US20060177516A1 - Food-supplement composition suitable for promoting iron absorption - Google Patents

Food-supplement composition suitable for promoting iron absorption Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060177516A1
US20060177516A1 US10/546,247 US54624705A US2006177516A1 US 20060177516 A1 US20060177516 A1 US 20060177516A1 US 54624705 A US54624705 A US 54624705A US 2006177516 A1 US2006177516 A1 US 2006177516A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
iron
composition
cartilage
extract
zinc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/546,247
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English (en)
Inventor
Gianfranco Merizzi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Medestea Research and Production SpA
Original Assignee
Medestea Research and Production SpA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Medestea Research and Production SpA filed Critical Medestea Research and Production SpA
Assigned to MEDESTEA RESERACH AND PRODUCTION S.R.L. reassignment MEDESTEA RESERACH AND PRODUCTION S.R.L. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MERIZZI, GIANFRANCO
Publication of US20060177516A1 publication Critical patent/US20060177516A1/en
Priority to US12/034,046 priority Critical patent/US8119167B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/15—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
    • A61K31/737—Sulfated polysaccharides, e.g. chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A61K33/26—Iron; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A61K33/30—Zinc; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/16—Ginkgophyta, e.g. Ginkgoaceae (Ginkgo family)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/23—Apiaceae or Umbelliferae (Carrot family), e.g. dill, chervil, coriander or cumin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/87—Vitaceae or Ampelidaceae (Vine or Grape family), e.g. wine grapes, muscadine or peppervine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/02—Nutrients, e.g. vitamins, minerals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/06—Antianaemics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S530/00—Chemistry: natural resins or derivatives; peptides or proteins; lignins or reaction products thereof
    • Y10S530/827—Proteins from mammals or birds
    • Y10S530/84—Bones; tendons; teeth; cartilage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a food-supplement or pharmaceutical composition suitable for promoting iron absorption and to the treatment of anaemia conditions caused by lack of iron.
  • the main problem is due to the low rate of iron absorption by the organism, which is of the order of approximately only 5-15% of the iron administered.
  • research relating to anti-anaemic agents for the treatment of anaemia caused by iron deficiency have been directed mainly towards the identification of preparations which can improve the solubility of iron with the use of pharmaceutical additives which improve its solubility by forming complex salts with iron, and agents such as reducing agents which can prevent oxidation of ferrous iron to ferric iron.
  • the present invention is based on the discovery of the fact that iron absorption can be increased by the administration of a composition comprising cartilage and absorbable zinc.
  • the subject of the invention is therefore the use of a composition comprising cartilage and absorbable zinc for the preparation of a food supplement or a drug which is suitable for increasing iron absorption in an individual suffering from a lack of that element and is suitable for the treatment of anaemia conditions caused by lack of iron.
  • composition has been found suitable for promoting the absorption both of iron which is naturally present in foods and of iron which is administered—generally as a ferrous salt or complex—as a supplement in diets that are poor in iron or as a drug in the treatment of anaemia caused by lack of iron.
  • the cartilage which is used within the scope of the invention is generally an extract of fish cartilage, in particular cartilage of sharks or other large fish such as rays, comprising—as active ingredient—chondroitin sulphate, that is, a mixture of acid mucopolysaccharides formed by a repeating linear unit containing several sulphate groups.
  • the basic units are constituted by N-acetyl-galactosamine and by glucuronic acid.
  • Standardized extracts of shark cartilage are available commercially and their anti-angiogenic, anti-tumour, and anti-inflammatory activity and activity in improving skin and cartilage nutrition are already known.
  • the absorbable zinc is present in the composition in the form of salts with various counter-ions such as, for example, citrate, aspartate, pidolate, orotate, fumarate, gluconate, lactate, malate, succinate, picolinate, ⁇ -ketoglutarate, or mixtures thereof.
  • various counter-ions such as, for example, citrate, aspartate, pidolate, orotate, fumarate, gluconate, lactate, malate, succinate, picolinate, ⁇ -ketoglutarate, or mixtures thereof.
  • a form of zinc administration may be so-called Krebs zinc which is constituted by salified zinc with a mixture of anions formed by five primary organic acids of the Krebs cycle, that is, a mixture of zinc salts of citric, fumaric, malic, ⁇ -ketoglutaric, and succinic acids.
  • the cartilage extract. and the zinc may be administered, according to the invention, within the following range of dosages:
  • cartilage extract 10-2000 mg/day
  • composition may also comprise a haematopoietic agent with anti-anaemic properties such as, in particular, folic acid, cyanocobalamin (vitamin B 12 ) and pyridoxine (vitamin B 6 ) and mixtures thereof with daily doses of the order of from 60 to 2000 ⁇ g/day.
  • a haematopoietic agent with anti-anaemic properties such as, in particular, folic acid, cyanocobalamin (vitamin B 12 ) and pyridoxine (vitamin B 6 ) and mixtures thereof with daily doses of the order of from 60 to 2000 ⁇ g/day.
  • the composition also comprises at least one anti-oxidizing agent or preferably a mixture of antioxidants which preferably comprise hydrophilic antioxidants and hydrophobic antioxidants.
  • anti-oxidizing agents comprise:
  • vitamin C typically administered in quantities of from 50 to 1000 mg/day,
  • vitamin E typically administered in quantities of from 5 to 500 mg/day, and
  • bioflavonoids containing proanthocyanidin and terpene compounds.
  • the preferred sources of bioflavonoids or of terpene compounds in the composition of the invention comprise natural extracts such as, in particular:
  • extract of Vitis vinifera (containing leucocyanidin or leucoanthocyanin), comprising procyanidolic oligomers, typically dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers and heptamers produced by condensation of monomeric units of flavan-3-ols and flavan-3,4-diols, free or esterified with gallic acid;
  • Centella asiatica obtained by extraction and purification of the aerial part of Centella asiatica (asiatic hydrocotyl), typically comprising a terpenic mixture of madecassic acid (about 30%), asiatic acid (about 30%) and asiaticoside (about 40%);
  • the above-mentioned extracts may be used in association in the composition according to the invention and may optionally be standardized extracts in complexed form with phospholipids to improve bio-availability.
  • Typical dosages of these extracts in the composition of the invention are of the order of from 10 to 500 mg/day.
  • the invention includes within its scope both iron-free compositions and compositions including iron—generally as ferrous ion—the combined use of which is rendered necessary when the lack of iron in the patient undergoing treatment is also due to a diet that is poor in iron. It is intended that the administration of iron supplements may be performed in association with the composition according to the invention or in combined treatment.
  • the composition may typically comprise doses of the order of from 5 to 300 mg/day of iron, as the ferrous ion, for example, as ferrous sulphate or other salts such as, in particular, aspartate, citrate, picolinate, ascorbate, gluconate, fumarate and salicylate.
  • ferrous ion for example, as ferrous sulphate or other salts such as, in particular, aspartate, citrate, picolinate, ascorbate, gluconate, fumarate and salicylate.
  • composition according to the invention may also comprise active ingredients selected from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) docahexanoic acid (DHA), ⁇ -linolenic acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • active ingredients selected from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) docahexanoic acid (DHA), ⁇ -linolenic acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • EPA eicosapentaenoic acid
  • DHA docahexanoic acid
  • ⁇ -linolenic acid eicosapentaenoic acid
  • active ingredients selected from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) docahexanoic acid (DHA), ⁇ -linolenic acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • EPA eicosapentaenoic acid
  • DHA docahexanoic acid
  • ⁇ -linolenic acid eicosapentaenoic acid
  • composition according to the invention is formulated in a form suitable for oral administration, in particular as soft-shell or rigid-shell gelatine capsules, tablets, pills, elixirs, suspensions, and syrups.
  • composition in promoting iron absorption has been confirmed by clinical tests on twenty female patients with levels of sideraemia below the threshold value.
  • capsules each of 800 mg were administered to the twenty patients under test for thirty days; the capsules comprised:
  • shark cartilage extract 300 mg/cps
  • folic acid 50 ⁇ g/cps
  • vitamin E 15 mg/cps
  • borage oil 240 mg/cps.
  • the twenty patients under test had sideraemia values greatly above the threshold value.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Alternative & Traditional Medicine (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Obesity (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
US10/546,247 2003-02-20 2004-02-18 Food-supplement composition suitable for promoting iron absorption Abandoned US20060177516A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/034,046 US8119167B2 (en) 2003-02-20 2008-02-20 Food supplement composition suitable for promoting iron absorption

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITTO2003A000126 2003-02-20
IT000126A ITTO20030126A1 (it) 2003-02-20 2003-02-20 Composizione di integratore alimentare atta a favorire l'assorbimento del ferro.
PCT/EP2004/001526 WO2004073721A1 (en) 2003-02-20 2004-02-18 A food-supplement composition suitable for promoting iron absorption

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/034,046 Division US8119167B2 (en) 2003-02-20 2008-02-20 Food supplement composition suitable for promoting iron absorption

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20060177516A1 true US20060177516A1 (en) 2006-08-10

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ID=32894190

Family Applications (2)

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US10/546,247 Abandoned US20060177516A1 (en) 2003-02-20 2004-02-18 Food-supplement composition suitable for promoting iron absorption
US12/034,046 Expired - Fee Related US8119167B2 (en) 2003-02-20 2008-02-20 Food supplement composition suitable for promoting iron absorption

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/034,046 Expired - Fee Related US8119167B2 (en) 2003-02-20 2008-02-20 Food supplement composition suitable for promoting iron absorption

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (2) US20060177516A1 (it)
EP (1) EP1605954B1 (it)
AT (1) ATE407682T1 (it)
DE (1) DE602004016472D1 (it)
ES (1) ES2314376T3 (it)
IT (1) ITTO20030126A1 (it)
RU (1) RU2340370C2 (it)
WO (1) WO2004073721A1 (it)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011154966A1 (en) 2010-06-10 2011-12-15 Indus Biotech Pvt. Ltd. A method for preparation of highly pure asiaticoside composition from centella asiatica and a method of use thereof
EP2420243A1 (en) 2010-08-18 2012-02-22 Inovativo Biomedicinas Tehnologiju Instituts, SIA Compositions obtainable from bred beetroot juice to promote iron absorption and blood forming
US20160309764A1 (en) * 2013-12-16 2016-10-27 Nestec S.A. Food composition comprising ferrous picolinate

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20010031744A1 (en) * 1997-02-04 2001-10-18 Kosbab John V. Compositions and methods for prevention and treatment of chronic diseases and disorders including the complications of diabetes mellitus
US20030118666A1 (en) * 2001-10-12 2003-06-26 Seiji Nishida Injectable solution containing a shark-derived chondroitin sulfate iron colloid

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20010031744A1 (en) * 1997-02-04 2001-10-18 Kosbab John V. Compositions and methods for prevention and treatment of chronic diseases and disorders including the complications of diabetes mellitus
US20030118666A1 (en) * 2001-10-12 2003-06-26 Seiji Nishida Injectable solution containing a shark-derived chondroitin sulfate iron colloid

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011154966A1 (en) 2010-06-10 2011-12-15 Indus Biotech Pvt. Ltd. A method for preparation of highly pure asiaticoside composition from centella asiatica and a method of use thereof
US9139608B2 (en) 2010-06-10 2015-09-22 Indus Biotech Private Limited Method for preparation of highly pure asiaticoside composition from Centella asiatica and a method of use thereof
EP2420243A1 (en) 2010-08-18 2012-02-22 Inovativo Biomedicinas Tehnologiju Instituts, SIA Compositions obtainable from bred beetroot juice to promote iron absorption and blood forming
US20160309764A1 (en) * 2013-12-16 2016-10-27 Nestec S.A. Food composition comprising ferrous picolinate
US20160374370A1 (en) * 2013-12-16 2016-12-29 Nestec S.A. Beverage comprising ferrous picolinate

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE602004016472D1 (de) 2008-10-23
ATE407682T1 (de) 2008-09-15
RU2005129261A (ru) 2006-03-10
ES2314376T3 (es) 2009-03-16
RU2340370C2 (ru) 2008-12-10
EP1605954A1 (en) 2005-12-21
WO2004073721A1 (en) 2004-09-02
EP1605954B1 (en) 2008-09-10
ITTO20030126A1 (it) 2004-08-21
US20080138436A1 (en) 2008-06-12
US8119167B2 (en) 2012-02-21

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Owner name: MEDESTEA RESERACH AND PRODUCTION S.R.L., ITALY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MERIZZI, GIANFRANCO;REEL/FRAME:017688/0705

Effective date: 20050728

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