US20080256933A1 - Internal Combustion Engine Having On-Board Electrolyzer And Method Of Using Same - Google Patents

Internal Combustion Engine Having On-Board Electrolyzer And Method Of Using Same Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080256933A1
US20080256933A1 US12/066,409 US6640906A US2008256933A1 US 20080256933 A1 US20080256933 A1 US 20080256933A1 US 6640906 A US6640906 A US 6640906A US 2008256933 A1 US2008256933 A1 US 2008256933A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
internal combustion
source
combustion engine
combustion chamber
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Abandoned
Application number
US12/066,409
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English (en)
Inventor
Gary Black
Ho Teng
Ronald A. McMaster
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HYDROGENTECH Ltd
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Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to US12/066,409 priority Critical patent/US20080256933A1/en
Assigned to MCMASTER FUEL, LTD. reassignment MCMASTER FUEL, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MCMASTER, RONALD A., BLACK, GARY, SR., TENG, HO
Publication of US20080256933A1 publication Critical patent/US20080256933A1/en
Assigned to HYDROGENTECH, LTD. reassignment HYDROGENTECH, LTD. NUNC PRO TUNC ASSIGNMENT (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MCMASTER FUEL, LTD.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
    • F02M25/12—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone the apparatus having means for generating such gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/34—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electrolyser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/12—Combinations of different methods of purification absorption or adsorption, and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/04—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to internal combustion engines, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for treating the exhaust gases and improving fuel efficiency.
  • NOX traps have been employed to decrease the amount of NOX that is released in the exhaust gases.
  • the amount of NOX in the exhaust from internal combustion engines may be elevated when the engine is operating lean. Lean operation of an internal combustion engine improves fuel economy by reducing the pumping losses and improving the thermodynamic efficiency.
  • the exhaust from such engines may contain a large amount of excess oxygen for extended periods of time and thus increase the amount of NOX in the emission system.
  • emission control devices capable of storing NOX during lean operating conditions may be employed. Periodically, as the NOX capacity of the NOX trap is approached, the air-fuel ratio may be driven to a rich condition for a few seconds in order to purge the NOX trap of the stored NOX and to regenerate the NOX storage capacity of the trap.
  • the after-treatment technology must be capable of reducing as much NOX as possible to N 2 and H 2 O.
  • Ammonia has been mentioned as a constituent of various types of fuels in the past, both for internal combustion engines and for jet propulsion.
  • One such fuel is a liquid mixture of ammonias nitrate in liquid ammonia which is a self-sustaining fuel combination requiring no addition of an oxidant such as air.
  • Ammonia is also used to manufacture hydrazine, a well known rocket fuel, and while ammonia does not support combustion, it will burn when mixed with oxygen in air to give a variety of products, principally nitrogen and water. Mixtures of nitrous oxide and ammonia in a rate of 3 to 2 will detonate with some violence yielding nitrogen and water.
  • Ammonia based fuels offer a great potential for universal use.
  • a disadvantage in using ammonia based fuels is that pure ammonia is not suitable for use in high speed engines, as the flame speed is too slow.
  • the initiation of combustion has caused a problem.
  • Another object of the invention is the production of an internal combustion engine after-treatment of the exhaust emissions therefrom.
  • Still another object of the invention is to produce a method and apparatus for treating the exhaust emissions by the introduction of hydrogen as a reductant in a lean NOX trap for converting N0 2 to N 2 .
  • a system for treating the exhaust emissions comprising internal combustion engine including an exhaust gas converter for capturing NO 2 ; a source of hydrogen; means for directing the hydrogen to the exhaust gas converter for converting the NO 2 therein to N 2 ; and means for exhausting the exhaust from said engine free from NO 2 .
  • an improvement in an internal combustion engine characterized by an internal combustion engine including at least one combustion chamber; a source of hydrogen; and a first conduit means providing communication between said source of hydrogen and the combustion chamber for introducing hydrogen into the combustion chamber.
  • the above object may typically be achieved by method for treating exhaust emissions comprising the steps of providing an internal combustion engine including an exhaust gas converter for capturing NO 2 ; providing a source of hydrogen; causing the hydrogen to enter the exhaust gas converter, whereby the NO 2 contained therein is converted to N 2 ; and exhausting the exhaust from said engine free from NO 2 .
  • FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of a shaft power path and a waste power path of an internal combustion engine employing an on-board electrolyzer in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a list illustrating the benefits of employing the electrolyzer shown in FIG. 1 in an internal combustion engine
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section of a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 there is shown a system 10 incorporating the present invention along with a list illustrating the benefits achieved by the system 10 .
  • the system includes an internal combustion engine 12 having two primary power paths: 1) shaft power, and 2) waste power.
  • the system 10 can be used with various engine types, including but not limited to diesel fueled internal combustion engines and gasoline fueled internal combustion engines.
  • the exhaust gases are employed to drive an alternator 14 which, in turn, powers an on-board electrolyzer 16 for producing hydrogen (H 2 ) and oxygen (0 2 ).
  • an alternator 14 which, in turn, powers an on-board electrolyzer 16 for producing hydrogen (H 2 ) and oxygen (0 2 ).
  • a belt driven alternator 18 powers the on board electrolyzer 16 for producing hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the hydrogen produced by the electrolyzer 16 is introduced as a reducing agent to an exhaust after-treatment 20 which typically includes a lean NOX trap (not shown).
  • the NOX is trapped in the lean NOX trap during normal engine operation and is typically released when the exhaust is in absence of oxygen.
  • the hydrogen regenerates the NOX trap on a continuous cycle as the NOX trap approaches a predetermined capacity.
  • a regeneration cycle occurs approximately three to four seconds out of every 100 seconds.
  • the oxygen produced by the electrolyzer 16 is employed as an oxidizing agent to effectively cause regeneration of the diesel particulate filter in diesel fueled engines converting the particulates to CO 2 . Additionally, the oxygen is used as an oxidant converting NO to NO 2 upstream of the lean NOX trap.
  • the advantages and improvements brought about through the utilization of the on-board electrolyzer 16 results in improved fuel efficiency and improved quality of the resultant emissions.
  • the hydrogen (H 2 ) produced by the electrolyzer 16 may be utilized with the fuel to improve operation, reduce fuel consumption, or reduce emissions.
  • the on-board production of hydrogen by the electrolyzer 16 may be beneficially used to improve operation of a bio-diesel internal combustion engine or an internal combustion engine employing an ammonia, such as anhydrous ammonia.
  • a bio-diesel internal combustion engine or an internal combustion engine employing an ammonia such as anhydrous ammonia.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section of a combustion chamber 112 of an internal combustion engine 110 .
  • a piston 114 is adapted to reciprocate by a connecting rod 116 which is connected to an associated crank shaft (not shown).
  • a source 118 of anhydrous ammonia (NH 3 ) is fed into the combustion chamber 112 by means of an associated conduit means.
  • the engine 110 is further provided with an antechamber 120 for receiving hydrogen from an appropriate source, such as the electrolyzer 16 discussed above, in communication with the antechamber 120 .
  • the antechamber 120 is in communication with the combustion chamber 112 of the engine 110 permitting the introduction of hydrogen.
  • a spark plug or glow plug (not shown) is disposed within the antechamber 120 .
  • the hydrogen is caused to be ignited by the spark plug or glow plug, causing the pressure and temperature of the hydrogen in the antechamber 120 to rise.
  • This condition causes the hydrogen to issue from the antechamber 120 into the combustion chamber 112 of the engine 110 as a stream of hot gas.
  • the hot gas then interacts with the anhydrous ammonia in the combustion chamber 112 of the engine 110 .
  • the interaction causes combustion of the anhydrous ammonia, which consequently forces the piston 114 of the engine 110 to be thrust downwardly to complete the combustion stroke of the engine 110 .
  • hydrogen produced by the electrolyzer 16 can improve idle operation and militate against carbon deposits in bio-diesel fueled engines and reduce fuel consumption and emissions in gasoline fueled engines.
  • hydrogen produced by the electrolyzer 16 can reduce fuel consumption, improve cold start operation, and reduce emissions while running in idle mode.
  • the substituted hydrogen can reduce fuel consumption and reduce emissions in cold start operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US12/066,409 2005-09-12 2006-09-12 Internal Combustion Engine Having On-Board Electrolyzer And Method Of Using Same Abandoned US20080256933A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/066,409 US20080256933A1 (en) 2005-09-12 2006-09-12 Internal Combustion Engine Having On-Board Electrolyzer And Method Of Using Same

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US71633105P 2005-09-12 2005-09-12
US71807205P 2005-09-16 2005-09-16
US12/066,409 US20080256933A1 (en) 2005-09-12 2006-09-12 Internal Combustion Engine Having On-Board Electrolyzer And Method Of Using Same
PCT/US2006/035403 WO2007033124A2 (fr) 2005-09-12 2006-09-12 Moteur a combustion interne presentant un electrolyseur embarque et procede d'utilisation

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US20080256933A1 true US20080256933A1 (en) 2008-10-23

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Country Status (4)

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US (1) US20080256933A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1943417A4 (fr)
CA (1) CA2622228A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007033124A2 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100064989A1 (en) * 2008-09-17 2010-03-18 Timothy Huttner System and method for use with a combustion engine
US20100187128A1 (en) * 2007-04-12 2010-07-29 Joachim Neubert Method and device for treating liquids, using an electrolytic stage
US11149662B2 (en) * 2017-08-14 2021-10-19 Lars Harald Heggen Zero emission propulsion systems and generator sets using ammonia as fuel
US11286822B2 (en) * 2020-01-13 2022-03-29 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Mitigating particulate matter emission in engine exhaust
US20230287822A1 (en) * 2020-06-16 2023-09-14 Basf Corporation Exhaust treatment system for dual fuel engines

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ITFI20090155A1 (it) * 2009-07-10 2011-01-11 Acta Spa Apparato per arricchire d'idrogeno l'alimentazione di motori a combustione interna alimentati ad ammoniaca durante la fase di avviamento e durante la marcia.

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CA2622228A1 (fr) 2007-03-22
EP1943417A4 (fr) 2009-12-23
WO2007033124A3 (fr) 2009-04-30
WO2007033124A2 (fr) 2007-03-22
EP1943417A2 (fr) 2008-07-16

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