US20060045781A1 - Method and pump apparatus for removing liquids from wells - Google Patents
Method and pump apparatus for removing liquids from wells Download PDFInfo
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- US20060045781A1 US20060045781A1 US10/926,424 US92642404A US2006045781A1 US 20060045781 A1 US20060045781 A1 US 20060045781A1 US 92642404 A US92642404 A US 92642404A US 2006045781 A1 US2006045781 A1 US 2006045781A1
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- axial bore
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- displacement
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 154
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B53/10—Valves; Arrangement of valves
- F04B53/12—Valves; Arrangement of valves arranged in or on pistons
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to methods and systems for lifting fluids from a well. More particularly, relating to a method and apparatus for removing formation fluid, such as water from a low production gas well to reduce static pressure within the well created by the formation fluid, thereby increasing production of gas from the well.
- formation fluid such as water from a low production gas well
- a siphon string is essentially a small diameter tubing string that is lowered into the production string of a well.
- the siphon string provides a reduced cross-sectional flow area which increase the gas velocity in the tubing.
- the higher gas velocity at the bottom of tubing provides more transport energy to lift fluid up out of the well. Liquid no longer accumulates at the bottom of the well, and production is sustained.
- Siphon strings are very difficult to size properly so that the gas velocity meets or exceeds a minimum or critical velocity to prevent the well from loading up. The process of determining the correct size of the tubing string is well described by Turner et al. in “Analysis and Prediction of Minimum Flow Rate for the Continuous Removal of Liquid from Gas Wells”; J. Pet. Tech (September 1969) 1475-1481.
- a plunger lift is an artificial-lift method principally used in gas wells to “unload” relatively small volumes of liquid.
- An automated system is employed to control the well on an intermittent flow regime.
- a plunger is dropped down the production string and then when the control system opens the well for production, the plunger and a column of fluid are carried up the tubing string.
- a surface receiving mechanism detects the plunger when it arrives at the surface and, through the control system, prepares for the next cycle.
- One deficiency of a plunger lift system in the amount of time required for each cycle of the system.
- gas wells are medium to deep wells and plunger must travel a great distance up and down the well to lift fluid.
- a pumpjack is another artificial lift method and basically includes a plunger pump submerged into the well below the volume of water and is actuated by a rod string that extends to the surface, which is reciprocated by a prime mover at the surface.
- a pump jack is an old fashion system and is prone to wear resulting in down time required to make necessary repairs.
- submersible pump is yet an additional method of “unloading” the well, which involves placing the pump at the bottom hole and positively pumping the fluid to the surface of to “unload” the well.
- Submersible pumps are limited to the depth of the well and become less efficient in operation the deeper the well is. Additionally, electrical submersible pumps are typically used which requires the drop-in of an electric control line and electric power line.
- an apparatus and method for efficiently removing fluid from a well is provided.
- the apparatus is relatively inexpensive to manufacture as it incorporates readily available components and is inexpensive to operate due to a low electrical load requirement, which can be met by using solar power systems or by a small electric generator.
- the low power requirement make the instant invention very conducive for operation with wells that do not have access to wired electrical power.
- the apparatus essentially includes a pump body having an exterior surface and an axial bore comprising a first chamber and a second chamber which are separated by a diametrically reduced section of the axial bore.
- the pump body further includes at least one gas vent which extends from the exterior surface of the pump body into the first chamber, a fluid inlet port extending from the exterior into the second chamber, and a fluid discharge port extending from the exterior surface and into the second chamber.
- a hydraulic head is attached to the pump body and a displacement plunger extends from the hydraulic head through the axial bore.
- a hydraulic circuit is attached to the hydraulic head and is operated to control reciprocation of the displacement plunger within the axial bore by the hydraulic head.
- a vent passage extends through a distal end of the displacement plunger for venting gas therethrough from the second chamber into the first chamber and then finally through the gas vent of the pump body.
- a fluid discharge conduit is connected to the fluid discharge port and includes a first check valve connected inline therewith allowing fluid to be discharge in only one direction from the second chamber out of the discharge port and into a lift tube, which is connected to the fluid discharge conduit.
- a second check valve is connected to the fluid inlet port for allowing formation fluid to flow in one direction into the first chamber of the pump body.
- the apparatus in a second embodiment, essentially includes a pump body having an exterior surface and an axial bore.
- a fluid inlet port extends from the exterior surface of the pump body into the axial bore, a fluid discharge port extends from the exterior surface into the axial bore, and a vent port extends from the exterior surface into said axial bore.
- a hydraulic head is attached to the pump body and a displacement plunger extends from the hydraulic head through the axial bore.
- a hydraulic circuit attached to the hydraulic head and operated the same to reciprocate the displacement plunger within the axial bore.
- a fluid discharge conduit is connected to the fluid discharge port and a first check valve is connected inline therewith to allow fluid to flow in only one direction out of the fluid discharge port and into a lift tube connected the fluid discharge conduit.
- a second check valve connected to said fluid inlet port to allow formation fluid to flow in one direction into the axial bore and a vent valve is attached to the vent port for venting gas therethrough and out of the axial bore.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of the preferred embodiment of the method and apparatus for removing fluids from wells constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention
- FIG. 2 a is a side elevation view of a first embodiment of a pump apparatus of the present invention shown in a first position;
- FIG. 2 b is a side elevation view of the pump apparatus of FIG. 2 a shown in a second position;
- FIG. 3 a is a side elevation view of a second embodiment of the pump apparatus of the present invention shown in a first position
- FIG. 3 b is a side elevation view of the pump apparatus of FIG. 3 a shown in a second position.
- the pumping apparatus 10 is employed to lift formation fluid 12 from the well 14 to “unload” the well and restore it back to flow production.
- the formation fluid 12 can be water, oil or any other liquid gas mixture which is present downhole the well 14 to be pumped from one location to another.
- the pump apparatus 10 is shown to be lifting the formation fluid 12 from a conventional gas well 14 , the pump apparatus 10 will work as well in any other environment where its particular features would be beneficial.
- the pump apparatus 10 essentially includes a pump body 18 , a hydraulic head 20 connected to the pump body, a reciprocating displacement plunger 22 connected to and operated by the hydraulic head 20 to reciprocate within the pump body to draw-in formation fluid 12 and displace it from the pump body to the surface of the well 14 .
- the hydraulic head 20 is connected to a hydraulic circuit 24 having a prime mover 26 which is positioned at the surface of the well 14 .
- the prime mover 26 can be of any know device for establishing pressure within the hydraulic lines of a hydraulic system, such as a pump. Due to the design of the pump apparatus 10 , the power requirements to operate the pump apparatus are very low and can be supplied by one of a numerous sources, such as a small portable electric generator or preferable, a solar energy conversion system 15 .
- the pump body 18 has an axial bore 28 defining a first chamber 30 , a diametrically reduced section 32 , and a second chamber 34 .
- At least one gas vent port 36 is formed through the side wall 38 of the pump body 18 and into the first chamber 30 .
- the gas vent port 36 is formed through the side wall 38 normal to the axial bore 28 .
- a fluid in-let port 40 is formed through the side wall 38 of the pump body 18 and into the second chamber 34 .
- the fluid in-let port 40 is formed through the side wall 38 normal to the axial bore 28 .
- a fluid discharge port 42 is also formed through the pump body 18 and into the second chamber 34 .
- the fluid discharge port 42 is formed axially through an end 44 the pump body 18 .
- the hydraulic head 20 is attached to the pump body 18 opposite of end 44 and the displacement plunger 22 extends from the hydraulic head into the axial bore 28 through the first chamber 30 , the diametrically reduced section 32 and into the second chamber 34 .
- the displacement plunger 22 seals the first chamber 30 from the second chamber 34 when passed through the diametrically reduced section 32 .
- a seal 46 is positioned between the displacement plunger 22 and the diametrically reduced section 32 to insure the first chamber 30 and the second chamber 34 remained sealed from on another.
- the stroke of the displacement plunger 22 is about equal to the length of the second chamber 34 .
- the stroke of the displacement plunger 22 is such, when in a fully retracted position the end 48 thereof is flush with the diametrically reduced section 32 on the second chamber 34 side, as illustrated in FIG. 2 a .
- the end 48 is in close tolerance to the end 50 of the second chamber 34 .
- the diameter of the displacement plunger 22 is less then the diameter of the axial bore 28 so that the displacement plunger does not contact the surface of the axial bore to reduce wear and to eliminate the need to lubricate the displacement plunger.
- a vent passage 52 is formed through the end 48 of the displacement plunger 22 such that fluid, gas or air is allowed to pass through the end 48 and out of the gas vent port 36 when the displacement plunger is in the fully retracted position as shown in FIG. 2 a.
- a fluid discharge conduit 54 is attached to the fluid discharge port 42 and includes a first check valve 56 connected in-line therewith to allow formation fluid 12 displaced from the pump body 18 by the displacement pump to only flow in one direction through the discharge conduit and to prevent backflow of the formation fluid into the pump body, which has already been displaced by the displacement plunger.
- a lift tube 58 is provided and is in connected to the discharge conduit 54 to carry the formation fluid 12 to the surface of the well 14 .
- a second check valve 60 is connected to the fluid in-let port 40 and allows formation fluid only flow into the pump body 18 through the fluid in-let port.
- the pump apparatus 10 can include a casing 62 enclosing the pump body 18 , the hydraulic head 20 , and any other element of the pump apparatus as so desired within an interior volume 64 .
- a casing 62 enclosing the pump body 18 , the hydraulic head 20 , and any other element of the pump apparatus as so desired within an interior volume 64 .
- all of the elements are enclosed by the casing 62 and positioned within the interior volume thereof.
- the casing 62 including a pair of fluid passages 66 which are formed through the sidewall 68 of the casing placing the interior volume 64 of the casing in fluid communication with the well 14 .
- the pair of fluid passages 66 are formed through the casing 62 at opposite ends thereof.
- the lift tube 58 is connected to the exterior of the casing and is sealed from the interior volume 64 thereof, with the fluid discharge conduit 54 connected to the lift tube and the hydraulic control lines 70 run down the lift tube and connect to the hydraulic head 20 .
- the pump apparatus 10 is preferably placed downhole below or about the perforations 72 of the well 14 and into a column of formation fluid 12 .
- the displacement plunger 22 is first fully retracted establishing fluid communication between the first chamber 30 and the second chamber 34 by the vent passage 52 formed into the displacement plunger.
- formation fluid 12 is hydrostatically forced by well pressure into the pump body 18 through the fluid in-let port 40 and into the second chamber 34 . If any gas is admixed with the formation fluid 12 it flows from the second chamber 34 through the vent passage 52 into the first chamber 30 and then out of the gas vent port 36 .
- the displacement plunger is held in the retracted position for a predetermined time that is sufficient for a desired volume of formation fluid 12 to collect within the second chamber 34 .
- the displacement plunger 22 When the predetermined time as been met, the displacement plunger 22 is operated by the hydraulic head 20 and is extended into the second chamber 34 . As the displacement plunger 22 travels into the second chamber 34 , the first chamber 30 and the second chamber are fluidically disconnected and the formation fluid 12 present within the second chamber is displaced by the displacement plunger out of the fluid discharge port 42 , into the fluid discharge conduit 54 , and then into the lift tube 58 , where it travels to the surface of the well 14 .
- the displacement plunger 22 Once the displacement plunger 22 has completed the stroke, it is then reset into the retracted position and the cycle is reinitiated.
- the pump apparatus 10 is operated in this manner until enough formation fluid 12 is lifted from the well to “unload” the well and reestablish gas production from the well.
- the pump apparatus 10 is of the basic construction as the first embodiment and includes a pump body 18 , a hydraulic head 20 connected to the pump body, and a reciprocating displacement plunger connected to and operated by the hydraulic head 20 to reciprocate within the pump body to draw-in formation fluid 12 and displace it from the pump body to the surface of the well 14 .
- the main difference between the first and second embodiments is the first chamber 30 , the diametrically reduced section 32 , and the second chamber 34 are eliminated in the second embodiment, and a vent valve is added to control the venting of formation fluid 12 from the pump body 18 .
- the pump body 18 has an axial bore 28 , a gas vent port 36 formed through the side wall 38 of pump body, a fluid in-let port 40 formed through the side wall, and a fluid discharge port 42 formed through the side wall.
- the gas vent port 36 is formed through the side wall 38 normal to the axial bore 28
- the fluid in-let port 40 is formed through the side wall 38 normal to the axial bore 28
- the fluid discharge port 42 is formed axially through an end 44 of the pump body 18 .
- the hydraulic head 20 is attached to the pump body 18 opposite of end 44 and the displacement plunger 22 extends from the hydraulic head into the axial bore 28 .
- the stroke of the displacement plunger 22 is about equal to the length of the axial bore 28 .
- the diameter of the displacement plunger 22 is less then the diameter of the axial bore 28 so that the displacement plunger does not contact the surface of the axial bore to reduce wear and to eliminate the need to lubricate the displacement plunger.
- a fluid discharge conduit 54 is attached to the fluid discharge port 42 and includes a first check valve 56 connected in-line therewith to allow formation fluid 12 displaced from the pump body 18 by the displacement pump to only flow in one direction through the discharge conduit and to prevent backflow of the formation fluid into the pump body.
- a lift tube 58 is provided and is in connected to the discharge conduit 54 to carry the formation fluid 12 to the surface of the well 14 .
- a second check valve 60 is connected to the fluid in-let port 40 and allows formation fluid only flow into the pump body 18 through the fluid in-let port.
- a vent valve 74 is attached to the gas vent port 36 and is operative to control venting of fluid from the gas vent.
- the vent valve 74 is a normally closed valve and is operated to open based upon a predetermined pressure present within the hydraulic circuit 24 .
- the pump apparatus 10 can also optionally include a casing 62 enclosing the pump body 18 , the hydraulic head 20 , and any other element of the pump apparatus as so desired within an interior volume 64 .
- a casing 62 enclosing the pump body 18 , the hydraulic head 20 , and any other element of the pump apparatus as so desired within an interior volume 64 .
- all of the elements are enclosed by the casing 62 and positioned within the interior volume thereof.
- the casing 62 including a pair of fluid passages 66 which are formed through the sidewall 68 of the casing placing the interior volume 64 of the casing in fluid communication with the well 14 .
- the pair of fluid passages 66 are formed through the casing 62 at opposite ends thereof.
- the lift tube 58 is connected to the exterior of the casing and is sealed from the interior volume 64 thereof, with the fluid discharge conduit 54 connected to the lift tube and the hydraulic control lines 70 run down the lift tube and connect to the hydraulic head 20 .
- the displacement plunger 22 is first set at a full retracted position for a predetermined time and formation fluid 12 is allowed to enter the pump body through the fluid in-let port 40 .
- the hydraulic circuit 24 is pressurized to a predetermined pressure opening the gas vent port 36 to vent any gas admixed with the formation fluid drawn into the pump body.
- the gas vent valve 74 is isolated and closed, and the displacement plunger 22 is operated by the hydraulic head 20 and is extended into the axial bore 28 .
- the displacement plunger is extended into the axial bore 28 , the formation fluid 12 is displaced by the displacement plunger out of the fluid discharge port 42 , into the fluid discharge conduit 54 , and then into the lift tube 58 , where it travels to the surface of the well 14 .
- the displacement plunger 22 Once the displacement plunger 22 has completed the stroke, it is then reset into the retracted position and the cycle is reinitiated.
- the pump apparatus 10 is operated in this manner until enough formation fluid 12 is lifted from the well to “unload” the well and reestablish gas completion from the well.
- the operation of the pump apparatus 10 can be a manual control through the incorporation of manually actuated valves in the hydraulic circuit 24 , or preferably, a programmable logic controller 76 is used and is programmed to control the operation of the pump apparatus. It is believed that no further discussion of the manual or controller operation of the pump apparatus is needed as it is in the knowledge of one of ordinary skill to incorporate such control systems into a hydraulic circuit to operate a hydraulic plunger.
- a method of removing formation fluids from a well to “unload” the well involves the steps of providing a hydraulically operated fluid displacement pump connected to a hydraulic circuit, positioning the fluid displacement pump downhole, operating the fluid displacement pump intermittently to vent the pump of gas, load the pump with formation fluid and to discharge the formation fluid to the surface of the well.
- the displacement pump comprising any one of the two above described embodiments.
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Abstract
A method and pump apparatus for removing formation fluids from a “liquid loaded” gas well is provided. The pump apparatus is adapted to be positioned downhole a well and is hydraulically operated to lift formation fluid, such as water from the well to “unload” the well and reestablish gas production. The pump apparatus includes a pump body, a hydraulic head connected to the pump body, and a displacement plunger operated by the hydraulic head to reciprocate the displacement plunger within pump body to draw-in and displace formation fluid from the pump apparatus. The pump apparatus is a fluid displacement type pump and has a low power consumption affording use of the pump apparatus at even the most remote well locations. Additionally, a method of operating the pump apparatus is provided.
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates generally to methods and systems for lifting fluids from a well. More particularly, relating to a method and apparatus for removing formation fluid, such as water from a low production gas well to reduce static pressure within the well created by the formation fluid, thereby increasing production of gas from the well.
- 2. Discussion of the Prior Art
- Many gas wells experience decreased gas production over the service time of the well, and some eventually cease gas production completely. Factors causing this problem include declining reservoir pressure and gas velocities, and increased liquid production. The increased liquid production can results in a column of liquid to accumulating at the bottom of the well, preventing reservoir fluids (gas) from entering the wellbore. This accumulation of liquid is called “liquid loading of the well”.
- There are many systems available to restore a well that is “liquid loaded” back to flow production, such as a siphon string (or velocity string), a plunger lift, a pump jack, and a submersible pump.
- A siphon string is essentially a small diameter tubing string that is lowered into the production string of a well. The siphon string provides a reduced cross-sectional flow area which increase the gas velocity in the tubing. The higher gas velocity at the bottom of tubing provides more transport energy to lift fluid up out of the well. Liquid no longer accumulates at the bottom of the well, and production is sustained. Siphon strings are very difficult to size properly so that the gas velocity meets or exceeds a minimum or critical velocity to prevent the well from loading up. The process of determining the correct size of the tubing string is well described by Turner et al. in “Analysis and Prediction of Minimum Flow Rate for the Continuous Removal of Liquid from Gas Wells”; J. Pet. Tech (September 1969) 1475-1481.
- A plunger lift is an artificial-lift method principally used in gas wells to “unload” relatively small volumes of liquid. An automated system is employed to control the well on an intermittent flow regime. When the well is shut-in, a plunger is dropped down the production string and then when the control system opens the well for production, the plunger and a column of fluid are carried up the tubing string. A surface receiving mechanism detects the plunger when it arrives at the surface and, through the control system, prepares for the next cycle. One deficiency of a plunger lift system in the amount of time required for each cycle of the system. Typically gas wells are medium to deep wells and plunger must travel a great distance up and down the well to lift fluid.
- A pumpjack is another artificial lift method and basically includes a plunger pump submerged into the well below the volume of water and is actuated by a rod string that extends to the surface, which is reciprocated by a prime mover at the surface. A pump jack is an old fashion system and is prone to wear resulting in down time required to make necessary repairs.
- The use of a submersible pump is yet an additional method of “unloading” the well, which involves placing the pump at the bottom hole and positively pumping the fluid to the surface of to “unload” the well. Submersible pumps are limited to the depth of the well and become less efficient in operation the deeper the well is. Additionally, electrical submersible pumps are typically used which requires the drop-in of an electric control line and electric power line.
- While the above described systems operate as intended, there exists a need for a more efficient method and apparatus for “unloading” a well, as such the method and apparatus of the instant invention provides such a method and apparatus which is more efficient, less costly to operate, experiences less wear, and has a reduced cycle time.
- In accordance with the present invention, an apparatus and method for efficiently removing fluid from a well is provided. The apparatus is relatively inexpensive to manufacture as it incorporates readily available components and is inexpensive to operate due to a low electrical load requirement, which can be met by using solar power systems or by a small electric generator. The low power requirement make the instant invention very conducive for operation with wells that do not have access to wired electrical power.
- In one embodiment, the apparatus essentially includes a pump body having an exterior surface and an axial bore comprising a first chamber and a second chamber which are separated by a diametrically reduced section of the axial bore. The pump body further includes at least one gas vent which extends from the exterior surface of the pump body into the first chamber, a fluid inlet port extending from the exterior into the second chamber, and a fluid discharge port extending from the exterior surface and into the second chamber. A hydraulic head is attached to the pump body and a displacement plunger extends from the hydraulic head through the axial bore. A hydraulic circuit is attached to the hydraulic head and is operated to control reciprocation of the displacement plunger within the axial bore by the hydraulic head. A vent passage extends through a distal end of the displacement plunger for venting gas therethrough from the second chamber into the first chamber and then finally through the gas vent of the pump body. A fluid discharge conduit is connected to the fluid discharge port and includes a first check valve connected inline therewith allowing fluid to be discharge in only one direction from the second chamber out of the discharge port and into a lift tube, which is connected to the fluid discharge conduit. A second check valve is connected to the fluid inlet port for allowing formation fluid to flow in one direction into the first chamber of the pump body.
- In a second embodiment, the apparatus essentially includes a pump body having an exterior surface and an axial bore. A fluid inlet port extends from the exterior surface of the pump body into the axial bore, a fluid discharge port extends from the exterior surface into the axial bore, and a vent port extends from the exterior surface into said axial bore. A hydraulic head is attached to the pump body and a displacement plunger extends from the hydraulic head through the axial bore. A hydraulic circuit attached to the hydraulic head and operated the same to reciprocate the displacement plunger within the axial bore. A fluid discharge conduit is connected to the fluid discharge port and a first check valve is connected inline therewith to allow fluid to flow in only one direction out of the fluid discharge port and into a lift tube connected the fluid discharge conduit. A second check valve connected to said fluid inlet port to allow formation fluid to flow in one direction into the axial bore and a vent valve is attached to the vent port for venting gas therethrough and out of the axial bore.
- There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, the more important features of the invention in order that the detailed description thereof that follows may be better understood and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated.
- Numerous objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon a reading of the following detailed description of presently preferred, but nonetheless illustrative, embodiments of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced and carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of descriptions and should not be regarded as limiting.
- As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception, upon which this disclosure is based, may readily be utilized as a basis for the designing of other structures, methods and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the present invention. It is important, therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent constructions insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
- For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and the specific objects attained by its uses, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there is illustrated preferred embodiments of the invention.
- The invention will be better understood and objects other than those set forth above will become apparent when consideration is given to the following detailed description thereof. Such description makes reference to the annexed drawings wherein:
-
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of the preferred embodiment of the method and apparatus for removing fluids from wells constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 a is a side elevation view of a first embodiment of a pump apparatus of the present invention shown in a first position; -
FIG. 2 b is a side elevation view of the pump apparatus ofFIG. 2 a shown in a second position; -
FIG. 3 a is a side elevation view of a second embodiment of the pump apparatus of the present invention shown in a first position; and -
FIG. 3 b is a side elevation view of the pump apparatus ofFIG. 3 a shown in a second position. - The same reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the various figures.
- Referring now to the drawings, and particularly to
FIGS. 1-3 , a preferred embodiment of thepump apparatus 10 is illustrated. Thepumping apparatus 10 is employed to liftformation fluid 12 from the well 14 to “unload” the well and restore it back to flow production. Theformation fluid 12 can be water, oil or any other liquid gas mixture which is present downhole the well 14 to be pumped from one location to another. In addition, while thepump apparatus 10 is shown to be lifting theformation fluid 12 from a conventional gas well 14, thepump apparatus 10 will work as well in any other environment where its particular features would be beneficial. - The
pump apparatus 10 essentially includes apump body 18, ahydraulic head 20 connected to the pump body, areciprocating displacement plunger 22 connected to and operated by thehydraulic head 20 to reciprocate within the pump body to draw-information fluid 12 and displace it from the pump body to the surface of the well 14. - The
hydraulic head 20 is connected to ahydraulic circuit 24 having aprime mover 26 which is positioned at the surface of the well 14. Theprime mover 26 can be of any know device for establishing pressure within the hydraulic lines of a hydraulic system, such as a pump. Due to the design of thepump apparatus 10, the power requirements to operate the pump apparatus are very low and can be supplied by one of a numerous sources, such as a small portable electric generator or preferable, a solarenergy conversion system 15. - Referring now to
FIG. 2 a, the construction of thepump apparatus 10 will be described in more detail. Thepump body 18 has anaxial bore 28 defining afirst chamber 30, a diametrically reducedsection 32, and asecond chamber 34. At least onegas vent port 36 is formed through theside wall 38 of thepump body 18 and into thefirst chamber 30. Preferably, thegas vent port 36 is formed through theside wall 38 normal to theaxial bore 28. A fluid in-let port 40 is formed through theside wall 38 of thepump body 18 and into thesecond chamber 34. Preferably, the fluid in-let port 40 is formed through theside wall 38 normal to theaxial bore 28. Afluid discharge port 42 is also formed through thepump body 18 and into thesecond chamber 34. Preferably, thefluid discharge port 42 is formed axially through anend 44 thepump body 18. - The
hydraulic head 20 is attached to thepump body 18 opposite ofend 44 and thedisplacement plunger 22 extends from the hydraulic head into theaxial bore 28 through thefirst chamber 30, the diametrically reducedsection 32 and into thesecond chamber 34. Thedisplacement plunger 22 seals thefirst chamber 30 from thesecond chamber 34 when passed through the diametrically reducedsection 32. Aseal 46 is positioned between thedisplacement plunger 22 and the diametrically reducedsection 32 to insure thefirst chamber 30 and thesecond chamber 34 remained sealed from on another. Preferable the stroke of thedisplacement plunger 22 is about equal to the length of thesecond chamber 34. The stroke of thedisplacement plunger 22 is such, when in a fully retracted position the end 48 thereof is flush with the diametrically reducedsection 32 on thesecond chamber 34 side, as illustrated inFIG. 2 a. When thedisplacement plunger 22 is in a fully extended position, the end 48 is in close tolerance to theend 50 of thesecond chamber 34. - Preferably, the diameter of the
displacement plunger 22 is less then the diameter of theaxial bore 28 so that the displacement plunger does not contact the surface of the axial bore to reduce wear and to eliminate the need to lubricate the displacement plunger. - A
vent passage 52 is formed through the end 48 of thedisplacement plunger 22 such that fluid, gas or air is allowed to pass through the end 48 and out of thegas vent port 36 when the displacement plunger is in the fully retracted position as shown inFIG. 2 a. - A
fluid discharge conduit 54 is attached to thefluid discharge port 42 and includes afirst check valve 56 connected in-line therewith to allowformation fluid 12 displaced from thepump body 18 by the displacement pump to only flow in one direction through the discharge conduit and to prevent backflow of the formation fluid into the pump body, which has already been displaced by the displacement plunger. - A
lift tube 58 is provided and is in connected to thedischarge conduit 54 to carry theformation fluid 12 to the surface of the well 14. - A
second check valve 60 is connected to the fluid in-let port 40 and allows formation fluid only flow into thepump body 18 through the fluid in-let port. - Additionally, the
pump apparatus 10 can include acasing 62 enclosing thepump body 18, thehydraulic head 20, and any other element of the pump apparatus as so desired within aninterior volume 64. Preferable, all of the elements are enclosed by thecasing 62 and positioned within the interior volume thereof. Thecasing 62 including a pair offluid passages 66 which are formed through thesidewall 68 of the casing placing theinterior volume 64 of the casing in fluid communication with the well 14. Most preferably, the pair offluid passages 66 are formed through thecasing 62 at opposite ends thereof. - When the
casing 62 is included in thepump apparatus 10, thelift tube 58 is connected to the exterior of the casing and is sealed from theinterior volume 64 thereof, with thefluid discharge conduit 54 connected to the lift tube and thehydraulic control lines 70 run down the lift tube and connect to thehydraulic head 20. - Referring now to
FIGS. 2 a and 2 b, thepump apparatus 10 is preferably placed downhole below or about theperforations 72 of the well 14 and into a column offormation fluid 12. Thedisplacement plunger 22 is first fully retracted establishing fluid communication between thefirst chamber 30 and thesecond chamber 34 by thevent passage 52 formed into the displacement plunger. In this position,formation fluid 12 is hydrostatically forced by well pressure into thepump body 18 through the fluid in-let port 40 and into thesecond chamber 34. If any gas is admixed with theformation fluid 12 it flows from thesecond chamber 34 through thevent passage 52 into thefirst chamber 30 and then out of thegas vent port 36. The displacement plunger is held in the retracted position for a predetermined time that is sufficient for a desired volume offormation fluid 12 to collect within thesecond chamber 34. - When the predetermined time as been met, the
displacement plunger 22 is operated by thehydraulic head 20 and is extended into thesecond chamber 34. As thedisplacement plunger 22 travels into thesecond chamber 34, thefirst chamber 30 and the second chamber are fluidically disconnected and theformation fluid 12 present within the second chamber is displaced by the displacement plunger out of thefluid discharge port 42, into thefluid discharge conduit 54, and then into thelift tube 58, where it travels to the surface of the well 14. - Once the
displacement plunger 22 has completed the stroke, it is then reset into the retracted position and the cycle is reinitiated. Thepump apparatus 10 is operated in this manner untilenough formation fluid 12 is lifted from the well to “unload” the well and reestablish gas production from the well. - Referring now to
FIGS. 3 a and 3 b, a second embodiment of thepump apparatus 10 is illustrated and will be described. In this embodiment, thepump apparatus 10 is of the basic construction as the first embodiment and includes apump body 18, ahydraulic head 20 connected to the pump body, and a reciprocating displacement plunger connected to and operated by thehydraulic head 20 to reciprocate within the pump body to draw-information fluid 12 and displace it from the pump body to the surface of the well 14. The main difference between the first and second embodiments is thefirst chamber 30, the diametrically reducedsection 32, and thesecond chamber 34 are eliminated in the second embodiment, and a vent valve is added to control the venting offormation fluid 12 from thepump body 18. - More particularly in the second embodiment, the
pump body 18 has anaxial bore 28, agas vent port 36 formed through theside wall 38 of pump body, a fluid in-let port 40 formed through the side wall, and afluid discharge port 42 formed through the side wall. Most preferably, thegas vent port 36 is formed through theside wall 38 normal to theaxial bore 28, the fluid in-let port 40 is formed through theside wall 38 normal to theaxial bore 28, and thefluid discharge port 42 is formed axially through anend 44 of thepump body 18. - The
hydraulic head 20 is attached to thepump body 18 opposite ofend 44 and thedisplacement plunger 22 extends from the hydraulic head into theaxial bore 28. Preferable the stroke of thedisplacement plunger 22 is about equal to the length of theaxial bore 28. Most preferably, the diameter of thedisplacement plunger 22 is less then the diameter of theaxial bore 28 so that the displacement plunger does not contact the surface of the axial bore to reduce wear and to eliminate the need to lubricate the displacement plunger. - A
fluid discharge conduit 54 is attached to thefluid discharge port 42 and includes afirst check valve 56 connected in-line therewith to allowformation fluid 12 displaced from thepump body 18 by the displacement pump to only flow in one direction through the discharge conduit and to prevent backflow of the formation fluid into the pump body. - A
lift tube 58 is provided and is in connected to thedischarge conduit 54 to carry theformation fluid 12 to the surface of the well 14. - A
second check valve 60 is connected to the fluid in-let port 40 and allows formation fluid only flow into thepump body 18 through the fluid in-let port. - A
vent valve 74 is attached to thegas vent port 36 and is operative to control venting of fluid from the gas vent. Preferably, thevent valve 74 is a normally closed valve and is operated to open based upon a predetermined pressure present within thehydraulic circuit 24. - As in the previous embodiment, the
pump apparatus 10 can also optionally include acasing 62 enclosing thepump body 18, thehydraulic head 20, and any other element of the pump apparatus as so desired within aninterior volume 64. Preferable, all of the elements are enclosed by thecasing 62 and positioned within the interior volume thereof. Thecasing 62 including a pair offluid passages 66 which are formed through thesidewall 68 of the casing placing theinterior volume 64 of the casing in fluid communication with the well 14. Most preferably, the pair offluid passages 66 are formed through thecasing 62 at opposite ends thereof. - When the
casing 62 is included in thepump apparatus 10, thelift tube 58 is connected to the exterior of the casing and is sealed from theinterior volume 64 thereof, with thefluid discharge conduit 54 connected to the lift tube and thehydraulic control lines 70 run down the lift tube and connect to thehydraulic head 20. - In operation, the
displacement plunger 22 is first set at a full retracted position for a predetermined time andformation fluid 12 is allowed to enter the pump body through the fluid in-let port 40. Thehydraulic circuit 24 is pressurized to a predetermined pressure opening thegas vent port 36 to vent any gas admixed with the formation fluid drawn into the pump body. - When the predetermined time is met, the
gas vent valve 74 is isolated and closed, and thedisplacement plunger 22 is operated by thehydraulic head 20 and is extended into theaxial bore 28. As the displacement plunger is extended into theaxial bore 28, theformation fluid 12 is displaced by the displacement plunger out of thefluid discharge port 42, into thefluid discharge conduit 54, and then into thelift tube 58, where it travels to the surface of the well 14. - Once the
displacement plunger 22 has completed the stroke, it is then reset into the retracted position and the cycle is reinitiated. Thepump apparatus 10 is operated in this manner untilenough formation fluid 12 is lifted from the well to “unload” the well and reestablish gas completion from the well. - In either embodiment, the operation of the
pump apparatus 10 can be a manual control through the incorporation of manually actuated valves in thehydraulic circuit 24, or preferably, aprogrammable logic controller 76 is used and is programmed to control the operation of the pump apparatus. It is believed that no further discussion of the manual or controller operation of the pump apparatus is needed as it is in the knowledge of one of ordinary skill to incorporate such control systems into a hydraulic circuit to operate a hydraulic plunger. - A method of removing formation fluids from a well to “unload” the well is also provided. The method involves the steps of providing a hydraulically operated fluid displacement pump connected to a hydraulic circuit, positioning the fluid displacement pump downhole, operating the fluid displacement pump intermittently to vent the pump of gas, load the pump with formation fluid and to discharge the formation fluid to the surface of the well. The displacement pump comprising any one of the two above described embodiments.
- A number of embodiments of the present invention have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (15)
1. A hydraulic fluid displacement pump comprising:
a pump body having an exterior surface and defining an axial bore comprising a first chamber and a second chamber which are separated by a diametrically reduced section of said axial bore, said pump body further defining at least one gas vent extending from said exterior surface into said first chamber, a fluid inlet port extending from said exterior into said second chamber, and a fluid discharge port extending from said exterior thereof into said second chamber;
a hydraulic head attached to said pump body;
a displacement plunger, said displacement plunger extending from said hydraulic head through said axial bore and which is operated by said hydraulic head to be reciprocated within said axial bore, said displacement plunger defining a vent passage through a distal end thereof;
a hydraulic circuit attached to said hydraulic head;
a fluid discharge conduit connected to said fluid discharge port;
a first check valve inline with said fluid discharge conduit;
a second check valve connected to said fluid inlet port; and
a lift tube, wherein said lift tube is in fluid communication with said discharge conduit.
2. The hydraulic fluid displacement pump of claim 1 , wherein said first chamber and said second chamber are of diameters which are greater then the diameter of said displacement plunger.
3. The hydraulic fluid displacement pump of claim 1 , further comprising:
a casing having an interior volume, said casing enclosing said pump body and said hydraulic head within said interior volume, said casing defining a first fluid passage in fluid communication with said interior volume at a first end thereof and a second fluid passage in fluid communication with said interior volume at a second end thereof; and
wherein said lift tube is attached to said casing and is sealed from said interior volume thereof.
4. The hydraulic fluid displacement pump of claim 1 , further comprising a control system operatively connected to said hydraulic circuit to control the reciprocation of said displacement plunger.
5. The hydraulic fluid displacement pump of claim 4 , wherein said control system is comprises a programmable logic controller.
6. The hydraulic fluid displacement pump of claim 1 , wherein said first chamber and said second chamber are fluidically sealed from one another by said displacement plunger extending through said diametrically reduced section.
7. A hydraulic fluid displacement pump comprising:
a pump body having an exterior surface, said pump body defining an axial bore, a fluid inlet port extending said exterior into said axial bore, a fluid discharge port extending from said exterior surface into said axial bore, and a vent port extending from said exterior surface into said axial bore;
a hydraulic head attached to said pump body and positioned within said casing;
a displacement plunger which extends from said hydraulic head through said axial bore and which is operated by said hydraulic head to be reciprocated within said axial bore;
a hydraulic circuit attached to said hydraulic head;
a fluid discharge conduit connected to said fluid discharge port;
a first check valve inline with said fluid discharge conduit;
a second check valve connected to said fluid inlet port;
a lift tube, wherein said lift tube is in fluid communication with said discharge conduit; and
a vent valve attached to said vent port.
8. The hydraulic fluid displacement pump of claim 7 , further comprising a control system operatively connected to said hydraulic circuit to control the reciprocation of said displacement plunger.
9. The hydraulic fluid displacement pump of claim 7 , wherein said vent valve is a normally closed valve and is operated to open based upon a predetermined fluid pressure within said hydraulic circuit.
10. The hydraulic fluid displacement pump of claim 7 , further comprising:
a casing having an interior volume and enclosing said pump body and said hydraulic head within said interior volume, said casing defining a first fluid passage in fluid communication with said interior volume at a first end thereof and a second fluid passage in fluid communication with said interior volume at a second end thereof; and
wherein said lift tube is attached to said casing and is sealed from said interior volume thereof.
11. The hydraulic fluid displacement pump of claim 7 , wherein said axial bore is of a diameter greater then the diameter of said displacement plunger.
12. A method of operating a fluid displacement pump to remove fluid from a liquid loaded well comprising the steps of:
providing a hydraulically operated fluid displacement pump connected to a hydraulic circuit;
positioning said fluid displacement pump downhole;
operating said fluid displacement pump intermittently to vent said pump of gas, load said pump with formation fluid and to discharge said formation fluid to the surface of the well.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein said displacement pump comprises:
a pump body having an exterior surface and defining an axial bore comprising a first chamber and a second chamber which are separated by a diametrically reduced section of said axial bore, said pump body further defining at least one gas vent extending from said exterior surface into said first chamber, a fluid inlet port extending from said exterior into said second chamber, and a fluid discharge port extending from said exterior thereof into said second chamber;
a hydraulic head attached to said pump body, said hydraulic head connected to said hydraulic circuit;
a displacement plunger which extends from said hydraulic head through said axial bore and which is operated by said hydraulic head to be reciprocated within said axial bore, said displacement plunger defining a vent passage through a distal end thereof;
a fluid discharge conduit connected to said fluid discharge port;
a first check valve inline with said fluid discharge conduit;
a second check valve connected to said fluid inlet port;
a lift tube, wherein said lift tube is in fluid communication with said discharge conduit; and
wherein said step of intermittent operation includes raising said displacement plunger within said axial bore to a raised position, holding said displacement plunger at said raised position for a predetermined time to vent gas from said pump body and to load said pump body with formation fluid, and then lowering said displacement plunger within said axial bore to displace said formation fluid from said pump body to the surface of the well.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein said fluid displacement pump is operated intermittently by a programmable logic controller.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein said displacement pump comprises:
a pump body having an exterior surface, said pump body defining an axial bore, a fluid inlet port extending said exterior into said axial bore, a fluid discharge port extending from said exterior surface into said axial bore, and a vent port extending from said exterior surface into said axial bore;
a hydraulic head attached to said pump body, said hydraulic head connected to said hydraulic circuit;
a displacement plunger which extends from said hydraulic head through said axial bore and which is operated by said hydraulic head to be reciprocated within said axial bore;
a hydraulic circuit attached to said hydraulic head;
a fluid discharge conduit connected to said fluid discharge port;
a first check valve inline with said fluid discharge conduit;
a second check valve connected to said fluid inlet port;
a lift tube, wherein said lift tube is in fluid communication with said discharge conduit;
a vent valve attached to said vent port; and
wherein said step of intermittent operation includes raising said displacement plunger to a raised position within said axial bore, opening said vent valve, holding said displacement plunger at said raised position to vent gas from said pump body and to load said pump body with formation fluid, closing said vent valve, and then lowering said displacement plunger within said axial bore to displace said formation fluid from said pump body to the surface of the well.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/926,424 US20060045781A1 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2004-08-26 | Method and pump apparatus for removing liquids from wells |
US10/711,832 US20060045767A1 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2004-10-07 | Method And Apparatus For Removing Liquids From Wells |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/926,424 US20060045781A1 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2004-08-26 | Method and pump apparatus for removing liquids from wells |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/711,832 Continuation-In-Part US20060045767A1 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2004-10-07 | Method And Apparatus For Removing Liquids From Wells |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20060045781A1 true US20060045781A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
Family
ID=35943406
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/926,424 Abandoned US20060045781A1 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2004-08-26 | Method and pump apparatus for removing liquids from wells |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20060045781A1 (en) |
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US20080063544A1 (en) * | 2006-09-11 | 2008-03-13 | Petro-Canada | Discharge pressure actuated pump |
US20080080990A1 (en) * | 2006-09-11 | 2008-04-03 | Petro-Canada | Discharge pressure actuated pump |
US20090032262A1 (en) * | 2007-08-03 | 2009-02-05 | Zupanick Joseph A | Flow control system having an isolation device for preventing gas interference during downhole liquid removal operations |
DE102007058068A1 (en) * | 2007-12-03 | 2009-06-04 | GMK Gesellschaft für Motoren und Kraftanlagen mbH | Liquid i.e. thermal water, conveying device for use in geothermal plant, has feed pump connected with drive unit that comprises engine, where engine cooperates with hydromechanical drive that is coupled with feed pump |
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US8834133B2 (en) | 2010-08-05 | 2014-09-16 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Pumping device for fluids located at the bottom of a drilled well |
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2004
- 2004-08-26 US US10/926,424 patent/US20060045781A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US20080080990A1 (en) * | 2006-09-11 | 2008-04-03 | Petro-Canada | Discharge pressure actuated pump |
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US20090032263A1 (en) * | 2007-08-03 | 2009-02-05 | Zupanick Joseph A | Flow control system utilizing an isolation device positioned uphole of a liquid removal device |
US8006767B2 (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2011-08-30 | Pine Tree Gas, Llc | Flow control system having a downhole rotatable valve |
US20090050312A1 (en) * | 2007-08-03 | 2009-02-26 | Zupanick Joseph A | Flow control system having a downhole check valve selectively operable from a surface of a well |
US8162065B2 (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2012-04-24 | Pine Tree Gas, Llc | System and method for controlling liquid removal operations in a gas-producing well |
DE102007058068A1 (en) * | 2007-12-03 | 2009-06-04 | GMK Gesellschaft für Motoren und Kraftanlagen mbH | Liquid i.e. thermal water, conveying device for use in geothermal plant, has feed pump connected with drive unit that comprises engine, where engine cooperates with hydromechanical drive that is coupled with feed pump |
DE102007058068B4 (en) * | 2007-12-03 | 2013-10-24 | GMK Gesellschaft für Motoren und Kraftanlagen mbH | Apparatus and method for conveying liquids, in particular thermal water, and use of such a device |
US8276673B2 (en) | 2008-03-13 | 2012-10-02 | Pine Tree Gas, Llc | Gas lift system |
US8235112B2 (en) | 2008-09-03 | 2012-08-07 | Encana Corporation | Gas flow system |
US7954547B2 (en) | 2008-09-03 | 2011-06-07 | Encana Corporation | Gas flow system |
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US8511390B2 (en) | 2009-12-23 | 2013-08-20 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Rigless low volume pump system |
US20110186302A1 (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-08-04 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Rigless low volume pump system |
US8925637B2 (en) | 2009-12-23 | 2015-01-06 | Bp Corporation North America, Inc. | Rigless low volume pump system |
US9127535B2 (en) | 2009-12-23 | 2015-09-08 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Rigless low volume pump system |
US8834133B2 (en) | 2010-08-05 | 2014-09-16 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Pumping device for fluids located at the bottom of a drilled well |
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Legal Events
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