US20070246410A1 - Device for the Continuous Electrochemical Deionisation with Integrated Membrane Unit - Google Patents

Device for the Continuous Electrochemical Deionisation with Integrated Membrane Unit Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070246410A1
US20070246410A1 US11/696,474 US69647407A US2007246410A1 US 20070246410 A1 US20070246410 A1 US 20070246410A1 US 69647407 A US69647407 A US 69647407A US 2007246410 A1 US2007246410 A1 US 2007246410A1
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Prior art keywords
module
ultrafiltration
electrodeionisation
diluate
modules
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Abandoned
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US11/696,474
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English (en)
Inventor
Jurgen Johann
Thomas Menzel
Monique Bissen
Thomas Schramm
Christian Brand
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Christ Water Technology AG
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WP Engineering Ltd
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Assigned to WP ENGINEERING LIMITED reassignment WP ENGINEERING LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BISSEN, MINIQUE, JOHANN, JURGEN, BRAND, CHRISTIAN, MENZEL, THOMAS, SCHRAMM, THOMAS
Publication of US20070246410A1 publication Critical patent/US20070246410A1/en
Assigned to CHRIST WATER TECHNOLOGY AG reassignment CHRIST WATER TECHNOLOGY AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WP ENGINEERING LIMITED
Priority to US13/626,094 priority Critical patent/US8652326B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/58—Multistep processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
    • B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
    • B01D61/46—Apparatus therefor
    • B01D61/48—Apparatus therefor having one or more compartments filled with ion-exchange material, e.g. electrodeionisation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B01D63/024—Hollow fibre modules with a single potted end
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B01D63/024—Hollow fibre modules with a single potted end
    • B01D63/0241—Hollow fibre modules with a single potted end being U-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/10—Spiral-wound membrane modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/08—Flow guidance means within the module or the apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/24—Specific pressurizing or depressurizing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/145—Ultrafiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a new device for the continuous electrochemical desalination and filtration of aqueous solutions which s in the form of a spiral wound module.
  • Spiral wound modules for electrodeionisation in which both the aqueous electrolyte solution to be desalinated and the concentrate are guided tangentially (i.e. from the outer casing surface spirally towards the inside to the centre or vice versa) are described for instance in EP-A-0 570 341.
  • Spiral wound modules for electrodeionisation in which the concentrate is guided tangentially but the electrolyte to be desalinated is guided axially (i.e. from one front side of the module to the other front side) are described in WO-A-2004/101119 and in U.S. Pat. No. 6,190,528.
  • a continuous electrochemical desalination in which cation and anion exchange membranes are arranged alternatingly between two electrodes, cathode and anode.
  • the space between two adjacent membranes each defines a dilution chamber or a concentrate chamber, respectively.
  • the dilution chamber is filled with either ion exchange resin and/or ion conductive material to define the chamber geometry.
  • the concentrate chamber is formed from a mesh of plastic (spacer) and/or ion conductive material (e.g. ion exchange resin).
  • the number of dilution and concentrate chambers can vary from a repeating unit to a plurality (technically designed max. 36). The respective designed possibilities to seal individual chambers against the outside can be seen in the quoted specifications.
  • the dilution chamber or dilution chambers are passed through in a single passage, while the concentrate side can be passed through in a single or repeated passage depending on the mode of operation.
  • the distribution of the inflowing water in the module onto the individual chambers is achieved via internal distribution systems.
  • the influx and efflux openings of the individual chambers are shaped such that no ion exchanger grain and no bigger fragments of the ion exchanger grain can be flushed out of the chambers. This can be effected e.g. by introducing a resin safety mesh.
  • the separation limit of the mesh is at around 200 ⁇ m. Smaller particles may pass through the mesh and thus reach the subsequent process stages of the water treatment, together with the product water.
  • Microorganisms from process stages upstream of the electrodeionisation module may also be regarded as particles, since the process of water treatment, e.g. for the pharmaceutical, microelectronic, or power plant industry, is, from an economic point of view, not carried out under sterile conditions.
  • a membrane module such as an ultrafiltration module, is often connected in series downstream of the electrodeionisation module.
  • the packing density of the ion exchange resin in the dilution chamber has a favorable effect on the achievable quality (residual conductivity) of the product water.
  • the packing density of the ion exchanger can in turn be influenced via the internal pressure (not the pressure drop) in the electrodeionisation module.
  • an adjustable pressure-maintaining valve was provided downstream of the electrodeionisation module but upstream of the membrane module, whereby an appropriate counter pressure was applied to the product water side (diluate) of the electrodeionisation module.
  • this counter pressure was typically selected between about 0.5 and 1 bars; for spiral wound modules where the flow of the electrolyte is guided axially, this counter pressure was typically selected at around 0.3 to 3 bars.
  • a device for the electrodeionisation of an aqueous electrolyte solution comprising an electrodeionisation module, an ultrafiltration module and a connection piece which connects the electrodeionisation module and the ultrafiltration module such as to be able to guide a diluate produced from said electrolyte solution during operation of said device in said electrodeionisation module from said electrodeionisation module to said ultrafiltration module; wherein said connection piece comprises no adjustable pressure-maintaining valve.
  • an ultrafiltration module which is situated downstream of the electrodeionisation module, is not only suitable for separating ion exchanger residues and bacteria from the diluate but also simultaneously serves for producing the counter pressure behind the electrodeionisation module, which is important for maintaining the packing density of the ion exchanger in the electrodeionisation module.
  • the ultrafiltration modules do not produce a constant, predictable counter pressure; in the course of their operation they gradually become clogged with filter residues and thus produce behind the electrodeionisation module a counter pressure increasing in time.
  • Using the ultrafiltration modules as counter pressure producing means obviates the need to install a pressure-maintaining valve in or downstream of the electrodeionisation module, or upstream of or in the ultrafiltration module.
  • Electrodeionisation module is understood as any electrochemical cell, comprising:
  • an electrolyte solution-filled or electrolyte solution-flowed through cathode compartment having a cathode and a cation exchanger membrane, the cation exchanger membrane forming one of the spatial limitations of the cathode compartment, and wherein the electrolyte solution ( catholyte) which fills or flows through the cathode compartment contacts the cathode and the cation exchanger membrane;
  • an electrolyte solution-filled or electrolyte solution-flowed through anode compartment having an anode and an anion exchanger membrane, the anion exchanger membrane forming one of the spatial limitations of the anode compartment, and wherein the electrolyte solution ( anolyte) which fills or flows through the anode compartment contacts the anode and the anion exchanger membrane; and
  • the intermediate compartment may be subdivided into subcompartments by further cation and anion exchanger membranes located therein in pairs and arranged spaced apart from each other. All cation and anion exchanger membranes which limit and optionally subdivide the intermediate compartment are arranged in alternating order, when viewed along the gradient of the electrical field.
  • an ion exchange resin preferably a mixed bed ion exchange resin, or with an ion conductive material
  • the electrolyte solution present in the cathode compartment a) and the anode compartment b) is also concentrated with electrolytes during the electrochemical operation, hence they are also “concentrate chambers”.
  • the electrolyte solution in a diluate chamber contacts both ion exchanger membranes limiting the diluate chamber and is separated from the electrolyte solution of an adjacent concentrate chamber by at least one such ion exchanger membrane.
  • Preferred examples of electrodeionisation modules that can be used according to the invention are the plate modules and spiral wound modules mentioned above.
  • plate modules the concentrate and diluate chambers are all passed through in parallel flow without being interconnected.
  • a spiral wound module the outlet of each concentrate chamber (viewed in the direction of the gradient of the electrical field) is directly connected to the inlet of a next concentrate chamber (i.e. the cation exchanger or anion exchanger membrane, respectively, of one concentrate chamber is seamlessly connected with the cation exchanger or anion exchanger membrane, respectively, of the next concentrate chamber), and inlets and outlets for the concentrate are only provided in the anode compartment b) and in the cathode compartment a).
  • the outlet of a diluate chamber is directly connected with the inlet of a next diluate chamber (viewed in the direction of the gradient of the electrical field), and an inlet for the electrolyte solution to be desalinated is provided only in the one outermost diluate chamber and the outlet for the diluate only in the other opposite outermost diluate chamber.
  • spiral wound modules More preferred are spiral wound modules, and particularly preferred are spiral wound modules wherein the flow directions in the concentrate chambers on the one hand and the aqueous electrolyte solution to be desalinated in the diluate chambers on the other hand overcross each other; and whereby the flow direction in the diluate chambers runs in parallel to the winding axis of the spiral wound module, i.e. axially.
  • ultrafiltration module is understood as any filter capable of removing microorganisms by filtration from an aqueous solution.
  • ultrafiltration modules typically contain at least one semipermeable membrane made of a polymer having an adequate pore size.
  • polymers are for instance polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene or poly(4-methylpentene-1); polysulphones; polyethersulphones; aromatic polyamides; polyimides; polyamides-imides; or fluorine-containing polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoro-propylene, copolymers of hexafluoropropylene, and tetrafluoropropylene.
  • An ultrafiltration module to be used according to the invention preferably contains the semipermeable membrane in the form of a plurality of hollow fibers.
  • the hollow fibers preferably have a pore width of about 0.01 to about 0.2 ⁇ m, more preferably of about 0.05 to about 0.2 ⁇ m. They preferably have an inner diameter of about 10 to about 200 ⁇ m, more preferably of about 50 to about 150 ⁇ m.
  • the total membrane surface, which is formed in such an ultrafiltration module by all hollow fibers, is preferably about 0.01 to about 3 m 2 , more preferably about 0.05 to about 1.5 m 2 .
  • the manufacture of hollow fibers with the abovementioned desired characteristics has been known per se for a long time; reference is made by example only to the paragraph “Hollow Fiber Membranes” in “Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology”, 3 rd edition, John Wiley & Sons 12:492-517 (1984).
  • Ultrafiltration modules with hollow fibers of the above-described type are known from the household, such as filters in water taps (see e.g. WO-A-02/076589 or U.S. Pat. No. 5,045,198).
  • the aqueous solution to be filtered is guided into the ultrafiltration module via an inlet opening and can either enter from the outer space of the hollow fibers into their lumen, or exit from the lumen of the hollow fiber into the outer space; the former is preferred.
  • the hollow fibers can run in the longitudinal direction in the ultrafiltration module (such as parallel to a longitudinal axis of the ultrafiltration module), such that they therein form a straight bundle.
  • the hollow fibers are bent into a U-shape inside the ultrafiltration module and point with their open ends towards the filtrate side of the ultrafiltration module.
  • the diluate to be filtered, coming from the electrodeionisation module is guided into the interior of the ultrafiltration module and enters the hollow fibers, as mentioned above as preferable.
  • both ends of each hollow fiber point to the filtrate side of the ultrafiltration module both ends form an outlet for the filtrate.
  • the filtrate exiting the hollow fibers can be removed from the ultrafiltration module via an adequate outlet opening which is hydraulically connected to the ends of the hollow fibers.
  • connection piece connecting the electrodeionisation module and the ultrafiltration module such as to be able to guide the diluate produced from the electrolyte solution in said electrodeionisation module during the operation of said device from said electrodeionisation module to said ultrafiltration module
  • any assembly part that can carry out such a function examples of these are pipes, conduits, tubes or connecting pieces; or also a mounting or bracket part for the electrodeionisation module and/or the ultrafiltration module(s) which simultaneously has means for guiding the diluate (such as inner openings or channels).
  • Such a mounting or bracket part may preferably also comprise a collection system which collects the diluate exiting from a plurality of outlet openings of the electrodeionisation module and transfers it in one single conduit to the ultrafiltration module; it may also contain a distribution system, which evenly distributes the diluate coming from the electrodeionisation module to a plurality of ultrafiltration units connected in parallel.
  • adjustable pressure-maintaining valve is understood as a valve whose interior pressure drop can be variably adjusted.
  • the device according to the invention does not comprise such a pressure-maintaining valve in the connection piece, and preferably it is also devoid of such a pressure-maintaining valve inside the electrodeionisation module and also inside the ultrafiltration module. If the device according to the invention has a plurality of ultrafiltration modules and correspondingly possibly a plurality of connection pieces connecting the electrodeionisation module and each of these ultrafiltration modules, then none of these connection pieces and none of the ultrafiltration modules contain such a valve.
  • cavities or recesses are “hydraulically connected” if they allow the passage of liquid from one cavity to the other cavity without leaking that liquid and without appreciable pressure drop.
  • the manufacture of the device according to the invention is according to the art since the used electrodeionisation modules and ultrafiltration modules are known per se.
  • the hydraulic connection of the above-described connecting piece with the ultrafiltration modules and with the collection system of the spiral wound module may be carried out by glueing, welding or by a screw tube fitting, depending on the pair of materials involved.
  • a further possibility of connecting the ultrafiltration modules with the connecting piece in an outer housing pipe is by using one or more tie-rods.
  • the ultrafiltration modules in the corresponding openings of the connecting element are sealed by elastomer seals.
  • the flow guidance in the device according to the invention thus results from a connection on the influx side, an optional integrated distribution system in the connecting piece (which distributes the diluate onto the ultrafiltration modules), the flowing in parallel through the individual ultrafiltration modules, and an optional integrated collection system in an optional filter holding plate (which collects the filtrate exiting from the ultrafiltration modules).
  • the correct spacing between the connecting piece and the filter holding plate may be achieved, if desired, by rods or distance supports.
  • the remaining clearance in the combination of connecting piece/ultrafiltration units/filter holding plates/optional distance supports is not flowed through and is designed as an air space.
  • the individual ultrafiltration modules are typically flowed through at a volume flow of 100 1/h to 600 1/h, preferably of 250 to 400 1/h.
  • the number of ultrafiltration modules to be incorporated therefore results from the integral quotient of the nominal volume flow of the electrodeionisation module and the preferred volume flow of each ultrafiltration module (i.e. for e.g. 500 1/h 2 pieces and for 10001/h at least 3 pieces).
  • Hydraulically connecting the above-described connecting element and the filter holding plate with the ultrafiltration units and the collection system of the electrodeionisation module can be performed with a seal ring having an integrated O-ring seal.
  • the electrodeionisation module is preferably surrounded by a reinforced plastic casing or a steel or stainless steel pipe.
  • the device according to the invention comprising (or particularly consisting of) an electrodeionisation module, ultrafiltration modules, the connecting piece and a filter holding plate, is surrounded by a reinforced plastic casing or a steel or stainless steel pipe having a fixed flange.
  • the connection of the electrodeionisation module and the device is done by screwing the flange lid and the fixed flange together.
  • the devices according to the invention are suitable for the electrodeionisation of raw waters usually employed for this purpose. These are, for example, natural raw waters, tap water or sea water. These all contain certain proportions of dissolved salts, dissociated in ions and are therefore all electrolytes.
  • the raw water is previously partly desalinated and/or softened, such as by an upstream reverse osmosis step.
  • the raw water, i.e. the electrolyte to be desalinated may also previously have been subjected to a germicidal treatment, for instance through UV radiation, a treatment with ozone, chlorine or hypochlorite; it may also have been subjected beforehand to filtration for removing airborne particles and/or microorganisms.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention, showing at the top again the connecting piece used therein in a plan view;
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of the device according to the invention, showing at the bottom left again the connecting piece used therein in a plan view;
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show the results of comparative tests concerning the formation and quality of the diluate in a prior art device and the device according to embodiment 1, respectively.
  • a spiral wound module is employed as electrodeionisation module 1, in which the electrolyte solution to be desalinated and the concentrate are guided tangentially through the spirally wound diluate and concentrate chambers. It is designed for a nominal capacity of typically about 400 to about 700 1/h of electrolyte solution to be deionised.
  • the hydraulic and electrical connections of the spiral wound module are not shown here.
  • This embodiment has two ultrafiltration modules 21 , 22 (hollow fiber membrane filters). They are commercially available legionella filters fitted with hollow fiber membranes having an exclusion limit of about 100000 daltons. The hollow fibers are bent in a U-shape (see preceding general description). The two ultrafiltration units are held on their sides facing the spiral wound module by a connecting piece 3 .
  • the connecting piece 3 (shown again in the upper part of the Figure in a plan view, seen from the ultrafiltration modules 21 , 22 ) has an opening 6 , which guides the diluate from the spiral wound module to the two ultrafiltration units 21 , 22 .
  • Running inside the connecting piece 3 is a channel 7 , hydraulically connecting the sockets 211 , 221 of the two ultrafiltration units 21 , 22 and thus forming a distribution system which distributes the diluate passing through opening 6 onto the two ultrafiltration units 21 , 22 .
  • connecting piece 3 and filter holding plate 4 two distance supports 81 , 82 made of chromium steel are present.
  • the combination of connecting piece 3 , ultrafiltration units 21 , 22 , filter holding plate 4 , housing pipe 5 and distance supports 81 , 82 is cut along section plane A-A′ in FIG. 1 ; the location of which is indicated in connecting piece 3 shown again above. Due to the location of section plane A-A′ only one ultrafiltration module 22 and only one distance support 81 is visible in FIG. 1 ; for this reason channel 7 is not visible in this sectional view.
  • bores 211 , 221 are provided for accommodating the ultrafiltration modules; also, in filter plate 4 corresponding bores (only one with reference numeral 222 being visible) are contained.
  • the ultrafiltration modules 21 , 22 may be fixedly connected in the individual bores 211 , 221 , 222 with the connecting piece 3 and the filter plate 4 through bonding or welding or by means of seal rings.
  • the flow of the diluate exiting the spiral wound module occurs through opening 6 , through said distribution system in the connecting element 3 , through the two ultrafiltration modules 21 , 22 in parallel connection and then, optionally, through a corresponding collection system (not shown in the Figure), incorporated into the filter holding plate, and then via an also optional adapter, which is not shown in the Figure.
  • the space between connecting piece 3 and filter holding plate 4 outside ultrafiltration modules 21 , 22 and housing pipe 5 is not flowed through and is designed as an air space.
  • the inlets and outlets for the concentrate, the influxes for the electrolyte solution to be desalinated and the electrical connections are not shown in the Figure; they would be present outside the housing pipe 5 on the front side of the device.
  • the entire device according to embodiment 1 can be incorporated in a preferably cylindrical casing element 9 .
  • This embodiment of the device according to the invention is designed for a nominal capacity of typically about 2500 to about 3300 1/h of electrolyte solution to be deionised. It contains as the electrodeionisation module 1 a spiral wound module, wherein the diluate and concentrate are guided in cross-flow (with the diluate being guided axially).
  • P indicates the axial influxes of the electrolyte solution to be desalinated (“P” stands for permeate, since the electrolyte being supplied is preferably already the permeate of an partially desalinating reverse osmosis being located upstream).
  • D indicates the axial effluxes of the diluate.
  • the diluate outlets D of the electrodeionisation module 1 lead into a connecting piece 10 (for instance made of a polyoxymethylene copolymer) having a collection space 11 and nine openings for the diluate exiting the electrodeionisation module 1 (only one of these is shown with reference numeral 101 ). Each of the nine openings is drilled and shaped such that one ultrafiltration module can be inserted in each of them using one seal ring each (for instance made of EPDM rubber or NBR).
  • a connecting piece 10 for instance made of a polyoxymethylene copolymer
  • the nine ultrafiltration modules in total (only three of these are shown with reference numerals 1201 , 1202 , 1203 ) are commercially available legionella filters, fitted with hollow fiber membranes having an exclusion limit of 100000 daltons.
  • the hollow fibers are bent in a U-shape (see preceding general description).
  • the nominal maximum passage volume of each ultrafiltration module 1201 , 1202 , 1203 is about 800 1/h.
  • the nine ultrafiltration modules are fitted between connecting piece 10 and a filter holding plate 14 with the aid of six distance supports made of chromium steel (only one of these is shown with reference numeral 13 ).
  • the filter plate 14 in turn has nine openings for the filtered permeate (only one of these is shown with reference numeral 15 ), the ultrafiltration modules being fitted therein by means of seal rings made of EPDM rubber, silicone rubber or NBR.
  • the filter holding plate 14 also has a collection space 16 on its outer side for the filtered diluate. This collection space 16 is shut off through a screwed on flange lid 17 with a central outlet connection 18 .
  • the combination of connecting piece 10 , the nine ultrafiltration modules, the six distance supports and the filter holding plates 14 is shown cut off in the Figure.
  • the connecting piece 10 is shown again in the Figure at the bottom left in a plan view, seem from the ultrafiltration modules; here the location of the section plane A-A′ is indicated, in which said combination is shown cut off.
  • the arrangement of all nine ultrafiltration modules is visible: six of them are arranged in a circular arrangement outside on the connecting piece, the remaining three are arranged in the centre of the connecting piece.
  • the six distance supports are also shown here (only one of the supports, which is visible cut off in the sectional view is indicated again by reference numeral 13 ).
  • the dotted circle 11 indicates the collection space for the diluate exiting the electrodeionisation module 1; the dots indicate that the collection space is on the back of the connecting element 10 .
  • ⁇ is the residual conductivity of the diluate (in ⁇ S/cm);
  • ⁇ is the rate of production of diluate (in 1/h);
  • ⁇ is the pressure in the reverse osmosis permeate fed to the spiral wound module (in bar).
  • ⁇ is the residual conductivity in the reverse osmosis permeate fed to the spiral wound module (in ⁇ S/cm).
  • the device according to embodiment 1 was also fed with permeate from a reverse osmosis.
  • the counter pressure was produced solely by the two ultrafiltration modules 21 , 22 downstream, since no pressure-maintaining valve was present here.
  • a typical potential to the electrodes of the spiral wound module diluate was produced during 288 hours.
  • the measured operating parameters are illustrated in FIG. 4 . As can be seen from FIG. 4 a constant water quality of 0.055-0.056 ⁇ S/cm at a volume flow of 1000 1/h was also achieved.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
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US20150298999A1 (en) * 2014-04-22 2015-10-22 Purewater Therapeutics, LLC Water treatment system
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EP1842580B1 (de) 2013-03-13
US8652326B2 (en) 2014-02-18

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