US20080279626A1 - Concrete pavers layable in a herringbone pattern - Google Patents
Concrete pavers layable in a herringbone pattern Download PDFInfo
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- US20080279626A1 US20080279626A1 US12/173,933 US17393308A US2008279626A1 US 20080279626 A1 US20080279626 A1 US 20080279626A1 US 17393308 A US17393308 A US 17393308A US 2008279626 A1 US2008279626 A1 US 2008279626A1
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- Prior art keywords
- paver
- pavers
- spacers
- spacer
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
- E01C5/06—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units with cement or like binders
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C2201/00—Paving elements
- E01C2201/02—Paving elements having fixed spacing features
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C2201/00—Paving elements
- E01C2201/06—Sets of paving elements
Abstract
First and second concrete pavers that are configured to form a paver system arrangeable in a herringbone pattern. A plurality of the first pavers and a plurality of the second pavers, which together form a kit of pavers, can be used to construct a permeable pavement with the herringbone pattern. The first and second pavers are preferably molded in a layer with the pavers arranged in the herringbone pattern. The layer can then be mechanically installed using suitable mechanical installation equipment.
Description
- The invention relates to concrete pavers. More particularly, the invention relates to a concrete paver system that facilitates mechanical installation of the pavers in a herringbone pattern.
- Concrete pavers are high strength modular concrete units that fit together to create paved areas. Concrete pavers have been used for many years to construct paved areas for pedestrian and vehicular traffic. Concrete pavers have been used to pave walkways, driveways, streets, airport taxiways, parking lots, patios, and the like.
- Many pavers are made with spacers on their sides to maintain a uniform spacing between the pavers. The spacers are designed to maintain a minimum joint width between the pavers that provides just enough space for sand to effectively fill the joints between the pavers. The sand between the pavers transfers shear loads between the pavers, thereby achieving vertical interlock of the pavers to prevent vertical movement of the pavers relative to one another. A common joint width for these types of pavers is about 1.5 mm.
- The water permeability of the pavement can be increased, when desirable, by increasing the joint width. The Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute, Tech Spec Number 1, May 2001 Revision (the “ICPI Tech Spec”), suggests that permeable pavement have joint widths of about 10 mm to about 30 mm. Accordingly, concrete pavers have been made with suitable spacer dimensions of this magnitude to create highly water permeable pavements.
- In addition to water permeability, factors to be considered when installing pavers are the anticipated loading on the pavers and the aesthetics sought by the customer. Concrete pavers can be laid in a number of patterns to meet differing engineering requirements and aesthetic requirements. A popular pattern from both an aesthetic and engineering standpoint is a herringbone pattern. A herringbone pattern is visually appealing, and is the most effective pattern for dispersing forces from braking and accelerating vehicles, thereby maintaining horizontal interlock between the pavers. Herringbone patterns are usually installed with the lengths of the pavers at 45 degrees with respect to the anticipated direction of pedestrian or vehicular traffic, or they are laid in a 90 degree pattern as shown in
FIG. 1 . - Pavers are increasingly being installed using mechanical installation. In mechanical installation, machinery is used to lift and place layers of pavers that are prearranged in their final laying pattern. Mechanical installation increases the rate of paving, reduces worker fatigue, and reduces the risk of injury to workers.
- The invention relates to a system of concrete pavers for use in creating a pavement, including permeable pavement, that has a herringbone pattern and that can be mechanically installed.
- The system comprises first and second generally rectangular concrete pavers that are configured to form a pavement, and that are configured to be arranged in a herringbone pattern. A plurality of the first pavers and a plurality of the second pavers, which together comprise a kit of pavers, can be used to construct the pavement with the herringbone pattern.
- The concrete pavers of the present invention are made in a dry cast process that is well-known in the art. The mold used to make these pavers is configured to make a plurality of both of the shapes of pavers, arranged in the herringbone pattern. Each “drop” of pavers so made is then stacked on a shipping pallet as a successive layer. A mechanical laying machine can take an entire layer of pavers from the shipping pallet, and can install the entire layer of pavers at one time.
- Each of the first and second pavers has a top surface, a bottom surface, a generally vertical first side surface, a generally vertical second side surface opposite the first side surface, a generally vertical third side surface extending from the first side surface to the second side surface, and a generally vertical fourth side surface opposite the third side surface and extending from the first side surface to the second side surface. The first and second side surfaces have generally equal lengths and the third and fourth side surfaces have generally equal lengths. The length of the first and second side surfaces is greater than the length of the third and fourth side surfaces. The first and second pavers have generally the same length, width and height.
- The first paver has at least two spacers on the first side thereof and at least one spacer on the third side thereof, with the spacers extending outward from the first and third side surfaces of the first paver generally the same distance. The first paver is free of spacers on the second and fourth side surfaces. In addition, a first of the spacers on the first side surface is positioned on one side of the midpoint of the length of the first side surface and a second of the spacers is positioned from the midpoint to the end of the side surface furthest from the first spacer.
- The second paver has at least two spacers on the first side surface thereof and at least one spacer on the fourth side surface thereof, with the spacers extending outward from the first and fourth side surfaces of the second paver generally the same distance as the spacers on the first and third side surfaces of the first paver. The second paver is free of spacers on the second and third side surfaces. Further, a first of the spacers of the second paver on the first side surface thereof is positioned on one side of the midpoint of the length of the first side surface and a second of the spacers is positioned from the midpoint to the end of the side surface furthest from the first spacer.
- In one embodiment, the first and second pavers are configured so as to create a permeable pavement when installed, with the first and second pavers having an overall width and length the same as that of an existing non-permeable paver. With the first and second pavers configured in this manner, the first and second pavers can be used on a job site to produce a permeable pavement and the non-permeable pavers can be used on the same job site to produce a non-permeable pavement. Due to the similarity in size of the pavers, the permeable and non-permeable pavements have generally similar appearances thereby providing general visual continuity between the different types of pavement. Further, due to their similarity in size, the first and second pavers can be used to replace individual non-permeable pavers in an existing non-permeable pavement. In this embodiment, the first and second pavers, together with the existing non-permeable pavers, form a complete paving system that allows formation of permeable and non-permeable pavement, each of which can be mechanically installed in a herringbone pattern, and with each pavement having a similar appearance.
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FIG. 1 illustrates a section of pavement formed from first and second pavers of the invention. -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the first paver. -
FIG. 3 is a top view of the first paver. -
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the first paver taken along line 4-4 ofFIG. 3 . -
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the second paver. -
FIG. 6 is a top view of the second paver. -
FIG. 7 is a top view of the mold showing the mold cavities used to form the first and second pavers of the invention into a layer of pavers, including half size square filler pavers to complete a rectangular layer of pavers. -
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a rectangular layer of pavers produced by the mold ofFIG. 7 . -
FIG. 9 is a top view of one of the half size square filler pavers produced by the mold ofFIG. 7 . - The invention provides a system of concrete pavers for use in creating a pavement having a herringbone pattern and that can be mechanically installed. The invention will be described with respect to the construction of a permeable pavement. However, the pavers can also be used to construct pavement that is not considered to be permeable pavement.
- With reference initially to
FIG. 1 , the system comprises first andsecond concrete pavers pavers pavement 12. - The
pavers spacers 14 that are provided on the pavers to definejoints 16 between the pavers. The joints are filled with a moisture permeable material, for example coarse aggregate or topsoil and grass. The joint width and the material filling the joints allow rainfall and other moisture to pass through thepavement 12, thereby increasing the drainage of rainfall and other moisture through thepavement 12. Thepavement 12 is constructed on top of a suitable bedding course and base course, for example No. 8 aggregate and No. 57 aggregate, respectively. - The widths of the
joints 16 are generally equal to each other. Preferably, the width of thejoints 16 is less than or equal to about 15 mm. These joint widths, together with the material that fills the joints, provide a permeability that is similar to the permeability of conventional permeable pavers. However, other joint widths could be used depending upon how much water permeability is desired.FIG. 1 illustrates thepavers pavers spacers 14. - As shown in
FIGS. 1 , 3 and 6, each of thepavers 10A has a longitudinal axis a-a and each of thepavers 10B has a longitudinal axis b-b. The herringbone pattern inFIG. 1 is a 90 degree herringbone pattern where the longitudinal axes a-a are generally parallel to one another, the longitudinal axes b-b are generally parallel to one another, and the longitudinal axes a-a are generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axes b-b. In addition, thepavers 10A are arranged along a plurality of diagonal axes da that are parallel to one another, and thepavers 10B are arranged along a plurality of diagonal axes db that are parallel to one another and parallel to the axes da. - Details of the
pavers FIGS. 2-6 . Eachpaver - Each
paver top surface 20 which during the intended use of the paver faces upward, abottom surface 22 opposite the top surface 20 (the bottom surface of thepaver 10B is not visible in the figures but is generally similar to the bottom surface of thepaver 10A), a generally verticalfirst side surface 24 and a generally verticalsecond side surface 26 opposite the first side surface, a generally verticalthird side surface 28 extending from thefirst side surface 24 to thesecond side surface 26, and a generally verticalfourth side surface 30 opposite the third side surface and extending from the first side surface to the second side surface. - A
chamfer 32 is provided between thetop surface 20 and the side surfaces 24, 26, 28, 30. The intersection between thechamfer 32 and thetop surface 20 is preferably irregular, thereby making thetop surface 20 appear irregular, to enhance the appearance of thepavers - For each
paver FIGS. 3 and 6 , L1 is greater than L2. Preferably, L1 is twice L2. Further, thepavers - Turning now to
FIGS. 2-4 , thepaver 10A is integrally formed with at least two of thespacers 14 on thefirst side surface 24 and at least one of thespacers 14 on thethird side surface 28. Thespacers 14 extend outwardly from the respective side surface approximately the same distance D. Thepaver 10A is free of spacers on thesecond side surface 26 and on thefourth side surface 30, and those side surfaces 26, 30 are preferably generally planar. However, the side surfaces 26, 30, as well as the side surfaces 24, 28, could be provided with projections that extend outwardly therefrom a distance less than the distance D. In that case, those projections would not abut against adjacent pavers and would not function as spacers when the pavers are arranged in a herringbone pattern as described herein. - As best seen in
FIG. 4 , eachspacer 14 extends nearly the entire height H of thepaver 10A, from thebottom surface 22 to adjacent thetop surface 20. The upper end of eachspacer 14 near thetop surface 20 has achamfer 34 so that the top of thespacer 14 is disposed at an angle α to horizontal. This configuration helps to hide thespacers 14 when the pavers are laid and permeable material fills thejoints 16. - Further, as best seen in
FIG. 3 , thespacers 14 are tapered whereby the spacers decrease in width W from the respective side surfaces 24, 28 to their free ends. Moreover, thespacers 14 on theside surface 24 are disposed on opposite sides of the midpoint mp of the length of theside surface 24, while thespacer 14 on theside surface 28 is disposed on one side of the longitudinal axis a-a. One spacer on thefirst side surface 24 is spaced a distance L3 from thefourth side surface 30, and thespacers 14 on thefirst side surface 24 are spaced a distance L4 from each other. Thespacer 14 on theside surface 28 is spaced a distance L5 from thefirst side surface 24. - The
paver 10B is generally similar to thepaver 10A, but instead of having aspacer 14 on thethird side surface 28, thepaver 10B includes at least onespacer 14 on thefourth side surface 30, and the third side surface is free of spacers, as illustrated inFIGS. 5 and 6 . Further, the positioning of thespacers 14 on thefirst side surface 24 ofpaver 10B is different than inpaver 10A so that distance L3 is now measured from thethird side surface 28. - Exemplary dimensions for the
pavers -
Paver 10APaver 10B L1 264 mm 264 mm L2 124 mm 124 mm H 80 mm 80 mm L 3 30 mm 30 mm L4 160 mm 160 mm L 5 30 mm 30 mm D 15 mm 15 mm W 25 mm 25 mm α 30 degrees 30 degrees - These exemplary dimensions provide the
pavers spacer 14 onside surface 24 to theopposite side surface 26 and from the tip ofspacer 14 onside surface 28 to the opposite side surface 30) that are the same as an existing non-permeable paver, the Holland paver by Anchor Block Company of Minnetonka, Minn.Pavers pavers individual pavers pavers - With reference to
FIG. 7 , amold 50 having a plurality of first andsecond mold cavities pavers cavities - Each
mold cavity pavers - Each of the
first cavities 52A hasspacer cavities 62 formed in theside face 54 and in theside face 58 for forming thespacers 14 on thepaver 10A. Similarly, each of thesecond cavities 52B hasspacer cavities 62 formed in theside face 54 and in theside face 60 for forming thespacers 14 on thepaver 10B. In the preferred embodiment, the side faces 56, 60 of thefirst cavities 52A and the side faces 56, 58 of thesecond cavities 52B are free of spacer cavities to form corresponding paver side surfaces that are planar and free of spacers. - The
mold 50 is also provided with generallysquare mold cavities 64 around the perimeter thereof to complete a generally rectangular paver layer mold. The mold cavities 64 fill in gaps between thecavities cavities cavities 64 are configured to produce a generallysquare paver 70, illustrated inFIG. 9 , that is approximately half the size of thepavers cavity 64 is similar in construction to thecavities spacer cavities 66, each of which is located approximately halfway along two adjacent sides of thecavity 64. The result is thepaver 70 shown inFIG. 9 , withspacers 14 halfway alongadjacent sides paver 70. - To produce the
pavers mold cavities mold 50. Once the bottoms are closed, dry cast concrete is introduced into the mold cavities through the open tops of the mold cavities. The concrete in each mold cavity is then consolidated through vibratory action and compaction that are well-known in the art. Such consolidation produces pre-cured concrete pavers. The bottoms of the mold cavities are then reopened, and the pre-cured concrete pavers are then discharged from the mold cavities through the reopened bottoms of the molds. Discharge can occur by lowering the pallet relative to the mold, with the stripper shoes pushing the pre-cured pavers out through the bottom. The pavers are then cured using known curing techniques. - The result is a
rectangular layer 80 ofpavers FIG. 8 , where thepavers half pavers 70 fill in the sides of the rectangular paver layer. When a pavement is produced using a plurality of thelayers 80, thelayers 80 are preferably laid so that thepavers 70 in one layer are next topavers 70 in anadjacent layer 80. Thepavers 70 can then be removed by hand and replaced with one of thepavers - The
entire layer 80 can be mechanically installed. The equipment used to install thelayer 80 can be motorized or non-motorized. Further details on mechanical installation of concrete pavers and the function of such machinery are described in Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute's Tech Spec Number 11, 2000 Revision. -
- (A) each first paver having no chamfer between the bottom surface and the third side surface at least at the at least one spacer on the third side surface; and
- (B) each first paver having a chamfer between the top surface and the third side surface at least at the at least one spacer on the third side surface;
- (iii) the spacers on each first paver extending outward from the first and third surfaces generally the same distance;
- (iv) the first paver being free of spacers on the second and fourth side surfaces; and
- (v) each first paver being configured so that when positioned with the bottom surface directed down, the first side surface is a next side clockwise around the first paver from the third side surface;
- (c) a plurality of second generally rectangular pavers; the second pavers each having: a top surface and an opposite bottom surface; a generally vertical first side surface; a generally vertical second side surface opposite the first side surface; a generally vertical third side surface extending from the first side surface to the second side surface; and a generally vertical fourth side surface opposite the third side surface and extending from the first side surface to the second side surface;
- (i) the first and second side surfaces having generally equal lengths;
- (ii) the third and fourth side surfaces having generally equal lengths;
- (iii) the lengths of the first and second side surfaces being greater than the lengths of the third and fourth side surfaces; and
- (d) each second paver further having:
- (i) at least first and second spacers on the first side thereof;
- (A) each second paver having no chamfer between the bottom surface and the first side surface at least at the at least first and second spacers on the first side surface;
- (B) the first pavers each having a chamfer between the top surface and the first side surface at least at the at least first and second spacers on the first side surface; and
- (i) at least first and second spacers on the first side thereof;
Claims (16)
1-28. (canceled)
29. A kit of concrete pavers for making a herringbone paver system; the kit comprising:
(a) a plurality of first, generally rectangular pavers; the first pavers each having: a top surface and an opposite bottom surface; a generally vertical first side surface;
a generally vertical second side surface opposite the first side surface; a generally vertical third side surface extending from the first side surface to the second side surface; and, a generally vertical fourth side surface opposite the third side surface and extending from the first side surface to the second side surface;
(i) the first and second side surfaces having generally equal lengths;
(ii) the third and fourth side surfaces having generally equal lengths;
(iii) the lengths of the first and second side surfaces being greater than the lengths of the third and fourth side surfaces; and,
(b) each first paver further having:
(i) at least first and second spacers on the first side surface thereof;
(A) each first paver having no chamfer between the bottom surface and the first side surface at least at the at least first and second spacers on the first side surface;
(B) each first paver having a chamfer between the top surface and the first side surface at least at the at least first and second spacers on the first side surface; and,
(C) for each first paver, a first of the spacers on the first side surface being positioned on one side of a midpoint of the length of the first side surface; and a second of the spacers being positioned at a location between the midpoint and the end of the first side surface farthest from the first of the spacers on the first side surface;
(ii) at least one spacer on the third side surface;
(C) a first of the spacers on the first side surface being positioned on one side of a midpoint of the length of the first side surface; and a second of the spacers being positioned at a location between the midpoint and an the end of the first side surface farthest from the first of the spacers on the first side surface;
(ii) at least one spacer on the fourth side surface;
(A) each second paver having no chamfer between the bottom surface and the fourth side surface at least at the at least one spacer on the fourth side surface; and
(B) each second paver having a chamfer between the top surface and the fourth side surface at least at the at least one spacer on the fourth side surface;
(iii) the spacers on each second paver extending outward from the first and fourth surfaces generally the same distance;
(iv) the second pavers each being free of spacers on the second and third side surfaces; and
(v) each second paver being configured so that when positioned with the bottom surface directed down, the first side surface is a next side located counterclockwise around the second paver from the fourth side surface; and,
(e) the first and second pavers each having generally the same length, width, and height.
30. A kit of concrete pavers according to claim 29 wherein:
(a) the third side surface of each first paver has one spacer thereon.
31. A kit of concrete pavers according to claim 30 wherein:
(b) the fourth side surface of each second paver has one spacer thereon.
32. A kit of concrete pavers according to claim 29 wherein:
(a) the first side surface of each first paver has two spacers thereon; and,
(b) the first side surface of each second paver has two spacers thereon.
33. A kit of concrete pavers according to claim 29 wherein:
(a) each spacer of each first paver and each spacer of each second paver extends from a side surface a distance of less than or equal to 15 mm.
34. A kit of concrete pavers according to claim 29 wherein:
(a) the second side of each first paver has a length that is twice a length of each fourth side of each first paver; and
(b) the second side of each second paver has a length that is twice a length of each third side of each second paver.
35. A kit of concrete pavers according to claim 29 including:
(a) a plurality of third, generally square, pavers; the third pavers each having: a top surface and a bottom surface; a generally vertical first side surface; a generally vertical second side surface opposite the first side surface; a generally vertical third side surface extending from the first side surface to the second side surface; and, a generally vertical fourth side surface opposite third side surface and extending from the first side surface to the second side surface;
(i) the first, second, third and fourth side surfaces having generally equal lengths;
(ii) each third paver further having:
(A) at least one spacer on the first side surface thereof; and,
(B) at least one spacer on the third side surface thereof.
36. A kit of concrete pavers according to claim 35 wherein:
(a) the lengths of the first, second, third and fourth sides of the third pavers is half a length of each second side of each first paver and each second side of each second paver.
37. A kit of concrete pavers according to claim 29 wherein:
(a) each paver is a dry cast concrete paver.
38. A layer of concrete pavers suitable for mechanical installation; the layer comprising:
(a) a plurality of first, pavers; the first pavers each having: a top surface and an opposite bottom surface; a first side surface; a second side surface opposite the first side surface; a third side surface extending from the first side surface to the second side surface; and a fourth side surface opposite the third side surface;
(i) each first paver further having:
(A) at least first and second spacers on the first side surface thereof;
(1) each first paver having no chamfer between the bottom surface and the first side surface at least at the at least first and second spacers on the first side surface;
(2) each first paver having a chamfer between the top surface and the first side surface at least at the at least first and second spacers on the first side surface; and,
(B) at least one spacer on the third side surface;
(1) each first paver having no chamfer between the bottom surface and the third side surface at least at the at least one spacer on the third side surface; and
(2) each first paver having a chamfer between the top surface and the third side surface at least at the at least one spacer on the third side surface;
(C) each spacer on each first paver extending outward from the first and third surfaces generally the same distance;
(D) the first paver being free of spacers on the second and fourth side surfaces; and
(E) each first paver being configured so that when positioned with the bottom surface directed down, the first side surface is a next side clockwise around the first paver from the third side surface;
(b) a plurality of second pavers; the second pavers each having: a top surface and an opposite bottom surface; a first side surface; a second side surface opposite the first side surface; a third side surface extending from the first side surface to the second side surface; and a fourth side surface opposite the third side surface;
(i) each second paver further having:
(A) at least first and second spacers on the first side thereof;
(1) each second paver having no chamfer between the bottom surface and the first side surface at least at the at least first and second spacers on the first side surface;
(2) the first pavers each having a chamfer between the top surface and the first side surface at least at the at least first and second spacers on the first side surface; and
(B) at least one spacer on the fourth side surface;
(1) each second paver having no chamfer between the bottom surface and the fourth side surface at least at the at least one spacer on the fourth side surface; and
(2) each second paver having a chamfer between the top surface and the fourth side surface at least at the at least one spacer on the fourth side surface;
(C) the spacers on each second paver extending outward from the first and fourth surfaces generally the same distance;
(D) the second pavers each being free of spacers on the second and third side surfaces; and
(E) each second paver being configured so that when positioned with the bottom surface directed down, the first side surface is a next side located counterclockwise around the second paver from the fourth side surface;
(c) the first and second pavers each having generally the same length, width, and height; and
(d) the first and second pavers being positioned in a pattern:
(i) with the bottom surfaces of each of the first and second pavers directed down;
(ii) with all first pavers oriented with the third side of each directed in a first direction;
(iii) with all second pavers oriented with a fourth side of each directed in a second direction; the second direction being generally perpendicular to the first direction; and
(iv) with each two adjacent ones of the first and second pavers within the herringbone pattern having at least one spacer therebetween.
39. A layer of pavers according to claim 38 wherein:
(a) the third side surface of each first paver has one spacer thereon; and
(b) the fourth side surface of each second paver has one spacer thereon.
40. A layer of pavers according to claim 39 wherein:
(a) the first side surface of each first paver has two spacers thereon; and
(b) the first side surface of each second paver has two spacers thereon.
41. A layer of pavers according to claim 39 wherein:
(a) each spacer of each first paver and each spacer of each second paver extends from a side surface a distance of less than or equal to 15 mm.
42. A layer of pavers according to claim 41 wherein:
(a) the second side of each first paver has a length that is twice a length of each fourth side of each first paver; and
(b) the second side of each second paver has a length that is twice a length of each third side of each second paver.
43. A layer of pavers according to claim 42 wherein:
(a) the layer includes a plurality of generally square pavers each positioned in selected edge spaces between selected first and second pavers, to fill in sides of the layer of pavers.
Priority Applications (1)
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US12/173,933 US20080279626A1 (en) | 2004-09-13 | 2008-07-16 | Concrete pavers layable in a herringbone pattern |
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US10/940,316 US7425106B2 (en) | 2004-09-13 | 2004-09-13 | Concrete pavers positioned in a herringbone pattern |
US12/173,933 US20080279626A1 (en) | 2004-09-13 | 2008-07-16 | Concrete pavers layable in a herringbone pattern |
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US10/940,316 Continuation US7425106B2 (en) | 2004-09-13 | 2004-09-13 | Concrete pavers positioned in a herringbone pattern |
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US12/173,933 Abandoned US20080279626A1 (en) | 2004-09-13 | 2008-07-16 | Concrete pavers layable in a herringbone pattern |
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US11371192B2 (en) | 2009-06-04 | 2022-06-28 | Porous Technologies, Llc | Paver for porous pavement |
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US11371192B2 (en) | 2009-06-04 | 2022-06-28 | Porous Technologies, Llc | Paver for porous pavement |
CN103321655A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-09-25 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Roadway floor reinforcement method with functions of horizontal yielding and energy absorption |
US10731303B2 (en) | 2018-10-05 | 2020-08-04 | Brentwood Industries, Inc. | Ground reinforcing structure and related method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2518831A1 (en) | 2006-03-13 |
US20060056912A1 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
US7425106B2 (en) | 2008-09-16 |
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