US2007285A - Examination of high grade alloyed steels - Google Patents
Examination of high grade alloyed steels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2007285A US2007285A US722318A US72231834A US2007285A US 2007285 A US2007285 A US 2007285A US 722318 A US722318 A US 722318A US 72231834 A US72231834 A US 72231834A US 2007285 A US2007285 A US 2007285A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- examination
- high grade
- acid
- places
- alloyed steels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000276 potassium ferrocyanide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XOGGUFAVLNCTRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapotassium;iron(2+);hexacyanide Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] XOGGUFAVLNCTRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JGUQDUKBUKFFRO-CIIODKQPSA-N dimethylglyoxime Chemical compound O/N=C(/C)\C(\C)=N\O JGUQDUKBUKFFRO-CIIODKQPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- YAGKRVSRTSUGEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferricyanide Chemical compound [Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] YAGKRVSRTSUGEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 potassium ferricyanide Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium thiocyanate Chemical compound [K+].[S-]C#N ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940116357 potassium thiocyanate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003567 thiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/20—Metals
- G01N33/204—Structure thereof, e.g. crystal structure
- G01N33/2045—Defects
Definitions
- My invention relates to the examination of metals and moreespecially high grade alloyed steels such as the so-called stainless steel with a view to ascertaining defective places. It is an object of my invention to provide means whereby the tracing of such defects is greatly simplified and facilitated. 1
- articles consisting 'of a high grade alloyed steel frequently possess a reduced resistivity against chemical and other influences in certain places, more especially at the welding scams or in places where they have-been subjected to changes of form in cold condition. For instance if during the welding operation certain precautionary measures are not sufiiciently observed, a change of the structure will arise at the welding seams, which may cause premature corrosion of the welded points, as distinguished from the material surrounding these places,
- vesse1,tool or other apparatus may become altogether unfit for further use. It is therefore customary to examine the resistivity of such welding seams against corrosion according to certain methods enabling the operator to ascertain, before the apparatus or the like is put-to use, whether the condition of the welding seams involves danger'tc the apparatus as a whole.
- One of the methods particularly adapted for such examination and mostly in use is the so-called coption not only avoids these drawbacks, but it also altogether harmless, simple and applicable in the shortest possible time. It consists in the marking of the changes of structure by the production of colored compounds with the constituents of the alloy, which are exposed at the places, where the metal structure has undergone changes, but not in the unaffected steel.
- the iron and nickel constituents of the alloy produce particularly good color reactions, since solutions of these metals can be traced easily and unambiguously for instance by means of compounds of complex iron compounds of the hydrocyanic acid such as potassium ferrocyanide or ferricyanide or by means of potassium thiocyanate and other thiocyanates or of dimethylglyoxime, etc.
- the suspicious places are first treated with an acid and after removal of the acid by washing the color reagents are applied.
- I apply these reagents under the form of a moist strip of paper or other tissue imbibed with the reagent in question or under the form of pastes or solutions capable of adhering to the places to be examined.
- I may for instance prepare such pastes or solutions by incorporating the color reagents in solutions, preferably aqueous or containing water, of gelatine, water glass glue or the like, or in a suspension of chalk having adhesive properties, or the like.
- the kind, concentration and temperature of the acid and the period of time, during which it is allowed to act on the metal must be so chosen that the acid will not attack the unaifected parts of the steel.
- high grade steels are not attacked in the cold by dilute sulfuric or acetic acid or by nitric acid of any concentration. If anoxidizing acid such as nitric acid is used, if the test is made for free iron, 2. color reagent such as for instance potassium ferrocyanide must be used, which reacts with trivalent iron.
- the concentration of the sulfuric acid may be varied in accordance with the period of time, during which it is allowed to act on the metal.
- the method of determining changes of internal structure or constitution in corrosion resistant alloy steels which may impair the strength and bring about corrosion of the metal comprising treating a place to be tested with an acid which is inert with respect to the uninjured alloy, but capable of laying bare a constituent of the alloy in those places where the original structure of the alloy is defective, and thereafter applying a reagent capable of reacting with this constituent with the formation of a colored compound.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating And Analyzing Materials By Characteristic Methods (AREA)
Description
fa IN ITED"'AS'TATES PATEN Patented July 9, 1935 T OFFICE v EXAMINATION OF HIGH GRADE ALLOYED i I Ekkehard Schauffele, Mannheim-Waldliof, V: 7
Germany No Drawing. ApplicationApril 2.5}1934, Serial No. 722,318. In Germany December 8, 1932 2 Claims.
My invention relates to the examination of metals and moreespecially high grade alloyed steels such as the so-called stainless steel with a view to ascertaining defective places. It is an object of my invention to provide means whereby the tracing of such defects is greatly simplified and facilitated. 1
As is well known to those skilled in the art, articles (including tools, vessels etc.) consisting 'of a high grade alloyed steel frequently possess a reduced resistivity against chemical and other influences in certain places, more especially at the welding scams or in places where they have-been subjected to changes of form in cold condition. For instance if during the welding operation certain precautionary measures are not sufiiciently observed, a change of the structure will arise at the welding seams, which may cause premature corrosion of the welded points, as distinguished from the material surrounding these places,
whereby the vesse1,tool or other apparatus may become altogether unfit for further use. It is therefore customary to examine the resistivity of such welding seams against corrosion according to certain methods enabling the operator to ascertain, before the apparatus or the like is put-to use, whether the condition of the welding seams involves danger'tc the apparatus as a whole. One of the methods particularly adapted for such examination and mostly in use is the so-called coption not only avoids these drawbacks, but it also altogether harmless, simple and applicable in the shortest possible time. It consists in the marking of the changes of structure by the production of colored compounds with the constituents of the alloy, which are exposed at the places, where the metal structure has undergone changes, but not in the unaffected steel. .The iron and nickel constituents of the alloy produce particularly good color reactions, since solutions of these metals can be traced easily and unambiguously for instance by means of compounds of complex iron compounds of the hydrocyanic acid such as potassium ferrocyanide or ferricyanide or by means of potassium thiocyanate and other thiocyanates or of dimethylglyoxime, etc.
In the practice of the new method the suspicious places are first treated with an acid and after removal of the acid by washing the color reagents are applied.
In accordance with a preferred form of my invention I apply these reagents under the form of a moist strip of paper or other tissue imbibed with the reagent in question or under the form of pastes or solutions capable of adhering to the places to be examined. I may for instance prepare such pastes or solutions by incorporating the color reagents in solutions, preferably aqueous or containing water, of gelatine, water glass glue or the like, or in a suspension of chalk having adhesive properties, or the like.
Obviously the kind, concentration and temperature of the acid and the period of time, during which it is allowed to act on the metal, must be so chosen that the acid will not attack the unaifected parts of the steel. As is well known, high grade steels are not attacked in the cold by dilute sulfuric or acetic acid or by nitric acid of any concentration. If anoxidizing acid such as nitric acid is used, if the test is made for free iron, 2. color reagent such as for instance potassium ferrocyanide must be used, which reacts with trivalent iron.
By proceeding in this manner all defective places of the material to be examined are rendered visible by a distinct color reaction, in contradistinction to the non-affected parts, which do not react with the reagent.
In practicing my invention I may for instance proceed as follows:
About grams potassium ferricyanide or a corresponding quantity of some other suitable color reagent are admixed under stirring to one litre of a hot highly viscous 20% solution of gela- I tine which at ordinary temperature has a jellylike consistency. The place of the alloyed steel to be examined is carefully freed from all impurities, which may for instance have remained over from the working tools. It is then exposed for about 10 minutes to the action of dilute sulfuric acid, for instance a 20% acid, whereupon it is freed from all but the last trace of the acid with I the aid of cleaning wool or cloth. The place is then covered by means of a brush free from iron with the testing preparation, which has preferably been slightly heated. The defective places will be copied in the preparation adhering to the metal under the form of a dark blue color precipitate.
The concentration of the sulfuric acid may be varied in accordance with the period of time, during which it is allowed to act on the metal.
Various changes may be made in the details disclosed in the foregoing specification without departing from the invention or sacrificing the advantages thereof.
I claim:-
1. The method of determining changes of internal structure or constitution in corrosion resistant alloy steels which may impair the strength and bring about corrosion of the metal, comprising treating a place to be tested with an acid which is inert with respect to the uninjured alloy, but capable of laying bare a constituent of the alloy in those places where the original structure of the alloy is defective, and thereafter applying a reagent capable of reacting with this constituent with the formation of a colored compound.
2. The method of determining changes of internal structure or constitution in welding seams of articles made from corrosion resistant alloy steels which may impair the strength and bring about corrosion of the metal, comprising treating such a welding seam to be tested with an acid which is inert with respect to the uninjured alloy,
but capable of laying bare a constituent of the
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2007285X | 1932-12-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2007285A true US2007285A (en) | 1935-07-09 |
Family
ID=7951029
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US722318A Expired - Lifetime US2007285A (en) | 1932-12-08 | 1934-04-25 | Examination of high grade alloyed steels |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2007285A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2959471A (en) * | 1957-12-04 | 1960-11-08 | United Aircraft Corp | Acid etch inspection process |
| US3198715A (en) * | 1962-12-12 | 1965-08-03 | Union Carbide Corp | Test for determining corrosion resistance of stainless steel |
| US3652226A (en) * | 1969-12-31 | 1972-03-28 | Gen Electric | Anodic inhibitor-color method for detecting cracks in metal bodies |
| US3652225A (en) * | 1969-12-31 | 1972-03-28 | Gen Electric | Color method for detecting cracks in metal bodies |
| US3652224A (en) * | 1969-12-31 | 1972-03-28 | Gen Electric | Method for detecting cracks in metal bodies |
| US5795712A (en) * | 1994-06-06 | 1998-08-18 | Marvic Ltd. | Compositions for use in methods for non-destructive testing of materials and wares |
| US20110263032A1 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2011-10-27 | The Commonwealth Of Australia | Testing Mechanical Hardware for Wear and a Composition |
-
1934
- 1934-04-25 US US722318A patent/US2007285A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2959471A (en) * | 1957-12-04 | 1960-11-08 | United Aircraft Corp | Acid etch inspection process |
| US3198715A (en) * | 1962-12-12 | 1965-08-03 | Union Carbide Corp | Test for determining corrosion resistance of stainless steel |
| US3652226A (en) * | 1969-12-31 | 1972-03-28 | Gen Electric | Anodic inhibitor-color method for detecting cracks in metal bodies |
| US3652225A (en) * | 1969-12-31 | 1972-03-28 | Gen Electric | Color method for detecting cracks in metal bodies |
| US3652224A (en) * | 1969-12-31 | 1972-03-28 | Gen Electric | Method for detecting cracks in metal bodies |
| US5795712A (en) * | 1994-06-06 | 1998-08-18 | Marvic Ltd. | Compositions for use in methods for non-destructive testing of materials and wares |
| US6087179A (en) * | 1994-06-06 | 2000-07-11 | Marvic Ltd. | Method for non-destructive testing of materials and wares |
| US20110263032A1 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2011-10-27 | The Commonwealth Of Australia | Testing Mechanical Hardware for Wear and a Composition |
| EP2376901A4 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2012-06-06 | Commw Of Australia | CONTROLLING THE WEAR OF A MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT AND COMPOSITION |
| US9335272B2 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2016-05-10 | The Commonwealth Of Australia | Testing mechanical hardware for wear and a composition |
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