US20080210636A1 - Fluid Filter - Google Patents
Fluid Filter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080210636A1 US20080210636A1 US11/569,274 US56927405A US2008210636A1 US 20080210636 A1 US20080210636 A1 US 20080210636A1 US 56927405 A US56927405 A US 56927405A US 2008210636 A1 US2008210636 A1 US 2008210636A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- fibres
- charge
- fluid
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
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- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
- B01D35/10—Brush filters ; Rotary brush filters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluid filter, and particularly although not exclusively to a high pressure and throughput filter for removing solid material from a liquid such as water.
- a filter which makes use of fibres to trap material entrained within the medium is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,470,470 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,617,120.
- a similar device is disclosed in EP-A-0280052.
- the filter 100 comprises a filter housing 101 with an inlet end 102 and an outlet end 103 . Extending longitudinally of the housing is a plurality of parallel fibres, held in place by a support 106 . Surrounding the fibres is a flexible waterproof membrane 104 .
- the membrane 104 is pressurised as shown at 107 in FIG. 1 a , thereby compressing the fibres towards an internal pinch point 108 .
- the material to be filtered is forced through the filter in the direction shown by the arrow.
- the filter may be flushed and cleaned by releasing the pressure within the membrane and back-flushing in the opposite direction to the normal flow of filtration.
- EP-A-0280052 discloses a distensible balloon with fibres surrounding it, so that as the balloon is distended the fibres get pushed out against the internal circumference of the filter housing.
- this form of filtration by compression of fibres may be effective at filtering out particles of a certain size or above, it cannot distinguish between particles of different material but of the same size.
- the filter cannot be used to separate out different materials unless there is a definite difference in the particle size of each material. For example, it may be desirable to remove salt from a fluid but to leave certain other minerals in the fluid. Alternatively, one may wish to filter out viruses but to leave in bacteria. Bacteria are larger than viruses, so a filter based on size only cannot achieve this aim.
- a filter for a fluid comprising a filter housing having an inlet end and an outlet end, and a plurality of fibres extending longitudinally of the housing and being secured at the inlet end, wherein the fibres are charged to selectively block or allow the passage of particles of a known charge present in the fluid through to the outlet end
- a method of operating a filter for a fluid having a filter housing with a first end and a second end, and a plurality of fibres extending longitudinally of the housing and being secured at the first end; the method comprising selecting a direction of charge to be applied to the fibres to block the passage of particles of a pre-determined charge from the first end to the second end, imparting the charge to the fibres and passing a fluid to be filtered from the first end to the second end.
- the filter it is further desired to utilise the filter to charge particles in a fluid as they pass through the filter, for capture or control later.
- the drinking water in certain countries is a brown colour, albeit perfectly safe to drink. Its aesthetic characteristics are off-putting to the consumer, and it is therefore desirable to be able to alter these characteristics such that the water is clear and appealing to the consumer.
- a altering the a method of altering the settling characteristics of particles in a fluid using a filter the filter having a filter housing with a first end and a second end, and a plurality of fibres extending longitudinally of the housing and being secured at the first end; the method comprising imparting a predetermined charge to the fibres, the charge being selected based upon the charge of certain particles in the fluid, passing a fluid whose settling characteristics are to be altered from the first end to the second end, and allowing the particles to settle in the fluid.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section through a prior art filter
- FIG. 1 a is a longitudinal section through the filter of FIG. 1 in filtration mode
- FIG. 2 a is a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 b is a longitudinal section through a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 c is a longitudinal section through a third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a detailed plan view of the head matrix of each of the embodiments.
- FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section through a fourth embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a longitudinal section through the filter of FIG. 4 in filtration mode
- FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the blocking and passing capability of the filter of FIGS. 2 a and 2 b;
- FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a fibre anchoring system according to the invention.
- FIG. 8 is a longitudinal section through a fifth embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 a there is shown a filter 200 of a first embodiment of the invention.
- the filter is contained within a cylindrical filter housing 201 the size of which may be selected according to the particular fluid pressures, flow rates or volumes required.
- the housing could be shaped so that its width tapers towards its distal ends.
- the housing has an external diameter of 315 mm and an internal diameter of 290 mm.
- the filter housing can be made of any suitable rigid material such as metal or an appropriate plastics material.
- the housing has an inlet end 202 and an outlet end 203 , respectively allowing the filtered medium to ingress to and to egress from the filter.
- the inlet end is capped by means of an inlet cap 204 having a plurality of inlet apertures 205 . Each of these is supplied by an individual inlet pipe 206 , thereby allowing if required for a variety of liquids and/or gases to be supplied in parallel to the filter.
- Suitable connecting means 207 are provided to couple the inlet pipes to further piping systems (not shown) which furnish the liquids and/or gases to the filter at the required pressure and flow rates.
- This ring provides a lip upon which a head matrix 209 is securely mounted. It is preferred, although not essential, that the head matrix 209 be capable of being easily removed in order to facilitate maintenance and/or replacement.
- the volume of the filter housing between the inlet cap 204 and the head matrix 209 defines an inlet chamber 210 , within which the incoming liquids and/or gases may mix.
- the outlet end 203 of the housing may be left open, or alternatively an exit cap and exit pipes may be provided to direct the outgoing fluid after it has passed through the filter.
- the head matrix 209 consists of a removable plate 300 , made from any suitable rigid materials (such as metal or a plastics material) having a plurality of apertures spaced around the circumference for the receipt of fibre bundles, one of which is shown at 303 .
- the fibres are secured within a metal anchoring collar 710 as shown in FIG. 7 .
- the collar 710 is placed around the fibre bundle and then crimped as shown in FIG. 7 to secure the fibres together.
- the ends of the fibres 720 are then melted or fused together to form a solid mass.
- the anchoring collar can then be placed within the aperture 301 of the head matrix, such that part of the collar abuts a shoulder of the aperture (not shown).
- the fibres may be secured in any convenient way within the head matrix, for example by melting together approximately 30 mm of the fibre ends to form a solid mass and then securing that mass by means of cross-struts (not shown) within the aperture 301 .
- Between and surrounding the fibre bundle apertures 301 are a plurality of smaller apertures 302 , the purpose of which is to allow for the ingress of fluid through the head matrix.
- Both types of aperture are preferably spaced at equidistant points around the circumference of the head matrix, so as to provide a generally uniform distribution of fibres and also a generally uniform fluid flow between and through the fibre bundles.
- the individual fibres 211 of the bundles 301 spread out to form a fairly uniform fibre curtain throughout the housing 201 .
- the fibres extend substantially axially along the length of the filtration chamber 213 , and are oriented substantially parallel to the direction of flow through the chamber.
- the fibres 211 may be secured at the outlet end 203 , rather than being left loose. In this manner, electric current passed through the fibres can flow from one end of the filter to the other.
- the lower fibre ends 215 are secured to an outlet matrix head 216 having apertures (not shown) for securing the fibre bundles and further apertures (also not shown) for egress of the filtrate.
- the outlet matrix head 216 is secured in position in some suitable way, for example by means of a further ring cast on the inside of the filter housing 201 .
- the outlet matrix head 216 could be left loose. In this arrangement the filter could be back flushed.
- the ends of the fibres are not secured in any way, and they simply hang loose.
- This embodiment can be used where the fluid to be filtered is conductive, as the charge can then flow through the fibres and into the liquid. However, if possible it is desired to avoid this embodiment as a coating can build up on the fibres that can affect current flow.
- the fibres 211 may be of any suitable dimension and conductive material, but preferably they are made of metal or carbon fibre.
- the fibres may have a diameter of between 0.15 mm and 0.5 mm.
- the fibres may be solid or hollow, and may be of circular, rectangular or any other cross-section.
- the desired shape-recovery characteristic may also be chosen according to the required application.
- the fibres may have a smooth or a rough surface and may if required be coated. Fibre coatings such as Teflon and zinc may be appropriate.
- the fibres are magnetised but no current is passed through them. Magnetisation along the fibres is achieved as shown in FIG. 2 c by placing opposing magnetic poles 240 a , 240 b at each end of the filter so as to impart charge to the fibres in a predetermined polarity. Alternatively, magnetisation across the fibres can be achieved by placing magnets in or near the filter housing and placing a magnet in the centre of the housing with the opposite pole facing radially outwards (not shown).
- an electric current is fed through wires 230 connected to the top of each fibre bundle.
- the current imparts a predetermined charge to the fibres.
- the electric charge through the fibres causes an electrical field, denoted by the reference numeral 650 to build up between the fibres.
- the electrical field blocks the passage of charged particles 660 flowing in the opposite direction to the electrical field towards which they are directed.
- selected charged particles can be blocked in the same way as with the electric field of FIG. 2 a .
- the magnetic field generated between the fibres blocks particles of the opposite charge to that present in the filter.
- the poles can be reversed to allow the charged particles to pass through the fibres.
- the filter can be used to alter the settling characteristics of particles in a fluid by altering charge of the particles.
- the magnetic/electric field in the fibres alters the charge in certain particles as the fluid is passed through the filter.
- the particles can then be collected and separated out merely by being allowed to settle.
- One example of a use of this method is to alter the settling characteristics of drinking water to improve its appearance. In certain parts of the world, drinking water is brown coloured, even though it is perfectly safe to drink. Normally, the brown coloured particles will not settle in the liquid.
- the brown coloured particles can be removed by altering the settling characteristics of the water by passing it through the filter and then allowing the water to settle, allowing separation of the particles from the drinking water.
- FIGS. 4 a and 4 b it will be seen that in addition to the fibres, there is secured within the centre of the filtration chamber 213 an elongate balloon or distensible member 212 .
- the balloon is disposed centrally within the chamber and extends substantially axially along the chamber so as to be oriented substantially parallel to the direction of flow through the filter.
- a first mode shown in FIG. 4 a , the balloon is relaxed and accordingly presents little or no obstruction to the free flow of fluid through the filter if the fibres are not charged. Fluid entering through the apertures 302 passes substantially unobstructed between the fibre bundles and between gaps 214 between the individual fibres, before passing out of the outlet. No filtering takes place in this mode, but a van der Waals effect may develop.
- the balloon 212 When it is desired to start filtering, the balloon 212 is inflated by means of a control fluid (hydraulic or pneumatic) which is supplied along an inlet pipeline 216 .
- a control fluid hydraulic or pneumatic
- the balloon could be filled with materials that are substantially resistive to motion (be it rapid motion or slow motion) such as a powder or particles such as sand.
- the pipeline may pass through the head matrix 209 , or alternatively (not shown) the pipe may avoid the head matrix by entering from the side or from the outlet end.
- the distended balloon defines a pinch point 403 consisting of a narrow annular region or area between the perimeter of the balloon and the inner circumference of the housing, where the available flow area is at a minimum.
- the position of the pinch point 403 defines an upstream section 406 on the inlet section of the pinch point, and a downstream section 407 on the outlet side.
- the shape of the balloon is such that, in its distended state, it is substantially symmetrical about the central longitudinal axis 408 of the chamber.
- the upstream and downstream sections may be mirror images of each other.
- the upstream section may define a more rapidly-changing annular area, along the length of the filter, than the downstream section, or vice versa.
- the filter when the filter is in filtration mode, fluid passing through it is exposed to a gradually decreasing annular surface area up until the pinch point 403 , and then is exposed to a gradually increasing annular surface area.
- the gradual nature of the decreasing surface area prior to the pinch point is enhanced by making the balloon 212 stiffer at its ends and softer in the middle so that, as it inflates, it forms a generally ovoid shape.
- the balloon As the balloon expands, it starts to exert a radial force on the surrounding fibres, forcing the fibres to press together and to press against the rigid wall 201 of the filter housing. This of course reduces the size of the passageways 409 between the fibres.
- the fibres 211 are made of a compressible material, the fibres themselves may start to deform, thereby reducing even further the size of the passageways 409 through which the fluid can pass.
- the electric or magnetic charge is switched on and the fluid or fluids to be filtered are passed through the filter.
- the fluid may comprise water or another liquid mixed with one or more solid particulates of varying sizes.
- the electric or magnetic field combined with the gradually decreasing passageway size causes the particulates to be trapped between the fibres. Particulates of a predetermined charge will become trapped due to the electric/magnetic field 650 . Of the remaining particles, larger particulates 410 will be trapped relatively early in the graduated filter, whereas finer particulates 411 will be trapped at a point closer to the pinch point 403 . The very finest particles 412 will be trapped just prior to the pinch point.
- the tapered and gradual increase in fibre compression within the upstream section prevents the larger particles 410 which are caught in the coarser filter matrix, defined by the upper port of the upstream section, from slipping down. This would of course be undesirable since larger particles which were to move downwards towards the pinch point would tend to reduce the gradual nature of the taper and hence the ability of the filter systematically to separate out particles of differing sizes.
- the gradual nature of the taper ensures that each fibre is securely held by the fibres which surround it. The fibres in the upstream section cannot “flap around” or move, with the consequence that the trapped particles cannot move either.
- the balloon will be distended by an appropriate amount such that only fluid can pass the pinch point.
- the filter may be adjusted to allow through only particles which are smaller than a desired size.
- the filter includes two balloons 812 a and 812 b arranged in series along a central axis of the filter.
- the fibres 811 surround the balloons such that when the balloons are inflated as shown in FIG. 8 , they compress the fibres together against the inner wall of the housing. In this manner, more than one filter stage is provided, and the two balloons 812 a and 812 b can be used to filter out two different types of particles based on particle size or on another characteristic.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows the flushing process for the embodiment of FIGS. 4 a and 4 b .
- the electric or magnetic field 650 is reversed, and the pressure within the balloon 212 is released, thereby removing the compressive force from the fibres and allowing them to return to their uncompacted and loose state as shown at 503 .
- the fibres reduce their grip on the filter cake, allowing the cake to be washed through by means of a rinsing medium 505 .
- the rinsing medium 505 is passed through the filter in the same direction that the medium to be filtered was passed through in the filtration mode: that is, the filter is forward-flushed.
- the balloon can be used at low pressure only, so as to promote even flow between fibres and not necessarily to create a high pressure gap between the fibres as with the previous embodiment.
- such an embodiment may include one or more balloons placed to surround the fibres as in the prior art, rather than a central balloon as shown in FIGS. 4 a and 4 b.
- Appropriate valves 506 and piping 507 may be employed so that the washing medium and the filter cake do not contaminate the filtrate.
- Upstream and/or downstream pressure sensors 508 , 509 may be used to determine when the filter is overly clogged with filter cake, and when it is necessary to carry out the flushing process. The process may be carried out entirely automatically, thereby maximising the time that the filter spends in the filtration mode, so increasing throughput.
- ultrasound may be applied to the filter or to the fibres to help the cake shake loose. Also, it may be desired to dry the filter cake before release by means such as generating a vacuum within the filter or passing hot air through it.
- the filter of the present invention may be scaled in size as desired according to the volumes to be filtered and/or the application in hand.
- the filter may be manufactured as a plug-in module, in a variety of different sizes.
- the filter is shown with its longitudinal axis vertical in the drawings, it will be understood that in some applications the axis may be horizontal.
- the fluid passing through the filter may be pumped, at high or low pressure, or alternatively may be allowed to pass through the filter entirely by the influence of gravity.
- adjustable parameters include pressure; temperature; fibre size; fibre length; fibre coating; charge on fibre; magnetic field strength of areas within the housing, fibres or fluid; the manner in which the fibres are anchored; flow volume; filter housing material; type of feed; method of inflating the balloon; balloon taper; flushing materials volumes and pressures; and the addition of gases to the mix.
- Typical applications might include:
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a fluid filter, and particularly although not exclusively to a high pressure and throughput filter for removing solid material from a liquid such as water.
- A filter which makes use of fibres to trap material entrained within the medium is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,470,470 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,617,120. A similar device is disclosed in EP-A-0280052.
- The principle of operation of the device of EP-A-0280052 is shown schematically in
FIGS. 1 and 1 a. The filter 100 comprises afilter housing 101 with an inlet end 102 and anoutlet end 103. Extending longitudinally of the housing is a plurality of parallel fibres, held in place by asupport 106. Surrounding the fibres is a flexiblewaterproof membrane 104. - During filtration, the
membrane 104 is pressurised as shown at 107 inFIG. 1 a, thereby compressing the fibres towards aninternal pinch point 108. The material to be filtered is forced through the filter in the direction shown by the arrow. The filter may be flushed and cleaned by releasing the pressure within the membrane and back-flushing in the opposite direction to the normal flow of filtration. - In one particular embodiment, EP-A-0280052 discloses a distensible balloon with fibres surrounding it, so that as the balloon is distended the fibres get pushed out against the internal circumference of the filter housing.
- Whilst this form of filtration by compression of fibres may be effective at filtering out particles of a certain size or above, it cannot distinguish between particles of different material but of the same size. Thus the filter cannot be used to separate out different materials unless there is a definite difference in the particle size of each material. For example, it may be desirable to remove salt from a fluid but to leave certain other minerals in the fluid. Alternatively, one may wish to filter out viruses but to leave in bacteria. Bacteria are larger than viruses, so a filter based on size only cannot achieve this aim.
- According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a filter for a fluid, comprising a filter housing having an inlet end and an outlet end, and a plurality of fibres extending longitudinally of the housing and being secured at the inlet end, wherein the fibres are charged to selectively block or allow the passage of particles of a known charge present in the fluid through to the outlet end
- According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of operating a filter for a fluid, the filter having a filter housing with a first end and a second end, and a plurality of fibres extending longitudinally of the housing and being secured at the first end; the method comprising selecting a direction of charge to be applied to the fibres to block the passage of particles of a pre-determined charge from the first end to the second end, imparting the charge to the fibres and passing a fluid to be filtered from the first end to the second end.
- It is further desired to utilise the filter to charge particles in a fluid as they pass through the filter, for capture or control later. For example, the drinking water in certain countries is a brown colour, albeit perfectly safe to drink. Its aesthetic characteristics are off-putting to the consumer, and it is therefore desirable to be able to alter these characteristics such that the water is clear and appealing to the consumer.
- It is therefore a further aim of the present invention to alleviate this problem in a simple yet effective manner.
- According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a altering the a method of altering the settling characteristics of particles in a fluid using a filter, the filter having a filter housing with a first end and a second end, and a plurality of fibres extending longitudinally of the housing and being secured at the first end; the method comprising imparting a predetermined charge to the fibres, the charge being selected based upon the charge of certain particles in the fluid, passing a fluid whose settling characteristics are to be altered from the first end to the second end, and allowing the particles to settle in the fluid.
- Preferred features and embodiments are set out in the dependent claims.
- The invention may be carried into practice in a number of ways, and several specific embodiments will now be described by, way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section through a prior art filter; -
FIG. 1 a is a longitudinal section through the filter ofFIG. 1 in filtration mode; -
FIG. 2 a is a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 b is a longitudinal section through a second embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 c is a longitudinal section through a third embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 3 is a detailed plan view of the head matrix of each of the embodiments; -
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section through a fourth embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal section through the filter ofFIG. 4 in filtration mode; -
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the blocking and passing capability of the filter ofFIGS. 2 a and 2 b; -
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a fibre anchoring system according to the invention; and -
FIG. 8 is a longitudinal section through a fifth embodiment of the invention. - Turning first to
FIG. 2 a, there is shown afilter 200 of a first embodiment of the invention. The filter is contained within acylindrical filter housing 201 the size of which may be selected according to the particular fluid pressures, flow rates or volumes required. Alternatively, the housing could be shaped so that its width tapers towards its distal ends. For example, in a specific application the housing has an external diameter of 315 mm and an internal diameter of 290 mm. The filter housing can be made of any suitable rigid material such as metal or an appropriate plastics material. The housing has aninlet end 202 and anoutlet end 203, respectively allowing the filtered medium to ingress to and to egress from the filter. - The inlet end is capped by means of an
inlet cap 204 having a plurality ofinlet apertures 205. Each of these is supplied by anindividual inlet pipe 206, thereby allowing if required for a variety of liquids and/or gases to be supplied in parallel to the filter. Suitable connecting means 207 are provided to couple the inlet pipes to further piping systems (not shown) which furnish the liquids and/or gases to the filter at the required pressure and flow rates. - Adjacent to the
inlet end 202 of thehousing 201 there is cast aninternal securing ring 208. This ring provides a lip upon which ahead matrix 209 is securely mounted. It is preferred, although not essential, that thehead matrix 209 be capable of being easily removed in order to facilitate maintenance and/or replacement. The volume of the filter housing between theinlet cap 204 and thehead matrix 209 defines aninlet chamber 210, within which the incoming liquids and/or gases may mix. - The
outlet end 203 of the housing may be left open, or alternatively an exit cap and exit pipes may be provided to direct the outgoing fluid after it has passed through the filter. - Referring now to
FIG. 3 , thehead matrix 209 consists of aremovable plate 300, made from any suitable rigid materials (such as metal or a plastics material) having a plurality of apertures spaced around the circumference for the receipt of fibre bundles, one of which is shown at 303. The fibres are secured within ametal anchoring collar 710 as shown inFIG. 7 . In use, thecollar 710 is placed around the fibre bundle and then crimped as shown inFIG. 7 to secure the fibres together. The ends of thefibres 720 are then melted or fused together to form a solid mass. The anchoring collar can then be placed within theaperture 301 of the head matrix, such that part of the collar abuts a shoulder of the aperture (not shown). - Alternatively, the fibres may be secured in any convenient way within the head matrix, for example by melting together approximately 30 mm of the fibre ends to form a solid mass and then securing that mass by means of cross-struts (not shown) within the
aperture 301. Between and surrounding thefibre bundle apertures 301 are a plurality ofsmaller apertures 302, the purpose of which is to allow for the ingress of fluid through the head matrix. Both types of aperture are preferably spaced at equidistant points around the circumference of the head matrix, so as to provide a generally uniform distribution of fibres and also a generally uniform fluid flow between and through the fibre bundles. - Turning back now to
FIG. 2 a, it will be seen that in afiltration chamber 213 below the head matrix theindividual fibres 211 of thebundles 301 spread out to form a fairly uniform fibre curtain throughout thehousing 201. The fibres extend substantially axially along the length of thefiltration chamber 213, and are oriented substantially parallel to the direction of flow through the chamber. In this preferred embodiment, thefibres 211 may be secured at theoutlet end 203, rather than being left loose. In this manner, electric current passed through the fibres can flow from one end of the filter to the other. In this embodiment, the lower fibre ends 215 are secured to anoutlet matrix head 216 having apertures (not shown) for securing the fibre bundles and further apertures (also not shown) for egress of the filtrate. Theoutlet matrix head 216 is secured in position in some suitable way, for example by means of a further ring cast on the inside of thefilter housing 201. Alternatively, theoutlet matrix head 216 could be left loose. In this arrangement the filter could be back flushed. - In an alternative embodiment shown in
FIG. 2 b, the ends of the fibres are not secured in any way, and they simply hang loose. This embodiment can be used where the fluid to be filtered is conductive, as the charge can then flow through the fibres and into the liquid. However, if possible it is desired to avoid this embodiment as a coating can build up on the fibres that can affect current flow. - The
fibres 211 may be of any suitable dimension and conductive material, but preferably they are made of metal or carbon fibre. In one example, the fibres may have a diameter of between 0.15 mm and 0.5 mm. The fibres may be solid or hollow, and may be of circular, rectangular or any other cross-section. For some applications, it may be advantageous for the fibres to be at least partially elastic, either along or across the fibre length. For such fibres, the desired shape-recovery characteristic may also be chosen according to the required application. The fibres may have a smooth or a rough surface and may if required be coated. Fibre coatings such as Teflon and zinc may be appropriate. - In a further embodiment shown in
FIG. 2 c, the fibres are magnetised but no current is passed through them. Magnetisation along the fibres is achieved as shown inFIG. 2 c by placing opposingmagnetic poles - In use of the embodiment of the filter as shown in
FIG. 2 a, an electric current is fed through wires 230 connected to the top of each fibre bundle. The current imparts a predetermined charge to the fibres. Referring toFIG. 6 a, the electric charge through the fibres causes an electrical field, denoted by thereference numeral 650 to build up between the fibres. When a fluid to be filtered is passed through the filter, the electrical field blocks the passage of chargedparticles 660 flowing in the opposite direction to the electrical field towards which they are directed. - These charged particles will therefore collect within the filter to form a filter cake whilst the remainder of the fluid passes through the filter. When the filter has been in operation for some time, a quantity of filter cake will build up. This may be removed by flushing. In order to flush the filter cake out of the filter, the direction of the charge on the fibres is reversed as shown in
FIG. 6 b, such that the previously blocked charged particles can pass freely through the fibres, to be collected. - It will be understood by the skilled person that the charge on the particles in the fluid to be filtered occurs inherently in nature. Some particles will be positively charged, and others negatively charged.
- In use of the magnetically charged filter as shown in
FIG. 2 c, selected charged particles can be blocked in the same way as with the electric field ofFIG. 2 a. The magnetic field generated between the fibres blocks particles of the opposite charge to that present in the filter. In order to flush the filter cake, the poles can be reversed to allow the charged particles to pass through the fibres. - In an alternative use of the filter of
FIG. 2 a, 2 b or 2 c, the filter can be used to alter the settling characteristics of particles in a fluid by altering charge of the particles. The magnetic/electric field in the fibres alters the charge in certain particles as the fluid is passed through the filter. The particles can then be collected and separated out merely by being allowed to settle. One example of a use of this method is to alter the settling characteristics of drinking water to improve its appearance. In certain parts of the world, drinking water is brown coloured, even though it is perfectly safe to drink. Normally, the brown coloured particles will not settle in the liquid. The brown coloured particles can be removed by altering the settling characteristics of the water by passing it through the filter and then allowing the water to settle, allowing separation of the particles from the drinking water. - In an alternative embodiment shown in
FIGS. 4 a and 4 b, it will be seen that in addition to the fibres, there is secured within the centre of thefiltration chamber 213 an elongate balloon ordistensible member 212. The balloon is disposed centrally within the chamber and extends substantially axially along the chamber so as to be oriented substantially parallel to the direction of flow through the filter. In a first mode, shown inFIG. 4 a, the balloon is relaxed and accordingly presents little or no obstruction to the free flow of fluid through the filter if the fibres are not charged. Fluid entering through theapertures 302 passes substantially unobstructed between the fibre bundles and betweengaps 214 between the individual fibres, before passing out of the outlet. No filtering takes place in this mode, but a van der Waals effect may develop. - When it is desired to start filtering, the
balloon 212 is inflated by means of a control fluid (hydraulic or pneumatic) which is supplied along aninlet pipeline 216. Alternatively, the balloon could be filled with materials that are substantially resistive to motion (be it rapid motion or slow motion) such as a powder or particles such as sand. As is shown in the drawing, the pipeline may pass through thehead matrix 209, or alternatively (not shown) the pipe may avoid the head matrix by entering from the side or from the outlet end. - In the filtration mode of
FIG. 4 b, the distended balloon defines apinch point 403 consisting of a narrow annular region or area between the perimeter of the balloon and the inner circumference of the housing, where the available flow area is at a minimum. The position of thepinch point 403 defines anupstream section 406 on the inlet section of the pinch point, and adownstream section 407 on the outlet side. Preferably, the shape of the balloon is such that, in its distended state, it is substantially symmetrical about the centrallongitudinal axis 408 of the chamber. Depending upon the application, the upstream and downstream sections may be mirror images of each other. Alternatively (not shown) the upstream section may define a more rapidly-changing annular area, along the length of the filter, than the downstream section, or vice versa. - In any event, when the filter is in filtration mode, fluid passing through it is exposed to a gradually decreasing annular surface area up until the
pinch point 403, and then is exposed to a gradually increasing annular surface area. The gradual nature of the decreasing surface area prior to the pinch point is enhanced by making theballoon 212 stiffer at its ends and softer in the middle so that, as it inflates, it forms a generally ovoid shape. - As the balloon expands, it starts to exert a radial force on the surrounding fibres, forcing the fibres to press together and to press against the
rigid wall 201 of the filter housing. This of course reduces the size of thepassageways 409 between the fibres. - If the
fibres 211 are made of a compressible material, the fibres themselves may start to deform, thereby reducing even further the size of thepassageways 409 through which the fluid can pass. - Once the balloon has been expanded to the extent required, the electric or magnetic charge is switched on and the fluid or fluids to be filtered are passed through the filter. Typically, the fluid may comprise water or another liquid mixed with one or more solid particulates of varying sizes. As the water and the particulates pass through the upstream section, the electric or magnetic field combined with the gradually decreasing passageway size causes the particulates to be trapped between the fibres. Particulates of a predetermined charge will become trapped due to the electric/
magnetic field 650. Of the remaining particles,larger particulates 410 will be trapped relatively early in the graduated filter, whereasfiner particulates 411 will be trapped at a point closer to thepinch point 403. The veryfinest particles 412 will be trapped just prior to the pinch point. - The tapered and gradual increase in fibre compression within the upstream section prevents the
larger particles 410 which are caught in the coarser filter matrix, defined by the upper port of the upstream section, from slipping down. This would of course be undesirable since larger particles which were to move downwards towards the pinch point would tend to reduce the gradual nature of the taper and hence the ability of the filter systematically to separate out particles of differing sizes. In the embodiments of the present invention, the gradual nature of the taper ensures that each fibre is securely held by the fibres which surround it. The fibres in the upstream section cannot “flap around” or move, with the consequence that the trapped particles cannot move either. - Typically, the balloon will be distended by an appropriate amount such that only fluid can pass the pinch point. Of course, however, it will be understood that in some applications it may be perfectly acceptable for very fine particulates to pass the filter, in which case the balloon need not be distended to the same extent. By varying the hydraulic or pneumatic pressure on the
line 216, the filter may be adjusted to allow through only particles which are smaller than a desired size. - In a further embodiment shown in
FIG. 8 , the filter includes twoballoons fibres 811 surround the balloons such that when the balloons are inflated as shown inFIG. 8 , they compress the fibres together against the inner wall of the housing. In this manner, more than one filter stage is provided, and the twoballoons -
FIG. 5 schematically shows the flushing process for the embodiment ofFIGS. 4 a and 4 b. In order to flush the filter, the electric ormagnetic field 650 is reversed, and the pressure within theballoon 212 is released, thereby removing the compressive force from the fibres and allowing them to return to their uncompacted and loose state as shown at 503. As thepassages 504 increase in size, the fibres reduce their grip on the filter cake, allowing the cake to be washed through by means of a rinsingmedium 505. This could be any suitable cleaning liquid or gas, for example water, steam, or even the medium to be filtered (with included particulates). The rinsingmedium 505 is passed through the filter in the same direction that the medium to be filtered was passed through in the filtration mode: that is, the filter is forward-flushed. - In an embodiment of the filter in which both a balloon and the electric or magnetic charge is present, the balloon can be used at low pressure only, so as to promote even flow between fibres and not necessarily to create a high pressure gap between the fibres as with the previous embodiment.
- It will be understood that such an embodiment may include one or more balloons placed to surround the fibres as in the prior art, rather than a central balloon as shown in
FIGS. 4 a and 4 b. -
Appropriate valves 506 and piping 507 may be employed so that the washing medium and the filter cake do not contaminate the filtrate. Upstream and/ordownstream pressure sensors - As part of the flushing process, ultrasound may be applied to the filter or to the fibres to help the cake shake loose. Also, it may be desired to dry the filter cake before release by means such as generating a vacuum within the filter or passing hot air through it.
- It will of course be understood that although the flushing process described above with reference to
FIG. 5 will always be carried out in the forward direction, in the alternative embodiment ofFIG. 2 a (in which the fibres are anchored at both ends) a backward flush could be used instead or in addition, in each case either with or without releasing the balloon pressure. - The filter of the present invention may be scaled in size as desired according to the volumes to be filtered and/or the application in hand. In one preferred arrangement the filter may be manufactured as a plug-in module, in a variety of different sizes.
- Although the filter is shown with its longitudinal axis vertical in the drawings, it will be understood that in some applications the axis may be horizontal. The fluid passing through the filter may be pumped, at high or low pressure, or alternatively may be allowed to pass through the filter entirely by the influence of gravity.
- It will be understood that the skilled man will be able to adjust a variety of different parameters, as required according to the particular application in hand. Such adjustable parameters include pressure; temperature; fibre size; fibre length; fibre coating; charge on fibre; magnetic field strength of areas within the housing, fibres or fluid; the manner in which the fibres are anchored; flow volume; filter housing material; type of feed; method of inflating the balloon; balloon taper; flushing materials volumes and pressures; and the addition of gases to the mix.
- There are a large number of specific applications which may benefit from the use of a filter according to the present invention. Typical applications might include:
- 1. Filtration for reverse osmosis.
- 2. The removal of cement, grit and so on following an industrial process such as precast concrete.
- 3. Separation of coagulated products.
- 4. Separation of biological tissue.
- 5. Separation of coagulated blood and the like.
- 6. Separation of vegetable matter, for example the waste water from olive oil production.
- 7. Reducing the turbidity of water generally, where required for technical or for legal reasons.
- 8. The removal of silt from a liquid/water.
- 9. Ballast water.
Claims (31)
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB0411290.0A GB0411290D0 (en) | 2004-05-20 | 2004-05-20 | Fluid filter |
GB0411290.0 | 2004-05-20 | ||
GBGB0500769.5A GB0500769D0 (en) | 2004-05-20 | 2005-01-14 | Fluid filter |
GB0500769.5 | 2005-01-14 | ||
PCT/GB2005/001996 WO2005113109A1 (en) | 2004-05-20 | 2005-05-20 | Fluid filter |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20080210636A1 true US20080210636A1 (en) | 2008-09-04 |
Family
ID=32607673
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/569,274 Abandoned US20080210636A1 (en) | 2004-05-20 | 2005-05-20 | Fluid Filter |
US11/569,302 Expired - Fee Related US8562835B2 (en) | 2004-05-20 | 2005-05-20 | Fluid filter |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/569,302 Expired - Fee Related US8562835B2 (en) | 2004-05-20 | 2005-05-20 | Fluid filter |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20080210636A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1761319B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2007537854A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2566882C (en) |
DK (1) | DK1761319T3 (en) |
GB (3) | GB0411290D0 (en) |
PL (1) | PL1761319T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005113111A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100273068A1 (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2010-10-28 | Adaptive Materials, Inc. | Fuel cell system including a fuel filter member with a filter property indicator |
US20110189587A1 (en) * | 2010-02-01 | 2011-08-04 | Adaptive Materials, Inc. | Interconnect Member for Fuel Cell |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB0606584D0 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2006-05-10 | Water Maiden Ltd | Fluid filter |
CN101496972A (en) * | 2009-01-14 | 2009-08-05 | 卢普伦 | Novel rotor type fibre filtering material |
JP2012130827A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2012-07-12 | Mahle Filter Systems Japan Corp | Filtration accuracy variable filter |
NL2008295C2 (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2013-08-19 | Twin Fibra B V | Fibre based filter. |
GB2517985B (en) | 2013-09-09 | 2016-01-06 | Berishtenu Agricultural Cooperative | Sheaf-based fluid filter |
JP6140051B2 (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2017-05-31 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | Polishing method and polishing apparatus |
US9399183B2 (en) | 2014-04-01 | 2016-07-26 | Dometic Corporation | Vent filter |
CN109433423B (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2020-09-11 | 惠安畅悦工业产品设计有限公司 | Energy-saving electric dust collection device and dust collection method thereof |
CN113318506B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-02-01 | 浙江伟鸿水处理设备有限公司 | Water and gas distribution system of flap filter |
CN115400474B (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2023-07-07 | 贵州达沃斯光电有限公司 | Filtering device |
CN115318440B (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2022-12-20 | 江苏仕邦柔性电子研究院有限公司 | Filtering equipment for process residual gas for atomic layer deposition equipment |
CN115554857A (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2023-01-03 | 清华大学 | Ceramic membrane scale inhibition system and method based on ozone ultramicro bubbles |
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US4776962A (en) * | 1986-08-04 | 1988-10-11 | James Howden & Company Limited, A British Company | Filtering apparatus and method |
US4851136A (en) * | 1987-01-27 | 1989-07-25 | Dongbei Power College | Method of and apparatus for filtering a medium |
US5470470A (en) * | 1992-02-10 | 1995-11-28 | Leyat Fils Marketing Sa | Liquid filter fiber module disposed in an inflatable belt |
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DE1959867A1 (en) | 1968-11-28 | 1970-06-11 | Arai Sinzo | Filter |
JPS5483176A (en) * | 1977-12-15 | 1979-07-03 | Unitika Ltd | Precision filter |
CH633196A5 (en) * | 1978-03-02 | 1982-11-30 | Chemap Ag | METHOD AND BRUSH FILTER FOR FILTRATING LIQUIDS AND GASES. |
US4793932A (en) * | 1985-04-10 | 1988-12-27 | Memtec Limited | Variable volume filter or concentrator |
SE461895B (en) * | 1986-04-10 | 1990-04-09 | Data Promeditech Inc | DEVICE FOR ION, MOLECULE, GAS, WATER AND / OR HEAT EXCHANGE BETWEEN FLUIDS |
US4886601A (en) * | 1988-05-31 | 1989-12-12 | Japan Organo Co., Ltd. | Column filter using bundles of long fibers |
DE3831786A1 (en) * | 1988-09-19 | 1990-03-29 | Akzo Gmbh | FABRIC AND / OR HEAT EXCHANGER |
DK136192D0 (en) * | 1992-11-09 | 1992-11-09 | John Reipur | FILTER |
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US6090275A (en) * | 1999-01-08 | 2000-07-18 | Cheng; Danny Kwei | Liquid filter with density adjustable filter element means |
EP1322398B2 (en) | 2000-09-19 | 2010-07-28 | Shell Technology Ventures Fund 1 B.V. | A device and a method for filtering a fluid |
ATE327822T1 (en) * | 2001-09-17 | 2006-06-15 | Fibra Ltd | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR BRINGING A LIQUID INTO CONTACT WITH A GAS |
US7300571B2 (en) * | 2003-02-13 | 2007-11-27 | Zenon Technology Partnership | Supported biofilm apparatus |
-
2004
- 2004-05-20 GB GBGB0411290.0A patent/GB0411290D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2005
- 2005-01-14 GB GBGB0500769.5A patent/GB0500769D0/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-01-14 GB GBGB0500770.3A patent/GB0500770D0/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-05-20 EP EP05744212.1A patent/EP1761319B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-05-20 DK DK05744212.1T patent/DK1761319T3/en active
- 2005-05-20 WO PCT/GB2005/002013 patent/WO2005113111A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-05-20 US US11/569,274 patent/US20080210636A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-05-20 US US11/569,302 patent/US8562835B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-05-20 PL PL05744212T patent/PL1761319T3/en unknown
- 2005-05-20 JP JP2007517432A patent/JP2007537854A/en active Pending
- 2005-05-20 CA CA2566882A patent/CA2566882C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
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US4776962A (en) * | 1986-08-04 | 1988-10-11 | James Howden & Company Limited, A British Company | Filtering apparatus and method |
US4851136A (en) * | 1987-01-27 | 1989-07-25 | Dongbei Power College | Method of and apparatus for filtering a medium |
US5470470A (en) * | 1992-02-10 | 1995-11-28 | Leyat Fils Marketing Sa | Liquid filter fiber module disposed in an inflatable belt |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20100273068A1 (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2010-10-28 | Adaptive Materials, Inc. | Fuel cell system including a fuel filter member with a filter property indicator |
US20110189587A1 (en) * | 2010-02-01 | 2011-08-04 | Adaptive Materials, Inc. | Interconnect Member for Fuel Cell |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1761319A1 (en) | 2007-03-14 |
GB0411290D0 (en) | 2004-06-23 |
WO2005113111A8 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
CA2566882A1 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
EP1761319B1 (en) | 2014-03-19 |
CA2566882C (en) | 2010-11-23 |
DK1761319T3 (en) | 2014-06-23 |
US20080121587A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
PL1761319T3 (en) | 2014-09-30 |
US8562835B2 (en) | 2013-10-22 |
GB0500769D0 (en) | 2005-02-23 |
GB0500770D0 (en) | 2005-02-23 |
JP2007537854A (en) | 2007-12-27 |
WO2005113111A1 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: WATER MAIDEN LIMITED, UNITED KINGDOM Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:FRYE, MICHAEL JOHN ERNEST;JENSEN, SOREN INGEMANN;MCINTYRE, PHILIP;REEL/FRAME:019321/0310;SIGNING DATES FROM 20070226 TO 20070508 Owner name: WATER MAIDEN LIMITED, UNITED KINGDOM Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:FRYE, MICHAEL JOHN ERNEST;JENSEN, SOREN INGEMANN;MCINTYRE, PHILIP;SIGNING DATES FROM 20070226 TO 20070508;REEL/FRAME:019321/0310 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |