage when the reflective area is not applied the specific voltage.
  • the present invention modifies this technique wherein the reflective area is applied with a specific voltage simultaneously with application of another specific voltage to the transmissive area. More specifically, in an example of the present invention, a gate-line-inverting drive scheme is adopted, and a common-electrode signal (COM signal) and an inverted COM signal ( ⁇ COM signal) are generated.
  • COM signal common-electrode signal
  • ⁇ COM signal inverted COM signal
  • These common-electrode signals are applied to the common electrodes in a pixel disposed in an m-th row and an n-th column, i.e., pixel (m, n), wherein the reflective-area common electrodes, comr(n), and transmissive-area common electrodes, comt(n), are connected in a specific configuration.
  • the present invention is based on a specific circuit configuration of the common electrodes and the technique for generating those common-electrode signals.
  • IPS-mode LCD devices are exemplified as the most of the following embodiments, the present invention can be applied to lateral-electric-filed mode LCD devices including a FFS-mode LCD device.
  • FIG. 1 shows the sectional structure of a transflective LCD according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the LCD) device 10 includes a first polarizing film 11 , a counter substrate 12 mounting thereon color layers if the LCD device is a color LCD device, an LC layer 13 , a TFT (thin-film-transistor) substrate 14 on which an array of pixels each associated with two TFTs are defined, and a second polarizing film 15 .
  • the polarization direction (direction of optical transmission axis or optical absorption axis) of the first polarizing film 11 and the polarization direction of the second polarizing film 15 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the LC molecules in the LC layer 13 have a major axis aligned with the polarization direction of the first polarizing film 11 or second polarizing film 15 upon absence of the applied voltage. It is assumed here that the optical transmission axis direction of the first polarizing film 11 is at 90 degrees (upward in the figure), the optical transmission axis direction of the second polarizing film is at 0 degree (left in the figure), the direction of the major axis of the LC molecules is at 90 degrees, and these angles are expressed in terms of a clockwise direction.
  • the arrow attached to the polarizing film denotes the optical transmission axis direction of the corresponding polarizing film.
  • a pixel 20 is divided into a plurality (two in this example) of sub-pixels each corresponding to a reflective area 21 or a transmissive area 22 .
  • a reflection film 16 and an insulating layer 17 in the reflective area 21 are provided on the TFT substrate 14 .
  • the reflection film 16 reflects the light incident through the first polarizing-film 11 .
  • the surface thereof has convex and concave portions.
  • a pixel electrode 35 receiving a drive signal and a common electrode 36 receiving a reference potential are formed on the insulating layer 17 for driving an LC layer 13 .
  • a pixel electrode 36 and a common electrode 38 are also formed in the transmissive area 22 on the TFT substrate 14 .
  • the pixel electrodes 35 , 36 and common electrodes 37 , 38 have a shape of comb teeth as viewed from the above in the figure, and may be referred to as comb-teeth electrodes.
  • the reflective area 21 uses the light reflected by the reflection film 16 as a light source for display.
  • the LCD device 10 includes a backlight source (not shown) at the rear side of the second polarizing film 15 , and the transmissive area 22 uses the backlight as a light source for display.
  • the transmissive area 22 the gap distance between both the substrates 12 , 14 is adjusted so that the retardation of the LC layer 13 assumes around ⁇ /2. The reason for expressing “around ⁇ /2” is as follows.
  • the LC layer 13 When a voltage is applied to the LC layer 13 to turn the major axis of the LC molecules, the LC molecules in the intermediate portion of the cell gap are turned whereas the LC molecules in the LC layer 13 in the vicinity of the substrates 12 , 14 are suppressed for the turn. For this reason, the LC layer 13 has physically an actual retardation of ( ⁇ /2)+ ⁇ to achieve an effective retardation of ⁇ /2.
  • the cell gap is adjusted by controlling the thickness of the insulating film 17 so that the effective retardation of the LC layer 13 assumes ⁇ /4 upon presence of the voltage applied to the LC layer 13 .
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the pixel on the TFT substrate in the LCD device of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 shows the schematic circuit configuration of the LCD device 10 including a LC driver for driving the LC layer.
  • On the TFT substrate 14 there are provided a plurality of gate lines 31 extending in the row direction of the display area 24 , and a plurality of data lines 32 extending in the column direction.
  • Each pixel 20 is associated with a TFT 33 for the reflective area 21 and a TFT 34 for the transmissive area 22 , both the TFTs 33 , 34 being located in the vicinity of an intersection of a corresponding gate line 31 and a corresponding data line 32 .
  • a first common electrode 37 is provided in the reflective area 21
  • a second common electrode 38 is provided in the transmissive area 22 .
  • Common electrode signal lines include a COM — 1(m) line supplying a COM signal to the reflective-area common electrode of the pixels on the m-th row, and a COM — 2(m) line supplying an inverted COM signal, or ⁇ COM signal, to the transmissive-area common electrode of the pixels on the m-th row.
  • the COM — 1(m) line and COM — 2(m) line provided for the pixels on the m-th row are connected to a first peripheral common-electrode signal line (Peripheral_COM — 1 line) 25 , and a second peripheral common-electrode signal line (Peripheral_COM — 2 line) 26 , respectively, which extend in the peripheral area of the LCD device 10 outside the display area 24 thereof.
  • the LC driver 41 generates a gate signal supplied to the gate line 31 , a data signal supplied to the data line 32 , and a common-electrode signal, COM signal, based on the pixel signal input thereto and a timing signal.
  • the common-electrode signal, COM signal is delivered to a VCOM-IC 42 , which inverts the COM signal to generate an inverted COM signal, or ⁇ COM signal.
  • the COM signal is supplied to the Peripheral_COM — 1 line 25 , whereas the ⁇ COM signal is supplied to the Peripheral_COM — 2 line 26 .
  • the data signal is a gate-line inverted signal that is inverted gate line by gate line, whereas the COM signal and ⁇ COM signal are also a gate-line inverted signal that is inverted gate line by gate line.
  • COM — 1(m) line is connected to comt(m,n), comt(m,n+1), . . . of the pixels on the m-th row:
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B exemplify the pixel voltage and COM signal in the reflective area and transmissive area of each pixel, upon display of a bright state and a dark state, respectively, in the LCD device 10 .
  • the pixel voltage is inverted every row by using a gate-line inversion technique, and COM signal and ⁇ COM signal are also inverted every row by using a gate-line inversion technique. More specifically, in a single frame of the LCD operation, the COM signal is inverted every row selection period so that potentials 5V, 0V, 5V, 0V, . . . appear in sequence. Similarly, the ⁇ COM signal is inverted every row selection period so that 0V, 5V, 0V, 5V, . . . appear in sequence, assuming an inverted potential of the COM signal.
  • the pixel-electrode potential of the reflective area 21 and the transmissive area 22 in the pixels on the m-th row assumes 5V.
  • n is an arbitrary number of the column.
  • the reflective-area common electrode, comr(m,n), of the pixels on the m-th row is connected to the COM electrode line, COM — 2(m), which supplies the ⁇ COM signal and assumes 5V upon selection of the m-th line.
  • the transmissive-area common electrode, comt(m,n), of the pixels on the m-th row is connected to the COM — 1(m) line, which supplies the COM signal and assumes 0V upon selection of the m-th row.
  • the LC layer in the reflective area is applied with a voltage equal to
  • 0V
  • the LC layer in the transmissive area is applied with a voltage equal to
  • 5V, whereby both the areas 21 , 22 represent a bright state.
  • both the reflective-area pixel-electrode potential and transmissive-area pixel-electrode potential are 0V.
  • the reflective-area common electrode, comr(m+1,n) of the reflective area on the (m+1)th row is connected to the COM — 2(m+1) line which supplies the ⁇ COM signal and assumes 0V upon selection of the (m+1)th row.
  • the transmissive-area common electrode, comt(m+1,n) of the transmissive area of the pixels on the (m+1)th row is connected to the COM — 1(m+1) line, which supplies the COM signal and assumes 5V upon selection of the (m+1)th row.
  • the LC layer in the reflective area is applied with 0V
  • the LC layer in the transmissive area is applied with 5V, whereby both the areas represent a bright state.
  • All the rows including the (m+2)th row and subsequent rows operate similarly to the above m-th row or (m+1)th row, whereby all the pixels on the screen represent a bright state.
  • the reflective-area pixel-electrode potential and the transmissive-area pixel-electrode potential of the pixels on the m-th row assume 0V.
  • the reflective-area common electrode, comr(m,n), of the pixels on the m-th row is connected to the common-electrode line, COM — 2 (m), which supplies the ⁇ COM signal and assumes 5V upon selection of the m-th row.
  • the transmissive-area common electrode, comt(m,n), of the pixels on the m-th row is connected to the COM — 1(m) line, which supplies the COM signal and assumes 0V upon selection of the m-th row.
  • the LC layer in the reflective area is applied with a voltage equal to
  • 5V
  • the LC layer in the transmissive area is applied with a voltage equal to
  • 0V, whereby both the areas represent a dark state.
  • the reflective-area pixel-electrode potential and transmissive-area pixel-electrode potential assume 5V.
  • the reflective-area common electrode, comr(m+1,n) of the (m+1)th row is connected to the COM — 2(m+1) line, which supplies the ⁇ COM signal and assumes 0V upon selection of (m+1)th row.
  • the transmissive-area common electrode, comt(m+1, n), of pixels on the (m+1)th row is connected to the COM — 1(m+1) line, which supplies the COM signal and assumes 5V upon selection of the (m+1)th row.
  • the LC layer in the reflective area is applied with 5V
  • the LC layer in the transmissive area is applied with 0V, whereby both the areas of the (m+1)th row represent a dark state. Operation of (m+2)th row is similar to that of the m-th row.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of connection for the common-electrode lines in the LCD device 10 .
  • the COM signal output from the LC driver 41 is supplied to the Peripheral_COM — 1 line 25 , which supplies the COM signal for the transmissive area.
  • the COM signal is also input to the inverting amplifier VCOM-IC 42 , which generates the ⁇ COM signal and supplies the ⁇ COM signal to the Peripheral_COM — 2 line 26 .
  • the VCOM-IC 42 raises the signal amplitude of the ⁇ COM signal to increase the drive voltage for the reflective area.
  • the reason for using a higher signal amplitude in the reflective area compared to the transmissive area is that an ON-OFF control of the comb-teeth electrodes of the pixel electrode and common electrode is not performed in the reflective area, and thus for achieving a higher contrast ratio in the transmissive area, a larger distance should be adopted between the pixel electrode and the common electrode in the reflective area, which reduces the electric field per voltage therebetween.
  • the layout configuration of the Peripheral_COM — 1 line 25 , a plurality of gate lines 31 , and the Peripheral_COM — 2 line 26 it is preferable that the layout of these lines outside the display area 24 follows in the order of the Peripheral_COM — 1 line 25 , gate lines 31 and the Peripheral_COM — 2 line 26 as viewed from the display area 24 of the LCD device 10 .
  • the reason for disposing the Peripheral_COM — 1 line 25 nearest to the display area 24 is that the Peripheral_COM — 1 line 25 supplies a signal to the transmissive area, which requires a higher image quality compared to the transmissive area, and thus it is desirable that the Peripheral_COM — 1 line 25 have a lower resistance and thus a smaller time constant.
  • the smaller time constant suppresses distortion of the signal waveform of the COM signal and also reduces the lateral cross talk.
  • the LC driver 41 has a pair of COM terminals at both the ends of the LC driver 41 attached to the LCD panel of the LCD device 10 at one side thereof.
  • the Peripheral_COM — 1 line 25 extends from the COM terminals of the LC driver 41 and configures a loop extending along the three sides of the display area 24 .
  • the loop of the Peripheral COM lines lowers the voltage drop of the COM lines and thus suppresses distortion of the signal waveform of the COM signal and ⁇ COM signal applied to the pixels.
  • the Peripheral_COM — 1 line 25 is formed from a gate (G) layer which is configured to form the gate lines 31 , and enters from the LC driver 41 to the display area 24 after crossing a seal member 27 which defines the outer periphery of the display area 24 .
  • the seal member 27 is used for sealing the LC layer between the TFT substrate and the counter substrate.
  • the Peripheral COM — 1 line is connected via through-holes 23 to a data (D) layer which is also configured to form data lines, and extends along the outer periphery of the display area 24 inside the seal member 27 .
  • the gate lines extend from the LC driver 41 and enter the display area 24 after crossing the seal member 27 .
  • the gate lines 31 cross the Peripheral_COM — 1 line 25 after the Peripheral COM — 1 line 25 is configured by the data layer. That is, in this configuration, the Peripheral_COM — 1 line 25 can intersect the gate lines 31 at any position within the display area 24 .
  • the Peripheral_COM — 2 line 26 extends from the VCOM_IC 42 , the Peripheral_COM — 2 line 26 is arranged outside the COM terminals and gate terminals of the LC driver 41 . Therefore, the Peripheral_COM — 2 line 26 is disposed outside the peripheral gate line as viewed from the display area 24 . Since the location outside the gate line 31 means outside the seal member 27 , the Peripheral_COM — 2 line 26 is configured by the gate layer.
  • the Peripheral_COM — 2 line 26 extends to the peripheral position opposite to the LC driver 41 , is subjected to G/D conversion at the through-holes and then again extends toward the LC driver 41 as the data layer within the display area 24 inside the seal member 27 .
  • the Peripheral_COM — 2 line 26 is introduced into the display area 24 after this G/D conversion.
  • FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the time constant of COM line and the lateral cross talk.
  • This figure exemplifies a chrome (Cr) metal extending as the Peripheral_COM — 1 line 25 on a 3.5′′QVGA (240 ⁇ 320) panel. If the Peripheral_COM — 1 line 25 extends outside the Peripheral_COM — 2 line, the time constant may assume 35 microseconds as indicated by “B” in the graph, which cause a 4%-level cross talk.
  • Cr chrome
  • the time constant may assume 20 microseconds, which reduces the cross talk down to a 2% level.
  • the reason for using the driver COM output signal as the transmissive-area COM signal and generating the inverted COM signal, ⁇ COM, by using the driver COM signal as an input is as follows.
  • VT voltage-transmittance
  • VR voltage-reflectance
  • FIG. 7 shows the drive voltage waveform having an offset voltage in this case.
  • offset voltage is a deviation of the center value of the amplitude of the voltage with respect to 0V.
  • the potential of the Peripheral_COM — 2 line 26 i.e., the reflective-area common-electrode potential (R-COM potential) is varied within an amplitude of 8V between ⁇ 3V and 5V.
  • the potential of the Peripheral_COM — 1 line 25 i.e., the transmissive-area common-electrode potential (T-COM potential) is varied within an amplitude of 5V between ⁇ 1.5V and 3.5V.
  • the VCOM-IC 42 eliminates the DC component of the transmissive-area COM signal by using a capacitor, then inverts the same, and amplifies in voltage if needed.
  • the VCOM-IC 42 is configured so that the center value of the inverted COM signal may be adjusted in an offset control circuit. In general, if the center value of the transmissive-area and reflective-area COM signals is deviated from a flicker minimum voltage, a flicker is generated. In addition, the flicker minimum value is generally different between the reflective area and the transmissive area depending on the way of TFT leakage current and the storage capacitance of the reflective/transmissive area.
  • the technique for supplying the common-electrode signal to the reflective area and transmissive area of the pixels arranged in a plurality of rows is detailed.
  • This technique achieves an effective drive of a lateral-electric-field-mode transflective LCD device.
  • use of the COM signal output from the LC driver as the transmissive-area common-electrode signal, and generation of the amplified inverted common-electrode signal, ⁇ COM, from the COM signal provides an effective technique for allowing coincidence of the VT characteristic between the reflective area and the transmissive area, and eliminating the factor impeding a display quality, such as cross talk or flicker.
  • the transmissive LCD device has an improved image quality substantially without incurring a cross talk.
  • FIG. 8 shows a sectional view of the LCD device of the present embodiment including a driver for driving the LC.
  • the TFT substrate 14 mounts thereon a plurality of gate lines 31 extending in a row direction, a plurality of data lines 32 extending in a column direction, and an array of pair of TFTs disposed in the vicinity of an intersection of a gate line and a data line.
  • the pair of TFTs are disposed for a single pixel, and include a first TFT 33 for a reflective area and a second TFT 34 for a transmissive area.
  • the TFTs 33 , 34 are connected to the reflective-area pixel electrode and transmissive-area pixel electrode, respectively.
  • the reflective area 21 includes a first common electrode
  • the transmissive area 22 includes a second common electrode.
  • a pixel (m,n) located on a m-th row and n-th column includes a reflective-area common electrode, comr(m,n), and a transmissive-area common electrode, comt(m,n).
  • a COM — 1(m) line extends on the m-th row for supplying the common-electrode signal, COM, to the reflective area
  • a COM — 2(m) line extends on the m-th row for supplying the inverted common-electrode signal, ⁇ COM, to the transmissive area.
  • the COM — 1(2m) line is connected to the transmissive-area common electrodes comt(2m,n), comt(2m,n+1), . . .
  • the pixels on the even-numbered row has a connection configuration opposite to the connection configuration of the pixels on the odd-numbered row as to the relationship between the COM — 1 and COM — 2 lines.
  • the LC driver 41 generates a gate signal supplied to the gate lines 31 , a data signal supplied to the data line 32 , and a common-electrode signal, COM signal, supplied to the common electrodes, based on the input pixel signal and a timing signal.
  • the VCOM-IC 42 receives the common-electrode signal, COM, and generates therefrom an inverted COM signal.
  • COM — 1(2m+1) and COM — 1(2m) signals are separately generated in FIG. 8
  • the COM — 1(2m+1) signal is the same as the COM — 1(2m) signal, and thus the signal lines for these signals may be integrated, as shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the transmissive-area common-electrode signal, COM — 1(2m), for the pixels on the 2m-th row is the same as the reflective-area common-electrode signal, COM — 1(2m+1), for the pixels on the adjacent (2m+1)th row.
  • FIGS. 10A and 10B are an operation diagram showing the drive voltage for the pixels upon display of a bright state and a dark state, respectively, associated with a waveform signal of the pixel signals and the COM signals.
  • the LCD device uses a gate-line inverting drive scheme for the pixel signals, whereas the LCD device uses a frame inverting drive scheme for the COM signal and ⁇ COM signal pixel. More specifically, in a frame, COM1 signal is constant at 5V, and COM2 signal is constant at 0V. Since COM1(2m) signal and COM1 (2m+1) signal have the same potential, the signal lines for supplying COM — 1(2m) and COM — 1(2m+1) signals are shown as an integrated line in FIG. 10 .
  • the reflective-area pixel-electrode potential and the transmissive-area pixel-electrode potential on the 2m-th row are at 5V.
  • the common electrode, comr(2m,n) of the reflective-area of the pixels on the 2m-th row is connected to the common-electrode line, COM — 2(2m), which receives inverted COM signal and assumes 5V upon selection of the 2m-th row.
  • the transmissive-area common electrode, comt(2m,n) of the pixels on the 2m-th row is connected to the COM — 1(2m) line, which receives the COM signal and assumes 0V upon selection of the 2m-th row.
  • the LC layer in the reflective area is applied with 0V
  • the LC layer in the transmissive area is applied with 5V, whereby LC layer in both the areas represents a bright state.
  • the reflective-area pixel-electrode potential and the transmissive-area pixel-electrode potential on the (2m+1)th row assume 0V, due to the gate-line inverting drive scheme.
  • the reflective-area common electrode, comr(2m+1,n), of the pixels on the (2m+1)th row is connected to the COM — 1 (2m+1) line, which receives the COM signal and assumes 0V due to the frame inverting drive scheme.
  • the transmissive-area common electrode of the pixels on the (2m+1)th row is connected the COM — 2(2m+1) line, which receives the inverted COM signal, ⁇ COM signal, and assumes 5V upon selection of the (2m+1)th row,
  • the LC layer in the reflective area is applied with 0V
  • the LC layer in the transmissive area is applied with 5V, whereby the LC layer in both the areas represent a bright state.
  • the COM signals of the pixels on the (2m+2)-th row is similar to the COM signals of the pixels on the 2m-th row.
  • the reflective-area pixel-electrode potential and transmissive-area pixel-electrode potential on the m-th row is 0V.
  • the reflective-area common electrode, comr(2m,n) is connected to the common-electrode line, COM — 2 (2m), of the 2m-th row, which receives the inverted COM signal, ⁇ COM, and assumes 5V upon selection of the 2m-th row.
  • the transmissive-area common electrode, comt(2m,n), of the pixels on the 2m-th row is connected to COM — 1(2m) line, which receives the COM signal and assumes 0V upon selection of the 2m-th row. Therefore, the LC layer in the reflective area is applied with 5V, and the LC layer in the transmissive area is applied with 0V, whereby the LC layer in the reflective area and transmissive area represents a dark state.
  • the reflective-area pixel-electrode potential and transmissive-area pixel-electrode potential of the pixels on the (2m+1)th row is 5V due to the gate-line inverting drive scheme.
  • the reflective-area common electrode, comr(2m+1,n) of the pixels on the (2m+1)th row is connected to the COM — 1(2m+1) line, which receives the COM signal and assumes 0V upon selection of the (2m+1)th row due to the frame inverting drive scheme.
  • the transmissive-area pixel electrode of the pixels on the (2m+1)th row is connected to the COM — 2 (2m+1) line, which receives the inverted COM signal, ⁇ COM, and assumes 5V upon selection of the (2m+1)th row. Therefore, the LC layer in the reflective area is applied with 5V, and the LC layer in the transmissive area is applied with 0V, whereby the LC layer in the reflective area and transmissive area represents a dark state.
  • the subsequent (2m+2)th row is similar to the 2m-th row.
  • the COM signal driven by the frame inverting drive scheme reduces the power dissipation.
  • the reflective-area common-electrode line of the pixels on the 2m-th row can be integrated with the transmissive-area common-electrode line of the pixels on the (2m+1)th row, to thereby increase the aperture ratio of the LCD device, which is defined by an effective display area to the total display area.
  • the method of driving the LC layer is not limited to the above embodiments.
  • the COM potential and inverted COM potential may be driven in a frame inverting drive scheme, whereas the pixel-electrode potential is driven in the frame inverting drive scheme.
  • FIGS. 11A and 11B show a bright state and a dark state, respectively, in which both the pixel-electrode potential and the COM potential are driven by a frame inverting drive scheme. This configuration further reduces the power dissipation.
  • each pixel includes a reflective area corresponding to a first sub-pixel, and a transmissive area corresponding to a second sub-pixel; however, each pixel in the LCD device of the present invention may include two or more sub-pixels.
  • the term “odd-numbered row” and “even-numbered row” may be replaced by m-th row, (m+1)th row and (m+2)th row where m is an integer equal to or more than zero.
  • FIG. 12 is sectional view of a LCD device according to a modification of the first embodiment.
  • This modification is an example of the FFS-mode LCD device to which the first embodiment of the present invention is applied.
  • the common electrode 35 , 36 are formed on the TFT substrate 14 , and are isolated from each other by an intervening insulation film 17 .
  • Electric field for the LC layer 13 is generated between the fringe of the pixel electrode 35 , 36 and the common electrode 37 , 38 .
  • the first common electrode 37 functions as a reflector in the reflection area 21 .
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic circuit diagram of a pixel in of the LCD device of FIG. 12 .
  • FIG. 13 corresponds to FIG. 2 showing the circuit configuration of the pixel in the LCD device of the first embodiment.
  • Both the first and second pixel electrodes 35 , 36 are configured as a comb-shaped electrode, whereas the first and second common electrodes 37 , 38 are of a flat shape.
  • Other configurations of the LCD device of the modification are similar to those of the LCD device of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 shows a front view of a portable terminal including a LCD device according to an example of the present invention.
  • the portable device 60 includes the LCD device 10 as a display unit for the portable device.
  • Other constituent elements of the portable device 10 are configured by typical devices, and thus are omitted for detailed description.

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