US20060054316A1 - Method and apparatus for production logging - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for production logging Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060054316A1 US20060054316A1 US10/939,749 US93974904A US2006054316A1 US 20060054316 A1 US20060054316 A1 US 20060054316A1 US 93974904 A US93974904 A US 93974904A US 2006054316 A1 US2006054316 A1 US 2006054316A1
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- production
- tubing string
- zones
- intervention tool
- sliding sleeve
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 202
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006424 Flood reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007787 long-term memory Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009491 slugging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
- E21B33/124—Units with longitudinally-spaced plugs for isolating the intermediate space
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to method and apparatus for production logging in a cased, multilayer wellbore.
- Well logging surveys are often made in producing oil and gas wells to determine the volumetric concentration of the oil, gas and unwanted water components in the production flow. These data along with measurements of the fluid flow velocity, pressure and temperature may be used to determine production rates and other information from each zone of interest in the well. Such data are essential for the improvement of oil and gas production, reducing water production, managing the field reservoir, and optimizing production from the well.
- Another shortcoming of current production logging technology is that it can only measure pressure in the borehole or production tubing and not the actual reservoir pressure of an individual layer in a multilayer reservoir. Capturing the actual reservoir pressure from the individual layer is critical to well optimization and proper understanding of reservoir support mechanisms, e.g. water floods.
- a method of production logging in a cased well has a plurality of production zones that are isolated from one another and a tubing string for conveying production from said zones to the earth's surface.
- At least one access device is connected in the tubing string for each of one or more production zones, and each such access device has a port that allows production fluid to flow into the tubing string.
- a method in accordance with the present invention comprises the steps of selecting one of the production zones from which to measure production parameters and then conveying an intervention tool to an access device associated with the selected production zone.
- a method in accordance with the present invention further comprises the step of positioning the intervention tool is in the selected access device so that the production fluid passes through the intervention tool. That step of positioning the intervention tool in the selected access device may comprise reducing the cross-sectional area through which production fluid from the selected production zone may flow.
- a method in accordance with the present invention further comprises measuring parameters associated with the production zone using sensors which are contained in the intervention tool.
- the data that is generated by measuring the parameters of the production zone may be directly provided to a computer at the earth's surface.
- that data may first be stored in a memory device (which may be located downhole) and then provided to a computer.
- This computer may be programmed to use the data respecting the measured parameters to make decisions concerning future production from the well.
- a method in accordance with the present invention comprises repeating the aforesaid steps for at least one more production zone in the well, and using the data respecting the measured parameters from the measured production zones to make decisions concerning the production from the well.
- apparatus for use in production logging operations in a cased well having a plurality of production zones that are isolated from one another and a tubing string for conveying the production from the production zones to the earth's surface.
- Apparatus in accordance with the present invention comprises a plurality of access devices, which may be sliding sleeve devices and which are connected in the tubing string. At least one access device is connected in the tubing string for each of one or more production zones in the cased well.
- Apparatus in accordance with the present invention further comprises an intervention tool which is conveyed through the tubing string from the surface of the earth to a selected one of the access devices and is positioned in the access device that is associated with the selected production zone.
- One function that the intervention tool provides is to isolate the selected production zone from the other production zones. Once the intervention tool is positioned, the production flow from the isolated/selected production zone passes through the intervention tool, and the intervention tool contains sensors to measure parameters associated with the production zone corresponding to the access device in which the tubular member is positioned.
- the sensors may be selected from a group including those which measure pressure, density, temperature, capacitance/dielectric and velocity.
- a production logging system for use in a cased well having a plurality of production zones that are isolated from one another and a tubing string for conveying the production from said production zones to the earth's surface.
- the system comprises a plurality of access devices connected in the tubing string where there is at least one access device for each of one or more of said production zones.
- the access devices are sliding sleeve devices.
- a system according to the present invention comprises an intervention tool which is conveyed from the earth's surface to an access device associated with a selected production zone and which is positioned in that selected device. Parameters of the production zone corresponding to access device in which the intervention tool is positioned are measured with sensors in the intervention tool.
- a system in accordance with the present invention further comprises a computer which receives and processes the aforesaid data, and a recorder operatively connected to the computer for displaying information respecting said measured parameters.
- apparatus comprising an intervention tool for use in production logging operations in a cased, completed well having a plurality of production zones that are isolated from one another, a tubing string for conveying the production from said production zones to the earth's surface, and one or more access devices connected in the tubing string where there is at least one access device for each of one or more of said production zones.
- An intervention tool in accordance with the present invention is for conveyance through the tubing string and is for positioning in the selected access device.
- An intervention tool according to the present invention comprises sensing devices to measure parameters of the production zone corresponding to the access device in which the intervention tool is positioned.
- FIG. 1 is an elevational view in partial cross-section of a cased, completed well.
- FIG. 1A is an elevational view in partial cross-section of a cased, completed well.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view in cross-section which illustrates a portion of a prior art sliding sleeve access device which may be used in the well completion shown in either FIG. 1 or FIG. 1A .
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a prior art separation tool.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an isolation tool for use as part of an intervention tool in the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an elevation view in cross-section which illustrates a sliding sleeve device with an intervention tool positioned therein in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is an enlargement of that portion of the apparatus of FIG. 5 which is contained in the box labeled 6 in FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 1 there is illustrated a cased completed wellbore 10 having multiple production zones 12 , 14 and 16 .
- Access through the casing 20 to production zones 12 , 14 and 16 is provided by perforating the casing at 12 a , 14 a and 16 a .
- the wellbore 10 has a casing 20 , and an annulus 22 between the casing 20 and the tubing string 18 .
- Inflated packers 24 , 25 and 26 isolate the production zones 12 , 14 and 16 from one another. While completed wellbore 10 is illustrated as a vertical well, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is also applicable to deviated wells.
- the tubing string 18 comprises a plurality of tubular members, i.e. pipes, which are joined together in threaded engagement.
- a plurality of access devices 30 are joined in threaded engagement to tubular members in the tubing string 18 .
- Each production zone 12 , 14 and 16 has at least one access device 30 associated with it. While FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment with one access device 30 per production zone, another embodiment may include more than one access device 30 per production zone. Access devices 30 may be opened and closed to permit selective control of fluid flow between each of the production zones 12 , 14 and 16 and the tubing string 18 .
- Each access device has an axial bore (not shown in FIG. 1 ) which forms a passage from one end of the access device to the other, and when the access device is opened, production fluids may flow into the tubing string 18 via port 29 .
- the tubing string 18 connects to a wellhead 21 which is located at the earth's surface.
- the production fluids may be directed from the tubing string 18 via the wellhead to a pipeline (not shown).
- Wellhead 21 includes a port to permit access to the tubing string 18 by logging apparatus.
- Wellbore 100 comprises two production zones 112 and 114 and access through the casing 20 to production zones 112 and 114 is provided by perforating the casing 20 at 112 a and 114 a .
- a tubing string 118 is positioned in wellbore 100 intersecting production zones 112 and 114 .
- the wellbore 100 has a casing 20 and an annulus 22 between the casing 20 and tubing string 118 .
- Inflated packers 24 and 25 isolate the production zones 112 and 114 from one another.
- production zone 112 has at least one access device 30 associated with it, while production zone 114 does not have any access device associated with it.
- the completion configuration shown in FIG. 1A may, for example, be employed when it is reasonably certain that sustained production from production zone 114 will be realized without need for the convenient access and shut-off capability of an access device, yet where zone 112 requires convenient access and shut-off capability and required, the production from zone 112 will require monitoring.
- FIGS. 1 and 1 A there is at least one access device connected in the tubing string for “each of one or more of the production zones.”
- FIG. 1 there is illustrated at least one access device 30 for each production zone 12 , 14 and 16
- FIG. 1A there is illustrated at least one access device 30 for production zone 112 .
- each access device 30 in FIGS. 1 and 1 A is a DuraSleeve brand sliding sleeve device that is available from Halliburton.
- each such a sliding sleeve device comprises a sliding sleeve 40 having openings 42 formed therein.
- the exterior of each sliding sleeve device also has a plurality of openings 44 formed therein.
- the sleeve 40 in each sliding sleeve device may be moved to an open position as shown in FIG.
- seals 46 and 48 prevent production flow from a production zone from entering the bore of the sliding sleeve device and hence from entering the tubing string 18 .
- apparatus in accordance with the present invention comprises an intervention tool which is positioned in a sliding sleeve device.
- the intervention tool comprises an isolation tool 51 and a dart 52 .
- the isolation tool 51 and the dart 52 are shown positioned in a downhole sliding sleeve device.
- the isolation tool 51 ( FIGS. 4 and 5 ) is formed by modifying separation tool 53 ( FIG. 3 ).
- Separation tool 53 is a product that is manufactured by Halliburton. Separation tool 53 has been modified as follows to make isolation tool 51 : (a) The equalizing sub 54 has been moved near the bottom of the tool as shown in FIG. 4 ; (b) ports 55 have been formed into tubular number 56 ; and (c) the lower end of 57 of the separation tool has been closed off.
- isolation tool 51 when isolation tool 51 is positioned in access device 30 , the ports 55 in isolation tool 51 are fluidly coupled with (and may be adjacent to) the ports 42 in access device 30 , and all production fluid is directed through ports 55 , because of seals 49 and 50 in isolation tool 51 .
- dart 52 when dart 52 is positioned in isolation tool 51 as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 , ports 75 in dart 52 are fluidly coupled with (and may be adjacent to) the ports 55 and the ports 42 in access device 30 and all production fluid (schematically shown with the arrow 76 in FIGS. 5 and 6 ) is directed through dart 52 , because of the seals 52 A in dart 52 .
- dart 52 need not be positioned in isolation tool 51 as shown in FIG. 5 , but may be positioned above isolation tool 51 , so long as substantially all the production fluid from the production zone being monitored passes through dart 52 .
- Dart 52 contains a plurality of sensors in its bore, which may, for example, include devices to measure pressure, density, temperature, capacitance/dielectric and/or velocity at the selected zone.
- the sensors may include: (a) in-line spinner 65 to measure velocity; and (b) fluid identification sensors, density sensors (nuclear or vibration method) and capacitance/dielectric sensors located at 63 between baffle plates 64 .
- Baffle plates 64 are employed to force fluid into the fluid identification sensors to ensure accurate recording.
- the bore of dart 52 may also contain a sealing device 66 which may, for example, be a door 66 that is remotely controlled by a timer (not shown) that is powered by battery 69 . When the sealing device 66 is closed as shown in FIG.
- actual reservoir pressure and temperature data may be recorded for a preselected period of time (e.g., up to 48 hours) from the pressure and temperature sensors located at 68 . After that preselected period of time as elapsed, sealing device 66 maybe opened to allow production fluid to flow through the upper sensors at 63 .
- a preselected period of time e.g., up to 48 hours
- Dart 52 may also include ports 70 to allow fluid from below to enter the base of dart 52 .
- ports 70 to allow fluid from below to enter the base of dart 52 .
- the isolation tool 51 is conveyed through the tubing string 18 from the earth's surface to a sliding sleeve device 30 corresponding to the selected production zone by wireline, slickline, coiled tubing or other conveyance techniques. Preferably, such conveyance is carried out using conventional wireline techniques.
- the isolation tool 51 is positioned in the sliding sleeve device using the same techniques that are used to position a separation tool in a sliding sleeve device.
- the sliding sleeve device may be an “X” landing nipple profile and isolation tool 51 would therefore have locking keys 58 which match that nipple profile.
- any nipple profile assembly or other “landing device” for cooperatively engaging a tool within the bore of another tool may, be used, so long as it is adequate to install the isolation tool 51 .
- the ports 55 that were formed in tubular member 56 become fluidly coupled with and may be adjacent to the ports 44 in the sliding sleeve device 30 when the isolation tool 51 is positioned in the sliding sleeve.
- the wireline is retrieved, and dart 52 is then lowered and is positioned within isolation tool 51 , as illustrated in FIG. 5 .
- Dart 52 has seals 52 A which engage the inner surface of isolation tool 51 so that production flow is directed through dart 52 , when dart 52 is positioned as in FIG. 5 .
- the intervention procedure is thus a two “trip” process—one trip to position the isolation tool 51 in the sliding sleeve device and a second trip to position the dart 52 in the isolation tool 51 .
- the intervention tool in this embodiment comprises apparatus composed of two component pieces.
- the intervention procedure may be carried out in a single trip and that the isolation tool 51 and dart 52 may be formed as an integral piece of apparatus.
- the appended method claims are intended to cover multiple or single trip procedures to position the intervention tool and the appended apparatus/system claims are intended to cover an intervention tool which is formed as a single unit or in two or more component pieces.
- the cross-sectional area through which production fluid flows is reduced by the positioning of isolation tool 51 and dart 52 in the sliding sleeve corresponding to the selected production zone. Because of this reduced cross-sectional area, it is believed that the production flow will have increased homogeneity, which should result in increased accuracy of measurements being made by the sensors 60 in dart 52 . By having a more homogeneous flow, fluid segregation and fallback should be reduced, often minimized, and potentially fully avoided.
- data respecting such measurements may be stored in a memory device 61 which is located in dart 52 and then such data may be provided to computer 31 which may be located at the earth's surface.
- data respecting said measurements may be transmitted to computer 31 via a logging cable 32 or by well-known wireless communication techniques.
- Computer 31 processes the data and the processed data may be displayed on a computer monitor, provided to recorder 33 for printing on a recording medium 34 , or otherwise provided in a useful form to the well operator.
- the well operator has more accurate and meaningful data concerning the production zone than has heretofore been available.
- the operator is able by using the present invention to measure actual reservoir pressure at each production zone of interest, which by itself should enhance well optimization endeavors. Without this information, production decisions may be based on more difficult to interpret data, for example, data in which information about an individual production zones may be interfered with by parameters such as the hydrostatic head and/or the net flowing pressure of other production zones.
- an operator has the ability to operate the apparatus in a long term memory mode in order to accumulate data over a preselected period of time, e.g. between one and thirty days.
- a preselected period of time e.g. between one and thirty days.
- the operator is able to provide a more accurate information concerning the zone of interest. For example, as wells mature, water production generally increases which can cause the well to slug, and this effect is amplified with well deviation. The occurrence of the slug may, however, be difficult to predict. Therefore, by sampling the well over an extended period of time, it is believed that the effects of slugging can be averaged to provide a more consistent interpretation of results than are currently available.
- the intervention tool comprising the isolation tool 51 and dart 52 may me relocated to another production zone, and the above-described process may be repeated.
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Abstract
Method and apparatus are disclosed for performing production logging in a cased well having a plurality of isolated production zones and a tubing string which intersects the production zones. An access device is connected in the tubing string for each of one or more production zones and an intervention tool is conveyed to and positioned in the access device associated with the selected production zone. Production parameters from the selected zone are measured by sensors in the intervention tool.
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to method and apparatus for production logging in a cased, multilayer wellbore.
- 2. Description of the Prior Art
- Well logging surveys are often made in producing oil and gas wells to determine the volumetric concentration of the oil, gas and unwanted water components in the production flow. These data along with measurements of the fluid flow velocity, pressure and temperature may be used to determine production rates and other information from each zone of interest in the well. Such data are essential for the improvement of oil and gas production, reducing water production, managing the field reservoir, and optimizing production from the well.
- Obtaining reliable production information in deviated, multilayered, multi-phased reservoirs has proven to be a difficult task. This is due to segregation of the lower density phases, e.g. oil and gas, migrating to the high side of the hole where they cannot be adequately measured by centralized sensors. Such sensors may have a very limited circumferential area of measurement and may not read globally. Additionally, the heavier fluids, e.g. water, suffer from a phenomena known as “water fallback” where the heavier fluids falls back downhole, which may cause the velocity measurement to read an incorrect flow rate. Fluid segregation and fallback thus prevent all current technology from providing reliable production data in the majority of deviated wellbores.
- Another shortcoming of current production logging technology is that it can only measure pressure in the borehole or production tubing and not the actual reservoir pressure of an individual layer in a multilayer reservoir. Capturing the actual reservoir pressure from the individual layer is critical to well optimization and proper understanding of reservoir support mechanisms, e.g. water floods.
- If reliable production information concerning a reservoir can be obtained, decisions concerning the management of the reservoir should be enhanced. For example, with reliable production information from the production zones in a reservoir, informed decisions may be made concerning whether to continue to produce from a production zone, to close a production zone, or to treat a production zone, e.g. by fracturing. This affords an opportunity to respond to changes over time with the selection of production zones open to the production tubing. For example, production from hydrocarbon rich zones at relatively lower pressures may be delayed for the pressure to drop with the passage of time from production from higher pressure production zones. A failure to properly balance this may cause hydrocarbons brought out of one production zone to flow back into another zone at lower pressure, causing lost production and perhaps damage to the latter formation. Similarly, it can be useful to make other changes over time in managing individual production zones, the collective total, and the combined fluids produced based on the mixture of gas, water, and oil constituents, temperature, or other parameters observable from the fluid produced among each of several selected zones. Such informed decisions will tend to increase and perhaps even maximize production from the reservoir.
- In accordance with the present invention, a method of production logging in a cased well is provided. The cased well has a plurality of production zones that are isolated from one another and a tubing string for conveying production from said zones to the earth's surface. At least one access device is connected in the tubing string for each of one or more production zones, and each such access device has a port that allows production fluid to flow into the tubing string.
- A method in accordance with the present invention comprises the steps of selecting one of the production zones from which to measure production parameters and then conveying an intervention tool to an access device associated with the selected production zone. A method in accordance with the present invention further comprises the step of positioning the intervention tool is in the selected access device so that the production fluid passes through the intervention tool. That step of positioning the intervention tool in the selected access device may comprise reducing the cross-sectional area through which production fluid from the selected production zone may flow. A method in accordance with the present invention further comprises measuring parameters associated with the production zone using sensors which are contained in the intervention tool.
- The data that is generated by measuring the parameters of the production zone may be directly provided to a computer at the earth's surface. Alternatively, that data may first be stored in a memory device (which may be located downhole) and then provided to a computer. This computer may be programmed to use the data respecting the measured parameters to make decisions concerning future production from the well.
- A method in accordance with the present invention comprises repeating the aforesaid steps for at least one more production zone in the well, and using the data respecting the measured parameters from the measured production zones to make decisions concerning the production from the well.
- In accordance with the present invention apparatus is provided for use in production logging operations in a cased well having a plurality of production zones that are isolated from one another and a tubing string for conveying the production from the production zones to the earth's surface. Apparatus in accordance with the present invention comprises a plurality of access devices, which may be sliding sleeve devices and which are connected in the tubing string. At least one access device is connected in the tubing string for each of one or more production zones in the cased well. Apparatus in accordance with the present invention further comprises an intervention tool which is conveyed through the tubing string from the surface of the earth to a selected one of the access devices and is positioned in the access device that is associated with the selected production zone. One function that the intervention tool provides is to isolate the selected production zone from the other production zones. Once the intervention tool is positioned, the production flow from the isolated/selected production zone passes through the intervention tool, and the intervention tool contains sensors to measure parameters associated with the production zone corresponding to the access device in which the tubular member is positioned. The sensors may be selected from a group including those which measure pressure, density, temperature, capacitance/dielectric and velocity.
- In accordance with the present invention, a production logging system is provided for use in a cased well having a plurality of production zones that are isolated from one another and a tubing string for conveying the production from said production zones to the earth's surface. The system comprises a plurality of access devices connected in the tubing string where there is at least one access device for each of one or more of said production zones. In one embodiment the access devices are sliding sleeve devices. A system according to the present invention comprises an intervention tool which is conveyed from the earth's surface to an access device associated with a selected production zone and which is positioned in that selected device. Parameters of the production zone corresponding to access device in which the intervention tool is positioned are measured with sensors in the intervention tool. A system in accordance with the present invention further comprises a computer which receives and processes the aforesaid data, and a recorder operatively connected to the computer for displaying information respecting said measured parameters.
- In accordance with the present invention apparatus comprising an intervention tool is provided for use in production logging operations in a cased, completed well having a plurality of production zones that are isolated from one another, a tubing string for conveying the production from said production zones to the earth's surface, and one or more access devices connected in the tubing string where there is at least one access device for each of one or more of said production zones. An intervention tool in accordance with the present invention is for conveyance through the tubing string and is for positioning in the selected access device. An intervention tool according to the present invention comprises sensing devices to measure parameters of the production zone corresponding to the access device in which the intervention tool is positioned.
-
FIG. 1 is an elevational view in partial cross-section of a cased, completed well. -
FIG. 1A is an elevational view in partial cross-section of a cased, completed well. -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view in cross-section which illustrates a portion of a prior art sliding sleeve access device which may be used in the well completion shown in eitherFIG. 1 orFIG. 1A . -
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a prior art separation tool. -
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an isolation tool for use as part of an intervention tool in the present invention. -
FIG. 5 is an elevation view in cross-section which illustrates a sliding sleeve device with an intervention tool positioned therein in accordance with the present invention. -
FIG. 6 is an enlargement of that portion of the apparatus ofFIG. 5 which is contained in the box labeled 6 inFIG. 5 . - It will be appreciated that the present invention may take many forms and embodiments. Some embodiments of the invention are described so as to give an understanding of the invention. It is intended for the embodiments of the present invention described herein to be illustrative, and not limiting, of the invention.
- In accordance with the present invention, method and apparatus are provided for production logging in a cased, completed wellbore. With reference first of
FIG. 1 , there is illustrated a cased completedwellbore 10 havingmultiple production zones tubing string 18 positioned inwellbore 10 intersecting theproduction zones casing 20 toproduction zones wellbore 10 has acasing 20, and anannulus 22 between thecasing 20 and thetubing string 18.Inflated packers production zones - The
tubing string 18 comprises a plurality of tubular members, i.e. pipes, which are joined together in threaded engagement. A plurality ofaccess devices 30 are joined in threaded engagement to tubular members in thetubing string 18. Eachproduction zone access device 30 associated with it. WhileFIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment with oneaccess device 30 per production zone, another embodiment may include more than oneaccess device 30 per production zone.Access devices 30 may be opened and closed to permit selective control of fluid flow between each of theproduction zones tubing string 18. Each access device has an axial bore (not shown inFIG. 1 ) which forms a passage from one end of the access device to the other, and when the access device is opened, production fluids may flow into thetubing string 18 viaport 29. - The
tubing string 18 connects to awellhead 21 which is located at the earth's surface. The production fluids may be directed from thetubing string 18 via the wellhead to a pipeline (not shown).Wellhead 21 includes a port to permit access to thetubing string 18 by logging apparatus. - With reference now to
FIG. 1A , another configuration of a cased, completed wellbore 100 with which the method and apparatus of the present invention may be used is illustrated.Wellbore 100 comprises twoproduction zones casing 20 toproduction zones casing 20 at 112 a and 114 a. Atubing string 118 is positioned inwellbore 100 intersectingproduction zones wellbore 100 has acasing 20 and anannulus 22 between thecasing 20 andtubing string 118.Inflated packers production zones - In the completed wellbore 100 of
FIG. 1A ,production zone 112 has at least oneaccess device 30 associated with it, whileproduction zone 114 does not have any access device associated with it. The completion configuration shown inFIG. 1A may, for example, be employed when it is reasonably certain that sustained production fromproduction zone 114 will be realized without need for the convenient access and shut-off capability of an access device, yet wherezone 112 requires convenient access and shut-off capability and required, the production fromzone 112 will require monitoring. - In the completed wellbores shown in
FIGS. 1 and 1 A, there is at least one access device connected in the tubing string for “each of one or more of the production zones.” InFIG. 1 , there is illustrated at least oneaccess device 30 for eachproduction zone FIG. 1A , there is illustrated at least oneaccess device 30 forproduction zone 112. - In one embodiment, each
access device 30 inFIGS. 1 and 1 A is a DuraSleeve brand sliding sleeve device that is available from Halliburton. With reference now toFIG. 2 , each such a sliding sleeve device comprises a slidingsleeve 40 havingopenings 42 formed therein. The exterior of each sliding sleeve device also has a plurality ofopenings 44 formed therein. Using well known techniques, thesleeve 40 in each sliding sleeve device may be moved to an open position as shown inFIG. 2 where theopenings 42 insleeve 40 are aligned with theopenings 44 in the exterior of the sliding sleeve or to a closed position where theopenings 42 in the slidingsleeve 40 are not aligned with theopenings 44. In the closed position, seals 46 and 48 prevent production flow from a production zone from entering the bore of the sliding sleeve device and hence from entering thetubing string 18. - Referring now to
FIG. 5 , apparatus in accordance with the present invention comprises an intervention tool which is positioned in a sliding sleeve device. The intervention tool comprises anisolation tool 51 and adart 52. InFIG. 5 , theisolation tool 51 and thedart 52 are shown positioned in a downhole sliding sleeve device. - With reference to
FIGS. 3, 4 , and 5 the isolation tool 51 (FIGS. 4 and 5 ) is formed by modifying separation tool 53 (FIG. 3 ).Separation tool 53 is a product that is manufactured by Halliburton.Separation tool 53 has been modified as follows to make isolation tool 51: (a) The equalizingsub 54 has been moved near the bottom of the tool as shown inFIG. 4 ; (b)ports 55 have been formed intotubular number 56; and (c) the lower end of 57 of the separation tool has been closed off. - With reference to
FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, whenisolation tool 51 is positioned inaccess device 30, theports 55 inisolation tool 51 are fluidly coupled with (and may be adjacent to) theports 42 inaccess device 30, and all production fluid is directed throughports 55, because ofseals isolation tool 51. Similarly, whendart 52 is positioned inisolation tool 51 as shown inFIGS. 5 and 6 ,ports 75 indart 52 are fluidly coupled with (and may be adjacent to) theports 55 and theports 42 inaccess device 30 and all production fluid (schematically shown with thearrow 76 inFIGS. 5 and 6 ) is directed throughdart 52, because of theseals 52A indart 52. Those skilled in the art who have the benefit of the present disclosure, will appreciate thatdart 52 need not be positioned inisolation tool 51 as shown inFIG. 5 , but may be positioned aboveisolation tool 51, so long as substantially all the production fluid from the production zone being monitored passes throughdart 52. -
Dart 52 contains a plurality of sensors in its bore, which may, for example, include devices to measure pressure, density, temperature, capacitance/dielectric and/or velocity at the selected zone. In particular, the sensors may include: (a) in-line spinner 65 to measure velocity; and (b) fluid identification sensors, density sensors (nuclear or vibration method) and capacitance/dielectric sensors located at 63 between baffle plates 64. Baffle plates 64 are employed to force fluid into the fluid identification sensors to ensure accurate recording. The bore ofdart 52 may also contain asealing device 66 which may, for example, be adoor 66 that is remotely controlled by a timer (not shown) that is powered bybattery 69. When the sealingdevice 66 is closed as shown inFIG. 5 , actual reservoir pressure and temperature data may be recorded for a preselected period of time (e.g., up to 48 hours) from the pressure and temperature sensors located at 68. After that preselected period of time as elapsed, sealingdevice 66 maybe opened to allow production fluid to flow through the upper sensors at 63. -
Dart 52 may also includeports 70 to allow fluid from below to enter the base ofdart 52. In the event of a pressure differential between the fluid in the bore ofdart 52 and the fluid belowdart 52, there will be fluid movement toward equilibrium, and this fluid movement may be measured byspinner 67. - When it is desired to measure parameters of a selected production zone, the
isolation tool 51 is conveyed through thetubing string 18 from the earth's surface to a slidingsleeve device 30 corresponding to the selected production zone by wireline, slickline, coiled tubing or other conveyance techniques. Preferably, such conveyance is carried out using conventional wireline techniques. Theisolation tool 51 is positioned in the sliding sleeve device using the same techniques that are used to position a separation tool in a sliding sleeve device. The sliding sleeve device may be an “X” landing nipple profile andisolation tool 51 would therefore have lockingkeys 58 which match that nipple profile. Any nipple profile assembly or other “landing device” for cooperatively engaging a tool within the bore of another tool may, be used, so long as it is adequate to install theisolation tool 51. Theports 55 that were formed intubular member 56 become fluidly coupled with and may be adjacent to theports 44 in the slidingsleeve device 30 when theisolation tool 51 is positioned in the sliding sleeve. Once the isolation tool is positioned, the wireline is retrieved, and dart 52 is then lowered and is positioned withinisolation tool 51, as illustrated inFIG. 5 .Dart 52 hasseals 52A which engage the inner surface ofisolation tool 51 so that production flow is directed throughdart 52, whendart 52 is positioned as inFIG. 5 . - In one embodiment of the present invention, the intervention procedure is thus a two “trip” process—one trip to position the
isolation tool 51 in the sliding sleeve device and a second trip to position thedart 52 in theisolation tool 51. Similarly, the intervention tool in this embodiment comprises apparatus composed of two component pieces. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of the present disclosure, will appreciate that the intervention procedure may be carried out in a single trip and that theisolation tool 51 and dart 52 may be formed as an integral piece of apparatus. The appended method claims are intended to cover multiple or single trip procedures to position the intervention tool and the appended apparatus/system claims are intended to cover an intervention tool which is formed as a single unit or in two or more component pieces. - With reference to
FIGS. 5 and 6 , the cross-sectional area through which production fluid flows is reduced by the positioning ofisolation tool 51 anddart 52 in the sliding sleeve corresponding to the selected production zone. Because of this reduced cross-sectional area, it is believed that the production flow will have increased homogeneity, which should result in increased accuracy of measurements being made by thesensors 60 indart 52. By having a more homogeneous flow, fluid segregation and fallback should be reduced, often minimized, and potentially fully avoided. - Referring to
FIGS. 1, 2 and 5 as the sensors measure parameters of the selected production zone, data respecting such measurements may be stored in a memory device 61 which is located indart 52 and then such data may be provided tocomputer 31 which may be located at the earth's surface. Alternatively, data respecting said measurements may be transmitted tocomputer 31 via alogging cable 32 or by well-known wireless communication techniques.Computer 31 processes the data and the processed data may be displayed on a computer monitor, provided torecorder 33 for printing on arecording medium 34, or otherwise provided in a useful form to the well operator. - By using the method and apparatus of the present invention, the well operator has more accurate and meaningful data concerning the production zone than has heretofore been available. In particular, the operator is able by using the present invention to measure actual reservoir pressure at each production zone of interest, which by itself should enhance well optimization endeavors. Without this information, production decisions may be based on more difficult to interpret data, for example, data in which information about an individual production zones may be interfered with by parameters such as the hydrostatic head and/or the net flowing pressure of other production zones.
- Using the apparatus of the present invention, an operator has the ability to operate the apparatus in a long term memory mode in order to accumulate data over a preselected period of time, e.g. between one and thirty days. By accumulating information over such period of time, the operator is able to provide a more accurate information concerning the zone of interest. For example, as wells mature, water production generally increases which can cause the well to slug, and this effect is amplified with well deviation. The occurrence of the slug may, however, be difficult to predict. Therefore, by sampling the well over an extended period of time, it is believed that the effects of slugging can be averaged to provide a more consistent interpretation of results than are currently available.
- Once measurements have been completed at one production zone, the intervention tool comprising the
isolation tool 51 and dart 52 may me relocated to another production zone, and the above-described process may be repeated.
Claims (44)
1. A method of production logging in a cased well having (i) a plurality of production zones that are isolated from one another, (ii) a tubing string for conveying production from said production zones to the earth's surface, and (iii) at least one access device connected in said tubing string for each of one or more production zones, each said access device having a port that allows production fluid to flow into in the tubing string, comprising the steps of:
(a) conveying an intervention tool to an access device associated with a production zone from which production parameters are to be measured;
(b) positioning said intervention tool in said access device so that production fluid passes through the intervention tool; and
(c) measuring parameters of the selected production zone with sensors contained in said intervention tool.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of providing data respecting said measured parameters to a computer that is located at the earth's surface.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising the step of using the data respecting the measured parameters to make decisions concerning production from the selected production zone.
4. The method of claim 2 , further comprising the steps of repeating the steps of claim 2 for at least one more production zone in the well.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising the step of using the data respecting the measured parameters from the measured production zones to make decisions concerning production from the well.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of storing data respecting said measured parameters in a memory device.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising the step of providing the data stored in the memory device to a computer.
8. The method of claim 6 , further comprising the steps of repeating the steps of claim 6 over a preselected period of time.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising the step of providing the data stored in the memory device to a computer.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (b) comprises reducing the cross-sectional area through which production fluid from said production zone may flow.
11. A method of production logging in a cased well having (i) a plurality of production zones that are isolated from one another, (ii) a tubing string for conveying production from said production zones to the earth's surface, and (iii) at least one sliding sleeve device connected in said tubing string for each of one or more production zones, each said sliding sleeve having a port which permits production fluid to flow into the tubing string, comprising the steps of:
(a) outfitting an intervention tool with one or more sensors to measure parameters;
(b) conveying said intervention tool to a sliding sleeve device associated with a production zone from which production parameters are to be measured;
(c) positioning the intervention tool in said sliding sleeve device so that the production fluid entering the port of said sliding sleeve device passes through the intervention tool; and
(d) measuring parameters of the production zone with the sensors contained in the intervention tool.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising the step of providing data respecting said measured parameters to a computer that is located at the earth's surface.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising the step of using the data respecting the measured parameters to make decisions concerning production from the selected production zone.
14. The method of claim 12 , further comprising the steps of repeating the steps of claim 11 for at least one more production zone in the well.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising the step of using data respecting the measured parameters from the measured production zones to make decisions concerning production from the well.
16. The method of claim 11 , further comprising the step of storing data respecting said measured parameters in a memory device.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising the step of providing the data stored in the memory device to a computer.
18. The method of claim 16 , further comprising the steps of repeating the steps of claim 15 over a preselected period of time.
19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising providing the data stored in the memory device to a computer.
20. The method of claim 11 , where step (c) comprises reducing the cross-sectional area through which production fluid from said production zone may flow.
21. Apparatus for use in production logging operations in a cased, completed well having a plurality of production zones that are isolated from one another and a tubing string for conveying the production from said production zones to the earth's surface, comprising:
(a) a plurality of access devices connected in the tubing where there is at least one access device for each of one or more of said production zones; and
(b) an intervention tool which: (i) is conveyed through the tubing string from the surface of the earth to a selected one of the access devices, (ii) is positioned in the selected access device, and (iii) contains sensing devices to measure parameters of the production zone corresponding to the access device in which the intervention tool is positioned.
22. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the sensing devices are selected from a group of devices which measure pressure, density, temperature, capacitance/dielectric and/or velocity.
23. Apparatus for use in production logging operations in a cased, completed well having a plurality of production zones that are isolated from one another and a tubing string for conveying the production from said production zones to the earth's surface, comprising:
(a) a plurality of sliding sleeve devices connected in the tubing string where there is at least one sliding sleeve device for each of one or more of said production zones; and
(b) an intervention tool which: (i) is conveyed through the tubing string from the surface of the earth to a selected one of the sliding sleeve devices, (ii) is positioned in the selected sliding sleeve device, and (iii) contains sensing devices to measure parameters of the production zone corresponding to the sliding sleeve in which the intervention tool is positioned.
24. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein the sensing devices are selected from a group of devices which measure pressure, density, temperature, capacitance/dielectric and/or velocity.
25. A production logging system for use in a cased, completed well having a plurality of production zones that are isolated from one another and a tubing string for conveying the production from said production zones to the earth's surface, comprising:
(a) a plurality of access devices connected in the tubing string where there is at least one access device for each of one or more of said production zones;
(b) an intervention tool which: (i) is conveyed through the tubing string from the surface of the earth to a selected one of the access devices, (ii) is positioned in the selected access device, and (iii) contains sensing devices to measure parameters of the production zone corresponding to access device in which the intervention tool is positioned;
(c) a computer which receives data respecting the measured parameters and processes that data; and
(d) a recorder operatively coupled to the computer for displaying information respecting the measured parameters.
26. The system of claim 25 , wherein the sensing devices are selected from a group of devices which measure pressure, density, temperature, capacitance/dielectric and/or velocity.
27. A production logging system for use in a cased, completed well having a plurality of production zones that are isolated from one another and a tubing string for conveying the production from said production zones to the earth's surface, comprising:
(a) a plurality of sliding sleeve devices connected in the tubing string where there is at least one sliding sleeve device for each of one or more of said production zones;
(b) an intervention tool which: (i) is conveyed through the tubing string from the surface of the earth to a selected one of the sliding sleeve devices via the tubing string, (ii) is positioned in the selected sliding sleeve device, and (iii) contains sensing devices to measure parameters of the production zone corresponding to the sliding sleeve in which the isolation tool is positioned;
(c) a computer for receiving data respecting the measured parameters and for processing that data; and
(d) a recorder operatively coupled to the computer for displaying information respecting the measured parameters.
28. The apparatus of claim 27 , wherein the sensing devices are selected from a group of devices which measure pressure, density, temperature, capacitance/dielectric and/or velocity.
29. Apparatus for use in production logging operations in a cased, completed well having a plurality of production zones that are isolated from one another, a tubing string for conveying the production from said production zones to the earth's surface, and a plurality of access devices connected in the tubing string where there is at least one access device for each of one or more of said production zones, comprising:
an intervention tool which (i) is for conveyance through the tubing string from the surface of the earth to a selected one of the access devices, (ii) is for positioning in the selected access device, and (iii) contains sensing devices to measure parameters of the production zone corresponding to the access device in which the intervention tool is positioned.
30. The apparatus of claim 29 , wherein the access devices are sliding sleeve devices.
31. The apparatus of claim 29 , wherein the sensing devices are selected from a group of device which measure pressure, density, temperature, capacitance/dielectric and/or velocity.
32. A method of production logging in a cased wellbore having a tubing string for conveying production fluid from the wellbore to the earth's surface, said tubing string including a landing device, comprising the steps of:
outfitting an intervention tool with sensing devices;
conveying the intervention tool to the landing device;
cooperatively engaging the intervention tool with the landing device so that production fluid flows through the intervention tool; and
measuring parameters of the production fluid with the sensing devices in the intervention tool.
33. The method of claim 32 , further comprising the step of providing data respecting said measured parameters to a computer that is located at the earth's surface.
34. The method of claim 33 , further comprising the step of using the data respecting the measured parameters to recommend decisions concerning production from the selected production zone.
35. The method of claim 33 , further comprising the steps of repeating the steps of claim 31 for at least one more production zone in the well.
36. The method of claim 35 , further comprising the step of using the data respecting the measured parameters from the measured production zones to recommend decisions concerning production from the well.
37. The method of claim 32 , further comprising the step of storing data respecting said measured parameters in a memory device.
38. The method of claim 37 , further comprising the step of providing the data stored in the memory device to a computer.
39. The method of claim 37 , further comprising the steps of repeating the steps of claim 35 over a preselected period of time.
40. The method of claim 39 , further comprising the step of providing the data stored in the memory device to a computer.
41. A method of production management for a hydrocarbon producing well having a plurality of potential production zones intersected by a wellbore, said method comprising:
casing the wellbore;
providing potential access through the casing to a plurality of said potential production zones;
running a tubing string inside of the casing and in communication with the surface;
isolating one or more of the potential production zones;
providing one or more access devices each associated with one of the isolated potential production zones to allow selective fluid communication from said production zone into the tubing;
engaging an intervention tool with one of said access devices;
collecting data by measuring parameters of the isolated potential production zone associated with the engaged access device using sensors contained in said intervention tool; and
making decisions for production management based on the data.
42. The method of claim 41 , wherein data is collected at multiple production zones.
43. The method of claim 42 , wherein the decisions for production management comprise leaving access devices open or shut, and treating an isolated section.
44. The method of claim 41 , wherein the well is monitored over time and production from the well is optimized on an ongoing basis in response to changes in the well.
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US10/939,749 US20060054316A1 (en) | 2004-09-13 | 2004-09-13 | Method and apparatus for production logging |
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US10/939,749 US20060054316A1 (en) | 2004-09-13 | 2004-09-13 | Method and apparatus for production logging |
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US10/939,749 Abandoned US20060054316A1 (en) | 2004-09-13 | 2004-09-13 | Method and apparatus for production logging |
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