US20060216400A1 - Use of a phosphate mixture for the production of concentrated solutions and brine for the food industry - Google Patents
Use of a phosphate mixture for the production of concentrated solutions and brine for the food industry Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060216400A1 US20060216400A1 US10/499,682 US49968202A US2006216400A1 US 20060216400 A1 US20060216400 A1 US 20060216400A1 US 49968202 A US49968202 A US 49968202A US 2006216400 A1 US2006216400 A1 US 2006216400A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- phosphate
- mixture
- brine
- brines
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 title abstract description 17
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 title description 15
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 235000019830 sodium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical class [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 10
- OQZCJRJRGMMSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium metaphosphate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]P(=O)=O OQZCJRJRGMMSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019828 potassium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 45
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 239000001177 diphosphate Substances 0.000 description 13
- RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrapotassium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 12
- ZVXSESPJMKNIQA-YXMSTPNBSA-N Lys-Thr-Pro-Pro Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N1[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC1 ZVXSESPJMKNIQA-YXMSTPNBSA-N 0.000 description 11
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000001226 triphosphate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 9
- UBWXUGDQUBIEIZ-QNTYDACNSA-N nandrolone phenpropionate Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]4CCC(=O)C=C4CC3)CC[C@@]21C)C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 UBWXUGDQUBIEIZ-QNTYDACNSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000019817 tetrapotassium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- MGMXGCZJYUCMGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(4-nonylphenyl) phosphite Chemical compound C1=CC(CCCCCCCCC)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C=CC(CCCCCCCCC)=CC=1)OC1=CC=C(CCCCCCCCC)C=C1 MGMXGCZJYUCMGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000019831 pentapotassium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ATGAWOHQWWULNK-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentapotassium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O ATGAWOHQWWULNK-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 4
- HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentasodium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 3
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940093916 potassium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011178 triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000002264 triphosphate group Chemical class [H]OP(=O)(O[H])OP(=O)(O[H])OP(=O)(O[H])O* 0.000 description 2
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 1
- 101710194948 Protein phosphatase PhpP Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015242 cooked ham Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010855 food raising agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013376 functional food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVLTXCYWHPZMCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N po4-po4 Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O QVLTXCYWHPZMCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003244 pro-oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 235000014102 seafood Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/14—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12
- A23B4/18—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B4/24—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/02—Preserving by means of inorganic salts
- A23B4/027—Preserving by means of inorganic salts by inorganic salts other than kitchen salt, or mixtures thereof with organic compounds, e.g. biochemical compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/40—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof containing additives
- A23L13/42—Additives other than enzymes or microorganisms in meat products or meat meals
- A23L13/432—Addition of inorganic compounds, e.g. minerals; oligo-elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/70—Tenderised or flavoured meat pieces; Macerating or marinating solutions specially adapted therefor
- A23L13/72—Tenderised or flavoured meat pieces; Macerating or marinating solutions specially adapted therefor using additives, e.g. by injection of solutions
- A23L13/75—Tenderised or flavoured meat pieces; Macerating or marinating solutions specially adapted therefor using additives, e.g. by injection of solutions using macerating or marinating solutions, e.g. marinades containing spices, acids, condiments or flavouring agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/40—Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/358—Inorganic compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
Definitions
- the subject matter of the present invention is a novel phosphate mixture, characterized by its excellent solubility in water and aqueous solutions containing salt (brines).
- Phosphate salts have been used for a long time in the food industry.
- a great many special uses for phosphates in the food industry for example their use for the processing of meat, fish, beverages and milk products, are described in the article “Phosphates in food” by Ricardo Molins, CRC Press, 1991.
- Phosphates represent so-called functional food additives, meaning their use depends on the area of application and is specifically directed toward diverse problem definitions.
- properties which include:
- a buffering effect for the pH adjustment as well as the pH stabilization
- the respective function depends on the structure and/or the condensation degree, the pH value and the cation of the salt.
- KTPP, TKPP, NPP, MNP and/or MKP are used as phosphate salts.
- phosphate solutions or phosphate brines for example in the area of meat processing (e.g. the production of pickled items for cooking), as well as for treating seafood products (fish filet, crustaceans, types of mollusks, etc.).
- Phosphates must have the following critical properties to be able to use them effectively and with high functionality:
- Essential to the invention is the use of a so-called clear soluble potassium polyphosphate which is extracted from a melt having a P 2 O 5 content of 46.0 to 47.0%, preferably 46.4 to 46.8 and especially preferred 46.4% and stoichiometrically consists of a mixture of potassium phosphate and tetrapotassiumdiphosphate at a ratio of approximately 3:1.
- the melt is produced by mixing corresponding amounts of potassiumphosphates, in particular tripotassiumphosphate with P 2 O 5 and heating it to the melting temperature and leaving it at this temperature until the reaction balance is adjusted.
- a mixture is thus formed which contains only small amounts of orthophosphates and diphosphates in addition to potassiumphosphate and tetrapotassiumdiphosphate, as well as the harder to dissolve potassiummetaphosphates which are responsible for the cloudiness of the polyphosphate solution outside of this narrow range; see phase diagram by J. R. van Wazer, Phosphorous and its compounds, Vol. VI, page 608.
- the KTPP mentioned in Table 3 is highly soluble (64 g/100 g solution) and is also soluble in the presence of cooking salt, but is cloudy.
- the sodiumpolyphosphates mentioned in Tables 3 and 4 are also highly soluble, but lack the functional shares of diphosphates and triphosphates listed under requirement 5.
- Example 1 and Example 2 show a traditional sequence for the solubility, meaning the phosphate type and/or the phosphate combination is dissolved as the first component in water. Following this, the respective amount of sodium chloride (cooking salt) is dissolved.
- Example 3 additionally shows the synergic effect of the mixture according to the invention.
- an “inverse sequence” can be used for the solution, meaning the phosphate is stirred into a salt solution and is soluble—a property that phosphates or phosphate combinations known so far do not have.
- Table 4 Synergistic effect of the mixture according to the invention on the solubility and stability in salt-containing aqueous solutions (brines).
- the amount of 5 g phosphate (phosphate mixture) is dissolved by stirring it into 75 g water and the amount of 20 g cooking salt is then added.
- the brine is analyzed to determine whether it is stable over a longer period of time (16 h), meaning no precipitation (excess solute) occurs.
- the amount of 8 g phosphate (phosphate mixture) is dissolved by stirring it into 68 g water. Subsequently, the amount of 24 g cooking salt is added and the brine is then analyzed over a longer period of time (16 h) to determine whether it is stable, meaning no precipitations (excess solutes) occur.
- the amount of 22 g of cooking salt is dissolved by stirring it into 72.5 g water. Subsequently, the amount of 5.5 g phosphate (phosphate mixture) is stirred in. The brine is then analyzed over a longer period of time (16 h) to determine whether it is stable, meaning that no precipitations (excess solutes) occur.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a novel phosphate mixture, which is characterised by the excellent solubility thereof in water and in aqueous solutions containing salt (brine). The novel phosphate mixture is characterised in that it is made of the following components: 1) 60-85 wt. % of a clear-soluble potassium tripolyphosphate having a P2O5 content of 46.0 wt. %-47.0 wt. %, preferably 46.4 46.8 wt. %, especially 46.4 wt % and a K2O/P2O5 Mol ratio of 1.70 1.78, preferably 1.73 1.75 and especially 1.74, 2) 15-39 wt. % of sodium polyphosphate NPP, 3.) 1-5 wt. % XH2PO4, whereby X═Na and is K, whereby the mixture has a pH-value of between 8-10, preferably 8.5 9.5 and has an opacity in water and brine of <5 TE/F.
Description
- The subject matter of the present invention is a novel phosphate mixture, characterized by its excellent solubility in water and aqueous solutions containing salt (brines).
- Phosphate salts have been used for a long time in the food industry. A great many special uses for phosphates in the food industry, for example their use for the processing of meat, fish, beverages and milk products, are described in the article “Phosphates in food” by Ricardo Molins, CRC Press, 1991. Phosphates represent so-called functional food additives, meaning their use depends on the area of application and is specifically directed toward diverse problem definitions. Responsible for such a wide use spectrum of the phosphates are their properties, which include:
- A buffering effect (for the pH adjustment as well as the pH stabilization);
- The capacity to form complexes on multi-valent cations and thus indirectly connected the function as anti-oxidant (through bonding of pro-oxidative cations) and as anti-microbial substance, as well as for influencing the consistency;
- The function as polyanion in an interaction with different protein fractions of individual food items;
- The capacity for souring (for pH adjustment in beverages and as souring component in leavening agents).
- The respective function depends on the structure and/or the condensation degree, the pH value and the cation of the salt.
- The chemical terms used for the individual phosphates in this invention are as follows:
- STPP or NTPP sodiumtripolyphosphate
- KTTP potassiumtripolyphosphate
- TKPP tetrapotassiumdiphosphate
- TNPP tetrasodiumdiphosphate
- NPP sodiumpolyphosphate
- KPP potassiumpolyphosphate
- MNP monosodiumphosphate
- DNP disodiumphosphate
- TNP trisodiummonophosphate
- MKP monopotassiumphosphate
- DKP dipotassiumphosphate
- According to the present invention, KTPP, TKPP, NPP, MNP and/or MKP are used as phosphate salts.
- In addition to the direct admixture of phosphates in the form of a dry substance (powdered form) in the food industry, liquid forms are used for a number of application cases, so-called phosphate solutions or phosphate brines, for example in the area of meat processing (e.g. the production of pickled items for cooking), as well as for treating seafood products (fish filet, crustaceans, types of mollusks, etc.). Phosphates must have the following critical properties to be able to use them effectively and with high functionality:
- 1.) They must have a pH value (aqueous solution) of 8 to 10.
- 2.) They must be highly water soluble.
- 3.) They must have high solubility in salt-containing solutions (brines).
- 4.) The prepared solutions must be clear and free of residues, meaning there should be no precipitations and no excess solutes.
- 5.) As functional component of the food item with additive, it should contain a certain share of sodium and/or potassium diphosphates and/or triphosphates.
A person skilled in the art of the food industry understands brines to be solutions in which high concentrations of cooking salt (NaCl) are dissolved up to the point of saturation. A series of commercially available phosphates and phosphate mixtures for the meat and fish industry meet individual properties that are required, but not all of them.
Thus, it is the object of the present invention to find a phosphate mixture that meets all of the above-stated requirements. - The novel phosphate mixture is characterized in that it comprises the following components:
- 1.) 60 to 85 weight % of a clear soluble potassiumtripolyphosphate with a P2O5 content of 46.0 weight % to 47.0 weight %, preferably 46.4-46.8 weight % and in particular 46.4 weight %, as well as a K2O/P2O5 mole ratio of 1.74 to 1.78, preferably 1.73 to 1.75, and in particular 1.74.
- 2.) 15 to 39 weight % sodiumpolyphosphate NPP
- 3.) 1 to 5 weight % XaH2PO4 and/or X2H4P2O7, with X═Na and K,
wherein the mixture has a pH value of 8 to 10, preferably 8.5 to 9.5, and shows clouding in water and brines of <5TE/F.
The clouding is measured with standard measuring devices for this technical area. - Essential to the invention is the use of a so-called clear soluble potassium polyphosphate which is extracted from a melt having a P2O5 content of 46.0 to 47.0%, preferably 46.4 to 46.8 and especially preferred 46.4% and stoichiometrically consists of a mixture of potassium phosphate and tetrapotassiumdiphosphate at a ratio of approximately 3:1. The melt is produced by mixing corresponding amounts of potassiumphosphates, in particular tripotassiumphosphate with P2O5 and heating it to the melting temperature and leaving it at this temperature until the reaction balance is adjusted. A mixture is thus formed which contains only small amounts of orthophosphates and diphosphates in addition to potassiumphosphate and tetrapotassiumdiphosphate, as well as the harder to dissolve potassiummetaphosphates which are responsible for the cloudiness of the polyphosphate solution outside of this narrow range; see phase diagram by J. R. van Wazer, Phosphorous and its compounds, Vol. VI, page 608.
- In Tables 1 and 2, the recipe for producing the mixture according to the invention are listed, taking into account that the desired pH value of the mixture according to the invention can be adjusted with the aid of Na/K orthophosphates (Table 1), as well as with Na/K diphosphates (Table 2).
TABLE 1 Example for producing the mixture according to the invention by using N/K orthophosphates for the pH value adjustment. min. max. typical orthophosphate 1% 5% 1-2% (MxH3−xPO4) X = 0-3 M = Na, K clear soluble KTPP 60% 85% 70% (potassiumtripolyphosphate) sodiumpolyphosphate 15% 39% 28-30% with P2O5 content of 60-71.5% P2O5 content 47 55 50 pH value 8 10 9 clouding (6% solution) <5 TE/F -
TABLE 2 Example for producing the mixture according to the invention by using Na/K diphosphates for the pH value adjustment. min. max. typical disodiumphosphate 1% 5% 1-2% (MxH4−xP2O7) M = Na and x = [4, 3, 2] and/or M = K and x = 4 clear soluble KTPP 60% 85% 70% (potassiumtripolyphosphate) sodiumpolyphosphate 15% 39% 28-30% with P2O5 content of 60-71.5% P2O5 content 47 55 50 pH value 8 10 9 clouding (6% solution) <5 TE/F - The main components (sodiumpolyphosphate and potassiumtripolyphosphate) of the mixture according to the invention by themselves show a high solubility limit in water (>50%) (see Table 3).
TABLE 3 Solubility limit (in g phosphate mixture per 100 g solution) of the mixture according to the invention as compared to phosphate mixtures based on the prior art: g phosphate/100 g solution Type of phosphate [% m/m] mixture according to the invention 50 pentapotassiumtriphosphate (KTPP) 64 very cloudy! clear soluble KTPP >50 pentasodiumtriphosphate (NTPP) 14 tetrapotassiumdiphosphate (TKPP) 65 NTPP/TNPP - 90:10 blend 17 NTPP/polyphosphate 80:20 blend 16 sodiumpolyphosphate >50 - Furthermore, individual main components of the mixture according to the invention have good solubility properties even in brines (see Table 4; Example 1).
- The phosphate types and/or phosphate combinations known so far exhibit individual properties of the aforementioned required properties, but not all of them:
- Thus, the KTPP mentioned in Table 3 is highly soluble (64 g/100 g solution) and is also soluble in the presence of cooking salt, but is cloudy.
- The sodiumpolyphosphates mentioned in Tables 3 and 4 are also highly soluble, but lack the functional shares of diphosphates and triphosphates listed under requirement 5.
- By producing a mixture comprising both main components of the mixture according to the invention and an additional phosphate for the pH adjustment (orthophosphate or di-phosphate), synergic effects are used that increase the solubility in highly concentrated brines.
- The synergic effect of the mixture according to the invention and its impact on the solubility in salt-containing solutions are demonstrated with the aid of 3 examples shown in Table 4.
- Example 1 and Example 2 show a traditional sequence for the solubility, meaning the phosphate type and/or the phosphate combination is dissolved as the first component in water. Following this, the respective amount of sodium chloride (cooking salt) is dissolved.
- In the food industry, e.g. for producing cooked ham, it is standard procedure to first dissolve the phosphate in water and then add the cooking salt. The so-called inverse preparation technique is understood to mean that the cooking salt solution (brine) is first produced and the phosphate is then added.
- Example 3 additionally shows the synergic effect of the mixture according to the invention. With this mixture, an “inverse sequence” can be used for the solution, meaning the phosphate is stirred into a salt solution and is soluble—a property that phosphates or phosphate combinations known so far do not have.
- Table 4: Synergistic effect of the mixture according to the invention on the solubility and stability in salt-containing aqueous solutions (brines).
- Solubility in Salt-Containing Aqueous Solutions (Brines)
- The amount of 5 g phosphate (phosphate mixture) is dissolved by stirring it into 75 g water and the amount of 20 g cooking salt is then added. The brine is analyzed to determine whether it is stable over a longer period of time (16 h), meaning no precipitation (excess solute) occurs.
Analysis of brine stability of different phosphates/phosphate mixtures in the system with 5% phosphate, 20% NaCl and 75% water phosphate mixture according to the + invention pentapotassiumtriphosphate (KTPP) +*) pentasodiumtriphosphate (NTPP) − tetrapotassiumdiphosphate (TKPP) − NTPP/TNPP - 90:10 blend − sodiumpolyphosphate +
*)Following the preparation, a cloudy solution results with low precipitation (excess solute) after 16 hours.
Evaluation:
+ = stable brine
− = precipitations/excess solutes occur
- Solubility in Salt-Containing Aqueous Solutions (Brines) in a Traditional Sequence
- The amount of 8 g phosphate (phosphate mixture) is dissolved by stirring it into 68 g water. Subsequently, the amount of 24 g cooking salt is added and the brine is then analyzed over a longer period of time (16 h) to determine whether it is stable, meaning no precipitations (excess solutes) occur.
Analysis of the brine stability of various phosphates/phosphate mixtures in the system containing 8% phosphate, 24% NaCl, 68% water phosphate mixture according to the + invention pentapotassiumtriphosphate (KTPP) − (no stable brine after 16 h) clear soluble KTPP − (no stable brine after 16 h) (NTPP) − (not soluble in brines) tetrapotassiumdiphosphate (TKPP) − (not soluble in brines) pentasodiumtriphosphate (NTPP) − (not soluble in brines) tetrasodiumdiphosphate (TNPP) 90:10 blend sodiumpolyphosphate − (no stable brine after 16 h)
Analysis:
+ = stable brine
− = precipitations/excess solutes occur
- Solubility and Stability of Phosphates in Salt-Containing Aqueous Solutions (Brines) for Inverse Preparation of the Brine.
- The amount of 22 g of cooking salt is dissolved by stirring it into 72.5 g water. Subsequently, the amount of 5.5 g phosphate (phosphate mixture) is stirred in. The brine is then analyzed over a longer period of time (16 h) to determine whether it is stable, meaning that no precipitations (excess solutes) occur.
Analysis of brine stability of different phosphates/phosphate mixtures in the inverse system containing 22% NaCl, 72.5% water, 5.5% phosphate phosphate mixture according to the + invention pentapotassiumtriphosphate (KTPP) +*) clear soluble KTPP − pentasodiumtriphosphate (NTPP) − tetrapotassiumdiphosphate (TKPP) − NTPP/TNPP —90:10 blend − sodiumpolyphosphate (P2O5 = 60%) − sodiumpolyphosphate (P2O5 = 68%) +
*)Following preparation, a cloudy solution is obtained and after 16 h precipitations (excess solutes) occur.
Evaluation:
+ = stable brine
− = precipitations/excess solutes occur
Claims (2)
1. The use of a phosphate mixture composed of:
a.) 60 to 85 weight % of a clear soluble potassiumpolyphosphate with a P2O5 content of 46.0 weight % to 47.0 weight % and a K2O/P2O5 mole ratio of 1.7 to 1.78,
b.) 15 to 39 weight % sodiumpolyphosphate,
c.) 1 to 5 weight % XH2PO4 and/or X2H4P2O7, with X═Na and/or K,
wherein the mixture has a pH value of 8 to 10, preferably 8.5 to 9.5 and cloudiness in water and brines of <5 TE/F, for use in the production of phosphate-containing brines in the food industry.
2. The method for producing phosphate-containing brines, composed of 60 to 85 weight % of a clear soluble potassiumpolyphosphate with a P2O5 content of 46.0 weight % to 47.0 weight %, preferably 46.4-46.8 weight %, in particular 46.4 weight % and a K2O/P2O5 mole ratio of 1.74 to 1.78, preferably 1.73 to 1.75 and in particular 1.74, further composed of 15 to 39 weight % sodiumpolyphosphate and 1 to 5 weight % XH2PO4 and/or X2H4P2O7, with X═Na and/or K, characterized in that potassiumphosphate salts or potassiumoxide and P2O5 are mixed at the desired potassium:phosphorus ratio, that the mixture is heated to the melting temperature and is kept at this temperature until a balanced reaction forms, that the mixture is then drained, finely ground and mixed at the specified ratio with correspondingly ground powders of sodium polyphosphate, XH2PO4 and/or X2H4P2O7, with X═Na and/or K.
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US11/254,740 US7641932B2 (en) | 2001-12-22 | 2005-10-21 | Use of a phosphate mixture for the production of concentrated solutions and brine for the food industry |
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DE10163954.6-41 | 2001-12-22 | ||
DE10163954.6A DE10163954C5 (en) | 2001-12-22 | 2001-12-22 | Use of a phosphate mixture for the production of concentrated solutions and brine sheets for the food industry |
PCT/EP2002/014272 WO2003055318A1 (en) | 2001-12-22 | 2002-12-14 | Use of a phosphate mixture for the production of concentrated solutions and brine for the food industry |
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US20060216400A1 true US20060216400A1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
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US10/499,682 Abandoned US20060216400A1 (en) | 2001-12-22 | 2002-12-14 | Use of a phosphate mixture for the production of concentrated solutions and brine for the food industry |
US11/254,740 Active 2027-05-29 US7641932B2 (en) | 2001-12-22 | 2005-10-21 | Use of a phosphate mixture for the production of concentrated solutions and brine for the food industry |
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US (2) | US20060216400A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1471793B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE473634T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002360979A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0215297B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10163954C5 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2348132T3 (en) |
NO (1) | NO328113B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003055318A1 (en) |
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WO2005009137A1 (en) * | 2003-07-21 | 2005-02-03 | Danisco Usa Inc. | Improved yield and shelf life for meats |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4867958A (en) * | 1985-03-04 | 1989-09-19 | Occidental Chemical Corporation | Homogenous mixtures of polyphosphates |
US4948621A (en) * | 1989-05-12 | 1990-08-14 | Fmc Corporation | Composition for treatment meat |
US6929705B2 (en) * | 2001-04-30 | 2005-08-16 | Ak Steel Corporation | Antimicrobial coated metal sheet |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CH474452A (en) * | 1963-02-07 | 1969-06-30 | Knapsack Ag | Process for the production of alkali and / or alkaline earth phosphates |
DE2165737A1 (en) * | 1971-12-30 | 1973-08-16 | Appleman Jun | Meat products with low sodium content - using potassium phosphate binder |
US4798712A (en) * | 1985-03-04 | 1989-01-17 | Occidental Chemical Corporation | Homogeneous mixtures of polyphosphates |
US4746522A (en) * | 1986-02-19 | 1988-05-24 | Wofford Miles D | Composition and method for treating meat to reduce moisture loss during cooking |
DE19633895C1 (en) * | 1996-08-22 | 1997-11-20 | Benckiser Knapsack Ladenburg | Acid sodium poly:phosphate use as mould and yeast growth inhibitor |
DE19727144A1 (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 1999-01-07 | Bk Giulini Chem Gmbh & Co Ohg | Soluble, acidic polyphosphates and process and device for their production |
AU5638800A (en) * | 1999-06-28 | 2001-01-31 | Astaris Llc | High potassium polyphosphate and method for its preparation |
DE60025378T2 (en) * | 1999-10-05 | 2006-09-28 | Astaris Llc | USE OF WATER-SOLUBLE PHOSPHATES FOR CONTROLLING "PSE FORMATION" IN MUSCLE MEAT, |
-
2001
- 2001-12-22 DE DE10163954.6A patent/DE10163954C5/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2002
- 2002-12-14 ES ES02795192T patent/ES2348132T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-14 BR BRPI0215297-5A patent/BR0215297B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-12-14 AT AT02795192T patent/ATE473634T1/en active
- 2002-12-14 WO PCT/EP2002/014272 patent/WO2003055318A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-12-14 AU AU2002360979A patent/AU2002360979A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-14 US US10/499,682 patent/US20060216400A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-14 DE DE50214541T patent/DE50214541D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-14 EP EP02795192A patent/EP1471793B1/en not_active Revoked
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- 2004-07-14 NO NO20043006A patent/NO328113B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4867958A (en) * | 1985-03-04 | 1989-09-19 | Occidental Chemical Corporation | Homogenous mixtures of polyphosphates |
US4948621A (en) * | 1989-05-12 | 1990-08-14 | Fmc Corporation | Composition for treatment meat |
US6929705B2 (en) * | 2001-04-30 | 2005-08-16 | Ak Steel Corporation | Antimicrobial coated metal sheet |
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DE10163954A1 (en) | 2003-09-04 |
US20060121178A1 (en) | 2006-06-08 |
NO328113B1 (en) | 2009-12-07 |
US7641932B2 (en) | 2010-01-05 |
DE10163954C5 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
WO2003055318A8 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
DE50214541D1 (en) | 2010-08-26 |
NO20043006L (en) | 2004-09-13 |
WO2003055318A1 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
ATE473634T1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
BR0215297A (en) | 2004-12-21 |
ES2348132T3 (en) | 2010-11-30 |
EP1471793B1 (en) | 2010-07-14 |
AU2002360979A1 (en) | 2003-07-15 |
EP1471793A1 (en) | 2004-11-03 |
DE10163954B4 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
BR0215297B1 (en) | 2014-01-28 |
AU2002360979A8 (en) | 2003-07-15 |
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