US20060180296A1 - Heat pipe - Google Patents

Heat pipe Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060180296A1
US20060180296A1 US11/059,545 US5954505A US2006180296A1 US 20060180296 A1 US20060180296 A1 US 20060180296A1 US 5954505 A US5954505 A US 5954505A US 2006180296 A1 US2006180296 A1 US 2006180296A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
heat pipe
wick
particles
envelope
netting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/059,545
Inventor
Ying-Chieh Liu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
YUH-CHENG CHEMICAL Ltd
Yuh Cheng Chemical Ltd
Original Assignee
Yuh Cheng Chemical Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yuh Cheng Chemical Ltd filed Critical Yuh Cheng Chemical Ltd
Priority to US11/059,545 priority Critical patent/US20060180296A1/en
Assigned to YUH-CHENG CHEMICAL LTD. reassignment YUH-CHENG CHEMICAL LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LIU, YING-CHIEH
Publication of US20060180296A1 publication Critical patent/US20060180296A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • F28D15/046—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • F28F2255/18—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes sintered

Definitions

  • the present invention relates a heat pipe and more particularly, to such a heat pipe, which is easy and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • a regular heat pipe is generally comprised of a pipe body, a wick, and a working fluid.
  • the pipe body is made from copper or copper alloy.
  • the wick is sintered from copper powder and provided at the inside wall of the pipe body. Because the wick is a porous member having crevices, the working fluid can flow in the wick to achieve heat transfer by means of a capillary effect.
  • the melting point of copper is as high as 1083° C., it is necessary to increase the temperature to about 900-1000 ° C. when sintering copper powder. This manufacturing process requires much working time, resulting in a high manufacturing cost.
  • the present invention has been accomplished under the circumstances in view. It is one object of the present invention to provide a heat pipe, which is easy to fabricate, thereby effectively shorting the working time and reducing the manufacturing cost.
  • the heat pipe comprises a hollow envelope having an inside wall and a chamber, a wick containing a plurality of first particles and a plurality of second particles sintered together, and a working fluid contained in the chamber of the envelope.
  • the wick is bonded to the inside wall of the envelope.
  • the first particles are substantially made from copper and the second particles are made from a material selected from the group consisting of silver, bismuth, indium, tin, and alloys thereof.
  • FIG. I is a perspective view of a heat pipe according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken in an enlarged scale along line 2 - 2 of FIG. 1 .
  • a heat pipe 10 is shown comprised of a hollow envelope 20 , an intermediate layer 30 , a wick 40 , a netting 50 , and a working fluid 60 .
  • the hollow envelope 20 has a tubular shape, and is made from copper or its alloy, for example copper-silver alloy.
  • the envelope 20 defines a chamber 22 therein.
  • the intermediate layer 30 , the wick 40 and the netting 50 are provided in proper order at the inside wall of the envelope 20 .
  • the intermediate layer 30 is formed of silver on the inside wall of the envelope 20 by electroplating.
  • the intermediate layer 30 has a tubular shape.
  • the intermediate layer 30 can be made from bismuth, indium, tin, or their alloy.
  • the wick 40 comprises a plurality of first particles 41 and a plurality of second particles 42 .
  • the first particles 41 and the second particles 42 are sintered together.
  • the wick 40 has a tubular shape.
  • the first particles 41 are substantially made from copper or its alloy.
  • the second particles 42 are made from silver or its alloy. Actually, the second particles 42 can be made from silver, bismuth, indium, tin, or their alloy.
  • the first particles 41 and the second particles 42 have particle size within about 0.01 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m.
  • the netting 50 is provided at the inner side of the wick 40 .
  • the netting 50 is made from copper-silver-phosphorus alloy in the shape of a tube.
  • the mesh size of the netting 50 can be within about 100-325 meshes.
  • the working fluid 60 can be pure water or any of a variety of other solutions.
  • the working fluid 60 is received inside the envelope 20 .
  • the working fluid 60 is adhered to crevices in the wick 40 and the netting 50 .
  • the melting point of silver is 960.5 ° C., it simply needs to increase the temperature to about 700-900 ° C. when sintering the mixture of the first particles 41 and the second particles 42 .
  • the second particles 42 are bonded to the first particles 41 .
  • the second particles 42 act as a bonding agent.
  • silver content lowers the melting point of the netting 50 , allowing quick bonding of the wick 40 and the netting 50 during sintering.
  • Silver in the intermediate layer 30 acts as a bonding agent, for enabling the wick 40 to be bonded to the envelope 20 at a low temperature (700-900° C.).
  • the wick 40 contains a certain amount of the second particles 42 that lowers the working temperature of sintering.
  • Silver in the intermediate layer 30 enables the wick 40 to be positively bonded to the envelope 20 below 900° C.
  • the silver-contained netting 50 can also be positively bonded to the wick 40 below 900° C.
  • the heat pipe according to the present invention can be made at a relatively lower working temperature.
  • the fabrication procedure of the heat pipe according to the present invention is simple. Further, the invention saves much time in raising and lowering the temperature, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost. Further, the invention also saves much sintering time.
  • intermediate layer 30 is not imperative, and can be eliminated.
  • the wick 40 which contains the second particles 42 , can be bonded to the envelope 20 by itself at a relatively lower temperature (700-900° C.).
  • the netting 50 enhances the flowing and capillary action of the working fluid 60 .
  • the netting 50 can also be eliminated subject to different requirements.
  • the melting point of bismuth is 271.3° C.
  • the melting point of tin is 231.8° C.
  • the melting point of indium is 156.6° C.
  • these melting points are all lower than copper's melting point 1083° C. Therefore, these materials can be used to replace the role of silver in the wick or the intermediate layer to lower the working temperature during sintering and to achieve the effects of the present invention.
  • phosphorus stabilizes the chemical properties of the netting.
  • the netting 50 can be covered with a layer of coating material, which can be prepared from bismuth, indium, tin, or their alloy, for enabling the wick 40 and the netting 50 to be easily bonded together at a low temperature.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

A heat pipe includes a hollow envelope, a wick bonded to an inner wall of the envelope, and a working fluid contained in a chamber inside the envelope. The wick is formed of sintering a plurality of first particles, which are made from copper, and a plurality of second particles, which are made from a material selected from the group consisting of silver, bismuth, indium, tin, and alloys thereof, together.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • 1. Field of the Invention
  • The present invention relates a heat pipe and more particularly, to such a heat pipe, which is easy and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • 2. Description of the Related Art
  • A regular heat pipe is generally comprised of a pipe body, a wick, and a working fluid. The pipe body is made from copper or copper alloy. The wick is sintered from copper powder and provided at the inside wall of the pipe body. Because the wick is a porous member having crevices, the working fluid can flow in the wick to achieve heat transfer by means of a capillary effect.
  • However, because the melting point of copper is as high as 1083° C., it is necessary to increase the temperature to about 900-1000 ° C. when sintering copper powder. This manufacturing process requires much working time, resulting in a high manufacturing cost.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention has been accomplished under the circumstances in view. It is one object of the present invention to provide a heat pipe, which is easy to fabricate, thereby effectively shorting the working time and reducing the manufacturing cost.
  • To achieve this object of the present invention, the heat pipe comprises a hollow envelope having an inside wall and a chamber, a wick containing a plurality of first particles and a plurality of second particles sintered together, and a working fluid contained in the chamber of the envelope. The wick is bonded to the inside wall of the envelope. The first particles are substantially made from copper and the second particles are made from a material selected from the group consisting of silver, bismuth, indium, tin, and alloys thereof.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. I is a perspective view of a heat pipe according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken in an enlarged scale along line 2-2 of FIG. 1.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a heat pipe 10 is shown comprised of a hollow envelope 20, an intermediate layer 30, a wick 40, a netting 50, and a working fluid 60.
  • The hollow envelope 20 has a tubular shape, and is made from copper or its alloy, for example copper-silver alloy. The envelope 20 defines a chamber 22 therein. The intermediate layer 30, the wick 40 and the netting 50 are provided in proper order at the inside wall of the envelope 20.
  • The intermediate layer 30 is formed of silver on the inside wall of the envelope 20 by electroplating. The intermediate layer 30 has a tubular shape. Alternatively, the intermediate layer 30 can be made from bismuth, indium, tin, or their alloy.
  • The wick 40 comprises a plurality of first particles 41 and a plurality of second particles 42. The first particles 41 and the second particles 42 are sintered together. The wick 40 has a tubular shape. The first particles 41 are substantially made from copper or its alloy. The second particles 42 are made from silver or its alloy. Actually, the second particles 42 can be made from silver, bismuth, indium, tin, or their alloy. The first particles 41 and the second particles 42 have particle size within about 0.01 μm to 15 μm.
  • The netting 50 is provided at the inner side of the wick 40. The netting 50 is made from copper-silver-phosphorus alloy in the shape of a tube. The mesh size of the netting 50 can be within about 100-325 meshes.
  • The working fluid 60 can be pure water or any of a variety of other solutions.
  • The working fluid 60 is received inside the envelope 20. By means of a capillary effect, the working fluid 60 is adhered to crevices in the wick 40 and the netting 50.
  • Because the melting point of silver is 960.5 ° C., it simply needs to increase the temperature to about 700-900 ° C. when sintering the mixture of the first particles 41 and the second particles 42. When sintered, the second particles 42 are bonded to the first particles 41. The second particles 42 act as a bonding agent. Further, silver content lowers the melting point of the netting 50, allowing quick bonding of the wick 40 and the netting 50 during sintering. Silver in the intermediate layer 30 acts as a bonding agent, for enabling the wick 40 to be bonded to the envelope 20 at a low temperature (700-900° C.).
  • In other words, the wick 40 contains a certain amount of the second particles 42 that lowers the working temperature of sintering. Silver in the intermediate layer 30 enables the wick 40 to be positively bonded to the envelope 20 below 900° C. The silver-contained netting 50 can also be positively bonded to the wick 40 below 900° C.
  • Therefore, the heat pipe according to the present invention can be made at a relatively lower working temperature. The fabrication procedure of the heat pipe according to the present invention is simple. Further, the invention saves much time in raising and lowering the temperature, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost. Further, the invention also saves much sintering time.
  • Further, the intermediate layer 30 is not imperative, and can be eliminated.
  • The wick 40, which contains the second particles 42, can be bonded to the envelope 20 by itself at a relatively lower temperature (700-900° C.). The netting 50 enhances the flowing and capillary action of the working fluid 60. However, the netting 50 can also be eliminated subject to different requirements.
  • Further, the melting point of bismuth is 271.3° C., the melting point of tin is 231.8° C., and the melting point of indium is 156.6° C. These melting points are all lower than copper's melting point 1083° C. Therefore, these materials can be used to replace the role of silver in the wick or the intermediate layer to lower the working temperature during sintering and to achieve the effects of the present invention. Further, phosphorus stabilizes the chemical properties of the netting. In addition, the netting 50 can be covered with a layer of coating material, which can be prepared from bismuth, indium, tin, or their alloy, for enabling the wick 40 and the netting 50 to be easily bonded together at a low temperature.

Claims (8)

1. A heat pipe comprising:
a hollow envelope having an inside wall and a chamber;
a wick containing a plurality of first particles and a plurality of second particles sintered together, said wick being provided at the inside wall of said envelope;
wherein said first particles are substantially made from copper and said second particles are made from a material selected from the group consisting of silver, bismuth, indium, tin, and alloys thereof; and
a working fluid contained in the chamber of said envelope.
2. The heat pipe as claimed in claim 1, wherein said second particles have a particle size ranging from 0.01 μm to 15 μm.
3. The heat pipe as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an intermediate layer arranged between the inside wall of said envelope and said wick, said intermediate layer being made from a material selected from the group consisting of silver, bismuth, indium, tin, and alloys thereof.
4. The heat pipe as claimed in claim 1, wherein said wick has a tubular shape; the heat pipe further comprises a netting provided at an inner side of said wick.
5. The heat pipe as claimed in claim 4, wherein said netting has a mesh size ranging from 100 meshes to 325 meshes.
6. The heat pipe as claimed in claim 4, wherein said netting is made from copper-silver-phosphorus alloy.
7. The heat pipe as claimed in claim 4, wherein said netting is coated with a layer of coating made from a material selected from the group consisting of bismuth, indium, tin, and alloys thereof.
8. The heat pipe as claimed in claim 1, wherein said envelope is made from a material selected from the group consisting of copper and copper-silver alloy.
US11/059,545 2005-02-17 2005-02-17 Heat pipe Abandoned US20060180296A1 (en)

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060219391A1 (en) * 2005-04-01 2006-10-05 Chu-Wan Hong Heat pipe with sintered powder wick
US20060260786A1 (en) * 2005-05-23 2006-11-23 Faffe Limited Composite wick structure of heat pipe
US20060283574A1 (en) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-21 Top Way Thermal Management Co., Ltd. Thermoduct
US20070077165A1 (en) * 2005-09-16 2007-04-05 Foxconn Technology Co., Ltd. Method for making wick structure of heat pipe and powders for making the same
US20070267179A1 (en) * 2006-05-19 2007-11-22 Foxconn Technology Co., Ltd. Heat pipe with composite capillary wick and method of making the same
US20100307720A1 (en) * 2009-06-03 2010-12-09 Furui Precise Component (Kunshan) Co., Ltd. Heat pipe
US20100319881A1 (en) * 2009-06-19 2010-12-23 Fu Zhun Precision Industry (Shen Zhen) Co., Ltd. Heat spreader with vapor chamber and method for manufacturing the same
CN104930888A (en) * 2014-03-18 2015-09-23 江苏格业新材料科技有限公司 Method for manufacturing miniature heat pipe by employing ultrathin foamed silver as wick
CN107335809A (en) * 2017-07-05 2017-11-10 江苏萃隆精密铜管股份有限公司 The preparation method of the evaporation tube of flooded evaporator
CN107850400A (en) * 2015-09-28 2018-03-27 株式会社村田制作所 Heat pipe, heat dissipation element, the manufacture method of heat pipe
CN109798796A (en) * 2019-01-31 2019-05-24 江苏集萃先进金属材料研究所有限公司 Capillary structure with high porosity and its manufacturing method inside one heat-transferring assembly
US10625377B2 (en) 2015-11-05 2020-04-21 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Bonding member and method for manufacturing bonding member
US10625376B2 (en) 2015-09-15 2020-04-21 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Bonding member, method for manufacturing bonding member, and bonding method
DE102020213519A1 (en) 2020-10-28 2022-04-28 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Switching device, electrical energy storage and device
US20220341680A1 (en) * 2021-04-27 2022-10-27 Asia Vital Components (China) Co., Ltd. Heat pipe structure

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3576210A (en) * 1969-12-15 1971-04-27 Donald S Trent Heat pipe
US4274479A (en) * 1978-09-21 1981-06-23 Thermacore, Inc. Sintered grooved wicks
US4733699A (en) * 1984-12-21 1988-03-29 Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. Composite pipe, process for producing the same, and heat pipe using the same
US20010054495A1 (en) * 1999-09-27 2001-12-27 Yevin Oleg A. Surfaces having particle structures with broad range radiation absorptivity
US6460612B1 (en) * 2002-02-12 2002-10-08 Motorola, Inc. Heat transfer device with a self adjusting wick and method of manufacturing same
US20050022984A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2005-02-03 Rosenfeld John H. Heat transfer device and method of making same

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3576210A (en) * 1969-12-15 1971-04-27 Donald S Trent Heat pipe
US4274479A (en) * 1978-09-21 1981-06-23 Thermacore, Inc. Sintered grooved wicks
US4733699A (en) * 1984-12-21 1988-03-29 Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. Composite pipe, process for producing the same, and heat pipe using the same
US20010054495A1 (en) * 1999-09-27 2001-12-27 Yevin Oleg A. Surfaces having particle structures with broad range radiation absorptivity
US6460612B1 (en) * 2002-02-12 2002-10-08 Motorola, Inc. Heat transfer device with a self adjusting wick and method of manufacturing same
US20050022984A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2005-02-03 Rosenfeld John H. Heat transfer device and method of making same

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060219391A1 (en) * 2005-04-01 2006-10-05 Chu-Wan Hong Heat pipe with sintered powder wick
US20060260786A1 (en) * 2005-05-23 2006-11-23 Faffe Limited Composite wick structure of heat pipe
US20060283574A1 (en) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-21 Top Way Thermal Management Co., Ltd. Thermoduct
US7293601B2 (en) * 2005-06-15 2007-11-13 Top Way Thermal Management Co., Ltd. Thermoduct
US20070077165A1 (en) * 2005-09-16 2007-04-05 Foxconn Technology Co., Ltd. Method for making wick structure of heat pipe and powders for making the same
US7637982B2 (en) * 2005-09-16 2009-12-29 Foxconn Technology Co., Ltd. Method for making wick structure of heat pipe and powders for making the same
US20070267179A1 (en) * 2006-05-19 2007-11-22 Foxconn Technology Co., Ltd. Heat pipe with composite capillary wick and method of making the same
US7802362B2 (en) * 2006-05-19 2010-09-28 Foxconn Technology Co., Ltd. Method of making heat pipe having composite capillary wick
US20100307720A1 (en) * 2009-06-03 2010-12-09 Furui Precise Component (Kunshan) Co., Ltd. Heat pipe
US20100319881A1 (en) * 2009-06-19 2010-12-23 Fu Zhun Precision Industry (Shen Zhen) Co., Ltd. Heat spreader with vapor chamber and method for manufacturing the same
CN104930888A (en) * 2014-03-18 2015-09-23 江苏格业新材料科技有限公司 Method for manufacturing miniature heat pipe by employing ultrathin foamed silver as wick
US10625376B2 (en) 2015-09-15 2020-04-21 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Bonding member, method for manufacturing bonding member, and bonding method
CN107850400A (en) * 2015-09-28 2018-03-27 株式会社村田制作所 Heat pipe, heat dissipation element, the manufacture method of heat pipe
US20180128554A1 (en) * 2015-09-28 2018-05-10 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Heat pipe, heat dissipating component, and method for manufacturing heat pipe
US10591223B2 (en) * 2015-09-28 2020-03-17 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Heat pipe, heat dissipating component, and method for manufacturing heat pipe
US10625377B2 (en) 2015-11-05 2020-04-21 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Bonding member and method for manufacturing bonding member
CN107335809A (en) * 2017-07-05 2017-11-10 江苏萃隆精密铜管股份有限公司 The preparation method of the evaporation tube of flooded evaporator
CN109798796A (en) * 2019-01-31 2019-05-24 江苏集萃先进金属材料研究所有限公司 Capillary structure with high porosity and its manufacturing method inside one heat-transferring assembly
DE102020213519A1 (en) 2020-10-28 2022-04-28 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Switching device, electrical energy storage and device
US20220341680A1 (en) * 2021-04-27 2022-10-27 Asia Vital Components (China) Co., Ltd. Heat pipe structure

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AS Assignment

Owner name: YUH-CHENG CHEMICAL LTD., TAIWAN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LIU, YING-CHIEH;REEL/FRAME:016035/0629

Effective date: 20050202

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION