US20070018011A1 - Burner control method involving the injection of an additional gas and associated combustion system - Google Patents

Burner control method involving the injection of an additional gas and associated combustion system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070018011A1
US20070018011A1 US10/556,666 US55666605A US2007018011A1 US 20070018011 A1 US20070018011 A1 US 20070018011A1 US 55666605 A US55666605 A US 55666605A US 2007018011 A1 US2007018011 A1 US 2007018011A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
oxygen
burner
flow rate
duct
additional gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/556,666
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English (en)
Inventor
Son-Ha Giang
Luc Jarry
Gerard Le Gouefflec
Dominique Robillard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Assigned to L'AIR LIQUIDE, SOCIETE ANONYME A DIRECTOIRE ET CONSEIL DE SURVEILLANCE POUR TETUDE ET I'EXPLOITATION DES PROCEDES GEORGES CLAUDE reassignment L'AIR LIQUIDE, SOCIETE ANONYME A DIRECTOIRE ET CONSEIL DE SURVEILLANCE POUR TETUDE ET I'EXPLOITATION DES PROCEDES GEORGES CLAUDE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GIANG, SON-HA, GOUEFFLEC, GERARD, JARRY, LUC, ROBILLARD, DOMINIQUE
Publication of US20070018011A1 publication Critical patent/US20070018011A1/en
Priority to US12/251,937 priority Critical patent/US9046264B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/32—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid using a mixture of gaseous fuel and pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/173—Apparatus for changing the composition of the molten glass in glass furnaces, e.g. for colouring the molten glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B7/00—Distributors for the molten glass; Means for taking-off charges of molten glass; Producing the gob, e.g. controlling the gob shape, weight or delivery tact
    • C03B7/02—Forehearths, i.e. feeder channels
    • C03B7/06—Means for thermal conditioning or controlling the temperature of the glass
    • C03B7/065—Means for thermal conditioning or controlling the temperature of the glass by combustion with pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/78—Cooling burner parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/002—Regulating air supply or draught using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N5/184—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/07003—Controlling the inert gas supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/07006—Control of the oxygen supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/07007—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber using specific ranges of oxygen percentage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N2005/181—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2237/00—Controlling
    • F23N2237/24—Controlling height of burner
    • F23N2237/26—Controlling height of burner oxygen-air ratio
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling the operation of a burner for heating the liquid glass feeders coming from a glass furnace.
  • the glass In a continuous glass manufacturing line, the glass is melted in relatively large capacity furnaces that deliver molten glass as output. In certain industries, such as glass furnaces for hollowware, the molten glass must be conveyed right to the glass-forming machines. To transport this molten glass, “feeders” or “forehearths” lined with refractory materials are used. As the glass is being conveyed in this way, it is cooled and also conditioned so that, on leaving the feeders, its temperature is perfectly stable and homogenous to within ⁇ 1° C. To achieve this, the temperature of the glass leaving the feeders must therefore be constant but also perfectly uniform transversely, that is to say over the width of each feeder.
  • the combustion may be carried out by burners whose oxidizer is cold air; now, these burners have a generally mediocre efficiency and offer little flexibility as regards obtaining a good transverse thermal profile.
  • the heating power for a section of feeder by oxyfuel combustion or with oxygen-enriched air is greater than that which can be achieved in air/fuel combustion.
  • the wide power range within which the oxyfuel burners operate allows dynamic regulation which rapidly compensates for the variations in the process and stabilize the glass temperature.
  • the feeders may be equipped over their entire length with several heating zones; in this case, the oxyfuel burners provide great operating flexibility thanks to greater precision in the temperature regulation.
  • Oxyfuel burners also allow the volume of flue gases to be reduced, which may in certain cases lead to a reduction in the fly-off and volatilization of certain components conveyed in the feeders, such as pigments.
  • this oxyfuel combustion may have certain drawbacks.
  • the flame geometry of the feeder burners is particularly important as it is necessary to ensure that the glass stream heating profile is particularly stable and uniform.
  • the thermal behavior of the materials that make up the self-cooled oxyfuel burners is generally difficult since the ambient temperature therein is generally high, whereas the gas and oxygen flow rates in each burner are low (low unit power).
  • the low-speed flow of the burners may be the source of burner failures requiring maintenance. This is because the burners are cooled by convection with the flow of both the oxidizer and the fuel that they use.
  • the flow volume is about 70% less than that of combustion with air.
  • the cooling is therefore less effective for the same power.
  • the combustion flame with oxygen is also hotter and more radiating.
  • the heating of the burner end-fitting may cause premature cracking and therefore as a consequence rapid fouling and premature wear of the burner.
  • the feeders must always be at an overpressure, and this pressure is maintained by the volume of the burner flue gases. In aerocombustion, this volume is stabilized—a set of flue gas discharge dampers allows the pressure to be adjusted, which it is necessary to monitor and regulate.
  • the volume of flue gases is much lower, and in addition, varies greatly with the power, thereby making it difficult to control the pressure in the feeders. A pressure-stable method independent of the instantaneous power conditions is therefore sought.
  • the subject of the invention is a method for controlling the operation of a burner for heating the liquid glass feeders coming from a glass furnace, the said burner being fed with a combustible gas and with oxygen, in which an additional gas is injected as a complement to the oxygen so that the sum of the additional gas, oxygen and combustible gas flow rates is greater than or equal to the minimum flow rate D MIN for cooling the burner.
  • the invention also relates to a combustion system comprising:
  • the invention relates to the use of the above system for heating the liquid glass feeders coming from a glass furnace.
  • FIG. 1 shows the range of power levels obtained with the method and the system of the invention and with the method of the prior art.
  • the invention therefore firstly relates to a method for controlling the operation of a burner for heating the liquid glass feeders coming from a glass furnace, the said burner being fed with a combustible gas and with oxygen, in which an additional gas is injected as a complement to the oxygen so that the sum of the additional gas, oxygen and combustible gas flow rates is greater than or equal to the minimum flow rate D MIN for cooling the burner.
  • the invention therefore allows the operation of an oxyfuel burner to be controlled.
  • oxyfuel burner is understood to mean a burner implementing oxycombustion obtained by mixing a fuel with oxygen.
  • oxygen is understood to mean an oxygen-containing gas comprising more than 90% by volume of oxygen.
  • VSA vacuum swing adsorption
  • an additional gas is injected into the burner as a complement to the oxygen. In general, the additional gas is mixed with oxygen before it is brought into contact with the fuel, for example in a premixing chamber.
  • the amount of additional gas injected as a complement to the oxygen and to the fuel allows the operation of the burner to be controlled according to the following rule: the sum of the additional gas, oxygen and combustible gas flow rates must be greater than the minimum flow rate D MIN for cooling the burner.
  • D MIN may be set for each type of burner according to the flow rate of the fuel introduced into the burner. More precisely, the value of D MIN may be set in the following manner: D MIN must be sufficient to cool the burner. This flow rate value needed for cooling is specific to the burner used; it can be determined by a person skilled in the art according to the withstand temperature of the said burner. This burner withstand temperature is itself determined beforehand by tests.
  • the additional gas flow rate may be controlled by a pressure regulator inserted into the line for delivering oxygen to the burner and regulated so as to deliver a stream of oxygen and additional gas at defined pressure.
  • This pressure is set so as to correspond to the minimum gas flow rate needed to cool the burner.
  • the additional gas may be an oxidizer gas different from oxygen, or a gas that is inert with respect to fuel. It is preferably at least one of the following gases: air, carbon dioxide, argon, helium, nitrogen or a mixture of these gases. Air is generally best suited owing to its low cost and its composition.
  • An additional gas composed of a quantity of oxygen of around 21% by volume and of at least one other gas different from oxygen is beneficial as, on the one hand, it is favorable to combustion and, on the other, the quantity of oxygen that it introduces may be deducted from the main oxygen injected for burning the fuel.
  • the fuel and oxygen flow rates increase or decrease proportionally so as to maintain a constant predefined stoichiometric ratio.
  • the additional gas is added as a complement to the oxygen so that the total flow rate of oxygen and additional gas is greater than or equal to D MIN . Consequently, the burner does not suffer any low-power deterioration since, despite the injection of oxygen and fuel at low flow rates, the additional gas provides the gas volume needed to cool the burner. This additional gas also prevents the burner end-fitting becoming fouled by glass deposits and prevents it from being damaged. Furthermore, the additional gas creates a volume of flue gases that allows the operator to obtain and control the overpressure within the feeders.
  • the additional gas flow rate may optionally be reduced to zero in order to allow operation only with oxygen. In this case, the sum of the oxygen and the combustible gas flow rates is greater than D MIN .
  • this uses a burner of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,500,030. More particularly, this type of burner comprises:
  • the end of the second duct prefferably placed set back from the end of the first duct. More preferably, burners of this type are used in which the ratio of the inside diameter of the first duct to the inside diameter of the second duct is between 2/1 and 8/1.
  • this uses a burner of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,431,467 B1. More particularly, this type of burner comprises:
  • the invention also relates to a system comprising:
  • the means of controlling the additional gas flow rate is slaved to the means of measuring the flow rate of at least the oxygen or the fuel.
  • This means of controlling the additional gas flow rate may be a pressure regulator or a servovalve, that is to say a valve slaved to a control value.
  • the means of controlling the additional gas flow rate is a pressure regulator, all that is required is to regulate it so as to deliver the additional gas until the pressure generated by this additional gas and the oxygen that is delivered is greater than the pressure needed to obtain the minimum oxidizer flow rate D MIN .
  • the means of controlling the additional gas flow rate is a servovalve
  • the servovalve may take into account the supply of oxygen from the air in calculating the oxygen/fuel stoichiometric ratio; this method of implementation makes it possible to economize on consumption of oxygen.
  • the invention relates to the use of the above system for heating the liquid glass feeder channels coming from a glass furnace.
  • the graph shown in FIG. 1 illustrates the power ranges obtained with the method and the system of the invention and with the method of the prior art.
  • the curves give the power (in kW) that it is possible to transfer as a function of the developed power (in kW).
  • the developed power is the power created by the stoichiometric combustion using an oxidizer comprising only oxygen.
  • the transferred power is the power that is actually transferred to the glass.
  • oxycombustion using an oxidizer comprising only oxygen oxyfuel burner of the prior art
  • the power transferred by the burner implementing the invention may be lower, on account of the power losses due to the volumes of flue gases in a certain power range. It has been observed that the burner of the prior art is limited to operation, in terms of transferred power and developed power, within the 7 to 10 kW range since below 7 kW the burner cannot operate without suffering deterioration by the absence of a sufficient gas stream (deterioration in the range defined by the dotted curve of the . . . type). Thanks to the system of the invention, this same burner may have its operating range broadened to 0.15 to 10 kW.
  • the method and the device of the invention make it possible to broaden the operating range of the burners of the prior art within a power range that was not accessible in the prior art, even by making them operate in the power range causing them to deteriorate, and that corresponds to the dotted curve of the . . . type in FIG. 1 ; it may be seen that this “deteriorating” power range cannot drop below 1 kW of transferred power, whereas the method of the invention allows access to transferred power levels between 0.15 and 1 kW.
  • the invention also has the advantage that a stable pressure can be maintained in the feeders because of a flue gas volume that is higher than during low-power all-oxygen combustion.
  • the invention also makes it possible to work with a larger number of burners operating at lower power levels—the heating may thus be more uniform and the quality of the transfer to the glass is improved.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that it allows the power of the burner to be rapidly adjusted according to the nature of the glass flowing through the feeders. This advantage is more particularly important at the present time because of the continual modifications made to glasses produced in order to follow the fashion trends (colors, etc.).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
  • Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
US10/556,666 2003-05-13 2004-05-07 Burner control method involving the injection of an additional gas and associated combustion system Abandoned US20070018011A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/251,937 US9046264B2 (en) 2003-05-13 2008-10-15 Method of controlling burners for heating liquid glass flow channels

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0305735 2003-05-13
FR0305735A FR2854943B1 (fr) 2003-05-13 2003-05-13 Procede de controle de bruleurs assurant le chauffage de canaux d'ecoulement de verre liquide
PCT/FR2004/001124 WO2004101453A1 (fr) 2003-05-13 2004-05-07 Procede de controle de bruleurs par injection d’un gaz additionnel et systeme de combustion y afferent

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/251,937 Division US9046264B2 (en) 2003-05-13 2008-10-15 Method of controlling burners for heating liquid glass flow channels

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US20070018011A1 true US20070018011A1 (en) 2007-01-25

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US10/556,666 Abandoned US20070018011A1 (en) 2003-05-13 2004-05-07 Burner control method involving the injection of an additional gas and associated combustion system
US12/251,937 Expired - Fee Related US9046264B2 (en) 2003-05-13 2008-10-15 Method of controlling burners for heating liquid glass flow channels

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US (2) US20070018011A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1625098B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP4680912B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN1787975B (zh)
AR (1) AR044331A1 (zh)
BR (1) BRPI0410138A (zh)
FR (1) FR2854943B1 (zh)
PL (1) PL378878A1 (zh)
TW (1) TW200506281A (zh)
WO (1) WO2004101453A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9517960B2 (en) * 2006-12-15 2016-12-13 Gdf Suez Process of operating a glass melting oven

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FR2905174A1 (fr) * 2006-11-08 2008-02-29 Air Liquide Dispositif et procede de mesure du debit d'un gaz dans la conduite d'alimentation d'un bruleur
EP2063175A1 (en) 2007-11-22 2009-05-27 L'AIR LIQUIDE, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Oxyburner
CN106277718B (zh) * 2016-08-19 2019-03-15 巨石集团有限公司 一种玻璃纤维池窑用玻璃液通道加热方法

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US3997107A (en) * 1974-04-03 1976-12-14 Raypak, Inc. Servo modulating regulating control system
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FR2854943A1 (fr) 2004-11-19
CN1787975A (zh) 2006-06-14
JP2007504090A (ja) 2007-03-01
US9046264B2 (en) 2015-06-02
WO2004101453A8 (fr) 2005-12-29
TW200506281A (en) 2005-02-16
EP1625098B1 (fr) 2018-08-08
JP4680912B2 (ja) 2011-05-11
WO2004101453A1 (fr) 2004-11-25
BRPI0410138A (pt) 2006-05-09
EP1625098A1 (fr) 2006-02-15
PL378878A1 (pl) 2006-05-29
FR2854943B1 (fr) 2006-05-26
CN1787975B (zh) 2010-12-29
US20090053658A1 (en) 2009-02-26
AR044331A1 (es) 2005-09-07

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