US20060261911A1

US20060261911A1 - Matching circuit

Info

Publication number: US20060261911A1
Application number: US11/434,889
Authority: US
Inventors: Atsushi Fukuda; Hiroshi Okazaki; Shoichi Narahashi
Original assignee: NTT Docomo Inc
Current assignee: NTT Docomo Inc
Priority date: 2005-05-20
Filing date: 2006-05-17
Publication date: 2006-11-23
Also published as: CN100527611C; US7750756B2; JP2006325153A; CN1866735A; US7750757B2; EP1724936A2; KR20060120449A; US20090167458A1; JP4838536B2; EP1724936A3; KR100748040B1; US20090179711A1

Abstract

The present invention has for its object to provide a matching circuit with multiband capability which can be reduced in size, even if the number of handled frequency bands rises. The matching circuit of the present invention comprises a load having frequency-dependent characteristics, a first matching block connected with one end to the load with frequency-dependent characteristics, and a second matching block formed by lumped elements connected in series to the first matching block. And then, when a certain frequency band is used, matching is obtained with the series impedance of the first matching block and the second matching block. When a separate frequency band is used, a π-type circuit is constituted by connecting auxiliary matching blocks to both sides of the second matching block. Next, at the same frequency, by taking the combined impedance of this π-type circuit and a load whose characteristics do not depend on the frequency to be Z0, the influence of the second matching block is removed.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention
This invention pertains to a matching circuit handling multiple bands which, in a plurality of frequency bands, establishes matching between circuits having different impedances. It pertains to matching circuits built into small-sized multiband power amplifiers which amplify, with high efficiency, signals in a plurality of frequency bands used e.g. in mobile communications and satellite communications.
2. Description of Related Art
Accompanying the diversification of services offered by means of radio communications, conversion to multiband capability for processing signals in a plurality of frequency bands is required of radio equipment. As an indispensable device included in radio equipment, there is the power amplifier. In order to carry out efficient amplification, there is a need to obtain impedance matching between the amplification element and its peripheral circuits, so a matching circuit is used. As an example of a conventional multiband power amplifier, technology as shown in Reference 1 (NTT DoCoMo Technical Journal, Vol. 10, No. 1: “Mobile Handsets”) is disclosed.
The configuration of the 800 MHz/2 GHz band power amplifier shown in Reference 1 is shown in FIG. 1, and the operation thereof will be explained. The transmitted signal coming from the transmitter is input into the single pole terminal of an input switch 150, a Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) switch. Next, the transmitted signal, by being switched by input switch 150, is input into an 800 MHz band amplifier 151 connected to a double throw terminal of input switch 150, or a 2 GHz band amplifier 152. The output signals of 800 MHz band amplifier 151 and 2 GHz band amplifier 152 are switched by an output switch 153, a Single Pole Double Throw switch, and supplied to an antenna.
In FIG. 2, the configuration of 800 MHz band amplifier 151 and 2 GHz band amplifier 152 is shown. Each amplifier is configured with a series connection of an input matching circuit 160, an amplification element 161, and an output matching circuit 162. Input matching circuit 160 obtains matching between a signal source 163, whose output impedance does not depend on the frequency, and amplification element 161. Output matching circuit 162 obtains matching between the output impedance of amplification element 161 and a load 164.
Since the input impedance of amplification element 161 constituting each amplifier varies with frequency, input matching circuit 160 and output matching circuit 162 are different depending on the operation frequencies, even if the same amplification element 161 is used. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 1, separate amplifiers 151, 152 handling each frequency band have been necessary. Consequently, there has been the problem that the total circuit area of the transmitter became larger as the operating frequency bands rose.
In order not to increase the circuit area of an amplifier, the method of designing matching circuits for wideband operation can also be considered. However, compared to matching circuits designed for narrowband operation, the result is that there occurs a reduction in gain and efficiency. Accordingly, with respect to these problems, the applicant of the present application first proposed, in Reference 2 (International Publication No. WO 2004/082138 Pamphlet), a matching circuit which can handle the conversion to multiband capability. The input matching circuit of the amplifier disclosed in Reference 2 is shown in FIG. 3. E.g., the FET (Field Effect Transistor) input impedance can be expressed as a load 170 (impedance Z_L(f)) having frequency-dependent characteristics. A first terminal P1 to which this load 170 is connected has a main matching block 171 connected to it. The other end (point A) of main matching block 171 is connected to one end of a delay circuit 172 having a certain reactance value. The other end (point B) of delay circuit 172 is connected to a signal source 173 having an impedance Z0 (below, the impedance not changing with frequency is called Z0).
Main matching block 171 is designed to match the impedance Z_L(f1) of load 170 with the impedance Z0 of signal source 173, in frequency band f1. In other words, main matching block 171 becomes a matching circuit with respect to frequency f1. Delay circuit 172 is constituted by a distributed-parameter element, the characteristic impedance of which is given, as is well known, by the relationship shown in Eq. 1.
Z0=√{square root over (L/C)} (1)
Here, L is the inductance of the distributed-parameter element and C is the capacitance of the distributed-parameter element. Consequently, by taking the characteristic impedance of delay circuit 172 to be Z0, matching is obtained in frequency band f1 between signal source 173 and load 170.
When operating in a frequency band f2, different from frequency band f1 (e.g. when frequency band f2 is lower than frequency band f1), the impedance of load 170 changes to Z_L(f2). Also, since main matching block 171 is a matching circuit with respect to frequency f1, matching between signal source 173 and load 170 is not obtained at frequency f2. Accordingly, an auxiliary matching block 175 is connected via switch element 174 to point B. And then, when operating in frequency band f2, switch element 174 is taken to be in a conducting state. By choosing a configuration like this, it is possible, whichever is the value of the impedance estimated from point A toward the side of load 170, to make the impedance Z0, seen from point B toward the side of delay circuit 172. Here, the delay value of delay circuit 172 is set to the delay value required to match at point B in frequency band f2.
With the same approach as for the matching circuit shown in FIG. 3, an example where the number of frequency bands which can be handled has been increased to three is shown in FIG. 4. By the fact that the number of frequency bands has increased from two to three, the system increases by one additional set, the set of delay circuit 180, switch element 181, and auxiliary matching block 182. In a third frequency band f3, the impedance Z_L(f3) of load 170 is regulated by means of delay circuit 180 and auxiliary matching block 182 so that the impedance seen from point C toward the side of delay circuit 180 becomes Z0. Further, since the characteristic impedances of the delay circuits are fixed and do not depend on the frequency, it is possible to obtain matching between signal source 173 and load 170 in each frequency band if switch element 174 and switch element 181 are chosen to be in a non-conducting state in the case of frequency band f1, switch element 174 is chosen to be in a conducting state for in the case of frequency band f2, and switch element 181 is chosen to be in a conducting state in the case of frequency band f3.
In this way, by providing auxiliary matching blocks connected via switch elements between the delay circuits along with connecting in series in multiple stages delay circuits whose impedances do not vary with frequency, there is implemented a matching circuit capable of matching with respect to a plurality of frequency bands. Further, the delay value required in frequency band f3 can be considered to be the sum of the values for delay circuit 172 and delay circuit 180.
As for delay circuits 172 and 180, it is realistic to choose them to be transmission lines which are distributed parameter networks. However, particularly in cases where the frequency is low, transmission lines become comparatively large components inside the circuit. E.g., if load 170 is taken to be a FET and in case an amplifier for the 1 GHz band is designed, a 50Ω transmission line has a width of 0.63 mm and a length of 9.22 mm, so the result is a component having a length of about 10 mm.
In the technology shown in the aforementioned Reference 2, the delay circuits are realistically constituted by transmission lines. However, in the case of transmission lines, the length easily becomes comparatively long. In particular, in the case where the used frequency is low, the area of a transmission line serving as a delay circuit becomes large, so there has been the problem that the matching circuit as a whole also was made bigger. Further, this problem increases as the frequency becomes lower, and as the number of frequencies rises.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The matching circuit of the present invention has a first matching block, connected at one end to a load having an impedance with frequency-dependent characteristics and a second matching block formed by a lumped-parameter element connected in series to the first matching block. E.g., the second matching block matches the impedances of the signal source and the load in the lowest frequency band. Moreover, for the purpose of impedance matching in high frequency bands, it has a π-type circuit. A π-type circuit is a circuit in which respective switch elements and auxiliary matching blocks are connected to both ends of the second matching block.
According to a configuration like this, the matching conditions in the aforementioned low frequency band can be created by a series connection of the first matching block and the second matching block. Further, in the case of a high frequency band, by setting an appropriate value for the π-type circuit, it is possible to choose the impedance of the π-type circuit to be Z0 and to choose the impedance of the second matching block to be one with no influence for the high frequency band. Moreover, since the second matching block is constituted by lumped elements, it is possible to make the matching circuit smaller-sized than the conventional matching circuit constituted by transmission lines.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a conventional 800 MHz/2 GHz band power amplifier
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of each power amplifier in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a conventional matching circuit.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example where the number of frequency bands which can be handled by the conventional matching circuit has been taken to be three.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the base configuration of a matching circuit of this invention.
FIG. 6A is a diagram explaining the operation in a low frequency band f2.
FIG. 6B is a diagram explaining the operation in a high frequency band f1.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the configuration where the π-type circuit of a matching circuit of this invention, shown in FIG. 5, has been replaced with a T-type circuit.
FIG. 8 is a diagram where the matching circuit of the present invention, shown in FIG. 5, has been generalized so that it can be adapted to a plurality of frequency bands.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the image of N frequency bands.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a matching circuit using two T-type circuits.
FIG. 11 is a diagram where a matching circuit of the present invention, using T-type matching circuits, has been generalized so that it can be adapted to a plurality of frequency bands.
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing another configuration example of a matching circuit of the present invention using T-type matching circuits.
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a matching circuit of the present invention, using T-type matching circuits where auxiliary matching blocks have been connected in series.
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example where the second matching block of FIG. 5 is configured with an L-type circuit.
FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the configuration of the second matching block using a T-type circuit.
FIG. 16 is a diagram showing another configuration of the second matching block using a T-type circuit.
FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example where the first matching block has been configured with a plurality of elements.
FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example where a matching circuit of this invention has been applied to an amplification circuit.
FIG. 19A is a diagram showing the simulation results in the case of a setting for the 2 GHz band, with the configuration of FIG. 18.
FIG. 19B is a diagram showing the simulation results in the case of a setting for the 1 GHz band, with the configuration of FIG. 18.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Embodiment

1

In FIG. 5, the basic configuration of a matching circuit of the present invention is shown. The matching circuit of the present invention is constituted by a first matching block 2 and a matching circuit part 8 consisting of lumped elements. Matching circuit part 8 is a π-type circuit constituted by a second matching block 3, switch elements 4 and 5, and auxiliary matching blocks 6 and 7. One end of first matching block 2 is connected to a first terminal P1 to which an element 1 (a load in this example) having an impedance Z_L(f) with frequency-dependent characteristics is connected. To the other end of first matching block 2, one end of second matching block 3 is connected in series. The other end of second matching block 3 is connected, via a second terminal P2, to an element 9, e.g. a signal source, with an impedance Z0 whose impedance does not depend on the frequency. Also, to the terminal on the first matching block 2 side of second matching block 3, there is connected a series circuit of switch element 4 and auxiliary matching block 6. To the other end of second matching block 3, there is connected a series circuit of switch element 5 and auxiliary matching block 7. By being connected in this way, matching circuit part 8 becomes a π-type circuit.
The operation of the matching circuit in FIG. 5 will be explained using FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B. FIG. 6A is a diagram showing the operation in a low frequency band f2. FIG. 6B is a diagram showing the operation in a high frequency band f1. In the case of frequency band f2, switch elements 4 and 5 of FIG. 5 are non-conducting. Consequently, in the case of frequency band f2, impedance Z2 of the second matching block is set so that the sum Z_Aof impedance Z_L(f2) of element 1 in the frequency band f2, impedance Z1 of first matching block 2, and impedance Z2 of second matching block 3 (below, the impedances will be omitted in portions where the same can be considered not to be particularly necessary) becomes Z0. As a result, the impedances are matched at second terminal P2.
In the frequency band f1, switch elements 4 and 5 in FIG. 5 are in a conducting state. Consequently, as shown in FIG. 6B, matching circuit 8 becomes a π-type circuit in which auxiliary matching blocks 6 and 7 are respectively connected to both ends of second matching block 3. Here, since first matching block 2 is a matching circuit for the frequency band f1, impedance matching is obtained with impedance Z0 of element 9 at point A at frequency f1. Accordingly, by making a design so that, in the frequency band f1, the combined impedance Zπ seen from point A toward the second terminal P2 side becomes identical to Z0 (Z0=Zπ), it is possible to remove the influence of the impedance of second matching block 3 in the frequency band f1. Specifically, if the impedance of auxiliary matching block 6 is taken to be Z3 and the impedance of auxiliary matching block 7 is taken to be Z4, Z3 and Z4 may be designed so that the condition shown in Eq. 2 is met.
Zπ=(Z0Z2Z3+Z4Z2Z3+Z0Z4Z3)/(Z0Z4+Z0Z2+Z0Z3+Z4Z2+Z1Z3) (2)
As was stated above, in the frequency band f1, it is first matching block 2 which operates to match impedance Z_L(f1) of element 1 to impedance Z0 of element 9. Also, it is second matching block 3 which operates to match the impedance Z_L(f2) of element 1, changed by the modification of the frequency band from f1 to f2, to the impedance Z0 of element 9. Further, it is auxiliary matching blocks 6 and 7 which operate to remove the influence of second matching block 3 which is a hindrance in frequency band f1.
Matching circuit part 8 in FIG. 5 can also be configured with a T-type circuit. An example where the matching circuit part has been configured with a T-type circuit is shown in FIG. 7. In FIG. 7, second matching block 3 in FIG. 5 is replaced by a second matching block 31 and a series second matching block 32. One end of second matching block 31 is connected to point A. The other end of second matching block 31 is connected to one end of series second matching block 32. The other end of series second matching block 32 is connected to second terminal P2. To the connection point of second matching block 31 and series second matching block 32, there is connected an auxiliary matching block 34 via a switching element 33.
The relationship between FIG. 5 and FIG. 7 cannot be converted with the well known Y-Δ conversion (T-π conversion) relationship. In order to adopt a matching circuit equivalent to that of FIG. 5, first, the value of the impedance of second matching block 3 must be Z2 as a condition in frequency band f2. Consequently, if the impedance of second matching block 31 is taken to be Za and the impedance of series second matching block 32 is taken to be Zb, the relationship Z2=Za+Zb must be satisfied. In order to choose a T-type circuit which is equivalent to a π-type circuit, the impedance value of auxiliary matching block 34 may be designed by adding this condition. Of course, it goes without saying that matching block part 8 may be designed with a T-type circuit from the beginning. In this way, it is possible for matching circuit part 8 to have a configuration which is not limited to a π-type circuit but can also be a T-type circuit.

Embodiment 2

FIG. 8 is an example where the basic structure of this invention, shown in FIG. 5, has been generalized so that it can be adapted to a plurality of frequency bands. This matching circuit is composed of first matching block 2, L-type blocks 43 a to 43 n, and shunt circuit blocks 46 a to 46 n. Each L-type block 43 i (i=a to n) is composed of a second matching block 40 i, a first switch element 41 i, and a first auxiliary matching block 42 i. One terminal of second matching block 40 a is connected to first matching block 2. Also, the other end of second matching block 40 a is connected to one terminal of second matching block 40 b. In this way, each second matching block 40 i is connected in series. First auxiliary matching block 42 i is connected, via first switch element 41 i, to the terminal of second matching block 40 i on the side of first terminal P1. In other words, an L-type circuit is formed by means of second matching block 40 i, first switch element 41 i, and first auxiliary matching block 42 i.
To the second terminal P2 side of L-type block 43 n, there are connected in parallel shunt circuit blocks 46 a to 46 n. Each shunt circuit block 46 i (i=a to n) is composed of a second switch element 44 i connected in series and a second auxiliary matching block 45 i.
Below, an explanation will be given on the operation and design method of a matching circuit in which three L-type blocks 43 a to 43 c and three shunt circuit blocks 46 a to 46 c are connected.
First, an explanation will be given for the case of frequency band f4. In the case of frequency band f4, first switch elements 41 a to 41 c and second switch elements 44 a to 44 c are all in a non-conducting state. Element 1 (impedance Z_L(f4)) is connected, via three second matching blocks 40 a to 40 c connected in series, to element 9 (impedance Z0). Here, the impedance Z_L(f) of element 1 changes with frequency. Also, element 9 is a signal source or the like, the impedance of which does not depend on the frequency. Here, second matching block 40 c is designed so that the combined impedance of element 1, first matching block 2, and second matching blocks 40 a and 40 b is converted to Z0. If second matching block 40 c is designed in this way, the impedance Z0 is matched at the second terminal P2 side end of second matching block 40 c.
In the case of frequency band f3, switch element 41 c of L-type block 43 c and second switch element 44 a of shunt circuit block 46 a are chosen to be in a conducting state. In this case, since first auxiliary matching block 42 c and second auxiliary matching block 45 a are connected to both ends of second matching block 40 c, a π-type circuit is configured. Here, second matching block 40 b is designed so that the combined impedance due to element 1 (impedance Z_L(f3)), first matching block 2, and second matching block 40 a is matched to Z0. If second matching block 40 b is designed in this way, the impedance seen from the second terminal P2 side of second matching block 40 b (the first terminal P1 side of second matching block 40 c) toward element 1 becomes Z0. Also, first auxiliary matching block 42 c and second auxiliary matching block 45 a are designed so that Eq. 2 is satisfied at frequency f3. By designing in that way, the impedance seen from the first terminal P1 side of second matching block 40 c (the second terminal P2 side of second matching block 40 b) toward element 9 also becomes Z0. In other words, it is possible to remove the influence of the impedance of second matching block 40 c, so the impedances are matched.
In the case of frequency band f2, switch element 41 b of L-type block 43 b and second switch element 44 b of shunt circuit block 46 b are chosen to be in a conducting state. In this case, since first auxiliary matching block 42 b and second auxiliary matching block 45 b are connected to both ends, connected in series, of second matching block 40 c and second matching block 40 b, a π-type circuit is configured. Second matching block 40 a is designed so that the combined impedance due to element 1 (impedance Z_L(f2)) and first matching block 2 is matched to Z0. If second matching block 40 a is designed in this way, the impedance seen from the second terminal P2 side of second matching block 40 a (the first terminal P1 side of second matching block 40 b) toward element 1 becomes Z0. Also, first auxiliary matching block 42 b and second auxiliary matching block 45 b are designed so that Eq. 2 is satisfied at frequency f2. By designing in that way, the impedance seen from the first terminal P1 side of second matching block 40 b (the second terminal P2 side of second matching block 40 a) toward element 9 also becomes Z0. In other words, it is possible to remove the influence of second matching blocks 40 b and 40 c, so the impedances are matched.
In the case of frequency band f1, switch element 41 a of L-type block 43 a and second switch element 44 c of shunt circuit block 46 c are in a conducting state. In this case, since first auxiliary matching block 42 a and second auxiliary matching block 45 c are connected to both ends of second matching blocks 40 c to 40 a, a π-type circuit is configured. First matching block 2 is designed so that impedance Z_L(f1) of element 1 is matched to Z0. If first matching block 2 is designed in this way, the impedance seen from the second terminal P2 side of first matching block 2 (the first terminal P1 side of second matching block 40 a) toward element 1 becomes Z0. Also, first auxiliary matching block 42 a and second auxiliary matching block 45 c are designed so that Eq. 2 is satisfied at frequency f1. By designing in that way, the impedance seen from the first terminal P1 side of second matching block 40 a (the second terminal P2 side of first matching block 2) toward element 9 also becomes Z0. In other words, it is possible to remove the influence of the impedances of second matching blocks 40 a to 40 c, so the impedances are matched.
As stated above, it is possible to combine three L-type blocks and shunt circuits to match the impedances at four frequencies. If this is generalized, the result is that it is possible, with a combination of N L-type blocks and shunt circuits, to match the impedances in N+1 frequency bands.
FIG. 9 expresses the image of N frequency bands. The abscissa axis of FIG. 9 is the frequency and the ordinate axis is the power of transmission. In this diagram, a relation that the frequency becomes lower as N increases is shown as an example.
Further, in FIG. 8, the frequencies are arranged in the order corresponding to shunt circuit blocks 46 a to 46 n. However, as long as a one-to-one relationship with first auxiliary matching blocks 42 a to 42 n is satisfied, the order of arranging shunt circuit blocks 46 a to 46 n is indifferent.
Also, the second matching block is configured with lumped elements connected in series between the conductively connected first switch element and second switch element. Consequently, even if the number of second matching blocks becomes large, it is possible to make the whole circuit remarkably small, compared to the case of a configuration with transmission lines.

Embodiment 3

A matching circuit generalized by using π-type circuits was explained in FIG. 8, but it is also possible to configure a generalized matching circuit using T-type circuits. In FIG. 10, there is shown an embodiment of a matching circuit using two T-type circuits. This matching circuit is composed of first matching block 2, an L-type block part 63 a, an L-type block part 63 b, and a second matching block 60 c. One end of first matching block 2 is connected to a first terminal P1 at which it is connected to element 1. Also, the other end of first matching block 2 is connected to one end of a second matching block 60 a inside L-type block part 63 a. To the other end of second matching block 60 a, there is connected an auxiliary matching block 62 a via a first switch element 61 a. Moreover, the other end of second matching block 60 a is also connected to one end of a second matching block 60 b inside L-type block part 63 b. To the other end of second matching block 60 b, an auxiliary matching block 62 b is connected via a second switch element 61 b. In addition, the other end of second matching block 60 b is also connected to one end of second matching block 60 c. Here, L-type block part 63 a is composed of second matching block 60 a, first switch element 61 a, and auxiliary matching block 62 a. Also, L-type block part 63 b is composed of second matching block 60 b, second switch element 61 b, and auxiliary matching block 62 b. Also, T- type matching circuits 64 and 65 are composed of two L- type block parts 63 a and 63 b and one second matching block 60 c. T-type matching circuit 64 is composed of second matching blocks 60 a and 60 b, first switch element 61 a, and auxiliary block 62 a. Also, T-type matching circuit 65 is composed of second matching blocks 60 c and 60 b, second switch element 61 b, and auxiliary matching block 62 b. In this way, a matching circuit which matches impedances in three frequency bands is configured in two stages with T- type matching circuits 64 and 65.
In the case of frequency band f3, switch elements 61 a and 61 b are chosen to be in a non-conducting state. The impedance of element 1 changes with the frequency band. Element 1 with an impedance Z_L(f3) is connected, via the serially connected first matching block 2 and second matching blocks 60 a, 60 b, and 60 c, to element 9 which has an impedance of Z0.
Second matching block 60 b and second matching block 60 c are designed so that the combined impedance with element 1, first matching block 2, and second matching block 60 a becomes Z0. By designing second matching block 60 b and second matching block 60 c in this way, it is possible to match the impedances at second terminal P2 of second matching block 60 c.
In the case of frequency band f2, switch element 61 b constituting T-type matching circuit 65 is in a conducting state. Second matching block 60 a is designed so that the combined impedance with element 1, having an impedance Z_L(f²), and first matching block 2 is taken to be Z0. By designing second matching block 60 a in this way, the impedance seen from point D toward element 1 becomes Z0. Also, auxiliary matching block 62 b is designed so that the combined impedance of second matching blocks 60 b and 60 c, auxiliary matching block 62 b, and element 9 becomes Z0. If auxiliary matching block 62 b is designed in this way, the impedance seen from point D toward the element 9 side becomes Z0. Consequently, it is possible to match the impedances at point D. Also, even on the side of second terminal P2, the impedance seen toward element 1 is Z0. Consequently, the combined impedance of second matching blocks 60 c and 60 b and auxiliary matching block 62 b does not exert any influence on the matching condition. In other words, auxiliary matching block 62 b removes the influence of second matching blocks 60 c and 60 b at frequency f2.
In the case of frequency band f1, switch element 61 b constituting T-type matching circuit 65 is in a non-conducting state, and switch element 61 a constituting T-type matching circuit 64 is in a conducting state. First matching block 2 is designed so that the the combined impedance with impedance Z_L(f1) of element 1 becomes Z0. By designing first matching block 2 in this way, the impedance seen from point A toward element 1 becomes Z0. Next, first auxiliary matching block 62 a is designed so that the combined impedance of second matching blocks 60 a, 60 b, and 60 c, auxiliary matching block 62 a, and element 9 becomes Z0. By designing first auxiliary matching block 62 a in this way, the impedance seen from point A toward element 9 becomes Z0. Consequently, it is possible to obtain matching of the impedances at point A. Also, on the second terminal P2 side as well, the impedance seen toward element 1 is Z0. Consequently, the combined impedance of second matching blocks 60 a, 60 b, 60 c and auxiliary matching block 62 a does not exert influence any more on the matching conditions. In other words, auxiliary matching block 62 a removes the influence of second matching blocks 60 a, 60 b, 60 c at the frequency f1.
With the aforementioned explanation, the case where switch element 61 b is non-conducting was explained. However, it is not mandatory to take switch element 61 b to be non-conducting. In case switch element 61 b is taken to be conducting when the frequency band is f1, auxiliary matching block 62 a may be designed with that assumption.
In this way, it is possible to configure a matching circuit handling three frequency bands by means of two T- type matching circuits 64 and 65.

Embodiment 4

An example showing a generalization of the T-type matching circuit explained in Embodiment 3 is shown in FIG. 11. The configuration up to the second-stage L-type block 63 b seen from first matching block 2 is identical to that of FIG. 10. On the second terminal P2 side of second-stage L-type block 63 b, L-type blocks are added. In FIG. 11, a total of N L-type blocks 63 a to 63 n are connected. To the other end of L-type block 63 n, one end of series second matching block 70 is connected, the other end of series second matching block 70 being connected to second terminal P2. N is an integer equal to or greater than 1. The matching circuit shown in FIG. 11 is a subordinate connection configuration of N T-type matching circuits and is capable of matching in N+1 frequency bands. The operation is the same as in FIG. 10.

Embodiment 5

Another T-type matching circuit embodiment is shown in FIG. 12. In FIG. 10, a T-type circuit was formed using second matching blocks of adjacent L-type blocks. FIG. 12 is an example in which a plurality of auxiliary matching blocks are connected, via switch elements, between two second matching blocks connected in series. This matching circuit is composed of first matching block 2 and T- type matching circuits 83 a, 83 b, and 83 c. T-type matching circuit 83 a is composed of second matching blocks 80 a and 80 b, a switch element 81 a, and an auxiliary matching block 82 a. One end of second matching block 80 a is connected to first matching block 2. The other end of second matching block 80 a is connected to one end of second matching block 80 b. Also, auxiliary matching block 82 a is connected, via switch element 81 a, between second matching block 80 a and second matching block 80 b. By this kind of connection relationship, second matching blocks 80 a and 80 b, switch element 81 a, and auxiliary matching block 82 a make up a T-type circuit. T-type matching circuit 83 b is composed of second matching blocks 80 c and 80 d, a switching element 81 b, and an auxiliary matching block 82 b. T-type matching circuit 83 c is composed of second matching blocks 80 c and 80 d, a second switching element 84, and an auxiliary matching block 85. Here, second matching blocks 80 c and 80 d are constituent parts of both T-type matching circuit 83 b and T-type matching circuit 83 c. With this configuration, auxiliary matching block 82 b is connected, via switch element 81 b, to the connection point of second matching block 80 c and second matching block 80 d. Moreover, auxiliary matching block 85 is also connected, via second switch element 84, to the connection point of second matching block 80 c and second matching block 80 d. One end of second matching block 80 c is connected to second matching block 80 b. Also, the other end of second matching block 80 d is connected to the second terminal P2 to which element 9 is connected.
As stated above, a T-type matching circuit may be connected in multiple stages between element 1 and element 9. The present embodiment is capable of matching in three frequency bands by means of three T-type matching circuits.
In the case of frequency band f3, switch elements 81 a and 81 b and second switch element 84 are non-conducting. Second matching blocks 80 c and 80 d are designed so that the combined impedance with element 1 (impedance Z_L(f3)), first matching block 2, and second matching blocks 80 a, 80 b is made to match the impedance Z0 of element 9 in the frequency band f3. Consequently, impedance matching can be obtained at second terminal P2.
In the case of frequency band f2, it is only switch element 81 b forming T-type matching circuit 83 b that is conducting. Second matching blocks 80 a and 80 b are designed so that the combined impedance of element 1 (impedance Z_L(f²)) and first matching block 2 is made to match the impedance Z0 of element 9 in the frequency band f2. Consequently, the impedance seen from the second terminal P2 side of second matching block 80 b (the first terminal P1 side of second matching block 80 c) toward element 1 becomes Z0. Also, auxiliary matching block 82 b is designed so that the combined impedance of second matching blocks 80 c and 80 d, auxiliary matching block 82 b, and element 9 becomes Z0 at the frequency f2. By designing auxiliary matching block 82 b in this way, the impedance seen from the first terminal P1 side of second matching block 80 c (the second terminal P2 side of second matching block 80 b) toward element 9 becomes Z0 at the frequency f2. Consequently, the impedances are matched.
In the case of frequency band f1, switch element 81 a and second switch element 84 are conducting. First matching block 2 is designed so that the impedance of element 1 (impedance Z_L(f2)) is made to match the impedance Z0 of element 9 in the frequency band f1. Consequently, the impedance seen from the second terminal P2 side of first matching block 2 toward element 1 becomes Z0. Auxiliary matching block 82 a and 85 are designed so that, in the frequency band f1, the combined impedance of second matching blocks 80 a, 80 b, 80 c and 80 d, auxiliary matching block 82 a, and element 9 becomes Z0. Consequently, the impedance seen from the second terminal P2 side of first matching block 2 (the first terminal P1 side of second matching block 80 a) toward element 9 becomes Z0.
In this way, in the case of connecting T-type matching circuits, the two second matching blocks and the auxiliary matching block only make up a set with respect to one frequency band. In order to make the second matching blocks handle a plurality of frequency bands, a plurality of auxiliary matching blocks becomes necessary.

Embodiment 6

As explained in Embodiment 5, in the case of connecting T-type matching circuits, there are cases in which, for two second matching blocks, a plurality of auxiliary matching blocks becomes necessary. In FIG. 13, there is shown a configuration example of a matching circuit using an additional auxiliary matching block. FIG. 13 shows a configuration example where a second switch element 90 and a second auxiliary matching block 91 have been connected in series with auxiliary matching block 82 b of FIG. 12. Having auxiliary matching blocks connected in series in two stages is done so that second matching blocks 80 c and 80 d constituting T-type matching circuit 83 b can handle two frequency bands.
In the case of this example, in order for the circuit to function also in the case where only switch 81 b is conducting, it is necessary to choose auxiliary matching block 82 b to be a transmission line. In case it is not desired to provide such conditions, switch element 81 b may be configured with a Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) switch or a multi-contact switch, and switching may be performed between auxiliary matching blocks with different values.
If the circuit configuration is such that the impedance of the second matching block inserted between element 1 and element 9 can be made Z0, seen from both the aforementioned matching point and the element 9 directions, the invention is not limited to the T type or the π type.

Embodiment 7

In the explanations so far, the second matching blocks were explained as black boxes. In FIG. 14, there is shown a configuration example of second matching block 3 of FIG. 5. Second matching block 3 is constituted by an L-type circuit consisting of a series matching block 100, a switch element 101 for matching, and a matching element 102. One end of series matching block 100 is connected to first matching block 2. Matching element 102 is connected to the other end of series matching block 100 via switch element 101 for matching.
In the case of frequency band f1, switch elements 4 and 5 are in a non-conducting state, and only switch element 101 for matching is conducting. At this point, the sum of the impedances of element 1 and first matching block 2 are matched to impedance Z0 of element 9 by means of series matching block 100 and matching element 102.
In the case of frequency band f2, switch elements 4 and 5 are made to conduct and switch element 101 for matching is chosen to be non-conducting. As for this configuration, it is possible, by the existence of matching element 102, to broaden the options of second matching block 3 and auxiliary matching block 6 and 7. In other words, it is possible to increase the freedom in designing second matching block 3 by configuring second matching block 3 with series matching block 100, first switch element 101 for matching, and matching element 102. In general, the values of the lumped elements constituting second matching block 3 are discrete, making delicate tuning difficult. However, according to this embodiment, it is possible to broaden the lumped element options.

Embodiment 8

Another configuration of the second matching block is shown in FIG. 15. Second matching block 3 in FIG. 15 is constituted by a T-type circuit consisting of second matching blocks 60 a and 60 b, a switch element 110 for matching, and a matching element 111. Second matching block 60 a and second matching block 60 b are connected in series. One end of second matching block 60 a is connected to first matching block 2. The other end of second matching block 60 b is connected to second terminal P2. Matching element 111 is connected, via switch element 110 for matching, to the connection point of second matching block 60 a and second matching block 60 b.
Switch element 110 for matching and matching element 111 are provided in order to increase the freedom in designing the second matching blocks and auxiliary matching block 7 and auxiliary matching block 6. Regarding the function, it is the same as in Embodiment 7.

Embodiment 9

Another configuration of the second matching blocks is shown in FIG. 16. FIG. 16 differs from FIG. 7 in the point that, on the second terminal P2 side of T-type matching circuit part 30, there are provided a switch element 120 form matching and a matching element 121. In the case of frequency f2, switch element 33 and switch element 120 for matching are e.g. made to conduct exclusively. Matching element 121 and second matching block 31 and 32 are designed so that the combined impedance with element 1 and first matching block 2 is chosen to be Z0. By configuring the circuit in this way, it is possible to increase the freedom in designing the second matching blocks.

Embodiment 10

In the same way as configuring second matching block 3 by using a plurality of elements, first matching block 2 may also be configured with a plurality of elements. A configuration example thereof is shown in FIG. 17. In this example, first matching block 2 is composed of a first series matching block 130 and an auxiliary matching block 131 connected to one end thereof. Further, auxiliary matching block 131 may be connected to either end of first series matching block 130. First series matching block 130 is connected to element 9 via matching circuit part 8.
As for the configuration of the first matching block, modes other than this are possible. All things considered, in a predetermined frequency band f, if the impedance seen from point A toward element 1 (impedance Z_L(f)) can be chosen to be Z0, any circuit configuration is acceptable.

Application Example

An exemplification of the matching circuit which has been gradually explained this far is shown in FIG. 18. FIG. 18 is an example applied to an amplifying circuit operating in two frequency bands, the 2 GHz band and the 1 GHz band. On the input side of an FET 140, which is a power amplifier element, the matching circuit shown in FIG. 17 is connected, and on the input side, the matching circuit shown in FIG. 16 is connected. As for the matching circuit on the input side, first matching block 2 has become a first matching block 141. The output side matching circuit has, based on the matching circuit shown in FIG. 16, first matching block 2 configured with a first matching block 142.
The operation has been explained this far, so an explanation thereof will be omitted. In FIG. 19A and FIG. 19B, the simulation results for the amplifier in FIG. 18 are shown. FIG. 19A is a diagram showing the frequency characteristics in the case where the circuit has been set for the 2 GHz band. The abscissa axis indicates the frequency and the ordinate axis indicates the S parameter. The reflection S₁₁of the signal input into first terminal P1 gets attenuated abruptly at 2 GHz. The transmission S₂₁of the signal input in first terminal P1 exhibits a value of approximately 14 dB at 2 GHz, so the circuit transmits well. FIG. 19B is a diagram showing the frequency characteristics in the case where the circuit has been set for the 1 GHz band. The reflection S₁₁of the signal input into first terminal P1 gets attenuated abruptly at 1 GHz. The transmission S₂₁of the signal input in first terminal P1 exhibits a value of approximately 19 dB at 1 GHz, so the circuit transmits well. It is seen that the matching circuit according to the present invention functions as a multiband matching circuit.
The matching circuit according to the present invention has an impedance seen from both ends of a second matching block, inserted between element 9 and element 1 and formed with lumped-parameter elements, which is made to match the impedance Z0 by means of an auxiliary matching block. Also, by raising the number of auxiliary matching blocks, a matching circuit handling a plurality of frequency bands is adopted. Further, since the second matching block is formed with lumped elements, it can be made smaller than prior-art matching circuits configured with transmission lines.
The effect of the reduction in size is possible to see by comparing FIG. 3 showing a conventional matching circuit and FIG. 5 showing the matching circuit of the present invention. FIG. 3 and FIG. 5 are diagrams of circuits made capable of matching in two frequency bands together. As against the conventional matching circuit (FIG. 3), the matching circuit of the present invention (FIG. 5) requires in total two additional components, one switch element and one auxiliary matching circuit. However, the delay circuit 172 required in the conventional matching circuit is a large-size component. The size thereof varies with the frequency band and the used power amplification element, but when e.g., the frequency band is taken to be 1 GHz with a certain amplification element, the width is 0.63 mm and the length is 9.22 mm, or the length is 15.32 mm.
On the other hand, the matching circuit of the present invention can be configured with a chip circuit commonly known by the name 0603 and having a width of 0.3 mm and a length of 0.6 mm and a Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit several mm square. In other words, all of the components constituting the matching circuit of the present invention end up amply fitting into the space of delay circuit 172. In order to handle still more frequency bands, the number of delay circuits 172 must be increased. Consequently, as a matching circuit for multiband use, the matching circuit of the present invention can be further reduced in size, compared to a conventional matching circuit.

Claims

1. A matching circuit making the impedance at predetermined plural frequencies match with an element whose impedance has frequency-dependent characteristics, comprising:

a first matching block connected at one end to a first terminal to which said element whose impedance has frequency-dependent characteristics is connected;

one or more second matching blocks consisting of lumped elements and connected in series to said first matching block;

one or more switch elements; and

one or more auxiliary matching blocks connected to said second matching block(s) via said switch element(s).

2. The matching circuit according to claim 1, comprising:

N L-type circuits each consisting of one said second matching block and a series circuit of one first said switch element (below referred to as the “first switch element”), connected to one end of said second matching block, and one first said auxiliary matching block (below referred to as the “first auxiliary matching block”); and

N shunt circuit block parts, each consisting of a series circuit of one second said switch element (below referred to as the “second switch element”) and one second said auxiliary matching block (below referred to as the “second auxiliary matching block”); and

wherein

N is an integer equal to or greater than 1,

said N L-type circuits have one end of the second matching block of the first L-type circuit connected in series to said first matching block and one end of the second matching block of the next-stage L-type circuit connected to the other end of said second matching block,

N said shunt circuit block parts are connected to the other end of the second matching block of the last-stage L-type circuit, and

a π-type circuit is formed by a second auxiliary matching block connected to one said second switch element made to conduct, a first auxiliary matching block connected to one said first switch element made to conduct, and the second matching blocks between these.

3. The matching circuit according to claim 1, comprising

N L-type circuits each consisting of said second matching block and a series circuit of said switch element, connected to one end of said second matching block, and said auxiliary matching block; and a series second matching block;

wherein

N being an integer equal to or greater than 1,

one end of said second matching block is connected to the other end of the second matching block of the last-stage L-type circuit;

the other end of said second matching block is connected to an element whose characteristics do not depend on the frequency, and

a T-type circuit is constituted by one said series circuit, said switch element of which is taken to be in a conducting state, and the second matching blocks on both sides thereof.,

4. The matching circuit according to claim 2 or 3, wherein N equals 1.

5. The matching circuit according to any of claims 1 to 4,

wherein said second matching block is constituted by an L-type circuit consisting of a series matching block and a series circuit of a switch element, connected to said series matching block, and a matching element.

6. A matching circuit, comprising:

a first matching block connected at one end to a first terminal to which an element whose impedance has frequency-dependent characteristics is connected; and

a matching circuit part constituting a π-type circuit by a second matching block connected in series to said first matching block, and switch element and auxiliary matching block series circuits respectively connected to both ends of said second matching block; and

wherein said second matching block is constituted by lumped elements.

7. A matching circuit, comprising:

a matching circuit part constituting a T-type circuit by a second matching block connected at one end to said first matching block, the next second matching block connected at one end to the other end of said second matching block, a series circuit of a switch element, connected between said second matching block and the next second matching block, and an auxiliary matching block; and

wherein said second matching block and said series second matching block are constituted by lumped elements.