US20080229657A1 - System and methods for continuous biomass processing - Google Patents
System and methods for continuous biomass processing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080229657A1 US20080229657A1 US12/050,896 US5089608A US2008229657A1 US 20080229657 A1 US20080229657 A1 US 20080229657A1 US 5089608 A US5089608 A US 5089608A US 2008229657 A1 US2008229657 A1 US 2008229657A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- biomass
- swelling agent
- steam
- swelling
- contacted
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 181
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 59
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 68
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 33
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 16
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical group N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZAQJHHRNXZUBTE-WUJLRWPWSA-N D-xylulose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C(=O)CO ZAQJHHRNXZUBTE-WUJLRWPWSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000380130 Ehrharta erecta Species 0.000 description 3
- -1 N-methyl Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- 241001520808 Panicum virgatum Species 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000588749 Klebsiella oxytoca Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000003433 Miscanthus floridulus Species 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000746413 Spartina Species 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000588902 Zymomonas mobilis Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical group [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010907 stover Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000005253 yeast cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- MPNXSZJPSVBLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-phenylpyridine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound ClC1=NC=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 MPNXSZJPSVBLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010021809 Alcohol dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000007698 Alcohol dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000016912 Aldehyde Reductase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010053754 Aldehyde reductase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000222120 Candida <Saccharomycetales> Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FNZLKVNUWIIPSJ-RFZPGFLSSA-N D-xylulose 5-phosphate Chemical compound OCC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)COP(O)(O)=O FNZLKVNUWIIPSJ-RFZPGFLSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010058076 D-xylulose reductase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000003133 Elaeis guineensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001950 Elaeis guineensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000588698 Erwinia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000322995 Escherichia coli KO11FL Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000209082 Lolium Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000235652 Pachysolen Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000235647 Pachysolen tannophilus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000235648 Pichia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010011939 Pyruvate Decarboxylase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000235070 Saccharomyces Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000124033 Salix Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000192263 Scheffersomyces shehatae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000235060 Scheffersomyces stipitis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000235346 Schizosaccharomyces Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100026974 Sorbitol dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108020004530 Transaldolase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100028601 Transaldolase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010043652 Transketolase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000014701 Transketolase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700040099 Xylose isomerases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100029089 Xylulose kinase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000588901 Zymomonas Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010504 bond cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006196 deacetylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003381 deacetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007071 enzymatic hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006047 enzymatic hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002402 hexoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002029 lignocellulosic biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous oxide Inorganic materials [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002972 pentoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000026676 system process Effects 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108091022915 xylulokinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
- C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
- C12P7/10—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08H8/00—Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/14—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase (EC 3.2.x), e.g. by alpha-amylase, e.g. by cellulase, hemicellulase
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Definitions
- This invention relates to biomass processing.
- this invention is to a process for treating or swelling cellulosic biomass using a swelling agent to swell at least a portion of the biomass.
- Utilization of cellulose in fermentation has traditionally been hindered by its relatively un-reactive nature.
- the crystalline structure of cellulose and the physical protection provided by hemicellulose and lignin prevent efficient hydrolysis of these materials.
- pretreating the biomass to make the cellulose fraction more accessible to a cellulase enzyme has been applied.
- These processes developed to increase the chemical and biological reactivity of cellulose, can be physical treatments (such as milling) or chemical treatments (such as use of cellulose swelling and dissolving agents). See generally, U.S. Pat. No. 4,600,590 to Dale, U.S. Pat. No. 5,171,592 to Holtzapple et al., and WO 2006/055362.
- ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) process has been recognized as one of the most effective processes among the biomass pretreatment; (Mosier, N., Wyman, C., Dale, B., Elander, R., Lee, Y. Y., Holtzapple, M., Ladish, M. (2005), Bioresource Technology. 96, pp. 673-686.).
- the AFEX process treats biomass with ammonia at moderate temperature under pressure followed by explosive pressure release to rupture the biomass and enhance the conversion of structural carbohydrate (cellulose and hemicellulose) to fermentable sugar.
- the AFEX treatment effectuates a physico/chemical alteration in the biomass micro and macro structure.
- AFEX increase the digestibility of the biomass by de-crystallization of cellulose (Laureano-Perez, L., Teymouri, F., Alizadeh, H., Dale, B. (2005), Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 121-124, pp 1081-1099; Gollapalli, L., Dale, B., Rivers, D. (2002), Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology.
- AFEX process for treatment of several different lignocellulosic biomasses such as corn stover (Teymouri, F., Laureano-Perez, L., Alizadeh, H., Dale, B. (2004), Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 113-116, pp., 951-963), switchgrass (Alizadeh, H., Teymouri, F., Gilbert, Th., Dale, B. (2005) Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 121-124, pp., 1133-1142), corn fiber (Hanchar, R., Teymouri, F., Nielson, Ch., McCalla, D., Stowers, M.
- corn stover Teymouri, F., Laureano-Perez, L., Alizadeh, H., Dale, B. (2004), Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 113-116, pp., 951-963
- switchgrass Alizadeh, H., Tey
- distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) (Bals, B., Dale, B., Balan, V., (2006) Energy & Fuels, 20, pp., 2,732-2,736), and bagasse have been evaluated and shown that this pretreatment helps increase enzymatic digestibility several fold over the untreated biomass.
- the major AFEX operating parameter variations include: temperature (70-110° C.), moisture content (20-80 wt %), ammonia loading (0.5-2.5 g ammonia per gram of dry biomass), residence time (5-30 min). The most effective conditions are chosen based on the highest glucose and xylose yield from enzymatic hydrolysis of the treated biomass.
- the present invention provides a biomass pretreatment system and fermentation processes incorporating a biomass or cellulose treatment system in a simple and scalable design.
- the invention may be practiced using a plug flow reactor capable of accomplishing several of the desired functions simultaneously while meeting desired or predetermined process conditions.
- An advantage of the present invention is the ability to continuously provide required residence time and expansion.
- residence time is provided by continuous flow of the ammonia/moistened biomass.
- the process incorporates a retention coil or auger and ammonia expansion occurs across a pressure reduction device (valve, orifice, or other mechanical devices).
- a process for swelling biomass includes contacting the biomass with a swelling agent as the biomass and swelling agent are transported through a reactor system.
- the reactor system is at a pressure sufficient to maintain the swelling agent predominantly in the liquid phase, and the contact is for a time sufficient to allow the swelling agent to swell at least a portion of the biomass.
- a fermentation process includes a pretreatment system in which biomass is contacted with a swelling agent as the biomass and swelling agent are transported through a reactor system.
- the reactor system is at a pressure sufficient to maintain the swelling agent predominantly in the liquid phase, and the contact is for a time sufficient to allow the swelling agent to swell at least a portion of the biomass. At least a portion of the biomass that has been contacted with the swelling agent is then fermented.
- steam is applied to the biomass to achieve a total moisture content of from 20 wt % to 90 wt % as the steam mixes with the biomass.
- steam is applied to the biomass to achieve a temperature of from 60° C. to 200° C. as the swelling agent mixes with the biomass.
- the steam is applied to the biomass prior to contacting with the swelling agent.
- the steam is applied to the biomass after contacting with the swelling agent.
- the steam is applied to the biomass during contacting with the swelling agent, which means that at or near concurrent application of steam and swelling agent with biomass can also be utilized.
- the biomass is contacted with the swelling agent at a ratio of swelling agent to biomass of from 0.1:1 to 2.5:1 dry weight basis (dwb).
- the steam can be applied by way of a mixing device to mix the steam with the biomass or by way of a transport device to transport the biomass.
- the steam is applied by way of a mixing and transport device to mix and transport the biomass.
- the biomass is contacted with the swelling agent for at least one minute to swell the biomass.
- the swelled biomass is dried to provide a vapor stream and a dried biomass stream such that the vapor stream contains at least a portion of the swelling agent and moisture from the biomass.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram depicting a system for continuous biomass processing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram depicting an overall system for continuous biomass processing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- FIGS. 3-9 are schematic diagrams depicting alternate embodiments of a system for continuous biomass processing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram depicting components that could be used for a system for continuous biomass processing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention using a heating heat exchanger to heat ammonia to, at or near reaction temperature;
- FIGS. 11-13 are schematic diagrams depicting components and system variations that could be used for a system for continuous or semi-continuous biomass processing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention relates to the use of a process for treatment of cellulosic biomass using a swelling agent to swell the biomass.
- the swelling of the biomass increases the chemical and biological reactivity of biomass for subsequent processing.
- the invention incorporates the use of the pretreatment system in fermentation processes.
- the present invention is capable of providing a variety of functions desired for treatment of biomass with swelling agent. These functions include: 1) pressurizing the biomass and swelling agent, 2) mixing and generating a homogeneous mixture of swelling agent and biomass, 3) heating the biomass and swelling agent, 4) providing adequate residence time, 5) releasing the pressure quickly.
- One embodiment of the present invention is providing for a reactor system that uses a plug flow reactor while meeting desired process conditions.
- an ammonia addition system works by running pressurized ammonia, from a pressurized ammonia tank 100 , through a cooling heat exchanger 102 , then through a metering pump 104 , followed by a flow meter 106 , then through a heating heat exchanger 108 to add in heat, then proceeding into a reactor 110 .
- the cooling heat exchanger is configured to cool the ammonia below a vaporization point, therefore keeping it predominantly in liquid form through the metering pump. This allows for accurate measurement of the ammonia.
- the heat exchanger is configured to heat the measured ammonia flowing through the system to at or near reaction temperature prior to flowing through the reactor.
- FIGS. 11-13 Other components and process schematics are shown at FIGS. 11-13 .
- FIG. 11 a continuous or semi-continuous reactor is illustrated.
- FIG. 12 illustrates another variation of a schematic for a process that uses a heat exchanger to bring ammonia to at or near reaction temperature. It is noted that the given components in line in this process may also involve various other combinations including heating exchangers and/or including steam to increase the biomass to reaction temperature. All possible heating heat exchange combinations are contemplated to fall within the design and scope of the present invention.
- the pressurization and transport of the biomass utilizes a positive displacement pump.
- Possible mixing devices can include mechanically powered inline mixers, annular jet pumps, externally and internally modulated steam injection heaters. Annular jet pumps and steam injection heaters may also serve multiple functions in the continuous reactor. For example, these devices can act as one or more of a heating device, a transport device and a mixing device. Residence time is preferably provided by a retention pipe or auger.
- biomass is contacted with a swelling agent, and this mix of biomass and swelling agent are continuously transported through a reactor system.
- continuous it is meant that the mix does not need to be collected in a vessel. Rather, the biomass and swelling agent are flowed at a relatively constant rate through the reaction system.
- the reaction system can include a vessel, but the flow of the mixture is relatively uninterrupted as at least a portion of the biomass is swelled during the flow.
- Biomass refers to living and recently dead biological material that can be used as fuel or for industrial production. Generally, biomass refers to plant matter grown for use as biofuel, but it also includes plant or animal matter that can be used for production of fibers, chemicals or heat. Biomass may also include biodegradable wastes that can be burned as fuel. It excludes organic material which has been transformed by geological processes into substances such as coal or petroleum.
- Particularly suitable biomass includes such plant matter containing a relatively high content of cellulose.
- biomass or plant matter include miscanthus, switchgrass, hemp, corn (e.g., stover or cob), poplar, willow, sugarcane and oil palm (palm oil).
- Even municipal wastes such as newspaper can all be used as suitable biomass material.
- biomass examples include stems, leaves, hulls, husks, wood, wood chips, wood pulp, and sawdust.
- paper waste include discard photocopy paper, computer printer paper, notebook paper, notepad paper, typewriter paper, newspapers, magazines, cardboard, and paper-based packaging materials.
- the biomass is predominantly one or more C 4 grasses.
- C 4 grasses are classified by their pathway of carbon dioxide metabolism, which involves intermediates with 4 carbon atoms. This is described in Biology of Plants , by Raven, Evert, and Curtis, Worth Publishing Co., second edition, 1976, pages 116-117, incorporated herein by reference.
- Particularly preferred C 4 grasses are C 4 perennial grasses. Perennial grasses do not require yearly planting and fertilization and are therefore more suitable for fermentation and ethanol production than annual grasses.
- Particularly preferred C 4 perennial grasses include switchgrass, miscanthus, cord grass, and rye grass. These grasses are particularly fast growing.
- Cord grass is classified as a C 4 grass even though a portion of its growth cycle uses C 3 metabolism.
- the pressure of the reaction system i.e., the portion of the system in which there is contact of the biomass and swelling agent and swelling of at least a portion of the biomass occurs
- the swelling agent should remain predominantly in the liquid phase while contacting the biomass, and while swelling of at least a portion of the biomass occurs.
- the conditions of the system are such that the swelling agent will be considered to be maintained predominantly in the liquid phase.
- the pressure condition of the reaction system will depend upon the type of swelling agent.
- the swelling agent is ammonia
- the pressure condition will be that at which ammonia is predominantly in the liquid phase.
- Other examples of swelling agents include: 1) water soluble amines having the structure NRR 1 R 2 where R, R 1 and R 2 are either the same or different and are selected from the group consist of H or hydrocarbons containing 1 ⁇ 60 carbons, optionally substituted with oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorous, or where two or more of the R groups are attached to form a cyclic group.
- Preferred examples of swelling agents include ammonia, methyl amine, dimethylamine, N-methyl, ethylamine, tripropylamine, and morpholine; 2) water soluble ammonium ions having the structure +NRR 1 R 2 R 3 where R, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are either the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H or hydrocarbons containing 1 ⁇ 60 carbons, optionally substituted with oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorous, or where two or more of the R groups are attached to form a cyclic group.
- Preferred examples include, ammonium hydroxide, ammonium chloride, and trimethylammonium chloride; 3) hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates of lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, such as sodium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, and calcium carbonate (lime); 4) water soluble mono, or poly carboxylic acids containing 1 ⁇ 20 carbons such as carbonic, acetic, trifloroacetic, succinic and citric; 5) inorganic acids such as sulfuric, sulfurous, nitric, nitrous, phosphoric, and hydrochloric, including agents that form inorganic acids when dissolved in water such as sulfur dioxide, which forms sulfurous acid when dissolved in water.
- the reactor system is at a pressure of from 50 psig to 600 psig.
- the reaction system is at a pressure of from 100 psig to 450 psig.
- the contact of the biomass with the swelling agent is also for a period of time sufficient to swell at least a portion of the biomass.
- the swelling agent contacts the biomass for at least one minute, more preferably for at least two minutes, and most preferably for at least five minutes.
- steam is applied to the biomass.
- the steam can be applied before, during or after the biomass is first contacted with the swelling agent.
- the steam is preferably saturated steam.
- the steam is applied to the biomass to maintain the appropriate moisture content as the steam mixes with the biomass.
- the presence of moisture in the biomass allows faster and more even distribution of the swelling agent in the biomass.
- the moisture in the biomass particularly affects hydrolysis of hemicellulose in the biomass, and thereby enhances the overall effect of the pretreatment.
- too high of a moisture content will dilute the overall swelling agent content in the process and also pose an unnecessary burden on any recovery of the swelling agent and on any drying of the biomass that has been contacted with the swelling agent and steam.
- steam is applied to maintain a moisture content of from 20 wt % to 90 wt % on a total weight basis as the steam mixes with the biomass. More preferably, steam is applied to maintain a moisture content of from 60 wt % to 90 wt %, and most preferably from 70 wt % to 85 wt % on a total weight basis as the steam mixes with the biomass.
- the steam is applied to the biomass to maintain the appropriate temperature as the swelling agent mixes with the biomass. Too low of a temperature will have little if any swelling effect on the biomass. Too high of a temperature can result in undesirable chemical reactions and generate potential inhibitory compounds that adversely affect downstream processes such as hydrolysis and fermentation.
- steam is applied to achieve a temperature of from 60° C. to 200° C. as the steam mixes with the biomass. More preferably, steam is applied to achieve a temperature of from 80° C. to 120° C., and most preferably from 90° C. to 110° C. as the stream mixes with the biomass.
- the biomass is contacted with the swelling agent at a predetermined weight ratio of swelling agent to biomass.
- the weight ratio should be high enough to swell at least a significant portion of the biomass within an acceptable amount of time. The weight ratio need not be too high, however. Otherwise, excessive swelling can result such that the swelling agent can cause cellulose in the biomass to plasticize, thereby reducing chemical and biological reactivity of the biomass contacted with the swelling agent on downstream processes. Downstream processes that can be particularly impacted include hydrolysis and fermentation reaction processes.
- the biomass is contacted with the swelling agent at a ratio of swelling agent to biomass of from 0.1:1 to 2.5:1 dwb. More preferably, the biomass is contacted with the swelling agent at a ratio of swelling agent to biomass of from 0.3:1 to 1.5:1 dwb, most preferably from 0.9:1 to 1.1:1 dwb.
- the ruptured biomass is preferably dried to provide a vapor stream and a dried biomass stream.
- the vapor stream contains at least a portion of the swelling agent and moisture from the ruptured biomass.
- the vapor can be condensed or recycled or both in the process.
- the swelling agent in the vapor is recovered and reused in the recycle stream.
- the ruptured biomass in dried or undried form, is a highly desirable feed for fermentation, as the ruptured biomass will have a significant amount of cellulose available for fermentation compared to the untreated or unruptured biomass.
- Fermentation can be anaerobic (deficient in oxygen) as well as aerobic (oxygenated). Under aerobic conditions, microorganisms such as yeast cells can break down sugars to end products such as CO 2 and H 2 O. Under anaerobic conditions, yeast cells utilize an alternative pathway to produce CO 2 and ethanol.
- the fermentation reaction of the present invention is preferably anaerobic, i.e., partially or completely deficient in oxygen. Fermentation can also be used to refer to the bulk growth of microorganisms on a growth medium where no distinction is made between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism.
- the ruptured biomass is preferably contacted with one or more cellulase enzymes in an aqueous mixture.
- the cellulase can be provided as a purified enzyme or can be provided by a cellulase-producing microorganism in the aqueous mixture.
- Cellulase can include any enzyme that effects the hydrolysis or otherwise solubilizes cellulose (including insoluble cellulose and soluble products of cellulose). Suitable sources of cellulase include such commercial cellulase products as SpezymeTM CP, CytolaseTM M104, and MultifectTM CL (Genencor, South San Francisco, Calif.).
- cellulase hydrolysis are typically selected in consideration of the conditions suitable for the specific cellulase source, e.g, bacterial or fungal.
- cellulase hydrolysis can be carried out at a temperature of from 30° C. to 60° C. and a pH of from 4.0 to 8.0.
- cellulase hydrolysis is carried out at a temperature of from 30° C. to 48° C. and a pH between of from 4.0 to 6.0.
- the aqueous mixture of biomass and enzyme can further advantageously comprise an ethanologenic microorganism for fermentation.
- the microorganism in one that has the ability to convert a sugar or oligosaccharide to ethanol.
- the hydrolysis product can be separated and then fermented with the microorganism.
- ethanologenic microorganisms examples include ethanologenic bacteria and yeast.
- the microorganisms are ethanologenic by virtue of their ability to express one or more enzymes which, individually or together, convert a sugar to ethanol.
- Saccharomyces such as S. cerevisiae
- Other examples of microorganisms that convert sugars to ethanol include species of Schizosaccharomyces (such as S. pombe ), Zymomonas (including Z. mobilis ), Pichia ( P. stipitis ), Candida ( C. shehatae ) and Pachysolen ( P. tannophilus ).
- Preferred examples of ethanologenic microorganisms include ethanologenic microorganisms expressing alcohol dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase, such as can be obtained with or from Zymomonas mobilis.
- the ethanologenic microorganism can express xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase, which convert xylose to xylulose.
- Xylose isomerase converts xylose to xylulose, as well.
- the ethanologenic microorganism can further express xylulokinase, which catalyzes the conversion of xylulose to xylulose-5-phosphate.
- Additional enzymes to complete the pathway can include transaldolase and transketolase. These enzymes can be obtained or derived from microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca and Erwinia species.
- microorganisms capable of fermenting both pentoses and hexoses to ethanol are employed.
- Particularly preferred microorganisms include Klebsiella oxytoca P2 and Escherichia coli KO11.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a possible embodiment utilizing the objects of the present invention for a continuous biomass treatment system, and is generally shown at 10 .
- moistened biomass 12 may be pressurized in a positive displacement pump 14 or any other means to pressurize the biomass known in the art.
- Aqueous or anhydrous ammonia is added to moistened biomass upstream (such as at 16 ) of an annular jet pump 18 .
- ammonia may also alternatively refer to anhydrous ammonia or other swelling agents known in the art.
- Steam may used as a transport, heating and/or moisturizing fluid. For example, steam can be injected by way of an annular jet pump 18 to heat the ammonia and biomass suspension, generate a homogeneous suspension, and aid in transporting the mixture through a retention pipe 20 .
- Retention pipe 20 is illustrated as curved, but may be straight in this and in all variations shown in the all the figures. It is noted that in addition to steam, other types of heat exchangers may be used to heat the ammonia to at or near reaction temperature. Once the suspension has passed through the retention pipe, the pressure is rapidly decreased such as across a pressure reduction valve 22 , orifice, or other mechanical device allowing for the vaporization of the ammonia and subsequent separation and recycle back into the process. It is also noted that in this Fig. and in all figures which use steam and ammonia, that the steam optionally may be introduced upstream of the introduction of the ammonia. Further, steam and ammonia may be introduced simultaneously.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of incorporation of the biomass treatment process with an ethanol manufacturing facility.
- the treated biomass following enzyme hydrolysis is particularly suitable in any application that utilizes C5, C6 or a mixed C5/C6 sugar solution.
- FIG. 3 is another schematic of the process illustrated in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 4 offers a slight variation of the schematic illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3 .
- the annular jet pump is replaced by direct-contact steam injection for combined heating and mixing of the biomass/ammonia suspension. This could be accomplished by using spargers, mixing tees and internally modulated steam injection heaters as are known in the art. Steam may also drive the suspension as well as add pressure to the system.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 differ from FIGS. 1 and 4 by using a retention auger 30 to replace a retention pipe.
- the auger would be configured to provide the required residence time for the biomass under pressure prior to depressurizing across a pressure reduction valve, orifice, or other mechanical device. Such configuration and schematic could be developed using methods well known in the art.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 show replacement of the annular jet pump or direct-contact steam injectors with an inline mixer 40 or continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR).
- the steam and/or ammonia could be added upstream or directly into the inline mixer or CSTR.
- the inline mixer and CSTR could provide mixing and all or some of the required mixing time.
- FIG. 9 is a variation of FIG. 3 in that an auger may optionally be used.
- an ammonia addition system works by running pressurized ammonia, from a pressurized ammonia tank 100 , through a cooling heat exchanger 102 , then a metering pump 104 , followed by a flow meter 106 , then through a heating heat exchanger 108 to add in heat, then proceeding into a reactor 110 .
- the cooling heat exchanger is configured by means known in the art to cool the ammonia below a vaporization point, therefore keeping it predominantly in liquid form through the metering pump. This allows for accurate measurement of the ammonia.
- the heat exchanger is configured to heat the measured ammonia flowing through the system to at or near reaction temperature prior to flowing through the reactor.
- FIGS. 11-13 Other component and process schematics are shown at FIGS. 11-13 .
- FIG. 11 a continuous or semi-continuous reactor system is illustrated.
- FIG. 12 illustrates another variation of a schematic for a process that uses a heat exchanger to bring the swelling agent to at or near reaction temperature. It is noted that the given components in line in this process may also involve various other combinations including heating exchangers and/or including steam to increase the biomass to reaction temperature. A wide variety of heating heat exchange combinations are contemplated to fall within the design and scope of the present invention.
- the reactor system of this invention is energy efficient.
- mixing energy is provided by steam through a direct steam injection nozzle.
- the invention is relatively easy to operate and maintain. In one embodiment, there are no moving parts in the reactor. In another embodiment, the reactor has no dynamic seals that could allow ammonia leakage into the work environment.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/050,896 US20080229657A1 (en) | 2007-03-19 | 2008-03-18 | System and methods for continuous biomass processing |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US89567307P | 2007-03-19 | 2007-03-19 | |
US12/050,896 US20080229657A1 (en) | 2007-03-19 | 2008-03-18 | System and methods for continuous biomass processing |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20080229657A1 true US20080229657A1 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
Family
ID=39766556
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/050,896 Abandoned US20080229657A1 (en) | 2007-03-19 | 2008-03-18 | System and methods for continuous biomass processing |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080229657A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2008114139A2 (fr) |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090221042A1 (en) * | 2006-05-01 | 2009-09-03 | Dale Bruce E | Process for the Treatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass |
US20100206499A1 (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2010-08-19 | Zilkha Biomass Acquisitions Company L.L.C. | Methods for Producing Biomass-Based Fuel With Pulp Processing Equipment |
US20100275507A1 (en) * | 2006-08-16 | 2010-11-04 | Bioecon International Holding N.V. | Stable suspensions of biomass comprising inorganic particulates |
US8236173B2 (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2012-08-07 | Kior, Inc. | Biomass pretreatment for fast pyrolysis to liquids |
US8945245B2 (en) | 2009-08-24 | 2015-02-03 | The Michigan Biotechnology Institute | Methods of hydrolyzing pretreated densified biomass particulates and systems related thereto |
US8968515B2 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2015-03-03 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Methods for pretreating biomass |
US9039792B2 (en) | 2009-08-24 | 2015-05-26 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Methods for producing and using densified biomass products containing pretreated biomass fibers |
US9102964B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2015-08-11 | The Michigan Biotechnology Institute | Process for treating biomass |
US9175323B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2015-11-03 | The Michigan Biotechnology Institute | Process for treating biomass |
US9206446B2 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2015-12-08 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Extraction of solubles from plant biomass for use as microbial growth stimulant and methods related thereto |
US9650657B2 (en) | 2010-04-19 | 2017-05-16 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Methods for producing extracted and digested products from pretreated lignocellulosic biomass |
US9850512B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-12-26 | The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York | Hydrolysis of cellulosic fines in primary clarified sludge of paper mills and the addition of a surfactant to increase the yield |
US9951363B2 (en) | 2014-03-14 | 2018-04-24 | The Research Foundation for the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry | Enzymatic hydrolysis of old corrugated cardboard (OCC) fines from recycled linerboard mill waste rejects |
WO2018191176A3 (fr) * | 2017-04-09 | 2019-01-10 | Locus Ip Company, Llc | Production efficace de bioéthanol dans des réacteurs mobiles |
US10202660B2 (en) | 2012-03-02 | 2019-02-12 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Methods for increasing sugar yield with size-adjusted lignocellulosic biomass particles |
US10457810B2 (en) | 2009-08-24 | 2019-10-29 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Densified biomass products containing pretreated biomass fibers |
US11414640B2 (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2022-08-16 | Locus Ip Company, Llc | Matrix fermentation systems and methods for producing microbe-based products |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4644060A (en) * | 1985-05-21 | 1987-02-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Supercritical ammonia treatment of lignocellulosic materials |
US5171592A (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 1992-12-15 | Afex Corporation | Biomass refining process |
US20080008783A1 (en) * | 2006-05-01 | 2008-01-10 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan University | Process for the treatment of lignocellulosic biomass |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6176176B1 (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 2001-01-23 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Apparatus for treating cellulosic materials |
AU2005289333B2 (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2010-12-09 | Iogen Energy Corporation | Continuous flowing pre-treatment system with steam recovery |
AU2005306812B2 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2010-09-16 | Michigan Biotechnology Institute | Process for treatment of biomass feedstocks |
-
2008
- 2008-03-18 US US12/050,896 patent/US20080229657A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-03-19 WO PCT/IB2008/000714 patent/WO2008114139A2/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4644060A (en) * | 1985-05-21 | 1987-02-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Supercritical ammonia treatment of lignocellulosic materials |
US5171592A (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 1992-12-15 | Afex Corporation | Biomass refining process |
US20080008783A1 (en) * | 2006-05-01 | 2008-01-10 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan University | Process for the treatment of lignocellulosic biomass |
Cited By (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090221042A1 (en) * | 2006-05-01 | 2009-09-03 | Dale Bruce E | Process for the Treatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass |
US8968515B2 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2015-03-03 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Methods for pretreating biomass |
US8394611B2 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2013-03-12 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Process for the treatment of lignocellulosic biomass |
US9644222B2 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2017-05-09 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Methods for pretreating biomass |
US8771425B2 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2014-07-08 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Process for the treatment of lignocellulosic biomass |
US9206446B2 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2015-12-08 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Extraction of solubles from plant biomass for use as microbial growth stimulant and methods related thereto |
US8808408B2 (en) | 2006-08-16 | 2014-08-19 | Kior, Inc. | Stable suspensions of biomass comprising inorganic particulates |
US8715377B2 (en) * | 2006-08-16 | 2014-05-06 | Kior, Inc. | Stable suspensions of biomass comprising inorganic particulates |
US20100275507A1 (en) * | 2006-08-16 | 2010-11-04 | Bioecon International Holding N.V. | Stable suspensions of biomass comprising inorganic particulates |
US20100206499A1 (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2010-08-19 | Zilkha Biomass Acquisitions Company L.L.C. | Methods for Producing Biomass-Based Fuel With Pulp Processing Equipment |
US10457810B2 (en) | 2009-08-24 | 2019-10-29 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Densified biomass products containing pretreated biomass fibers |
US9039792B2 (en) | 2009-08-24 | 2015-05-26 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Methods for producing and using densified biomass products containing pretreated biomass fibers |
US9458482B2 (en) | 2009-08-24 | 2016-10-04 | The Michigan Biotechnology Institute | Methods of hydrolyzing pretreated densified biomass particulates and systems related thereto |
US8945245B2 (en) | 2009-08-24 | 2015-02-03 | The Michigan Biotechnology Institute | Methods of hydrolyzing pretreated densified biomass particulates and systems related thereto |
US9650657B2 (en) | 2010-04-19 | 2017-05-16 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Methods for producing extracted and digested products from pretreated lignocellulosic biomass |
US8236173B2 (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2012-08-07 | Kior, Inc. | Biomass pretreatment for fast pyrolysis to liquids |
US8425766B2 (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2013-04-23 | Kior, Inc. | Biomass pretreatment for fast pyrolysis to liquids |
US10202660B2 (en) | 2012-03-02 | 2019-02-12 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Methods for increasing sugar yield with size-adjusted lignocellulosic biomass particles |
US9102964B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2015-08-11 | The Michigan Biotechnology Institute | Process for treating biomass |
US9938662B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2018-04-10 | The Michigan Biotechnology Institute | Process for treating biomass |
US9175323B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2015-11-03 | The Michigan Biotechnology Institute | Process for treating biomass |
US9850512B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-12-26 | The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York | Hydrolysis of cellulosic fines in primary clarified sludge of paper mills and the addition of a surfactant to increase the yield |
US9951363B2 (en) | 2014-03-14 | 2018-04-24 | The Research Foundation for the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry | Enzymatic hydrolysis of old corrugated cardboard (OCC) fines from recycled linerboard mill waste rejects |
WO2018191176A3 (fr) * | 2017-04-09 | 2019-01-10 | Locus Ip Company, Llc | Production efficace de bioéthanol dans des réacteurs mobiles |
US11414640B2 (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2022-08-16 | Locus Ip Company, Llc | Matrix fermentation systems and methods for producing microbe-based products |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2008114139A2 (fr) | 2008-09-25 |
WO2008114139A3 (fr) | 2008-12-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20080229657A1 (en) | System and methods for continuous biomass processing | |
Rodionova et al. | A comprehensive review on lignocellulosic biomass biorefinery for sustainable biofuel production | |
Kumari et al. | Pretreatment of lignocellulosic wastes for biofuel production: a critical review | |
Cheng et al. | Conversion of protein-rich lignocellulosic wastes to bio-energy: Review and recommendations for hydrolysis+ fermentation and anaerobic digestion | |
Balat | Production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials via the biochemical pathway: a review | |
US10421667B2 (en) | Process for treating lignocellulosic feedstock comprising wet oxidation | |
Khan et al. | A review on the role of pretreatment technologies in the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass of corn stover | |
Cardona et al. | Production of bioethanol from sugarcane bagasse: status and perspectives | |
Ding et al. | Biobutanol production from corn stover hydrolysate pretreated with recycled ionic liquid by Clostridium saccharobutylicum DSM 13864 | |
US8414771B2 (en) | Advanced biorefinery process | |
US20110171709A1 (en) | Product Recovery From Fermentation of Lignocellulosic Biomass | |
US10513715B2 (en) | Wet oxidation of biomass | |
Jayakumar et al. | Bioethanol production from agricultural residues as lignocellulosic biomass feedstock's waste valorization approach: A comprehensive review | |
Fan et al. | Integrating sugarcane molasses into sequential cellulosic biofuel production based on SSF process of high solid loading | |
Awoyale et al. | Harnessing the potential of bio‐ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass in Nigeria–a review | |
JP4875785B1 (ja) | 糖液製造装置、発酵システム、糖液製造方法及び発酵方法 | |
Dhungana et al. | Current trends in lignocellulosic bioethanol production. | |
Yang | The use of lignocellulosic biomass for fermentative butanol production in biorefining processes | |
Doddapaneni et al. | Integrated thermochemical and biochemical processes for the production of biofuels and biochemicals | |
Konur | Second Generation Industrial Waste-based Bioethanol Fuels | |
Dincă et al. | Lignocellulosic Biomass Pretreatment For Biofuel Production | |
Gao | ABE fermentation from low cost substrates | |
Awoyale | Paper 1, HPBPLB, Accepted and Published Journal Paper of Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Awoyale Adeolu A. and Lokhat, David (2019) Harnessing the Potential of bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass in Nigeria–a review | |
Anuradha et al. | Recent Technologies for the Production of Biobutanol from Agricultural Residues | |
Biswas | Optimization of the wet explosion pretreatment for increasing biogas and bioethanol yield of lignocellulosic biomass |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MICHIGAN BIOTECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE, MICHIGAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SENYK, DAVID;TIEDJE, TONYA;MCCALLA, DAROLD F.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:022060/0925;SIGNING DATES FROM 20080724 TO 20080804 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |