US20080022521A1 - Universal terminal bar structure with ground contacting feature integrated into a body structure with versatile RFI suppression for electric motors - Google Patents
Universal terminal bar structure with ground contacting feature integrated into a body structure with versatile RFI suppression for electric motors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080022521A1 US20080022521A1 US11/806,777 US80677707A US2008022521A1 US 20080022521 A1 US20080022521 A1 US 20080022521A1 US 80677707 A US80677707 A US 80677707A US 2008022521 A1 US2008022521 A1 US 2008022521A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- terminal bar
- ground
- positive terminal
- capacitor
- bar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
- H02K11/02—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for suppression of electromagnetic interference
- H02K11/026—Suppressors associated with brushes, brush holders or their supports
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
- H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
- H01R39/38—Brush holders
- H01R39/381—Brush holders characterised by the application of pressure to brush
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
- H02K5/14—Means for supporting or protecting brushes or brush holders
- H02K5/143—Means for supporting or protecting brushes or brush holders for cooperation with commutators
- H02K5/148—Slidably supported brushes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
- Y10T29/49124—On flat or curved insulated base, e.g., printed circuit, etc.
- Y10T29/49147—Assembling terminal to base
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
- Y10T29/49169—Assembling electrical component directly to terminal or elongated conductor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
- Y10T29/49174—Assembling terminal to elongated conductor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
- Y10T29/49204—Contact or terminal manufacturing
- Y10T29/49208—Contact or terminal manufacturing by assembling plural parts
Abstract
A method of providing RFI suppression in a DC motor provides a universal terminal bar structure 70 including a positive terminal bar 72 and a negative terminal bar 76, a first choke 80 electrically connected with the positive terminal bar, a second choke 82 electrically connected with the negative terminal bar, a first ground connection 86 constructed and arranged to electrically connect the positive terminal bar to ground, a first breakable section A between the first ground connection and the positive terminal bar, a second ground connection 88 constructed and arranged to electrically connect the negative terminal bar to ground, and a second breakable section B between the second ground connection and the negative terminal bar. Capacitor structure 90 is attached to the terminal bar structure, and the first breakable section is selectively broken, alone or in combination with the second breakable section to provide versatile RFI suppression.
Description
- This application is based on U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/550,474, filed on Mar. 5, 2004 and claims the benefit thereof for priority purposes.
- The invention relates to permanent magnet direct current (DC) motors for automotive applications and, more particular, to a terminal bar structure that provides versatile RFI suppression.
- The functionality of permanent magnet direct current brush-commutated electric motors requires switching current from winding to winding. As the brushes slide from one bar to another an arching occurs due to the back electromotive force (EMF) generated by the stored electromagnetic energy in the current carrying coils. The arching generates broadband electrical noise over a wide frequency spectrum. The spectrum energy distribution is influenced by switching of coils (commutation) that is proportional to the motor speed.
- There are two modes of conducted noise generated in a motor, differential mode and common mode. The differential mode filtering can be accomplished with a shunt capacitor connected across the positive and negative motor terminals and use of series inductors or ferrite beads (chokes) to reduce radio frequency (RF) noise currents. The common mode filtering is also accomplished by including series impedance in both leads in addition to referencing the shunt capacitor and the negative terminal to case. However, the motor case and vehicle ground must be at the same potential. If the case and vehicle ground are at different potential then the RF reference can be provided by an additional capacitor. This type of filtering is shown in
FIGS. 1, 2 , and 3. -
FIG. 1 shows a conventionalbrush card assembly 10 for a two brush, four pole (permanent magnet) motor with a link wound commutator. In this case, the Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) filtering is realized by placing acapacitor 11 between thepositive terminal bar 12 andnegative terminal bar 14 that are directly connected to the respective chokes. Thepositive choke 16 is connected to the positive brush insidebrush tube 18 via ashunt wire 20 and the negative choke n22 is connected to the negative brush insidebrush tube 24 viashunt wire 26. Furthermore, a motor case/stator assembly is connected to thenegative terminal bar 14 through theground shunt wire 28. Theground shunt wire 28 is at the same potential as the vehicle ground. In this case, the terminal bars are insert molded into aconnector body 30. -
FIG. 2 shows a conventionalbrush card assembly 10′ for a two brush, four pole (permanent magnet) motor with a link wound commutator. In this case, RFI filtering is realized by placing acapacitor 32 between thepositive terminal bar 16 and motor case/stator assembly and anothercapacitor 34 between thenegative terminal bar 14 and the motor case/stator assembly. Therefore, the motor case has the same potential as the vehicle ground. The terminal bars are directly connected to the respective chokes (thepositive choke 16 is connected to thepositive brush 18 and thenegative choke 22 is connected to thenegative brush 24 in the manner discussed above with regard toFIG. 1 ). In this case, thepositive lead wire 36 and thenegative lead wire 38 are attached to the terminal bars and the assembly is then over molded in agrommet 40. -
FIG. 3 a shows a conventional brush card assembly for a four brush, four pole (permanent magnet) motor. In this case, the RFI filtering is a bit more complex because there are four brushes used (two positive 18, 18′ and two negative 24, 24′) and there is achoke 37 connected between each brush and the respective power input terminal bar. As shown inFIG. 3 b, two chokes are not seen since they are on the other side of the brush card. Thecapacitor 42 is connected between the positiveterminal input bar 44 and the negativeinput terminal bar 46. Thecapacitor 48 is connected between the positiveinput terminal bar 44 and motor case/stator assembly. Also, the motor case/stator assembly has the same potential as the vehicle ground through theground shunt wire 50. In this case, similar to the brush card inFIG. 2 , thelead wires -
FIG. 4 shows another conventional brush card assembly with four brushes for a four pole (permanent magnet) motor. However there are only two chokes used, one for both positive brushes and the other one for both negative brushes. Thechoke 52 is connected between the negativeinput terminal bar 46 and the brush 54 (negative brush). Thechoke 56 is connected between the positive inputpower terminal bar 44 and brush 58 (positive brush). Thecapacitor 60 is connected between the positive and negative input terminal bars. Thecapacitor 62 is connected between the positive input terminal bar and motor case/stator assembly. In this case, thenegative terminal bar 46 has an extended feature 64 (instead of the ground shunt wire as shown inFIGS. 1, 2 , and 3)) to make contact to the motor case/stator assembly. Therefore, the motor case/stator assembly still has the same polarity as the vehicle ground. - Although the construction of the brush card assembly for a four-brush configuration is significantly different from the two-brush configuration, the method of assembling the capacitors and grounding to motor case for RFI suppression are the same. The attachment of
capacitors FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, respectively, andcapacitor 34 inFIG. 2 is manual labor intensive. Furthermore, paint must be removed (grinded off) from the stator/motor case at the contact area of ground strap shunt wire or the ground terminal bar in order to ensure proper grounding. - Therefore, a more universal and versatile terminal bar system is needed that can be more cost effective and that can accommodate automated assembly.
- An object of the invention is to fulfill the need referred to above. In accordance with the principles of the present invention, this objective is achieved by a method of providing RFI suppression in a DC motor. The method provides a universal terminal bar structure including a positive terminal bar and a negative terminal bar, a first ground connection constructed and arranged to electrically connect the positive terminal bar to ground, a first breakable section between the first ground connection and the positive terminal bar, a second ground connection constructed and arranged to electrically connect the negative terminal bar to ground, and a second breakable section between the second ground connection and the negative terminal bar. Capacitor structure is attached to the terminal bar structure, and the first breakable section is selectively broken, alone or in combination with the second breakable section to provide versatile RFI suppression.
- In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a universal terminal bar structure is provided for a permanent magnet DC motor. The structure includes a body structure, a positive terminal bar and a negative terminal bar, each being carried by the body structure, a first ground connection constructed and arranged to electrically connect the positive terminal bar to ground, a first breakable section between the first ground connection and the positive terminal bar constructed and arranged such that when the first breakable section is broken, the connection between ground and the positive terminal bar is terminated, a second ground connection constructed and arranged to electrically connect the negative terminal bar to ground, a second breakable section between the second ground connection and the negative terminal bar constructed and arranged such that when the second breakable section is broken, the connection between ground and the negative terminal bar is terminated, and capacitor structure attached to the terminal bar structure. Whereby placement of the capacitor structure and selectively breaking the first breakable section, alone or in combination with the second breakable section, provides selective radio frequency interference (RFI) suppression for the motor.
- Other objects, features and characteristics of the present invention, as well as the methods of operation and the functions of the related elements of the structure, the combination of parts and economics of manufacture will become more apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description and appended claims with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form a part of this specification.
- The invention will be better understood from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts, in which:
-
FIG. 1 shows a conventional brush card assembly for a two brush, four-pole permanent magnet motor with terminal bars molded into a connector body. -
FIG. 2 shows a conventional brush card assembly for a two brush, four-pole permanent magnet motor with lead wires attached to the terminal bars when molded in a grommet. -
FIG. 3 a shows a top side of a conventional brush card assembly for a four brush, four-pole permanent magnet motor with four chokes and with lead wires attached to the terminal bars when molded in a grommet. -
FIG. 3 b show a bottom side of the brush card assembly ofFIG. 3 a. -
FIG. 4 shows a conventional brush card assembly for a four brush, four-pole permanent magnet motor having two chokes with a negative terminal bar having an extended feature to contact a motor case/stator assembly. -
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a terminal bar structure provided in accordance with the principles of the present invention. -
FIG. 6 is a partial sectional view of a ground connection of the invention being compressed between an end cap and the motor case/stator assembly. - With reference to
FIG. 5 , a terminal bar structure, generally indicated at 70, is shown in accordance with the invention. The terminal bar structure has apositive terminal bar 71, of a generally Y-shape defining a high-speed connection branch 72 and a mediumspeed connection branch 74 joined at acommon member 75. Theterminal bar structure 70 also includes anegative terminal bar 76. Theterminal bar structure 70 can be cut-out/stamped-out on a progressive die as one piece or two pieces (the positive bar separate from the negative bar) or even multiple pieces. This depends on the construction and complexity of a molding die that is used for molding agrommet 78 or connector body structure around theterminal bar structure 70. If theterminal bar structure 70 is made as one piece, the positiveterminal bar 71 must be separated from thenegative terminal bar 76. - A break-off (breakable) section encircled at A in
FIG. 5 is provided on the positiveterminal bar 71 and a break-off (breakable) section encircled at B inFIG. 5 is provided on thenegative terminal bar 76. These break-off sections can be selectively cut-off depending on the type of RFI suppression being used, as will be apparent below. In the illustrated embodiment, at least onechoke 80 is attached to thecommon member 75 of the positiveterminal bar 71 and at least onechoke 82 is attached to thenegative terminal bar 76. The chokes are directly attached to the respective polarity brushes (the brushes are not shown inFIG. 5 ). Additional chokes can be attached in series or in parallel to the positive terminal bar and negative terminal bar depending on the number of brushes used, or the level of RFI suppression required. If no chokes are provided, the positive brush can be connected directly to the positiveterminal bar 71 and the negative brush can be connected directly to thenegative terminal bar 76. - With the
terminal bar structure 70, the following type of RFI suppressions can be achieved: - 1. The Type 1 RFI suppression as shown in
FIG. 1 can be achieved with theterminal bar structure 71 by attachingonly capacitor 84 between the positiveterminal bar 71 and negativeterminal bar 76 as shown inFIG. 5 . Furthermore, the break-off section A is removed/cut to break the contact of the positive terminal bar to motor case/stator assembly through theground connection portion 86 of the positiveterminal bar 71. However, the break-off section B remains part of thenegative terminal bar 76; therefore, the motor case/stator assembly is connected to the vehicle ground through theground connection portion 88 of thenegative terminal bar 76. - 2. The Type 2 RFI suppression as shown in
FIG. 2 can be achieved with theterminal bar structure 70 by attachingcapacitor 90 and capacitor 92 (but not capacitor 84) to theterminal bar structure 70 as shown inFIG. 5 . Thus,capacitor 90 is electrically connected between theground connection 86 and the positiveterminal bar 71 andcapacitor 92 is electrically connected between theground connection 88 and thenegative terminal bar 76. Furthermore, both break-off section A and break-off section B are removed/cut to eliminate direct contact ofterminal bars - 3. The Type 3 RFI suppression as illustrated on
FIG. 3 andFIG. 4 can be achieved with theterminal bar structure 70 by attachingcapacitor 90 and capacitor 84 (but not capacitor 92) to theterminal bar structure 70 as shown inFIG. 5 . Thus,capacitor 90 is electrically connected between theground connection 86 and the positiveterminal bar 71 andcapacitor 84 is electrically connected between the positiveterminal bar 71 and thenegative terminal bar 76. Furthermore, the break-off section A is removed/cut to break the contact of the positive terminal bar to motor case/stator assembly through theground connection 86 of the positiveterminal bar 71. However, the break-off section B remains part of thenegative terminal bar 76; therefore, the motor case/stator assembly is connected to the vehicle ground through theground connection 88 of thenegative terminal bar 76. - Thus, breakable section A is always cut, broken or removed, and breakable section B is cut or broken only when
capacitor 92 is employed. Providing the breakable sections A and B enables the terminal bars 72 and 76 to be cut out or stamped as explained above. - The capacitors are assembled, for example, by resistance welding/fusing or ultrasonic welding (however the assembly is not limited to these methods). The grommet or
connector body 78 can be molded after or before the capacitors are assembled to theterminal bar structure 70. However, thepositive lead wire 38 and thenegative lead wire 36 need to be attached to the associated terminal bar before molding thegrommet 78 around the terminal bars. - The advantage with the versatile
terminal bar structure 70 is that the attachment of capacitor and ground connections can be automated. Also, the capacitors are placed on theterminal bar structure 70 based on the type and level of RFI suppression requirements. Therefore, with this structure, multiple type and levels of RFI suppression can be achieved. - Also, the same grommet or
connector body structure 78 with the insert molded terminal bars can be used for one or two or even three positive power input applications. This requirement is quite common when one or two resistors are connected in series to the motor for two or three speed application. The advantage of this structure is that with the “flow through”feature 94 on the positiveterminal bar 71 all positive power inputs are jointed and insert molded into the grommet orconnector body 78. - Another advantage of the
terminal bar structure 70 is the method of grounding to the motor case/stator assembly. This is illustrated inFIG. 6 , where theground connection terminal bar structure 70 is compressed between anend cap 96 of a motor and the motor case/stator assembly 98. Under compressive load the ground connection bar cuts into the motor case/stator assembly to ensure adequate ground connection. - Features of the invention include:
- 1. Integrate ground contact terminal bar into grommet or connector body structure.
- 2. Insert mold RFI suppression components into grommet or connector body structure.
- 3. Integrate FRI suppression component into grommet or connector body structure.
- 4. Insert mold terminal bar to grommet or connector body structure with flow through feature to accommodate for two or multiple terminal power inputs but with only two terminals to the RFI chokes or brushes.
- 5. A method of ground connection without grinding paint from the motor case/stator assembly.
- 6. Insert molded terminal bar with features such as the break-off sections that allow for a versatile RFI suppression assembly.
- The foregoing preferred embodiments have been shown and described for the purposes of illustrating the structural and functional principles of the present invention, as well as illustrating the methods of employing the preferred embodiments and are subject to change without departing from such principles. Therefore, this invention includes all modifications encompassed within the spirit of the following claims.
Claims (13)
1-10. (canceled)
11. A method of providing RFI suppression in a DC motor including:
providing a universal terminal bar structure comprising:
a positive terminal bar and a negative terminal bar,
a first ground connection constructed and arranged to electrically connect the positive terminal bar to ground,
a first breakable section between the first ground connection and the positive terminal bar,
a second ground connection constructed and arranged to electrically connect the negative terminal bar to ground, and
a second breakable section between the second ground connection and the negative terminal bar,
attaching capacitor structure to the terminal bar structure, and
selectively breaking the first breakable section alone or in combination with the second breakable section.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of attaching capacitor structure includes electrically connecting a capacitor between the positive terminal bar and the negative terminal bar.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the step of breaking includes breaking only the first breakable section so as to terminate the connection between ground and the positive terminal bar is terminated.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of attaching capacitor structure includes electrically connecting a capacitor between the first ground connection and the positive terminal bar and electrically connecting another capacitor between the positive terminal bar and the negative terminal bar.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the step of breaking includes breaking only the first breakable section so as to terminate the connection between ground and the positive terminal bar is terminated.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of attaching capacitor structure includes electrically connecting a capacitor between the first ground connection and the positive terminal bar and electrically connecting another capacitor between the second ground connection and the negative terminal bar.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the step of breaking includes breaking both the first breakable section and the second breakable section to eliminate direct contact of the terminal bars to ground.
18. The method of claim 11 , further including molding a connector body about at least a portion of the terminal bar structure.
19. The method of claim 11 , further including attaching a lead wire to the positive terminal bar and attaching another lead wire to the negative terminal bar and thereafter, molding a connector body about at least a portion of the terminal bar structure.
20. The method of claim 11 , further including electrically connecting at least one first choke with the positive terminal bar and electrically connecting at least one second choke with the negative terminal bar.
21. The method of claim 11 , wherein the motor includes an end cap and a motor case, the method further including compressing the first and second ground connections between the end cap and motor case such that under compression, the ground connections cut into the motor case to create ground contact.
22. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of providing the terminal bar structure includes providing the terminal bar structure as a single piece and then separating the positive terminal bar from the negative terminal bar.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/806,777 US20080022521A1 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2007-06-04 | Universal terminal bar structure with ground contacting feature integrated into a body structure with versatile RFI suppression for electric motors |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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US55047404P | 2004-03-05 | 2004-03-05 | |
US11/070,174 US7291957B2 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2005-03-02 | Universal terminal bar structure with ground contacting feature integrated into a body structure with versatile RFI suppression for electric motors |
US11/806,777 US20080022521A1 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2007-06-04 | Universal terminal bar structure with ground contacting feature integrated into a body structure with versatile RFI suppression for electric motors |
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US11/070,174 Division US7291957B2 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2005-03-02 | Universal terminal bar structure with ground contacting feature integrated into a body structure with versatile RFI suppression for electric motors |
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US20080022521A1 true US20080022521A1 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
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US11/070,174 Expired - Fee Related US7291957B2 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2005-03-02 | Universal terminal bar structure with ground contacting feature integrated into a body structure with versatile RFI suppression for electric motors |
US11/806,777 Abandoned US20080022521A1 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2007-06-04 | Universal terminal bar structure with ground contacting feature integrated into a body structure with versatile RFI suppression for electric motors |
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US11/070,174 Expired - Fee Related US7291957B2 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2005-03-02 | Universal terminal bar structure with ground contacting feature integrated into a body structure with versatile RFI suppression for electric motors |
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US7291957B2 (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2007-11-06 | Siemens Vdo Automotive Canada Inc. | Universal terminal bar structure with ground contacting feature integrated into a body structure with versatile RFI suppression for electric motors |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013225240A1 (en) | 2013-12-09 | 2015-06-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Pole housing of an electrical machine |
KR20190032783A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2019-03-28 | 한온시스템 주식회사 | Motor |
KR102463491B1 (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2022-11-08 | 한온시스템 주식회사 | Motor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20050196993A1 (en) | 2005-09-08 |
US7291957B2 (en) | 2007-11-06 |
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Legal Events
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |