US20070055510A1 - Concept for bridging the gap between parametric multi-channel audio coding and matrixed-surround multi-channel coding - Google Patents

Concept for bridging the gap between parametric multi-channel audio coding and matrixed-surround multi-channel coding Download PDF

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US20070055510A1
US20070055510A1 US11/323,965 US32396505A US2007055510A1 US 20070055510 A1 US20070055510 A1 US 20070055510A1 US 32396505 A US32396505 A US 32396505A US 2007055510 A1 US2007055510 A1 US 2007055510A1
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signal
channel
parametric data
parametric
deriving
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Johannes Hilpert
Christof Faller
Karsten Linzmeier
Ralph Sperschneider
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority to US11/323,965 priority Critical patent/US20070055510A1/en
Priority to EP18180076.4A priority patent/EP3404656B1/de
Priority to ES06743182.5T priority patent/ES2690278T3/es
Priority to ES18180076T priority patent/ES2952871T3/es
Priority to BRPI0616019-0A priority patent/BRPI0616019B1/pt
Priority to HUE18180076A priority patent/HUE064455T2/hu
Priority to PL06743182T priority patent/PL1908056T3/pl
Priority to RU2008106225/09A priority patent/RU2382418C2/ru
Priority to DK18180076.4T priority patent/DK3404656T3/da
Priority to PCT/EP2006/005971 priority patent/WO2007009548A1/en
Priority to PL18180076.4T priority patent/PL3404656T3/pl
Priority to FIEP18180076.4T priority patent/FI3404656T3/fi
Priority to EP23214132.5A priority patent/EP4307124A3/de
Priority to PT181800764T priority patent/PT3404656T/pt
Priority to EP06743182.5A priority patent/EP1908056B1/de
Priority to EP23214134.1A priority patent/EP4307126A3/de
Priority to PT06743182T priority patent/PT1908056T/pt
Priority to JP2008521820A priority patent/JP5265358B2/ja
Priority to EP23214133.3A priority patent/EP4307125A3/de
Priority to MX2008000828A priority patent/MX2008000828A/es
Priority to KR1020087002860A priority patent/KR100946688B1/ko
Priority to CA2614384A priority patent/CA2614384C/en
Priority to CN2006800259749A priority patent/CN101223578B/zh
Priority to AU2006272127A priority patent/AU2006272127B2/en
Priority to EP23180543.3A priority patent/EP4235440A3/de
Priority to MYPI20062999A priority patent/MY149198A/en
Priority to TW095125971A priority patent/TWI339028B/zh
Priority to US11/458,646 priority patent/US8180061B2/en
Assigned to FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V. reassignment FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FALLER, CHRISTOF, HILPERT, JOHANNES, LINZMEIER, KARSTEN, SPERSCHNEIDER, RALPH
Publication of US20070055510A1 publication Critical patent/US20070055510A1/en
Priority to IL188425A priority patent/IL188425A0/en
Priority to NO20080850A priority patent/NO342863B1/no
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
    • G10L19/008—Multichannel audio signal coding or decoding using interchannel correlation to reduce redundancy, e.g. joint-stereo, intensity-coding or matrixing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S3/00—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic
    • H04S3/02—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic of the matrix type, i.e. in which input signals are combined algebraically, e.g. after having been phase shifted with respect to each other
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
    • G06F12/08—Addressing or allocation; Relocation in hierarchically structured memory systems, e.g. virtual memory systems
    • G06F12/0802—Addressing of a memory level in which the access to the desired data or data block requires associative addressing means, e.g. caches
    • G06F12/0806—Multiuser, multiprocessor or multiprocessing cache systems
    • G06F12/0815—Cache consistency protocols

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to multi-channel audio coding and transmission, and in particular to techniques to encode multi-channel audio in a manner that is fully backwards compatible with stereo devices and formats, allowing for an efficient coding of multi-channel audio.
  • MPEG Moving Pictures Experts Group
  • ISO International Organization for Standardization
  • the left down-mix signal (Lt) consists of the left-front signal (Lf), the centre signal (C) multiplied by a factor q, the left-surround signal (Ls) phase rotated by 90 degrees (j′) and scaled by a factor a, and the right-surround signal (Rs) which is also phase rotated by 90 degrees and scaled by a factor b.
  • the right down-mix signal (Rt) is generated similarly.
  • Typical down-mix factors are 0.707 for q and a, and 0.408 for b.
  • MPEG Surround audio coding An example for a coding method adding helper information, also called side information, is MPEG Surround audio coding.
  • This efficient way for parametric multi-channel audio coding is for example described in “The Reference Model Architecture for MPEG Spatial Audio Coding”, Herre, J., Purnhagen, H., Breebaart, J., Faller, C., Disch, S., Kjoerling, K., Schuijers, E., Hilpert, J., Myburg, F., Proc. 118th AES Convention, Barcelona, Spain, 2005 and in “Text of Working Draft for Spatial Audio Coding (SAC)”, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 (MPEG), Document N7136, Busan, Korea, 2005.
  • SAC Spatial Audio Coding
  • FIG. 6 A schematic overview of an encoder used in spatial audio coding is shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the encoder splits incoming signals 10 (input 1 , . . . input N) in separate time-frequency tiles by means of Quadrature Mirror Filters 12 (QMF). Groups of the resulting frequency tiles (bands) are referred to as “parameter bands”.
  • a number of spatial parameters 14 are determined by a parameter estimator 16 that describes the properties of the spatial image, e.g. level differences between pairs of channels (CLD), cross correlation between pairs of channels (ICC) or information on signal envelopes (CPC).
  • CLD level differences between pairs of channels
  • ICC cross correlation between pairs of channels
  • CPC information on signal envelopes
  • These parameters are subsequently quantized, encoded and compiled jointly into a bit-stream of spatial data. Depending on the operation mode, this bit-stream can cover a wide range of bit-rates, starting from a few kBit/s for good quality multi-channel audio up to tenth
  • the encoder also generates a mono or stereo down-mix from the multi-channel input signal.
  • the user has the choice of a conventional (ITU-style) stereo down-mix or of a down-mix that is compatible with matrixed-surround systems.
  • the stereo down-mix is transferred to the time-domain by means of QMF synthesis banks 18 .
  • the resulting down-mix can be transmitted to a decoder, accompanied by the spatial parameters or the spatial parameter bit-stream 14 .
  • the down-mix is also encoded before transmission (using a conventional mono or stereo core coder), while the bit-streams of the core coder and the spatial parameters might additionally be combined (multiplexed) to form a single output bit-stream.
  • a decoder as sketched in FIG. 7 , in principle performs the reverse process of the encoder.
  • An input-stream is split into a core coder bit-stream and a parameter bit-stream. This is not shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the decoded down-mix 20 is processed by a QMF analysis bank 22 to derive parameter bands that are the same as those applied in the encoder.
  • a spatial synthesis stage 24 reconstructs the multi-channel signal by means of control data 26 (i.e., the transmitted spatial parameters).
  • the QMF-domain signals are transferred to the time domain by means of a QMF synthesis bank 27 that derives the final multi-channel output signals 28 .
  • FIG. 8 shows a simple example of a QMF analysis, as it is performed within the prior art encoder in FIG. 6 and the prior art decoder in FIG. 7 .
  • An audio sample 30 sampled in the time domain and having four sample values is input into a filter bank 32 .
  • the filter bank 32 derives three output samples 34 a, 34 b and 34 c having four sample values each.
  • the filter bank 32 derives the output samples 34 a to 34 c such that the samples within the output signals do only comprise information on discrete frequency ranges of the underlying audio signal 30 .
  • FIG. 8 shows a simple example of a QMF analysis, as it is performed within the prior art encoder in FIG. 6 and the prior art decoder in FIG. 7 .
  • An audio sample 30 sampled in the time domain and having four sample values is input into a filter bank 32 .
  • the filter bank 32 derives three output samples 34 a, 34 b and 34 c having four sample values each.
  • the filter bank 32 derives the output samples 34
  • the sample 34 a has information on the frequency interval ranging from f 0 to f 1
  • the sample 34 b has information of the frequency interval [f 1 , f 2 ]
  • the sample 34 c has information on the frequency interval [f 2 , f 3 ].
  • the frequency intervals in FIG. 8 do not overlap, in a more general case the frequency intervals of the output samples coming out of a filter bank may very well have a frequency overlap.
  • a prior art encoder can, as already described above, deliver either an ITU-style down-mix or a matrixed-surround compatible down-mix, when a two-channel down-mix is desired.
  • a matrixed-surround compatible down-mix using for example the matrixing approach given in Equation 1), one possibility would be that the encoder generates a matrixed-surround compatible down-mix directly.
  • FIG. 9 shows an alternative approach to generate a matrixed-surround compatible down-mix using a down-mix post processing unit 30 working on a regular stereo down-mix 32 .
  • the matrixed-surround processor 30 modifies the regular stereo down-mix 32 to make it matrixed-surround compatible guided by the spatial parameters 14 extracted by the parameter extraction stage 16 .
  • a matrixed-surround compatible down-mix 34 is transferred to the time domain by a QMF synthesis using the QMF synthesis bank 18 .
  • Deriving the matrixed-surround compatible signal by post-processing a regular stereo down-mix has the advantage that the matrixed-surround compatibility processing can be fully reversed at a decoder side if the spatial parameters are available.
  • Matrixed-surround methods are very efficient (since no additional parameters are required) at the price of a very limited multi-channel reconstruction quality.
  • Parametric multi-channel approaches require a higher bit-rate due to the side information, which becomes a problem when a limit is set as a maximum acceptable bitrate for the parametric representation.
  • the encoded parameters require a comparatively high amount of bit-rate, the only possible way to stay within such a bit-rate limit is to decrease the quality of an encoded down-mix channel by increasing the compression of the channel.
  • the result is a general loss in audio quality, which may be unacceptably high.
  • bit-rate that has to be spent when applying the parametric method may be too high in case of certain application scenarios, the audio quality delivered by the methods without transmission of side-information might not be sufficient.
  • the US Patent Application 2005157883 is showing an apparatus for constructing a multi-channel audio signal using an input signal and parametric side information, the input signal including the first input channel and the second input channel derived from an original multi-channel signal, and the parametric side information describing interrelations between channels of the multi-channel original signal.
  • this object is achieved by a multi-channel audio decoder for processing an audio signal and for processing first parametric data describing a first portion of a multi-channel signal, wherein for a second portion of the multi-channel signal no parametric data or second parametric data is processed, the second parametric data requiring less information units than the first parametric data when describing an identical portion of the multi-channel signal, comprising: a processor for deriving an intermediate signal from the audio signal, using a first deriving rule for deriving a first portion of the intermediate signal, the first portion of the intermediate signal corresponding to the first portion of the multi-channel audio signal, wherein the first deriving rule is depending on the first parametric data; and using a second deriving rule for deriving a second portion of the intermediate signal, the second deriving rule using no parametric data or the second parametric data.
  • this object is achieved by a multi-channel encoder for generating a parametric representation describing spatial properties of a multi-channel audio signal
  • the multi-channel encoder comprising: a parameter generator for generating spatial parameters; an output interface for generating the parametric representation, wherein the parameter generator or the output interface is adapted to generate the parametric representation such that the parametric representation includes first parametric data for a first portion of the multi-channel signal and wherein for a second portion of the multi-channel signal no parametric data or second parametric data is included in the parametric representation, the second parametric data requiring less information units than the first parametric data when describing an identical portion of the multi-channel signal.
  • this object is achieved by a method for processing an audio signal and for processing first parametric data describing a first portion of a multi-channel signal, wherein for a second portion of the multi-channel signal no parametric data or second parametric data is processed, the second parametric data requiring less information units than the first parametric data when describing an identical portion of the multi-channel signal, the method comprising: deriving an intermediate signal from the down-mix signal using a first deriving rule depending on the first parametric data for deriving a first portion of the intermediate signal, the first portion of the intermediate signal corresponding to the first portion of the multi-channel audio signal; and deriving a second portion of the intermediate signal using a second deriving rule, the second deriving rule using the second parametric data or no parametric data.
  • this object is achieved by a method for generating a parametric representation describing spatial properties of a multi-channel audio signal, the method comprising: generating spatial parameters; and generating the parametric representation such that the parametric representation includes first parametric data for a first portion of the multi-channel signal and wherein for a second portion of the multi-channel signal no parametric data or second parametric data is included in the parametric representation, the second parametric data requiring less information units than the first parametric data when describing an identical portion of the multi-channel signal.
  • this object is achieved by a parametric representation describing spatial properties of a multi-channel audio signal, the parametric representation including first parametric data for a first portion of the multi-channel signal and wherein the parametric representation is including no parametric data or second parametric data for a second portion of the multi-channel signal, the second parametric data requiring less information units than the first parametric data for an identical portion of the multi-channel signal.
  • this object is achieved by a computer program having a program code for performing, when running on a computer, a method for processing an audio signal and for processing first parametric data describing a first portion of a multi-channel signal, wherein for a second portion of the multi-channel signal no parametric data or second parametric data is processed, the second parametric data requiring less information units than the first parametric data when describing an identical portion of the multi-channel signal, the method comprising: deriving an intermediate signal from the down-mix signal using a first deriving rule depending on the first parametric data for deriving a first portion of the intermediate signal, the first portion of the intermediate signal corresponding to the first portion of the multi-channel audio signal; and deriving a second portion of the intermediate signal using a second deriving rule, the second deriving rule using the second parametric data or no parametric data.
  • this object is achieved by a computer program having a program code for performing, when running on a computer, a method for generating a parametric representation describing spatial properties of a multi-channel audio signal, the method comprising: generating spatial parameters; and generating the parametric representation such that the parametric representation includes first parametric data for a first portion of the multi-channel signal and wherein for a second portion of the multi-channel signal no parametric data or second parametric data is included in the parametric representation, the second parametric data requiring less information units than the first parametric data when describing an identical portion of the multi-channel signal.
  • a transcoder for generating a parametric representation of a multi-channel audio signal using spatial parameters describing the spatial properties of the multi-channel audio signal, comprising: a parameter generator to generate the parametric representation such that the parametric representation includes first parametric data being derived from the spatial parameters for a first portion of the multi-channel signal and wherein for a second portion of the multi-channel signal no parametric data or second parametric data is included in the parametric representation, the second parametric data requiring less information units than the first parametric data when describing an identical portion of the multi-channel signal.
  • the present invention is based on the finding that a multi-channel audio signal can be efficiently represented by a parametric representation, when a first deriving rule is used for deriving first parametric data of the parametric representation describing a first portion of the multi-channel signal, and when for a second portion of the multi-channel signal second parametric data or no parametric data is included in the parametric representation, whereas the second parametric data is requiring less information units than the first parametric data when describing an identical portion of the multi-channel signal.
  • a first portion of the multi channel signal is represented by first parameters allowing for a reconstruction of the multi channel signal with higher quality and a second portion can be represented by second parameters allowing for a reconstruction with slightly lower quality.
  • the bit-rate consumed by the first parametric data is consequently higher than the bit rate consumed by the second parametric data when both parametric data is to describe the same portion of a multi-channel signal.
  • the first parameters require more bit rate per signal portion than the second parameters.
  • the purpose of the invention is to bridge the gap between both prior art worlds by gradually improving the sound of the up-mix signal while raising the bit-rate consumed by the side-information starting from 0 up to the bit-rates of the parametric methods. That is, the present invention aims at bridging the gap in bit-rates and perceptual quality between fully parametric methods and matrixed-surround methods. More specifically, it provides a method of flexibly choosing an “operating point” somewhere between matrixed-surround (no side-information, limited audio quality) and fully parametric reconstruction (full side-information rate required, good quality). This operating point can be chosen dynamically (i.e. varying in time) and in response to the permissible side-information rate, as it is dictated by the individual application.
  • the demanded bit-rate can be varied within a broad range. Representing major parts of a multi-channel signal by the spatial audio parameters will consume a comparatively high bit-rate at the benefit of a good perceptual quality. Since for the second portion of the multi-channel audio signal a parameter deriving rule is chosen that results in parameters consuming less bit-rate, the resulting total bit-rate can be decreased by increasing the size of the second portion of the multi-channel signal. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, no parametric data at all is transmitted for the second portion of the multi-channel signal, which is of course most bit-saving. Therefore, by dynamically shifting the size of the first portion with respect to the size of the second portion, the bit-rate (or the perceptual quality) can be dynamically adjusted to the needs.
  • a down-mix signal is derived in a matrix compatible way. Therefore, the first portion of the multi-channel audio signal can be reproduced with high perceptual quality using the spatial audio parameters and the second portion of the multi-channel signal can be reproduced using matrix-based solutions. This allows for a high-quality reproduction of parts of the signals requiring higher quality. At the same time, the overall bit-rate is decreased by relying on a matrix-based reproduction for signal parts less vital for the quality of a reproduced signal.
  • the inventive concept is applied on the decoder side within a QMF representation of a received down-mix signal.
  • the up-mixing process can principally be sub-divided into three steps:
  • Both, the pre-de-correlator matrix as well as the mixed-matrix are two-dimensional matrices with the dimensions “number of time slots” on the one hand and “number of parameter bands” on the other hand.
  • the elements of these matrices are filled up with values that are derived from the parameters read from the spatial bit-stream, i.e. by the first parametric data.
  • the first parametric data is only received for a first portion of the multi-channel signal, only that portion of a reconstruction of a multi-channel signal can be derived using the first parametric data submitted.
  • the matrix elements for deriving the second part of the reconstruction of the multi-channel signal are, according to the present invention, derived using matrix compatible coding schemes. These matrix elements can therefore either be derived based only on knowledge achieved from the down-mix signal or be replaced by pre-defined values.
  • a multi-channel audio decoder recognizes by the amount of the transmitted first parametric data, which part of the matrix or which part of the multi-channel audio signal is to be processed by the rule depending on the spatial parameters and which part is to be processed by the matrix based solution.
  • an audio encoder creates window information, indicating which parts of a multi-channel signal are being processed by the matrix based solution or by the spatial audio compatible approach.
  • the window information is included in the parametric representation of a multi-channel signal.
  • An inventive decoder therefore, is able to receive and to process the window information created to apply the appropriate up-mixing rules on the portions of the multi-channel audio signal indicated by the window information.
  • the inventive concept is applied in the QMF domain during the signal processing, i.e. in a domain where the signals are represented by multiple representations each representation holding information on a certain frequency band.
  • the side-information free method (matrix based approach) is applied only to the higher frequency parts while applying (explicit) parametric information (i.e. the first encoding and decoding rule) for a proper reproduction of the low-frequency parts.
  • This is advantageous due to the property of the human hearing to notice small deviations of two similar signals (e.g. phase deviations) a lot easier for low frequencies than for high frequencies.
  • a great benefit of the present invention is that a backwards compatibility of a spatial audio encoding and decoding scheme with matrix based solutions is achieved without having to introduce additional hard- or software when the encoding and decoding rules of the spatial audio coders are chosen appropriately.
  • the coding scheme according to the present invention is furthermore extremely flexible, as it allows a seamless adjustment of the bit-rate or the quality, i.e. a smooth transition between full matrix based coding to full spatial audio coding of a given signal. That is, the coding scheme applied can be adjusted to the actual needs, either with respect to the required bit-rate or with respect to the desired quality.
  • FIG. 1 shows an inventive encoder
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of a parameter bit-stream created by the inventive concept
  • FIG. 2 a shows an inventive transcoder
  • FIG. 3 shows an inventive decoder
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of a spatial audio decoder implementing the inventive concept
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the use of the different coding schemes on a decoder side
  • FIG. 6 shows a prior art encoder
  • FIG. 7 shows a prior art decoder
  • FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a filterbank
  • FIG. 9 shows a further example of a prior art encoder.
  • FIG. 1 shows an inventive multi-channel encoder.
  • the multi-channel encoder 100 is having a parameter generator 102 and an output interface 104 .
  • a multi-channel audio signal 106 is input into the encoder 100 , where a first portion 108 and a second portion 110 of the multi-channel signal 106 are processed.
  • the parameter generator 102 receives the first portion 108 and the second portion 110 and derives spatial parameters describing spatial properties of the multi-channel signal 106 .
  • the spatial parameters are transferred to the output interface 104 that derives a parametric representation 112 of the multi-channel signal 106 such that the parametric representation 112 includes first parametric data for a first portion 108 of the multi-channel signal and wherein for a second portion 110 of the multi-channel signal 106 second parametric data requiring less information than the first parametric data or no parametric data is included in the parametric representation 112 .
  • the parameter generator 102 can apply two different parameter deriving rules on the first portion 108 and on the second portion 110 that result in different parameter sets that are then transferred to the output interface 104 that combines the different parameter sets into the parametric representation 112 .
  • a special and preferred case is that for the second portion 110 no parameters are included in the parametric representation (and therefore not derived by the parameter generator 102 ) since on a decoder side the decoder derives the required decoding parameters by some heuristic rules.
  • the parameter generator 102 derives a full set of spatial audio parameters as well for the first portion 108 as for the second portion 110 .
  • the output interface 104 would have to process the spatial parameters such that the second parametric data require less bits than the first parametric data.
  • the output interface 104 could add an additional window signal to the parametric representation 112 that shall signal to a decoder, how the multi-channel signal 106 was split into the first portion 108 and into the second portion 110 during the encoding.
  • the multi-channel encoder 100 may additionally have a portion decider for deciding, which part of the multi-channel signal 106 is used as the first portion 108 and which part is used as the second portion 110 , the decision being based on a quality criterion.
  • the quality criterion can be derived with respect to a resulting total bit-rate of the parametric representation 112 or with respect to quality aspects, taking into account the perceptual quality of a reproduction of the multi-channel signal 106 based on the parametric representation 112 .
  • bit-rate consumed by the parametric representation can thus be varied in time, assuring that the quality criterion is met at any time during the encoding while allowing for an overall reduction of the required bit-rate compared to prior art methods.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of a parametric representation 112 created by an inventive encoder.
  • FIG. 2 shows a parameter bit-stream, i.e. a parametric representation for two consecutive frames.
  • the parameter bit-stream is having a representation of a high-quality frame 120 and a representation of a lower quality frame 122 .
  • the decision was taken that the first portion 108 , which is being represented by parametric data has to be big compared to the second portion, which may for example be the case if the audio scene to encode is rather complex.
  • the 2 is furthermore created under the assumption that a preferred embodiment of an inventive encoder is used that does not derive any parametric data for the second portion 110 of the multi-channel signal 106 .
  • 28 spatial parameters ICC and ICLD are included in the parametric representation to describe the high-quality frame 120 .
  • the 28 spatial parameters describe the lower frequency bands of a QMF representation of the multi-channel signal.
  • the lower quality frame 122 comprises only 21 spatial parameter sets having ICC and ICLD parameters as this was found to be sufficient for the desired perceptual quality.
  • FIG. 2 a shows an inventive transcoder 150 .
  • the inventive transcoder receives as an input an input bit stream 152 having a full set of spatial parameters describing a first frame 154 and a second frame 156 of a multi-channel audio signal.
  • the transcoder 150 generates a bit stream 158 holding a parametric representation representing the spatial properties of the multi-channel audio signal.
  • the transcoder 150 derives the parametric representation such that for the first frame the number of parameters 160 is only slightly decreased.
  • the number of parameters 162 describing the second frame corresponding to the input parameters 156 are strongly decreased, which reduces the amount of bit rate needed by the resulting parametric representation significantly.
  • Such an inventive transcoder 150 can therefore be used to post-process an already existing bit stream of spatial parameters to derive an inventive parametric representation requiring less bit rate during transmission or less storage space when stored on a computer-readable medium. It should be noted here that it is of course also possible to implement a transcoder for transcoding in the other direction, i.e. using the parametric representation to generate spatial parameters.
  • the inventive transcoder 150 can be implemented in various different ways, as for example by reducing the amount of parameters with a given rule or by additionally receiving the multi-channel audio signal to analyze the reduction of bit rate possible without disturbing the perceptual quality beyond an acceptable limit.
  • FIG. 3 shows an inventive multi-channel audio decoder 200 having a processor 202 .
  • the processor is receiving as an input a down-mix signal 204 derived from a multi-channel audio signal, first parametric data 206 describing a first portion of the multi-channel signal and, for a second portion of the multi-channel signal, optional second parametric data 208 requiring less bits than the first parametric data 206 .
  • the processor 202 is deriving an intermediate signal 210 from the down-mix signal 204 using a first deriving rule for deriving a high-quality portion 212 of the intermediate signal, wherein the high-quality portion 212 of the intermediate signal 212 is corresponding to the first portion of the multi-channel audio signal.
  • the processor 202 is using a second deriving rule for a second portion 214 of the intermediate signal 210 , wherein the second deriving rule is using the second parametric data or no parametric data and wherein the first deriving rule is depending on the first parametric data 206 .
  • the intermediate signal 210 derived by the processor 202 is built from a combination of the high-quality portion 212 and of the second portion 214 .
  • the multi-channel audio decoder 200 may derive by itself, which portions of the down-mix signal 204 are to be processed with the first parametric data 206 by applying some appropriate rules, for example counting the number of spatial parameters included in the first parametric data 206 .
  • the processor 202 may be signalled the fractions of the high-quality portion 212 and of the second portion 214 within the down-mix signal 204 by some additional window information which is derived on an encoder side and that is additionally transmitted to the multi-channel audio decoder 200 .
  • the second parametric data 208 is omitted and the processor 202 derives the second deriving rule from information already contained in the down-mix signal 204 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the present invention that combines the inventive feature of matrix compatibility in a spatial audio decoder.
  • the multi-channel audio decoder 600 comprises a pre-de-correlator 601 , a de-correlator 602 and a mix-matrix 603 .
  • the multi-channel audio decoder 600 is a flexible device allowing to operate in different modi depending on the configuration of input signals 605 input into the pre-de-correlator 601 .
  • the pre-de-correlator 601 derives intermediate signals 607 that serve as input for the de-correlator 602 and that are partially transmitted unaltered to form, together with decorrelated signals calculated by the de-correlator 602 , input signals 608 .
  • the input signals 608 are the signals input into the mix-matrix 603 that derives output channel configurations 610 a or 610 b, depending on the input channel configuration 605 .
  • a down-mix signal and an optional residual signal is supplied to the pre-de-correlator 601 , that derives four intermediate signals (e 1 to e 4 ) that are used as an input of the de-correlator, which derives four de-correlated signals (d 1 to d 4 ) that form the input parameters 608 together with a directly transmitted signal m derived from the input signal.
  • the de-correlator 602 may be operative to simply forward the residual signal instead of deriving a de-correlated signal. This may also be done in a frequency selective manner for certain frequency bands only.
  • the input signals 605 comprise a left channel, a right channel and optionally a residual signal.
  • the pre-de-correlator matrix 601 derives a left, a right and a center channel and in addition two intermediate channels (e 1 , e 2 ).
  • the input signals to the mix-matrix 603 are formed by the left channel, the right channel, the centre channel, and two de-correlated signals (d 1 and d 2 ).
  • the pre-de-correlator matrix may derive an additional intermediate signal (e 5 ) that is used as an input for a de-correlator (D 5 ) whose output is a combination of the de-correlated signal (d 5 ) derived from the signal (e 5 ) and the de-correlated signals (d 1 and d 2 ).
  • an additional de-correlation can be guaranteed between the centre channel and the left and the right channel.
  • the inventive audio decoder 600 implements the inventive concept in the 2-to-5 configuration.
  • the transmitted parametric representation is used in the pre-de-correlation matrix 601 and in the mix-matrix 603 .
  • the inventive concept can be implemented in different ways as shown in more detail in FIG. 5 .
  • FIG. 5 shows the pre-de-correlator, implemented as predecorrelator-matrix 601 and the mix-matrix 603 in a principle sketch, wherein the other components of the multi-channel audio decoder 600 are omitted.
  • the matrix used to perform the pre-de-correlation and the mixing has columns that represent time slots, i.e. the individual time samples of a signal and rows that represent the different parameter bands, i.e. each row is associated with one parameter band of an audio signal.
  • the matrix elements of the matrices 601 and 603 are only partly derived from transmitted parametric data, wherein the remaining matrix elements are derived by the decoder, based for example on knowledge of the down-mix signal.
  • FIG. 5 shows one example where below a given frequency border line 622 the elements of the pre-de-correlator matrix 601 and the mix-matrix 603 are derived from parameters 620 that are read from the bit-stream, i.e. based on information transmitted from the encoder. Above the frequency borderline 622 the matrix elements are derived in the decoder based on knowledge of the down-mix signal only.
  • the border frequency (or in general: the amount of matrix elements derived from transmitted data) can be freely adapted according to the quality and/or bit-rate constraints that have to be met for the particular application scenario.
  • a side-information free up-mix process may be performed with the same structure that has been outlined in the MPEG Spatial Audio Coding Reference Model 0.
  • This invention may consist in describing a method for side-information free up-mix, but preferably provides a method for seamless and advantageous combination of such concepts with methods for side-information assisted up-mix.
  • the elements of the matrices M 1 ( 601 ) and M 2 ( 603 ) are preferably not derived from data transmitted in a bit-stream but by different means without the help of side-information, e.g. by applying heuristic rules based only on knowledge achieved from the down-mix signal.
  • the present invention is by no means limited to this splitting of the multi-channel signal into a first portion and a second portion as it may also be advantageous or appropriate to describe higher frequency parts of the signal with better accuracy. This may especially be the case when in the lower frequency region only little energy is contained in the signal since most of the energy is contained in a high-frequency domain of the audio signal. Due to masking effects the low-frequency part will be mostly dominated by the high frequency parts then and it may be advantageous to provide the possibility for a high-quality reproduction of the high-frequency part of the signal.
  • the inventive methods can be implemented in hardware or in software.
  • the implementation can be performed using a digital storage medium, in particular a disk, DVD or a CD having electronically readable control signals stored thereon, which cooperate with a programmable computer system such that the inventive methods are performed.
  • the present invention is, therefore, a computer program product with a program code stored on a machine readable carrier, the program code being operative for performing the inventive methods when the computer program product runs on a computer.
  • the inventive methods are, therefore, a computer program having a program code for performing at least one of the inventive methods when the computer program runs on a computer.

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US11/323,965 2005-07-19 2005-12-29 Concept for bridging the gap between parametric multi-channel audio coding and matrixed-surround multi-channel coding Abandoned US20070055510A1 (en)

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US11/323,965 US20070055510A1 (en) 2005-07-19 2005-12-29 Concept for bridging the gap between parametric multi-channel audio coding and matrixed-surround multi-channel coding
PT06743182T PT1908056T (pt) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 Conceito para conciliar a codificação paramétrica de áudio multicanal e a codificação de matriz de surround multicanal
EP06743182.5A EP1908056B1 (de) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 Konzept zur überbrückung der bresche zwischen parametrischer mehrkanal-audiocodierung und matrix-surround-mehrkanalcodierung
AU2006272127A AU2006272127B2 (en) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 Concept for bridging the gap between parametric multi-channel audio coding and matrixed-surround multi-channel coding
ES18180076T ES2952871T3 (es) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 Concepto para puentear el espacio entre codificación parámetrica de audio multicanal y codificación multicanal envolvente matricial
BRPI0616019-0A BRPI0616019B1 (pt) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 conceito para superar a lacuna entre codificação paramétrica e codificação matrixed-surround de áudio multicanais
HUE18180076A HUE064455T2 (hu) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 Koncepció a parametrikus többcsatornás audió kódolás és a mátrixolt térhatású többcsatornás kódolás közötti rés áthidalására
PL06743182T PL1908056T3 (pl) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 Koncepcja wypełnienia luki między parametrycznym wielokanałowym kodowaniem audio i wielokanałowym kodowaniem matrix-surround
JP2008521820A JP5265358B2 (ja) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 パラメトリックマルチチャネルオーディオ符号化とマトリックスサラウンドマルチチャネル符号化との間のギャップを埋めるための概念
DK18180076.4T DK3404656T3 (da) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 Koncept til at bygge bro mellem parametrisk multikanalaudiokodning og matrix-surround-multikanalkodning
PCT/EP2006/005971 WO2007009548A1 (en) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 Concept for bridging the gap between parametric multi-channel audio coding and matrixed-surround multi-channel coding
PL18180076.4T PL3404656T3 (pl) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 Koncepcja wypełnienia luki między parametrycznym wielokanałowym kodowaniem audio i wielokanałowym kodowaniem matrix-surround
FIEP18180076.4T FI3404656T3 (fi) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 Periaate parametrisen monikanava-audiokoodauksen ja matriisiympäröidyn monikanavakoodauksen välisen välin ohittamiseksi
EP23214132.5A EP4307124A3 (de) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 Konzept zur überbrückung der lücke zwischen parametrischer mehrkanal-audiocodierung und matrix-surround-mehrkanal-codierung
PT181800764T PT3404656T (pt) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 Conceito para conciliar a codificação paramétrica de áudio multicanal e a codificação de matriz de surround multicanal
EP18180076.4A EP3404656B1 (de) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 Konzept zur überbrückung der lücke zwischen parametrischer mehrkanal-audiocodierung und matrix-surround-mehrkanal-codierung
EP23214134.1A EP4307126A3 (de) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 Konzept zur überbrückung der lücke zwischen parametrischer mehrkanal-audiocodierung und matrix-surround-mehrkanal-codierung
EP23180543.3A EP4235440A3 (de) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 Konzept zur überbrückung der lücke zwischen parametrischer mehrkanal-audiocodierung und matrix-surround-mehrkanal-codierung
RU2008106225/09A RU2382418C2 (ru) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 Способ совмещения параметрического многоканального аудиокодирования с матричным многоканальным кодированием объемного звучания
EP23214133.3A EP4307125A3 (de) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 Konzept zur überbrückung der lücke zwischen parametrischer mehrkanal-audiocodierung und matrix-surround-mehrkanal-codierung
MX2008000828A MX2008000828A (es) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 Concepto para puentear el espacio entre codificacion parametrica de audio multicanal y codificacion multicanal de borde de matriz.
KR1020087002860A KR100946688B1 (ko) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 멀티 채널 오디오 디코더, 멀티 채널 인코더, 오디오 신호 처리 방법 및 상기 처리 방법을 수행하는 프로그램을 기록한 기록매체
CA2614384A CA2614384C (en) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 Concept for bridging the gap between parametric multi-channel audio coding and matrixed-surround multi-channel coding
CN2006800259749A CN101223578B (zh) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 多通道音频的编码和解码
ES06743182.5T ES2690278T3 (es) 2005-07-19 2006-06-21 Concepto para puentear el espacio entre codificación parámetrica de audio multicanal y codificación multicanal envolvente matricial
MYPI20062999A MY149198A (en) 2005-07-19 2006-06-23 Concept for bridging the gap between parametric multi-channel audio coding and matrixed-surround multi-channel coding
TW095125971A TWI339028B (en) 2005-07-19 2006-07-17 Concept for bridging the gap between parametric multi-channel audio coding and matrixed-surround multi-channel coding
US11/458,646 US8180061B2 (en) 2005-07-19 2006-07-19 Concept for bridging the gap between parametric multi-channel audio coding and matrixed-surround multi-channel coding
IL188425A IL188425A0 (en) 2005-07-19 2007-12-26 Concept for bridging the gap between parameteric multi-channel audio coding and matrixed-surround multi-channel coding
NO20080850A NO342863B1 (no) 2005-07-19 2008-02-18 Konsept for kopling av gapet mellom parametrisk flerkanals audiokoding og matrise-surround flerkanalkoding

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