US20080272247A1

US20080272247A1 - Method and apparatus for controlling railway switches

Info

Publication number: US20080272247A1
Application number: US12/217,184
Authority: US
Inventors: Donald Coy Beamon; John Calvin Posey
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2005-01-03
Filing date: 2008-07-02
Publication date: 2008-11-06
Also published as: US7416159B2; US20050145753A1

Abstract

The invention provides a railroad switch for use in un-signaled (dark) territory. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The invention is related to, and claims priority from United States Provisional patent application Ser. No. 11/028,753, filed on Jan. 3, 2005, by Beaman, et al., and entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING RAILWAY SWITCHES.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to railroad infrastructure, and more particularly to railroad switches in un-signaled (dark) territory.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Interpretation Considerations

This section describes the technical field in more detail, and discusses problems encountered in the technical field. This section does not describe prior art as defined for purposes of anticipation or obviousness under 35 U.S.C. section 102 or 35 U.S.C. section 103. Thus, nothing stated in the Problem Statement is to be construed as prior art.

Discussion

The United States rail system is currently comprised of approximately 143,000 track miles, of which, approximately only 70,000 miles are currently signaled. Signal systems are generally comprised of wayside signals, power operated switches, vital track circuits, and “vital” field logic implemented in either relay based systems, or solid state devices (note that the use of the term “vital” in this application is associated in the industry with known performance parameters, and does not mean “vital” in a patentability sense, or patent-interpretation sense, unless otherwise explicitly stated in writing). The signal systems provide for the safe control and movement of railway vehicles through the operation of the signals and switches. This control is predominantly accomplished through the use of Centralized Traffic Control (CTC) systems where a dispatcher remotely controls the signals and switches. Signal systems, CTC systems, and their components, are well known and understood in the current art. Such systems are not applied universally due to the high costs of acquisition and maintenance.
The remaining 70,000 miles of track are considered to be “dark” territory. Movement of railway vehicles in dark territory is governed by verbal authorities issued by a dispatcher thereby maintaining the safe separation and movement of the railway vehicles. Movement of railway vehicles to and from the mainline track is accomplished by the use of hand-operated manual switch stands to affect the movement of the switch points. The use of mainline hand-operated switches is governed by federal regulation 49CFR236.410 which requires, among other things, that hand-operated mainline switches remain locked in the normal position when not in use. The use of hand-operated manual switches in dark territory pose several distinct problems:

Security

Switches have inadvertently not been returned to normal, or have intentionally been tampered with, thereby unexpectedly diverting a railway vehicle from the main track. In many instances this can, and has, resulted in derailments, and, or, collisions with standing equipment.

Efficiency

One of the primary applications of hand-operated switches is to control the movements of railway vehicles to and from passing sidings. Passing sidings allow two or more railway vehicles to either meet (movement in opposing directions) or to pass (movement in same direction). These types of moves may require multiple movements of one or more of the vehicles in order to correctly position the switches, and manage the crew members.

Safety

The crew member is exposed to injury by the acts of disembarking and re-embarking the vehicle and also by the physical and climatic conditions in the vicinity of the switch.
Thus, there is a need to provide an approach for dark territory switching that provides greater security than the traditional locking mechanisms and operating practices without the use of vital communications links to a central location, or requiring a central dispatching system or requiring a vital processor.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS AND TABLES

Various aspects of the invention, as well as an embodiment, are better understood by reference to the following detailed description. To better understand the invention, the detailed description should be read in conjunction with the drawings and tables, in which:

FIG. 1 is a block schematic 100 showing a system for a remotely controlled switch.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of MCU.

FIG. 3 is a block schematic that shows one embodiment of the track circuits.

FIG. 4A is a diagram depicting a power-operated switch.

FIG. 4B is a diagram that illustrates the application and modifications of the power-operated switch.

FIG. 5 illustrates the application of an exemplary switch circuit controller.

FIG. 6 is a diagram depicting PLC inputs.

FIG. 7 is a diagram depicting PLC outputs.

FIG. 8 is a switch algorithm 800, which may be practiced as software.

Table 1 shows user-controlled parameters.
Mnemonics List provides code for implementing one embodiment of the invention.

EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT OF A BEST MODE

Interpretation Considerations

When reading this section (An Exemplary Embodiment of a Best Mode, which describes an exemplary embodiment of the best mode of the invention, hereinafter “exemplary embodiment”), one should keep in mind several points. First, the following exemplary embodiment is what the inventor believes to be the best mode for practicing the invention at the time this patent was filed. Thus, since one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize from the following exemplary embodiment that substantially equivalent structures or substantially equivalent acts may be used to achieve the same results in exactly the same way, or to achieve the same results in a not dissimilar way, the following exemplary embodiment should not be interpreted as limiting the invention to one embodiment.
Likewise, individual aspects (sometimes called species) of the invention are provided as examples, and, accordingly, one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize from a following exemplary structure (or a following exemplary act) that a substantially equivalent structure or substantially equivalent act may be used to either achieve the same results in substantially the same way, or to achieve the same results in a not dissimilar way.
Accordingly, the discussion of a species (or a specific item) invokes the genus (the class of items) to which that species belongs as well as related species in that genus. Likewise, the recitation of a genus invokes the species known in the art. Furthermore, it is recognized that as technology develops, a number of additional alternatives to achieve an aspect of the invention may arise. Such advances are hereby incorporated within their respective genus, and should be recognized as being functionally equivalent or structurally equivalent to the aspect shown or described.
Second, the only essential aspects of the invention are identified by the claims. Thus, aspects of the invention, including elements, acts, functions, and relationships (shown or described) should not be interpreted as being essential unless they are explicitly described and identified as being essential. Third, a function or an act should be interpreted as incorporating all modes of doing that function or act, unless otherwise explicitly stated (for example, one recognizes that “tacking” may be done by nailing, stapling, gluing, hot gunning, riveting, etc., and so a use of the word tacking invokes stapling, gluing, etc., and all other modes of that word and similar words, such as “attaching”).
Fourth, unless explicitly stated otherwise, conjunctive words (such as “or”, “and”, “including”, or “comprising” for example) should be interpreted in the inclusive, not the exclusive, sense. Fifth, the words “means” and “step” are provided to facilitate the reader's understanding of the invention and do not mean “means” or “step” as defined in §112, paragraph 6 of 35 U.S.C., unless used as “means for—functioning—” or “step for—functioning—” in the Claims section. Sixth, the invention is also described in view of the Festo decisions, and, in that regard, the claims and the invention incorporate equivalents known, unknown, foreseeable, and unforeseeable. Seventh, the language and each word used in the invention should be given the ordinary interpretation of the language and the word, unless indicated otherwise.
As will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, various structures and devices are depicted in block diagram form in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the invention. As used, herein and the accompanying drawings, B12 refers to positive 12 volts, and N12 refers to negative 12 volts. Additionally the term “set” refers to the application of 12 volts (B12), while the term “reset” refers to the removal of 12 volts.
Some methods of the invention may be practiced by placing the invention on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable mediums include passive data storage, such as a random access memory (RAM) as well as semi-permanent data storage such as a compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM). In addition, the invention may be embodied in the RAM of a computer and effectively transform a standard computer into a new specific computing machine.
Data elements are organizations of data. One data element could be a simple electric signal placed on a data cable. One common and more sophisticated data element is called a packet. Other data elements could include packets with additional headers/footers/flags. Data signals comprise data, and are carried across transmission mediums and store and transport various data structures, and, thus, may be used to transport the invention. It should be noted in the following discussion that acts with like names are performed in like manners, unless otherwise stated.
Of course, the foregoing discussions and definitions are provided for clarification purposes and are not limiting. Words and phrases are to be given their ordinary plain meaning unless indicated otherwise.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

System Overview

FIG. 1 is a block schematic 100 showing a system for a remotely controlled switch. According to one embodiment, a switch 108 is mechanically coupled to a set of switch points (points) 124. It is understood that switch points, rather than being points in a mathematical sense, are the terminal portion of a railroad track. In the present example, the switch points 124 are the terminal portion of the railroad tracks 126 that move. Operation of the switch 108 moves the points 124 to either the normal or reverse positions. The preferred switch being a power operated spring switch such as model LP3000 manufactured by General Electric Transportation Systems™ or a similar system known to those of skill in the art. However, any power-operated switch manufactured for railway applications may be used and the invention is not limited to any particular switch. Switch 108 contains a controller 110 and a Dual Tone Multiple Frequency (DTMF) module 112 (a DTMF module decodes tones and executes commands based on the tones and/or the sequence of those tones). Controller 110 governs and controls the operations of the switch. DTMF module 112 provides a method of command input and status output (this is in addition to the serial and electromechanical methods provided by controller 110). Any external power source may be used including but not limited to any AC power source, any DC power source (along with the appropriate converters), or a remote power source such as a solar charging system 122.
A switch circuit controller (SWCC) 114 is connected to the points 124 to provide a secondary position indication. Additionally, two “vital” track circuits 102 are provided: On-Switch circuit 102A (OS-A), and On-Switch circuit 102B (OS-B) (keep in mind that “vital” herein is a term of art, and does not mean that an item is “vital to the invention”). The circuits 102A and 102B detect the presence of a train on a short track segment. Any vital track circuit or equivalent manufactured for railway applications may be used. Additionally, the track circuits, as used, provide a zone of protection around and including the switch points that includes the facing point side and trailing point sides on both the normal and reverse sides of the switch. “Facing point” and “trailing point” are terms known in the art; but for the benefit of the general reader, the facing point direction is the direction a train takes when moving into a switch from facing point to trailing point, and the trailing point direction is the direction a train takes when moving into a switch from trailing point to facing point.
The invention is not limited to a particular number of On-Switch circuits, but includes any number and style of circuits that provide the required zone of protection. In addition, it is also understood in the art that in the present context, the term “Sheet” and “Segment” are interchangeable with the term “Switch.” These circuits can include, but are not limited to, AC circuits, DC circuits, and wheel detectors. Of course, it is understood in the art that the specific selection, design, and application of track circuits are dependent on environmental and operational factors.
A plurality of switch position indicators 116 are provided that, in one embodiment, each contain a three-color single aspect display mechanism for visually displaying the status of the switch points 124. For example, in one embodiment, the colors may be RED, YELLOW, and GREEN. The display colors may be provided for by any mechanism approved for railway use and the invention includes but is not limited to LED displays and filament displays. Two indicators 116 provide a visual indication of the status of the switch points 124 to railway vehicles with the indicators 116 positioned in close proximity to switch 108. The first indicator 116 provides indications to railway vehicles approaching the facing points 124 and the second indicator provides indications to railway vehicles approaching the trailing points 124. The actual placement of the indicators 116 is dependant on environmental considerations.
A communication system is provided that is comprised of a wireless communication device, such as radios 104A and 104B: where radio 104A couples to the Main Control Unit (MCU) 118, and radio 104B is provided for railway vehicles and railway personnel ( radios 104A and 104B preferably have DTMF capabilities). Of course, other wireless communication devices interchangeable with radios are usable as will be readily apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading the present disclosure. The communication system is utilized, at least in part, to provide remote control and indication messages. Additionally, the invention is not limited to any particular communication means or method and can include but is not limited to: digital communications, analog communications, copper, fiber optics, Local Area Networks (LAN), or Wide Area Networks (WAN), for example. According, MCU 118 is provided to allow for the safe operation of the switch.
Of course, this section discusses exemplary portions of an exemplary embodiment of the invention. It is understood that equivalent portions, sometimes having equivalent devices and means, may be substituted, and are readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading this disclosure.

Main Control Unit

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of MCU 118. MCU 118 contains two programmable logic controllers (PLC) 202A and 202B. Programmable logic controllers 202 may be implements as Micro3C™ model number FC2AC24A4C manufactured by the IDEC™ Corporation. However, any programmable logic controller with similar operating characteristics, such as a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), may be used, and the invention is not limited to any particular programmable logic controller. Additionally, programmable logic controllers (PLCs) 202 may be programmed according to a ladder logic or mnemonic method, for example.
MCU 118 contains four vital relays 203 and five non-vital relays 204. Vital relays 203 are model 4000004 manufactured by Safetran™. Relays 204 are non-vital relays model RH4B-UL manufactured by the IDEC Corporation™. Of course, these relays are exemplary and any equivalent relay providing similar operating characteristics may be used.
Relays 204A-E are used to repeat the status of various conditions and states of the system. Contacts for relays 204 are used as inputs to logic controllers 202 and as part of logic circuits. Relay 204A is the normal position repeater (NWKP). Relay 204B is the reverse position repeater (RWKP). Relay 204C is the normal control repeater (NWZP). Relay 204D is the reverse control repeater (RWZP). Relay 204E is the track circuit repeater (OSTP). Relay 204E represents the logical AND of track circuits 102 in the system.
Vital relays (relay) 203 provide(s) for various functions within the MCU 118. Each relay 203 operates on a closed-circuit principal whereby the relay coils are energized when denoting a least restrictive state. Relay 203A is a Vital Lock Relay (VLR) that operates as a master relay. Relay 203A is set when the system is operating correctly. A failure of the system causes power to be removed from relay 203A thereby preventing operation of the system. Relay 203B is the Lock Relay (LR) that operates as a locking mechanism for the system. Power is removed from relay 203B under various conditions including, but not limited too, the presence of a railway vehicle as determined by track circuits 102. Relay 203C is the track circuit 102A repeater (OS-AP). Relay 203C repeats the status of track circuit 102A and is used for input to logic controllers 202. Relay 203D is the track circuit 102B repeater (OS-BP). Relay 203D repeats the status of track circuit 102A and is used for input to logic controllers 202.
The invention is not restricted to any particular power source and may include but is not limited to converted AC power, or external DC power. In one embodiment a battery 205 is charged by a solar charger 122.
According to an embodiment a DC-DC converter 206 is provided to convert the 12-volt battery 205 power to the 24 volt power required to power the programmable logic controllers 202. However, the use of a converter depends on the programmable logic controllers 202 utilized (the invention is not limited to any particular converter). The MCU 118 comprises, in one embodiment, a single pole momentary push button switch (PB) 208. PB 208 is used to provide a reset input into programmable logic controllers 202. Any single pole momentary push button may be used as is apparent to those of skill in the art, and the invention is not limited to any particular pushbutton. MCU 118 comprises two single pole single throw momentary push buttons PB 208, part number DS-126 manufactured by Standard Manufacturing™. However, any push button switch or equivalent may be used and the invention is not limited to any particular type.
Of course, this section discusses exemplary portions of an exemplary embodiment of the invention. It is understood that equivalent portions having equivalent devices and means may be substituted, and are readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading this disclosure.

Track Circuits

Track circuits prevent unwanted/undesirable switch operation, and re-enable switch operation. FIG. 3 is a block schematic 300 that shows one embodiment for the track circuits 102. Track circuit 102A is connected to the main rails on both the facing point side and trailing point side of the points 124. Each leg, transmit and receive, is preferably protected by lightning arrestors 308, such as part number 022585-3X manufactured by Safetran Systems™. Additionally, each transmit and receive pair of wires is conditioned by a track equalizer 306 such as part number 022700-1X manufactured by Safetran Systems™. Track circuit 102A operates by detecting an open circuit (or shunt) across the main rails. In the un-shunted state (or closed circuit state) track circuit 102A energizes relay outputs 2 and 4, thereby driving the coil of relay OS-AP 203C. Track circuit 102B is structured and operates in a similar manner, as is readily apparent to those of skill in the art.
Of course, this section discusses an exemplary portion of an exemplary embodiment of the invention. It is understood that an equivalent portion having equivalent devices and means may be substituted, and are readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading this disclosure.

Power Switch

In order to utilize the preferred switch 108, it should be modified. FIG. 4A is a diagram depicting a power-operated switch. The switch is comprised of a hydraulic power unit 402, a hydraulic manifold 404, and a set of proximity switches 406, along with controller 110 and DTMF module 112. Switch 108 operates by utilizing hydraulic force supplied by hydraulic power unit 402 to operate mechanical links to points 124. The direction of movement is determined by manifold 404 where the normal and reverse solenoids are controlled by controller 110. Controller 110 is configured to receive control inputs from pushbuttons 408 and DTMF module 112. Controller 110, when receiving a normal position control input, sets output MC17. Controller 110, when receiving a reverse position control input, sets output MC18. Additionally, hydraulic unit 402 is operated by controller 110 by setting output MC19. MC19 will remain set until position inputs MC10 or MC11 match the desired control position or a pressure limit is reached, set as input MC9. Inputs MC10 and MC11 are set by proximity switches 406.
Upon achieving correspondence between the desired control position and the indicated position DTMF 112 sets output 12 PTT, where PTT is used to key radio 104A. Additionally, DTMF 112 sets output 13 AUDIO where AUDIO is used as a “line in” for radio 104A and where output 13 AUDIO comprises pre-recorded messages. DTMF 112 is configured with one message for normal correspondence, one message for reverse correspondence, and one message for out of correspondence. If a control by controller 110 is received and switch 108 fails to achieve correspondence, as determined by controller 110, DTMF 112 sets output 12 PTT and output 13 AUDIO where the message is a prerecorded message indicating an “out of correspondence” condition.
Additionally, controller 110 has two inputs MC4 and MC8 that are used to prevent the setting of outputs MC17, MC18 and MC19 thereby preventing control of switch 108. Inputs MC4 and MC8 are typically utilized in conjunction with track circuits to prevent the operation of switch 108 when a railway vehicle is within the detection zone. Once configured, inputs MC4 and MC8 will allow operation of switch 108 when both MC4 and MC8 are set, and disallow operation of switch 108 when either input MC4 or MC8 is not set.
One preferred power switch, model LP3000, has a feature for automatically restoring switch 108 to a “normal” position following a reverse movement of a railway vehicle. This option is configurable in software and is triggered by two inputs MC12 and MC13. Input MC12 is used to condition the controller 110 to automatically restore switch 108 to the normal position following a reverse movement of a railway vehicle. Input MC13 is used to trigger the restoration of switch 108 to the normal position. A falling edge (removal of a signal) on input MC13 will trigger the restoration of switch 108 after a configurable, pre-determined, time period. Accordingly, from the forgoing, it is apparent to one of skill in the art how to configure other power switches to achieve the teachings of the present discussion.

Power Switch Modifications

FIG. 4B is a diagram 400B illustrating the application and modifications of switch 108 according to an embodiment. In order to utilize the preferred switch 108 various modifications must be made as follows:
the B12 supply for pushbuttons 408 originates in MCU 118 and is switched by a front contact of relay 203B,
the B12 supply for MC4 and MC13 originates in MCU 118 and is switched by a front contact of relay 203B—the signal for MC13 is accomplished by the placement of a jumper from MC4 to MC13,
the B12 supply for manifold 404 originates in MCU 118 and is switched by a front contact of relay 203B (the normal solenoid is driven by the switched B12 in a logical AND circuit utilizing a front contact of relay 204D; the reverse solenoid is driven by the switched B12 in a logical AND circuit utilizing a front contact of relay 204C),
the B12 supply for inputs MC10 and MC11 originates in MCU 118 and is switched by a front contact of relay 203A (input MC10 is driven by the switched B12 in a logical AND circuit utilizing a front contact of relay 204A; input MC11 is driven by the switched B12 in a logical AND circuit utilizing a front contact of relay 204B),
input MC12 is driven by B12 that originates in MCU 118 that is switched by a front contact of relay 204B (the switched B12 is wired through toggle 234 where the circuit is used to either enable or disable the auto restore feature of switch 108; proximity sensors 406 are wired to MCU 118 as inputs, where the normal proximity sensor is NWK-MACH and the reverse proximity sensor is RWK-MACH), and
output MC17 is wired to the coil of relay 204C (NWZP) in MCU 118; where output MC18 is wired to the coil of relay 204D (RWZP) in MCU 118, DTMF 112 input 11 is wired through controller 118 to radio 104A, DTMF 112 output 12 is wired through controller 118 to radio 104A and switched by a front contact of relay 204E, and DTMF 112 output 13 is wired through MCU 118 to radio 104A.
Software in controller 110 for switch 108 is typically pre-configured by the manufacturer. Software utilities to modify certain operating parameters are also typically provided by the manufacturer. In one embodiment, controller 110 contains 65 standard configurable parameters and 4 auxiliary configurable parameters related to DTMF 112. Here, the four auxiliary parameters are: QUERY, REVERSE, TOGGLE, and NORMAL. The default setting for the auxiliary parameters is <locked>. Only the NORMAL and REVERSE parameters are modified. Each parameter is modified to a six digit numeric code in the form of XXXXYY, where XXXX represents a unique identification (ID) for the switch, as determined by the railroad, and YY represents the desired code to represent the given control, such as 11 for NORMAL, and 22 for REVERSE. Table 1 shows user-controlled parameters. Other parameters (except those shown in Table 1) remain at factory defaults.
Of course, the prior sections regarding the power switch discuss an exemplary portion of an exemplary embodiment of the invention. It is understood that equivalent portions having equivalent devices and means may be substituted, and are readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading this disclosure.

Switch Circuit Controller

FIG. 5 illustrates the application of an exemplary switch circuit controller 114. Circuit controller 114 is mechanically linked to points 124. Circuit controller 114 operates by closing certain contacts when the points are in various positions. Circuit controller 114 has four outputs, 1 through 4, wired to MCU 118 as 1NWK-SWCC, 2NWK-SWCC, 1RWK-SWCC, and 2WK-SWCC respectively. Circuit controller 114 is utilized to provide an alternate method of determining the position of the points 124 from that provided by switch 108.
Contacts of circuit controller 144 operate as follows:
N—Full normal to, but not including, ¼″ from normal.
BR—¼″ from normal to full reverse.
ND—¼″ from reverse to full normal.
R—Full reverse to, but not including, ¼″ from reverse
The approach described for a MCU 118 is now continued with reference to FIG. 6. Again, this section discusses an exemplary portion of an exemplary embodiment of the invention. It is understood that equivalent portions having equivalent devices and means may be substituted, and are readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading this disclosure.

Input Circuits

FIG. 6 is a diagram 600 that illustrates the inputs for logic controllers 202 according to an embodiment and where inputs for logic controller 202B are shown reflected from their actual position for clarity. Logic controllers 202 inputs operate as either a DC source input, or a DC sink input, according to the wiring of the COM input.
With nomenclature:


K	Indication	R	Reverse
W	Switch	Z	Control
N	Normal	SWCC	Switch Circuit Controller
HB	Heart Beat	MACH	Machine

For each logic controller 202 the COM input line is wired to N12 thereby creating a sink for all inputs. Input 0 of each logic controller 202 is wired to B12 that is switched through a front contact of relay 203C. Input 1 of logic controller 202A is wired to 1NWK-SWCC from circuit controller 114. Input 1 of logic controller 202B is wired to 2NWK-SWCC from circuit controller 114.
Input 2 of logic controller 202A is wired to 1RWK-SWCC from circuit controller 114. Input 2 of logic controller 202B is wired to 2RWK-SWCC from circuit controller 114. Input 3 of logic controllers 202 are wired to NWK-MACH from switch 108. Input 4 of logic controllers 202 are wired to RWK-MACH from switch 108. Input 5 of logic controllers 202 are wired to B12 that is switched through a front contact of relay 204C. Input 6 of logic controllers 202 are wired to B12 that is switched through a front contact of relay 204D. Input 7 of logic controllers 202 are wired to B12 that is switched through a back contact of relay 204A. Input 10 of logic controllers 202 are wired to B12 that is switched through a back contact of relay 204B. Input 11 of logic controllers 202 are wired to B12 that is switched through a front contact of relay 203D. Input 12 of logic controllers 202 are wired to B12 that is switched through a back contact of relay 203B. Input 13 of logic controllers 202 are wired to B12 that is switched through pushbutton 210.
Input 14 of logic controller 202A is wired to output HB2 of logic controller 202B where HB2 is a pulsed output denoting the operational heartbeat of logic controller 202B. Input 14 of logic controller 202B is wired to output HB1 of logic controller 202A where HB1 is a pulsed output denoting the operational heartbeat of logic controller 202A. Input 15 of logic controllers 202 are wired to B12 that is switched through pushbutton 208. Of course, this section discusses exemplary portions of an exemplary embodiment of the invention. It is understood that equivalent portions having equivalent devices and means may be substituted, and are readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading this disclosure.

Output Circuits

FIG. 7 illustrates the outputs for logic controllers 202 (outputs for logic controller 202B are shown reflected from their actual position for clarity). Outputs for logic controllers 202 operate as DC relays where the outputs operate as either DC source outputs or DC sink outputs depending on the wiring of control inputs. Each logic controller 202 has four control inputs labeled as COM0, COM1, COM3, and COM3, and where COM0 determines the operation of outputs 0, 1, 2, and 3, COM1 determines the operation of outputs 4, 5, 6, and 7, COM2 determines the operation of output 10, and COM3 determines the operation of output 11. All outputs for logic controller 202A are wired as source outputs with COM0, COM1, COM2 and COM3 wired either directly to B12, or wired to B12 through logic circuits. Outputs 0 through 10 of logic controller 202B are wired as sink outputs with COM0, COM1 and COM2 wired either directly to N12, or wired to N12 through logic circuits. Output 11 of logic controller 202B is wired as a source output with COM3 wired to B12.
COM2 of logic controller 202A is wired directly to B12. COM2 of logic controller 202B is wired directly to N12. When output 10 of logic controllers 202 are set a circuit is created driving the coil of relay 203A. Additionally, inputs for COM0 and COM1 of logic controllers 202 are supplied by outputs 10 where output 10 of logic controller 202A is B12 and output 10 of logic controller 202B is N12. For each logic controller 202 COM0 and COM1 are switched through front contacts of relay 203A. A failure of either logic controller to set output 10 will open the circuit for relay 203A thereby opening all circuits for outputs 1 through 7 of logic controllers 202.
Output 0 of logic controllers 202 are not used. Output 1 of logic controllers 202 creates a circuit for the RED aspect of position indicators 116. Outputs 1 of logic controllers 202 are switched through front contacts of relay 203A. Additionally, B12 and N12 is supplied through back contacts of relay 203A creating a circuit for the RED aspect of position indicators 116 when relay 203A is in the open position. Output 2 of logic controllers 202 create a circuit for the YELLOW aspect of position indicators 116. Output 3 of logic controllers 202 create a circuit for the GREEN aspect of position indicators 116. Output 4 of logic controllers 202 create a circuit to drive the coil of relay 204A. Output 5 of logic controllers 202 create a circuit to drive the coil of relay 204B. Output 6 of logic controllers 202 create a circuit to drive the coil of relay 203B. Output 7 of logic controllers 202 create a circuit to drive the coil of relay 204E. Output 10 of logic controllers 202 create a circuit to drive the coil of relay 203A. Output 11 of logic controllers 202 operate as a pulsed output denoting the operational heartbeat of the logic controllers 202. Output 11 of logic controller 202A is denoted as HB1 and is wired to input 14 of logic controller 202B. Output 11 of logic controller 202B is denoted as HB2 and is wired to input 14 of logic controller 202A. Like other sections, this section discusses exemplary portions of an exemplary embodiment of the invention. It is understood that equivalent portions having equivalent devices and means may be substituted, and are readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading this disclosure.

PLC Program

One exemplary program for operating a method according to the invention operates in two distinct modes: initialization and operation. The initialization mode is entered when the logic controllers 202 are powered up or a reset signal is received on input 15. During the initialization mode various timers and flags are set to allow the program to achieve a stable operating state. Additionally the program begins generating a periodic heartbeat on output 11. The heartbeat is programmed for a continuous duty cycle of 3 seconds on and 7 seconds off. Each logic controller 202 reads the other logic controllers 202 heart beat on input 14. If during the initialization, or operational modes the received heartbeat is not detected or falls outside of the allowable timing parameters output 10 is turned off thereby opening circuits on outputs 0 through 7. In this state the indicators 116 will display a RED aspect, and switch 108 will be prevented from being controlled by the open circuit on relay 203B. Additionally, during the operating mode program will turn off output 10 under several conditions where an input does not agree with a calculated state or an output. These checks include certain feedback circuits that include inputs 7, 10, and 12.
Once the program initializes it enters the operational mode. During this mode the program executes in a continuous loop that reads the inputs and sets the outputs according to the programmed logic. In addition to the operations already described, the general operation of a system for a remotely controlled switch according to various embodiments is continued. This section discusses an exemplary method of an exemplary embodiment of the invention. It is understood that equivalent methods (and portions of methods) having equivalent or substantially similar ends may be substituted, and are readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading this disclosure. To further aid understanding of the invention, program mnemonics are provided with the drawings as the Mnemonics Listing.

Operation

One method according to the invention is shown in FIG. 8 as a switch algorithm 800, which may be practiced as software. The switch algorithm 800 operates by applying both software logic and relay logic to the operation of switch 108. Four goals of the switch algorithm 800 are: to allow the remote control of switch 108, provide feedback on the status of switch 108 to railway personnel, prevent the control of switch 108 when occupied or other operating conditions require, and prevent the control of switch 108 in the presence of a component or logical failure.
Operational control of the switch algorithm 800 begins with a receive wireless command act 810 in which the receipt of a radio dual tone multi-frequency command received by DTMF 112 that is generated by radio 104B. DTMF 112 decodes the message, and once validated to match the programmed codes in a validate codes act 820, the DTMF 112 causes controller 110 to execute the control by setting outputs MC17 for a NORMAL command, or MC18 for a REVERSE command in a control command act 830. These outputs set relays 204C and 204D, respectively. These relays drive the solenoids of manifold 404 but are switched by relay 203B. Relay 203B is the Lock Relay, set (on) when unlocked and reset (off) when locked. Relay 203B is set only when track circuits 102 are un-occupied, certain software timers are not running, and relay 203A is set (on). If relay 203B is reset, switch 108 is locked and cannot be controlled. Accordingly, in a check relay act 840, relay 203B is queried to determine if it is in a condition for operation. If the switch 203B is in a condition for operation, then the switch algorithm 800 proceeds to a detect correspondence query 850. If the switch 203B is not in a condition for operation, then the relay 203B is in a reset mode and the switch 108 is locked as shown in the relay off act 845.
The software timers that govern the operation of relay 203B may include a 15-minute approach timer. The approach timer is used to lock the switch for 15 minutes after the switch has reached correspondence as indicated by logic controller 202 inputs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. As indicated above, while the approach timer is running switch 108 cannot be re-controlled. The approach timer can be slotted off by the occupancy track circuits 102.
When controller 110 detects correspondence as governed by inputs MC10 and MC11 in the detect correspondence query 850, controller 110 causes DTMF 112 to transmit via radio 104A a pre-recorded message—one for normal correspondence and one for reverse correspondence in a transmit act 860. Thus, if controller 110 detects a failure to achieve correspondence within a predetermined time after receiving a control controller 110 causes DTMF 112 to transmit an out of correspondence message on radio 104A in an correspondence failure act 855.
Feedback to railway personnel on the condition of points 124 in provided in a condition indicator act 870, and includes the pre-recorded messages transmitted following a control message and also the display of the aspects for indicators 116. Indicators 116 are normally turned off and are only turned on following the receipt of a control message or if relay 203A is reset (off). The GREEN aspect of indicator 116 is used to indicate the points 124 are in the normal position. The YELLOW aspect of indicator 116 is used to indicate the points 124 are in the reverse position. The RED aspect of indicator 116 is used to indicate points 124 are in an unknown, indeterminate, or illegal, position or the system has suffered a failure. Exemplary failures in the system may include a failure to detect a heartbeat as previously described and failures relating to the states and status of various inputs and outputs.
Thus, the switch algorithm 800 logically validates that all position indications on inputs 1, 2, 3 and 4 are in agreement according to the logically calculated state. Additionally the switch algorithm 800 validates that the state of relay 203B matches the calculated state of output 6. Any failure of the system in either the heartbeat or the calculated states causes the output 10 of logic controllers 220 to be turned off. This opens relay 203A and puts the system in the state previously described. Once in this state the system is manually reset in order to allow remote control of switch 108. Similarly, the system is reset by the application of push button 208A.
Of course, it should be understood that the order of the acts of the algorithms discussed herein may be accomplished in different order depending on the preferences of those skilled in the art, and such acts may be accomplished as software, and that equivalent methods (and portions of methods) having equivalent or substantially similar ends may be substituted, and are readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading this disclosure. Furthermore, though the invention has been described with respect to a specific preferred embodiment, many advantages, variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the present application. It is therefore the intention that the appended claims and their equivalents be interpreted as broadly as possible in view of the prior art to include all such variations and modifications.

TABLE 1

PARAMETER	SET TO	DESCRIPTION	EXPLANATION

06	00	Self Restore	Sets self restore function to be controlled by
			MC12
07	05	Restore Time (sec)	Seconds after falling edge of MC13 to control
			switch normal for self restore.
08	00	Restore Time (min)	Minutes after falling edge of MC13 to control
			switch normal for self restore
30	00	Toggle function	Disables toggle input MC2
31	01	Normal/Reverse Function	Enables inputs MC1 and MC3
44	01	Throw Disable MC8	Set input MC8 to act as a normally open
			contact.
45	00	Throw Disable MC4	Set input MC4 to act a a normally closed
			contact.
47	01	Third Voice Enable	Sets DTMF 112 to transmit out of
			correspondence message when necessary.
63	90	Third Voice Interval	Sets DTMF 112 to transmit out of
			correspondence message every 90 minutes
			when switch 108 is out of correspondence.


Mnemonics 1/8

00000	LOD	M0014
00001	OUT	Q0000
00002	LODN	Q0002
00003	ANDN	Q0003
00004	AND	M0004
00005	AND	Q0010
00006	OUT	Q0001
00007	LOD	M0005
00008	OUT	Q0002
00009	LOD	M0003
00010	OUT	Q0003
00011	LOD	M0007
00012	ANDN	M0017
00013	ANDN	I0006
00014	AND	Q0010
00015	ANDN	M0035
00016	ANDN	M0027
00017	OUT	Q0004
00018	LOD	M0006
00019	ANDN	I0005
00020	AND	Q0010
00021	ANDN	M0035
00022	ANDN	M0027
00023	OUT	Q0005
00024	LOD	M0001
00025	AND	M0002
00026	AND	Q0010
00027	SET	Q0006
00028	TIM	T017
	0100
00030	LODN	M0001
00031	LODN	M0002
00032	TIM	T021
	0020
00034	ORLOD
00035	ORN	Q0010
00036	RST	Q0006
00037	LOD	M0001
00038	OUT	Q0007
00039	LODN	M0010
00040	ANDN	M0000
00041	OUT	Q0010
00042	LODN	M0010
00043	AND	M0050
00044	OUT	Q0011
00045	LOD	M0301
00046	SET	M0000
00047	SET	M0027
00048	LOD	M0000
00049	TIM	T001
	0100
00051	RST	M0000
00052	LOD	M0002
00053	RST	M0027
00054	LOD	I0000
00055	AND	I0011
00056	TIM	T002
	0100
00058	OUT	M0001
00059	LODN	M0012
00060	ANDN	M0013
00061	AND	M0002
00062	LOD	M0020
00063	ANDN	M0027
00064	ORLOD
00065	OR	M0017
00066	LOD	I0013
00067	ANDN	M0032
00068	AND	M0001
00069	ORLOD
00070	OUT	M0002
00071	LOD	I0013
00072	TIM	T010
	0020
00074	OUT	M0032
00075	LODN	M0002
00076	AND	Q0010
00077	ANDN	M0011
00078	TIM	T004
	9000
00080	SET	M0017
00081	LOD	M0017
00082	LOD	I0005
00083	OR	I0006
00084	ANDLOD
00085	RST	M0017
00086	LOD	M0011
00087	ANDN	M0002
00088	ANDN	M0027
00089	SET	M0020
00090	LOD	M0002
00091	AND	Q0006
00092	TIM	T023
	0010
00094	RST	M0020
00095	LODN	M0010
00096	ANDN	M0030
00097	AND	M0012
00098	ANDN	Q0006
00099	ANDN	I0013
00100	OUT	M0003
00101	LODN	M0010
00102	ANDN	M0030
00103	AND	M0013
00104	ANDN	Q0006
00105	ANDN	I0013
00106	OUT	M0005
00107	LODN	M0002
00108	LODN	M0001
00109	SOTU
00110	ORLOD
00111	LOD	M0015
00112	ANDN	M0026
00113	ORLOD
00114	OR	I0013
00115	SET	M0004
00116	LOD	M0004
00117	LOD	M0016
00118	OR	M0023
00119	ANDLOD
00120	AND	M0001
00121	TIM	T003
	3000
00123	LOD	M0002
00124	SOTD
00125	ORLOD
00126	RST	M0004
00127	RST	M0023
00128	RST	M0016
00129	LOD	M0011
00130	LODN	M0001
00131	AND	M0002
00132	ORLOD
00133	LOD	I0013
00134	SOTU
00135	ORLOD
00136	SET	M0023
00137	LOD	M0004
00138	ANDN	M0023
00139	TIM	T005
	9000
00141	SET	M0016
00142	LODN	M0014
00143	AND	I0001
00144	AND	I0003
00145	ANDN	I0002
00146	ANDN	I0004
00147	OUT	M0007
00148	LODN	M0014
00149	AND	I0002
00150	AND	I0004
00151	ANDN	I0001
00152	ANDN	I0003
00153	OUT	M0006
00154	LODN	I0012
00155	OR	I0005
00156	OR	I0006
00157	ANDN	Q0006
00158	LOD	Q0006
00159	AND	I0012
00160	ORLOD
00161	LODN	Q0004
00162	ANDN	I0007
00163	ORLOD
00164	LODN	Q0005
00165	ANDN	I0010
00166	ORLOD
00167	LOD	00004
00168	AND	I0007
00169	ORLOD
00170	LOD	Q0005
00171	AND	I0010
00172	ORLOD
00173	TIM	T000
	0050
00175	OR	M0042
00176	OUT	M0010
00177	LODN	I0000
00178	ORN	I0011
00179	BPS
00180	TIM	T006
	0050
00182	OUT	M0011
00183	BPP
00184	TIM	T019
	0300
00186	OUT	M0030
00187	LOD	M0007
00188	AND	M0022
00189	OUT	M0012
00190	LOD	M0006
00191	AND	M0021
00192	OUT	M0013
00193	LOD	I0001
00194	OR	I0003
00195	LOD	I0002
00196	OR	I0004
00197	ANDLOD
00198	TIM	T007
	0010
00200	SET	M0014
00201	LOD	I0015
00202	SOTU
00203	RST	M0014
00204	LOD	M0007
00205	SOTU
00206	LOD	M0006
00207	SOTU
00208	ORLOD
00209	LOD	I0005
00210	SOTU
00211	ORLOD
00212	LOD	I0006
00213	SOTU
00214	ORLOD
00215	SET	M0015
00216	LOD	M0015
00217	TIM	T008
	0030
00219	RST	M0015
00220	LOD	I0005
00221	SOTU
00222	AND	Q0006
00223	ANDN	M0026
00224	SET	M0022
00225	LOD	M0003
00226	SOTD
00227	AND	M0012
00228	LOD	I0006
00229	AND	Q0006
00230	ORLOD
00231	LOD	M0035
00232	SOTU
00233	ORLOD
00234	LOD	M0017
00235	SOTU
00236	ORLOD
00237	OR	I0013
00238	RST	M0022
00239	LOD	I0006
00240	SOTU
00241	AND	Q0006
00242	SET	M0021
00243	LOD	M0005
00244	SOTD
00245	AND	M0013
00246	LOD	I0005
00247	AND	Q0006
00248	ORLOD
00249	LOD	M0035
00250	SOTU
00251	ORLOD
00252	LOD	M0017
00253	SOTU
00254	ORLOD
00255	OR	I0013
00256	RST	M0021
00257	LOD	Q0006
00258	CMP >= (W)
	T017	—
	30	—
	M0024	—
00262	CMP <= (W)
	T017	—
	80	—
	M0025	—
00266	LOD	M0024
00267	AND	M0025
00268	SET	M0026
00269	LOD	M0026
00270	TIM	T018
	0055
00272	RST	M0026
00273	LODN	M0007
00274	ANDN	M0006
00275	LODN	I0005
00276	ORN	I0006
00277	ANDLOD
00278	TIM	T026
	0020
00280	OR	M0301
00281	SET	M0035
00282	LOD	I0005
00283	OR	I0006
00284	RST	M0035
00285	LOD	I0014
00286	SOTU
00287	OUT	M0041
00288	LOD	I0014
00289	SOTD
00290	OUT	M0040
00291	LOD	M0041
00292	ANDN	T012
00293	LOD	M0040
00294	ANDN	T011
00295	ORLOD
00296	LOD	I0014
00297	AND	T013
00298	ORLOD
00299	LODN	I0014
00300	AND	T014
00301	ORLOD
00302	ANDN	M0301
00303	ANDN	M0000
00304	SET	M0042
00305	LOD	I0015
00306	LOD	I0012
00307	ANDN	I0005
00308	ANDN	I0006
00309	AND	I0007
00310	AND	I0010
00311	ORLOD
00312	RST	M0042
00313	LOD	I0014
00314	ANDN	I0015
00315	BPS
00316	TIM	T011
	0020
00318	BPP
00319	TIM	T013
	0040
00321	LODN	I0014
00322	ANDN	I0015
00323	BPS
00324	TIM	T012
	0060
00326	BPP
00327	TIM	T014
	0080
00329	LODN	M0043
00330	ANDN	M0042
00331	ANDN	I0015
00332	OUT	M0050
00333	TIM	T015
	0030
00335	LOD	T015
00336	LOD	M0043
00337	ANDN	T016
00338	ORLOD
00339	OUT	M0043
00340	TIM	T016
	0070
00342	END

Claims

1. A railroad switch system, comprising:

a railroad track in a dark territory, the railroad track comprising

a main track segment,

a first track segment,

a second track segment, and

a switch point that selectively couples the main railroad track segment to the first track segment or the second track segment;

a power switch coupled to the switch point;

a switch controller for controlling the operation of the power switch;

a dual tone multiple frequency (DTMF) module for receiving a signal, the DTMF coupled to the switch controller;

the switch controller coupled to a main control unit (MCU), the MCU adapted to receive a wireless signal via a wireless communications device;

a switch circuit controller coupled between the MCU and the switch point;

a first track circuit coupled between the first track segment, main track segment and the MCU; and

a second track circuit coupled between the second track segment and the MCU.

2. The system of claim 1 further comprising a second wireless communications device that is communicatively coupled to the first wireless communications device.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein the system is powered with a remote power source coupled to the switch.

4. In a dark territory portion of a railroad track, a switch system comprising:

a controller coupled to a railroad main control unit (MCU);

a dual tone multiple frequency module (DTMF) coupled to the controller, the DTMF coupled to the MCU;

the connector adapted to couple to a switch point, the switch point located in a dark territory of a railroad track; and

the MCU coupled to a wireless receiver.