US2006115A - Operation of coke ovens and ovens therefor - Google Patents

Description

Filed an. 30, 1935 Josg'adefen A i for]: g:

Patented June 25, 1935 PATENT OFFICE,

OPERATION'OF COKE OVENS AND O ENS THEREFOR 'Josef Schaefen'Dortinund, Germany Application January.30, 1933, Serial No; 654,287 r v i In Germany February 2, 1932 l 4 Claims. (01. 202-15) My invention relates to coke ovens and'to. a method of operating the same. i

In order to produce in coke ovens gases, in addition to the gases of distillation, bythe introduction of vapors, gases or liquids in the oven chamber, these vapors, gases or liquids usually are led through one single oven chamber or through two interconnected chambers to which the additional matter is supplied in succession. In this latter case it was the prior practice to connect two oven chambers of different states of carbonization with one another, that is a chamher, thecharge of which is in an initial state of carbonization and another chamber in which the charge is in a state of advanced or completed carbonization, the additional matter being at first fed to the former or the latter oven chamber. In both of these cases the condition of the charge in the chamber of partial carbonization hasilittle or no favorable eifect or, under some circumstances, may have evena noxious effect on the additionally introduced fluid. v

According to my present invention two oven chambers are interconnected in which the charges are at least in a state of advanced carbonization, or that of one chamber is already fully carbonized. The additional matter isled through these chambers in such a manner that the matter enters the first chamber at a narrow end while the whole of volatile matter developed in the chamber escapes at the base on the opposite chamber end and is fed to the other chamber, which is likewise in a state of advanced or even completed carbonization, at the same end at bottom, the total volatile matter developed in the first and second chambers being drawn off on the opposite narrow end at top through the ascension pipe of the chamber. In this way the additional fluid passes through the two chambers in the longest possible path, and, since both chambers are in a state of advanced or even completed carbonization, the fluid undergoes a perfect decomposition, as was not the case with the methodshitherto used. Steam, oils or the like supplied to the first chamber can be perfectly decomposedin this manner. The interconnection of the two chambers at the bottom at one of their narrow ends may be established either by external connecting pipes (detachable if required) or by internalconnection 50 passagesprovided in; the oven brickwork and fitted with dampers. The additional matter may be supplied at one narrow end either through one or more special distribution pipes or through a distribution pipe which opens into the ascension pipe of the chamber. a

In order that my invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into effect, three embodiments of coke ovens adapted to carry out my new method are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawing in which 6 Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of a horizontal coke oven chamber designed according to the invention,

Figure 2 is a corresponding horizontal cross section showing a plurality ofadjacent chambers. 10

Figure 3 is a detail showing the second embodiment in a section similar to that of Figure 1;

Figure 4 shows the application of my invention to vertical chamber ovens and is a vertical longitudinal section of such a chambenwhile.

Figure 5 is a corresponding vertical cross "section.

The embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 will be described first.

.In this embodiment a distribution pipe 1) extends along and intront of one of the narrow ends of. the horizontal chambers a, and is in communication with the individual chambers by branch pipes 12 This construction can be modified, as shown in Figure 3, by. having the branches b of the distribution pipe b open into the ascension pipes c of the chambers a. At the opposite narrow end tubular plugs-d are inserted in the chamber wall at the bottom which plugs are interconnected by bent pipes e. Each two adjacent chambers a thus can be interconnected alternatively. i H m In the embodimentillustrated in Figures 4 and 5 each of the vertical coke oven chambers a is provided at top with a lateral horizontal channel g extending from the one side of the chamber to the opposite side and connected at one and directly to a distribution pipe b or through the ascension pipe c ,as shown. At the opposite end at h the channel g communicates with its respective chamber a On the side opposite to the opening it the chambers are interconnected through lower channels 1 which can be shut off by suitable dampers 7' towards the chambers.

The described appliance is, used in the following manner: I

Vapors, such as steam or gases that can be decomposed by heat or a liquid capable of being vaporized or gasified, such as oil, tar or tar derivates, are fed through the distributiontpipe b, b b respectively, to one or more chambersthe charge of which is in a state of advanced or even completed carbonization The valve f provided between'the ascension pipe 0 and thelwater seal it and connecting the chambers with the latter must then be closed. At the bottom the chamber is set in communication with another chamber which likewise is in a state of advanced or completed carbonization by a connecting pipe e (Figures 1 and 2) or by opening the damper of a channel 2 (Figures 4 and 5).

The volatile products of distillation developed in the first chamber pass through the latter from the one end down to the floor on the other end, as marked by the arrows, Figures 1 and 4, and then stream through the pipe e or channel 1 at bottom to the adjacent chamber which is likewise in a state of advanced or completed carbon-' ization. The products then stream through this second chamber and escape at the opposite end.

thereof at the top through the ascension pipe 0, the valve of which must be opened, that is, in the natural direction of the draft prevailing in the chamber, together with the products of distillation that may still be developed therein, to the water seal is. This passage of the volatile products through the two chambers can be continued according to the requirements until one of the chambers is to be pushed. The communication of this chamber with the water seal is then shut off as is also its communication at bottom with the otherchamber, while the latter by pipe e or channel 1 is connected to another chamber the charge of which is in a state of advanced or completed carbonization. This done, the volatile products are led through these two interconnect ed chambers in the same manner as before, that is transversely through the first chamber and from the bottom to the top .through the second chamber to the seal.

By arranging, that periods of time always lie between the pushing of neighboring chambers, which periods constitute only a slight fraction of the whole carbonization period, that is, periods of some hours for example, two neighboring chambers always are in an approximately equal state of carbonization; This makes it possible always to interconnect alternately always two neighboring chambers instead of having more separate chambers and furthermore to fulfill the condition that the additional fluid always passes through two chambers both of which are at least in an advanced state of carbonization.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 the provision of the upper horizontal channel g affords the further advantage that the fluid fed through it to the chamber is preheated before entering the latter, by the hot oven brickwork.

The described appliance may further be utilized during that period of time in which the individual chambers are being newly charged in so far as a fresh chamber is connected to a chamber which, according to the difference of charging time of the individual chambers, already is in a state of more advanced. carbonization, without leading additional fluid through these two chambers. This operation affords the advantage that by this connection the escape of the volatile matter from the fresh charge in the one chamber is favored, as the volatile products developed in the lower portion thereof can escape on the shortest possible path to the other chamber in which the charge is in an advanced state of carbonization, while the volatile products developed in the upper portion of the first-named chamber can escape, likewise on the shortest possible path, through the respective ascension pipe to the seal. Of course,

' the ascension pipe in this case must be connected with the seal. The volatile products developed. in the fresh charge at the base of the chamber thus need not pass upward through the fresh coal in the latter, which is of importance, since the fresh coal in this state will form a dense mass which becomes loosened only with advancing carbonization, and thus, offers to the gases a comparatively high resistance.

What I claim as my invention is:--

1. A method of, producing coke and a com bustible gas or gases which comprises introducing a combustible fluid capable of being decomposed by heat to yield a combustible gas, at the top and at one end of a horizontally elongated mass of solid carbonizable material which is being carbonized and is in an advanced state of carbonization, causing said fluid to percolate through said carbonized mass in a diagonally downward direction, withdrawing the unaffected and partially affected fluid and the volatile matters developed from the lower opposite end of said mass, immediately introducing the said volatile matters and the unaffected and partially affected fluid at the lower end of a second similar mass of solid carbonaceous material which is likewise in a state of advanced carbonization, causing said introduced material and volatile matters to pass diagonally upward through said second mass, withdrawing the total volatile matters developed atthe opposite upper end of said second mass, and then withdrawing coke from both masses. 2. A method of producing coke and a combustible gas or gases which comprises introducing steam at the top and at one end of a horizontally elongated mass of solid carbonizable material which is being carbonized and is in an advanced state of carbonization, causing said steam to percolate through said carbonized mass in a diagonally downward direction, withdrawing the unaffected and partially affected steam and the volatile matters developed from the lower opposite end of said mass, immediately introducing the said volatile matters and the unaffected and partially affected steam at the lower end of a second similar mass of solid carbonaceous material which is likewise in a state of advanced carbonization, causing said introduced material and volatile matters to pass diagonally upward through said second mass, withdrawing the total volatile matters developed at the opposite upper end of said second mass, and then withdrawing coke from both masses.

3. A method of producing coke and a combustible gas or gases which comprises introducing a combustible oil or tar at the top and at one end of a horizontally elongated mass of solid carbonizable material which is being carbonized and is in an advanced state of carbonization, causing said oil or tar to percolate through said carbonized mass in a diagonally downward direction, withdrawing the unaffected and partially affected oil'or tar and the volatile matters developed from the lower opposite end of said mass, immediately introducing the said volatile matters and the unaffected and partially affected oil or tar at the lower end of a second similar mass of solid carbonaceous material which is likewise in a state of advanced carbonization, causing said introduced material and volatile matters to pass diagonally upward through said second mass, withdrawing the total volatile matters developed at the opposite upper end of said second mass, and then withdrawing coke from both masses.

4. A coke oven battery for producing coke and a combustible gas or gases of the reaction between a carbonaceous material and steam, oil or tar the steam, oil

chambers may be cut off, means at the opposite end of said chambers at the bottom thereof for directly connecting each of the chambers with one of the other chambers, said last named connecting means providing a short direct communication between the bottom of each chamber at one end thereof and the bottom portion of the connected chamber at the same end thereof, an ascension pipe at the upper end of each chamber adjacent the distributing pipe connection to said chamber, and valve means operatively connected with said ascension pipes so that the flow from each chamber through its corresponding ascension pipe may be cut oil, whereby when the chambers are charged with carbonaceous material in an advanced state of carbonization, steam, oil or tar introduced through the distributing pipe to one upper endof a chamber will percolate diagonally downward through that chamber, thence to the bottom of the connected chamber together with volatile matters developed and diagonally upward through said connected cham- 15 ber to the ascension pipe thereof. JOSEF SCHAEFER.

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