US20060009467A1 - Novel gamma secretase inhibitors - Google Patents

Novel gamma secretase inhibitors Download PDF

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US20060009467A1
US20060009467A1 US11/223,545 US22354505A US2006009467A1 US 20060009467 A1 US20060009467 A1 US 20060009467A1 US 22354505 A US22354505 A US 22354505A US 2006009467 A1 US2006009467 A1 US 2006009467A1
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alkyl
compound
aryl
alkylene
heteroaryl
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Hubert Josien
John Clader
Theodros Asberom
Dmitri Pissarnitski
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Merck Sharp and Dohme Corp
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Schering Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D211/56—Nitrogen atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D211/56—Nitrogen atoms
    • C07D211/58—Nitrogen atoms attached in position 4
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D211/60—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D211/62—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals attached in position 4
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms

Definitions

  • WO 00/50391 published Aug. 13, 2000, discloses compounds having a sulfonamide moiety that are useful for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's Disease and other diseases relating to the deposition of amyloid protein.
  • This invention provides compounds that are inhibitors (e.g., antagonists) of Gamma Secretase and have the formula: or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein:
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are independently selected from aryl or heteroaryl;
  • (B) Y is bond, or Y is a —(C(R 3 ) 2 ) 1-3 — group;
  • each R 1 is independently selected from:
  • each R 2 is independently selected from:
  • each R 3 is independently selected from H or —(C 1 -C 3 )alkyl
  • each R 4 is independently selected from:
  • R 5 is selected from:
  • R 6 is —H or —(C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl
  • X is selected from: CH 2 , O, S, SO, SO 2 , or N—R 7 ;
  • R 7 is selected from:
  • n and p are independently selected from 0 to 3 to form a 4 to 7 member ring;
  • (L) r is 0 to 3;
  • (N) t is 0 to 3.
  • This invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of at least one compound of formula I and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • This invention also provides a method for inhibiting gamma-secretase in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound of formula I.
  • This invention also provides a method of treating neurodegenerative diseases in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound of formula I.
  • This invention also provides a method of inhibiting the deposition of amyloid protein (e.g., beta amyloid) in, on or around neurological tissue (e.g., the brain) in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound of formula I.
  • amyloid protein e.g., beta amyloid
  • This invention also provides a method of treating Alzheimer's disease in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound of formula I.
  • Patient includes both humans and other mammals. “Mammal” means humans and other animals.
  • AcOEt represents ethyl acetate
  • alkyl (including the alkyl portions of alkoxy, alkylamino and dialkylamino)-represents straight and branched carbon chains and contains from one to twenty carbon atoms, preferably one to six carbon atoms, said alkyl group being optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2 or 3) substituents independently selected from: halogen, —OH, —OCH 3 , —NH 2 , —NHCH 3 , or —N(CH 3 ) 2 ;
  • alkylene represents a —(CH 2 ) m — group wherein m is 1 to 20, generally 1 to 6 and more usually 1 to 4, said alkylene group can be optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1 to 3) substituents independently selected from: halogen, —OH, —OCH 3 , —NH 2 , —NHCH 3 , or —N(CH 3 ) 2 ;
  • ar represents aryl as defined below;
  • aralkyl represents an aryl group, as defined below, bound to an alkyl group, as defined above, wherein said alkyl group is bound to a molecule (e.g., a compound of the claimed invention or an intermediate to a compound of the invention);
  • ar(C 1 -C 3 )alkyl represents an arylalkyl group wherein said alkyl group has 1 to 3 carbons;
  • aryl (including the aryl portion of aryloxy, aryloxy and aralkyl (i.e., arylalkyl)) represents a carbocyclic group containing from 6 to 15 carbon atoms and having at least one aromatic ring (e.g., phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, tetrahydronaphthyl or indanyl), with all available substitutable carbon atoms of the carbocyclic group being intended as possible points of attachment; said carbocyclic group being optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1 to 3) substituents independently selected from: halo, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, —CN, phenyl, phenoxy, —CF 3 , amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aryl (provided that if this aryl group is optionally substituted with one or more aryl groups these latter aryl groups are not further substituted with aryl groups
  • BOC represents tert-butoxycarbonyl
  • Cycloalkyl represents a non-aromatic ring straight or branched system comprising about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms. Preferred cycloalkyl rings contain about 3 to about 6 ring atoms.
  • suitable straight cycloalkyls include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like;
  • suitable branched cycloalkyls include 2-methylcyclopropyl, 3-ethylcyclopentyl and the like;
  • (C1-C3)alkylene-(C3-C6)cycloalkyl represents a (C3-C6)cycloalkyl group attached through a (C1-C3)alkylene group to a main molecule.
  • a suitable (C1-C3)alkylene-(C3-C6)cycloalkyl is:
  • —C(O)ar(C 1 -C 3 )alkyl represents a —C(O)-aralkyl group wherein the alkyl group has 1 to 3 carbons;
  • —C(O)heteroar(C 1 -C 3 )alkyl represents a —C(O)-heteroaralkyl group wherein the alkyl group has 1 to 3 carbons;
  • DCE represents 1,2-dichloroethane
  • DEAD represents diethyl azodicarboxylate
  • DMAP represents 4-dimethylaminopyridine
  • DME represents 1,2-dimethoxyethane
  • DMF represents N,N-dimethylformamide
  • EDCI represents 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride
  • Et 3 N represents triethylamine
  • Et 2 O represents diethyl ether
  • EtOAc represents ethyl acetate
  • EtOH represents ethanol
  • FMOC represents 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl
  • halogen represents fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo
  • heteroaryl (including the heteroaryl portion of heteroarylalkyl) represents a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic group having at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1, 2 or 3) independently selected from O, S or N, said heteroatom interrupting a carbocyclic ring structure and having a sufficient number of delocalized pi electrons to provide aromatic character, with the aromatic heterocyclic groups preferably containing from 2 to 14 carbon atoms, e.g., triazolyl, imidazolyl, thienyl, furanyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzofuranyl, benzopyranyl, benzothienyl, thiazolyl, indolyl, naphthyridinyl, pyridyl (e.g., 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl) or pyridyl N-oxide (e.g., 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl N-oxide), wherein pyridyl N-
  • heteroaralkyl represents a heteroaryl group, as defined above, bound to an alkyl group, as defined above, wherein said alkyl group is bound to a molecule (e.g., a compound of the claimed invention or an intermediate to a compound of the invention);
  • heteroar(C 1 -C 3 )alkyl represents a heteroarylalkyl group wherein the alkyl group has 1 to 3 carbons;
  • HOBT represents 1 -hydroxybenzotriazole
  • MeOH represents methanol
  • —Oar(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl represents a —O-aralkyl group wherein the alkyl group has one to six carbons;
  • Ph represents phenyl
  • PPh 3 represents triphenylphosphine
  • TBDMS represents tert-butyldimethylsilyl
  • TFA represents trifluoroacetic acid
  • THF represents tetrahydrofuran
  • TLC represents Thin Layer Chromatography.
  • moieties e.g., substituents, groups or rings
  • the phrases “one or more” and “at least one” mean that there can be as many moieties as chemical permitted, and the determination of the maximum number of such moieties is well within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
  • “one or more” or “at least one” can mean 1 to 6 moieties, and generally 1 to 4 moieties, and usually 1 to 3 moieties.
  • an effective amount as used in the methods and pharmaceutical compositions of this invention means a therapeutically effective amount, i.e., an amount needed to achieve the desired therapeutic effect.
  • neurodegenerative disease has its commonly accepted medical meaning and describes diseases and conditions resulting from abnormal function of neurons, including neuronal death and abnormal release of neurotransmitters or neurotoxic substances. In this instance it also includes all diseases resulting from abnormal levels of beta amyloid protein. Examples of such diseases include, but are not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, age-related dementia, cerebral or systemic amyloidosis, hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis, and Down's syndrome.
  • Lines drawn into the ring systems indicate that the indicated bond may be attached to any of the substitutable ring carbon atoms.
  • Certain compounds of the invention may exist in different isomeric (e.g., enantiomers and diastereoisomers) forms.
  • the invention contemplates all such isomers both in pure form and in admixture, including racemic mixtures. Enol forms are also included.
  • the compounds of the invention can be administered as racemic mixtures or enantiomerically pure compounds.
  • Certain compounds will be acidic in nature, e.g. those compounds which possess a carboxyl or phenolic hydroxyl group. These compounds may form pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Examples of such salts may include sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminum, gold and silver salts. Also contemplated are salts formed with pharmaceutically acceptable amines such as ammonia, alkyl amines, hydroxyalkylamines, N-methylglucamine and the like.
  • Certain basic compounds also form pharmaceutically acceptable salts, e.g., acid addition salts.
  • the pyrido-nitrogen atoms may form salts with strong acid, while compounds having basic substituents such as amino groups also form salts with weaker acids.
  • suitable acids for salt formation are hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, acetic, citric, oxalic, malonic, salicylic, malic, fumaric, succinic, ascorbic, maleic, methanesulfonic and other mineral and carboxylic acids well known to those in the art.
  • the salts are prepared by contacting the free base form with a sufficient amount of the desired acid to produce a salt in the conventional manner.
  • the free base forms may be regenerated by treating the salt with a suitable dilute aqueous base solution such as dilute aqueous NaOH, potassium carbonate, ammonia and sodium bicarbonate.
  • a suitable dilute aqueous base solution such as dilute aqueous NaOH, potassium carbonate, ammonia and sodium bicarbonate.
  • the free base forms differ from their respective salt forms somewhat in certain physical properties, such as solubility in polar solvents, but the acid and base salts are otherwise equivalent to their respective free base forms for purposes of the invention.
  • One embodiment of this invention provides compounds of formula Ia: wherein all substituents are as defined for the compounds of formula I.
  • Another embodiment of this invention provides compounds of formula Ib: wherein all substituents are as defined for the compounds of formula I.
  • R 6 is methyl; and even still more preferably: wherein R 6 is methyl or hydrogen (yet still more preferably hydrogen), and R 7 is —(C 1 -C 3 )alkyl, —(C 1 -C 3 )alkylene-O—(C 1 -C 3 )alkyl, —(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl or —(C1-C3)alkylene-(C3-C6)cycloalkyl.
  • Representative compounds of the invention include but are not limited to the compounds of Examples 1 to 230.
  • Preferred compounds of the invention are the compounds of Examples 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 56, 62, 79, 161, 162, 180, 181, 182, 208, 209, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219 or 220.
  • Y A represents a bond or —(C(R 3 ) 2 ) 1-2 .
  • N-Boc mono-protected diamine 1.0 is treated with an aldehyde (R 2 ) q —Y A -Ar 2 CHO, optionally in the presence of a dehydrating agent such as anhydrous magnesium sulfate or 4A molecular sieves.
  • the resulting Schiff base is treated with a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride in an appropriate solvent such as methanol or ethanol, and the intermediate amine is reacted with arylsulfonyl chloride (R 1 ) r -Ar 1 SO 2 Cl in a solvent, such as dichloromethane, and in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine, to provide sulfonamide intermediate 2.0.
  • This sulfonamide intermediate 2.0 is treated with an acid such as TFA to remove the Boc-protecting group.
  • the resulting amine is further functionalized to introduce the group R 5 using standard methods known to those skilled in the art, such as via reductive amination with an appropriate aldehyde or ketone, nucleophilic displacement with an alkyl- or aralkyl- halide, amide formation with an acyl halide or acid, urea formation with an isocyanate or a suitable carbonyl chloride agent, or sulfonamidation to provide the expected N-aralkylsulfonamide Ia.
  • Z can be a leaving group such as chloro, bromo, iodo, tosylate, mesylate, triflate, brosylate, or OH, or R 5 Z together may be an aldehyde, or R 5 may be terminated with an —NCO moiety.
  • Certain compounds of this invention are prepared from other compounds of the invention using well-known functional group transformations such as ester hydrolysis, ester formation, amide formation, and reductive alkylation, examples of which are described in the preparations. Starting materials are prepared by known methods and/or methods described in the examples below.
  • HRMS(MH + ) refers to the measured high resolution mass of the compound.
  • LCMS(MH + ); Rt (min) refers to the mass and retention time as determined by LC-Mass spectrum carried out on an Alltech Platinum C8 column (33 mm ⁇ 7 mm ID, 3 micron particle size). Elution conditions for LC/MS are as follows: Solvents: A. Water w/0.05% TFA (v/v); B. Acetonitrile w/0.05% TFA (v/v); Flow Rate: 1 mL/min Gradient Method: Time (min) % B Conc 0 10 5 95 7 95 7.5 10 9 STOP
  • Example 10 Using procedures similar to those of Example 141, including the use of a chiral N-benzyl-3-hydroxypiperidine in step 2, as well as procedures similar to Examples 51, 56, 94, 101, 117, 127, 130, and 134, the compounds in Table 10 were prepared.
  • Table 10 “EX” represents “Example”.
  • Example 221 was prepared following the procedure of Example 101, Examples 222 to 230 were prepared following the procedure of Example 141. TABLE 11 EXAM- PLE COMPOUND 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 Assay:
  • Gamma secretase activity was determined as described by Zhang et a. ( Biochemistry, 40 (16), 5049-5055, 2001). Activity is expressed either as a percent inhibition or as the concentration of compound producing 50% inhibition of enzyme activity.
  • Antibodies W02, G2-10, and G2-11 were obtained from Dr. Konrad Beyreuther (University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany). W02 recognizes residues 5-8 of A ⁇ peptide, while G2-10 and G2-11 recognize the specific C-terminal structure of A ⁇ 40 and A ⁇ 42, respectively.
  • Biotin-4G8 was purchased from Senetec (St. Louis, Mo.). All tissue culture reagents used in this work were from Life Technologies, Inc., unless otherwise specified. Pepstatin A was purchased from Roche Molecular Biochemicals; DFK167 was from Enzyme Systems Products (Livermore, Calif.).
  • SPC99-Lon which contains the first 18 residues and the C-terminal 99 amino acids of APP carrying the London mutation, has been described (Zhang, L., Song, L., and Parker, E. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 8966-8972).
  • SPC99-Ion was cloned into the pcDNA4/TO vector (Invitrogen) and transfected into 293 cells stably transfected with pcDNA6/TR, which is provided in the T-REx system (Invitrogen).
  • the transfected cells were selected in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's media (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 units/mL penicillin, 100 g/mL streptomycin, 250 g/mL zeocin, and 5 g/mL blasticidin (Invitrogen). Colonies were screened for A ⁇ production by inducing C99 expression with 0.1 g/mL tetracycline for 16-20 h and analyzing conditioned media with a sandwich immunoassay (see below). One of the clones, designated as pTRE.15, was used in these studies.
  • DMEM Dulbecco's modified Eagle's media
  • pTRE.15 was used in these studies.
  • the cells were resuspended in buffer A and lysed in a nitrogen bomb at 600 psi.
  • the cell lysate was centrifuged at 1500 g for 10 min to remove nuclei and large cell debris. The supernatant was centrifuged at 100000 g for 1 h.
  • the membrane pellet was resuspended in buffer A plus 0.5 M NaCl, and the membranes were collected by centrifugation at 200000 g for 1 h.
  • the salt-washed membrane pellet was washed again in buffer A and centrifuged at 100000 g for 1 h.
  • the final membrane pellet was resuspended in a small volume of buffer A using a Teflon-glass homogenizer. The protein concentration was determined, and membrane aliquots were flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at ⁇ 70° C.
  • ⁇ -Secretase Reaction and A ⁇ Analysis To measure ⁇ -secretase activity, membranes were incubated at 37° C. for 1 h in 50 L of buffer containing 20 mM Hepes (pH 7.0) and 2 mM EDTA. At the end of the incubation, A ⁇ 40 and A ⁇ 42 were measured using an electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based immunoassay. A ⁇ 40 was identified with antibody pairs TAG-G2-10 and biotin-W02, while A ⁇ 42 was identified with TAG-G2-11 and biotin-4G8. The ECL signal was measured using an ECL-M8 instrument (IGEN International, Inc.) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The data presented were the means of the duplicate or triplicate measurements in each experiment. The characteristics of ⁇ -secretase activity described were confirmed using more than five independent membrane preparations.
  • the compounds of Examples 1-214 had an IC 50 within the range of about 0.028 to about 69.550 ⁇ M.
  • the compounds of Examples 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 56, 62, 68, 79, 159, 161, 162, 180, 181, 182, 192, 213 and 214 had an IC 50 within the range of about 0.028 to about 0.345 ⁇ M.
  • compositions can comprise one or more of the compounds of formula I.
  • inert, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be either solid or liquid.
  • Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, dispersible granules, capsules, cachets and suppositories. The powders and tablets may be comprised of from about 5 to about 95 percent active compound.
  • Suitable solid carriers are known in the art, e.g. magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar or lactose. Tablets, powders, cachets and capsules can be used as solid dosage forms suitable for oral administration. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and methods of manufacture for various compositions may be found in A. Gennaro (ed.), Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th Edition, (1990), Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa.
  • Liquid form preparations include solutions, suspensions and emulsions. As an example may be mentioned water or water-propylene glycol solutions for parenteral injection or addition of sweeteners and opacifiers for oral solutions, suspensions and emulsions. Liquid form preparations may also include solutions for intranasal administration.
  • Aerosol preparations suitable for inhalation may include solutions and solids in powder form, which may be in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such as an inert compressed gas, e.g. nitrogen.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as an inert compressed gas, e.g. nitrogen.
  • solid form preparations which are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations for either oral or parenteral administration.
  • liquid forms include solutions, suspensions and emulsions.
  • the compounds of the invention may also be deliverable transdermally.
  • the transdermal compositions can take the form of creams, lotions, aerosols and/or emulsions and can be included in a transdermal patch of the matrix or reservoir type as are conventional in the art for this purpose.
  • the pharmaceutical preparation is in a unit dosage form.
  • the preparation is subdivided into suitably sized unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active compound, e.g., an effective amount to achieve the desired purpose.
  • the quantity of active compound in a unit dose of preparation may be varied or adjusted from about 0.01 mg to about 1000 mg, preferably from about 0.01 mg to about 750 mg, more preferably from about 0.01 mg to about 500mg, and most preferably from about 0.01 mg to about 250 mg, according to the particular application.
  • the actual dosage employed may be varied depending upon the requirements of the patient and the severity of the condition being treated. Determination of the proper dosage regimen for a particular situation is within the skill of the art. For convenience, the total daily dosage may be divided and administered in portions during the day as required.
  • a typical recommended daily dosage regimen for oral administration can range from about 0.04 mg/day to about 4000 mg/day, in one to four divided doses.

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Abstract

Novel aryl and heteroaryl sulfonamides are disclosed. The sulfonamides, which are gamma secretase inhibitors, are represented by the formula:
Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00001
wherein Ar1 and Ar2 independently represent aryl or heteroaryl and Y represents a bond or a —(C(R3)2)1-3 group. Also disclosed is a method of inhibiting gamma secretase, and a method of treating Alzheimer's disease using the compounds of formula I.

Description

  • This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/210,803, filed Aug. 1, 2002, and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/310,068 filed Aug. 3, 2001.
    • BACKGROUND
  • WO 00/50391, published Aug. 13, 2000, discloses compounds having a sulfonamide moiety that are useful for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's Disease and other diseases relating to the deposition of amyloid protein.
  • In view of the present interest in the treatment or prevention of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's Disease, a welcome contribution to the art would be compounds for use in such treatment or prevention. This invention provides such a contribution.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • This invention provides compounds that are inhibitors (e.g., antagonists) of Gamma Secretase and have the formula:
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00002
    or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein:
  • (A) Ar1 and Ar2 are independently selected from aryl or heteroaryl;
  • (B) Y is bond, or Y is a —(C(R3)2)1-3— group;
  • (C) each R1 is independently selected from:
      • (1) —(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (2) aryl;
      • (3) aryl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from: halogen, CF3, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy, OCF3, NH2, or CN;
      • (4) heteroaryl;
      • (5) heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from: halogen, CF3, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy, OCF3, NH2, or CN;
      • (6) halogen;
      • (7) —CF3;
      • (8) —OCF3;
      • (9) —CN;
      • (10) —NO2;
      • (11) —NH2;
      • (12) —C(O)NH(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (13) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein each (C1-C6)alkyl group is the same or different;
      • (14) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein each (C1-C6)alkyl group is the same or different, and said (C1-C6)alkyl groups taken together with the nitrogen to which they are bound form a ring;
      • (15) —NHC(O)(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (16) —NHC(O)O(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (17) —NHC(O)NH(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (18) —NHSO2(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (19) —OH;
      • (20) —OC(O)(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (21) —O(C1-C6)alkyl,
      • (22) —Oaryl; or
      • (23) —Oar(C1-C6)alkyl;
  • (D) each R2 is independently selected from:
      • (1) —(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (2) halogen;
      • (3) —CF3;
      • (4) —OCF3;
      • (5) —CN;
      • (6) —NO2;
      • (7) —NH2;
      • (8) —C(O)O(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (9) —C(O)NH(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (10) —N(C1-C6alkyl)2 wherein each C1-C6 alkyl substituent is the same or different;
      • (11) —N(C1-C6alkyl)2 wherein each C1-C6alkyl substituent is the same or different, and the C1-C6alkyl substituents together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound form a ring;
      • (12) —NHC(O)(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (13) —NHC(O)O(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (14) —NHC(O)NH(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (15) —NHSO2(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (16) —OH;
      • (17) —OC(O)(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (18) —O(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (19) —Oaryl;
      • (20) —Oar(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (21) aryl;
      • (22) aryl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from: halogen, CF3, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy, OCF3, NH2, or CN;
      • (23) heteroaryl;
      • (24) heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from: halogen, CF3, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy, OCF3, NH2, or CN;
      • (25) a group selected from:
        Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00003
      • (26) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein each alkyl group is independently selected; or
      • (27) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein each alkyl group is independently selected and wherein the alkyl groups taken together with the nitrogen atom form a heterocycloalkyl ring;
  • (E) each R3 is independently selected from H or —(C1-C3)alkyl;
  • (F) each R4 is independently selected from:
      • (1) —(C1-C3)alkyl;
      • (2) —OH; or
      • (3) —O(C1-C3)alkyl;
  • (G) R5 is selected from:
      • (1) hydrogen;
      • (2) —(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (3) aryl;
      • (4) heteroaryl;
      • (5) —(C1-C3)alkylene-O(C1-C3)alkyl;
      • (6) —(C1-C6)alkylene-S(O)0-2(C1-C3)alkyl;
      • (7) —(C1-C6)alkylene-S(O)0-2NH(C1-C3)alkyl;
      • (8) —C(O)(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (9) —C(O)aryl;
      • (10) —C(O)ar(C1-C3)alkyl;
      • (11) —C(O)heteroaryl;
      • (12) —C(O)heteroar(C1-C3)alkyl;
      • (13) —C(O)O(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (14) —C(O)NH(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (15) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein each C1-C6alkyl group is the same or different;
      • (16) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein each C1-C6alkyl group is the same or different and wherein the C1-C6 alkyl groups taken together with the nitrogen to which they are bound form a heterocycloalkyl ring;
      • (17) —C(O)(C1-C3)alkylene-NH(C1-C3)alkyl;
      • (18) —C(O)(C1-C3)alkylene-N((C1-C3)alkyl)2 wherein each alkyl group is independently selected;
      • (19) —SO2(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (20) —SO2NH(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (21) —SO2N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein each C1-C6 alkyl is the same or different;
      • (22) —SO2N((C1-C6) alkyl)2 wherein each C1-C6alkyl is the same or different, and wherein the C1-C6 alkyl groups taken together with the nitrogen to which they are bound form a heterocycloalkyl ring; or
      • (23) a group of the formula:
        Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00004
  • (H) R6 is —H or —(C1-C6) alkyl;
  • (I) X is selected from: CH2, O, S, SO, SO2, or N—R7;
  • (J) R7 is selected from:
      • (1) —(C1-C6) alkyl;
      • (2) —(C3-C6)cycloalkyl;
      • (3) —(C1-C3)alkylene-(C3-C6)cycloalkyl;
      • (4) aryl;
      • (5) ar(C1-C3)alkyl;
      • (6) heteroaryl;
      • (7) heteroar(C1-C3)alkyl;
      • (8) —C(O)(C1-C6) alkyl;
      • (9) —C(O)aryl;
      • (10) —C(O)ar(C1-C3)alkyl;
      • (11) —C(O)heteroaryl;
      • (12) —C(O)heteroar(C1-C3)alkyl;
      • (13) —C(O)O(C1-C6) alkyl;
      • (14) —C(O)NH(C1-C6)alkyl;
      • (15) —C(O)N((C1-C6) alkyl)2 wherein each C1-C6 alkyl group is the same or different;
      • (16) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein each C1-C6alkyl group is the same or different, and the C1-C6alkyl groups taken together with the nitrogen to which they are bound form a heterocycloalkyl ring;
      • (17) —C(O)(C1-C3)alkylene-NH(C1-C3)alkyl;
      • (18) —C(O)(C1-C3)alkylene-N((C1-C3)alkyl)2 wherein the C1-C3alkyl groups are the same or different; or
      • (19) —(C1-C3)alkylene-O—(C1-C3)alkyl;
  • (K) n and p are independently selected from 0 to 3 to form a 4 to 7 member ring;
  • (L) r is 0 to 3;
  • (M) q is 0 to 3; and
  • (N) t is 0 to 3.
  • This invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of at least one compound of formula I and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • This invention also provides a method for inhibiting gamma-secretase in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound of formula I.
  • This invention also provides a method of treating neurodegenerative diseases in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound of formula I.
  • This invention also provides a method of inhibiting the deposition of amyloid protein (e.g., beta amyloid) in, on or around neurological tissue (e.g., the brain) in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound of formula I.
  • This invention also provides a method of treating Alzheimer's disease in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound of formula I.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • As used herein the following terms have the following meanings unless otherwise defined:
  • Patient includes both humans and other mammals. “Mammal” means humans and other animals.
  • AcOEt: represents ethyl acetate;
  • AcOH: represents acetic acid;
  • alkyl: (including the alkyl portions of alkoxy, alkylamino and dialkylamino)-represents straight and branched carbon chains and contains from one to twenty carbon atoms, preferably one to six carbon atoms, said alkyl group being optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2 or 3) substituents independently selected from: halogen, —OH, —OCH3, —NH2, —NHCH3, or —N(CH3)2;
  • alkylene: represents a —(CH2)m— group wherein m is 1 to 20, generally 1 to 6 and more usually 1 to 4, said alkylene group can be optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1 to 3) substituents independently selected from: halogen, —OH, —OCH3, —NH2, —NHCH3, or —N(CH3)2;
  • ar: represents aryl as defined below;
  • aralkyl (arylalkyl): represents an aryl group, as defined below, bound to an alkyl group, as defined above, wherein said alkyl group is bound to a molecule (e.g., a compound of the claimed invention or an intermediate to a compound of the invention);
  • ar(C1-C3)alkyl: represents an arylalkyl group wherein said alkyl group has 1 to 3 carbons;
  • aryl: (including the aryl portion of aryloxy, aryloxy and aralkyl (i.e., arylalkyl)) represents a carbocyclic group containing from 6 to 15 carbon atoms and having at least one aromatic ring (e.g., phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, tetrahydronaphthyl or indanyl), with all available substitutable carbon atoms of the carbocyclic group being intended as possible points of attachment; said carbocyclic group being optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1 to 3) substituents independently selected from: halo, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, —CN, phenyl, phenoxy, —CF3, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aryl (provided that if this aryl group is optionally substituted with one or more aryl groups these latter aryl groups are not further substituted with aryl groups), aralkoxy (provided that if the aryl moiety of said aralkoxy (i.e., arylalkoxy) group is optionally substituted with one or more aryl groups these latter aryl groups are not further substituted with aryl groups), aryloxy (provided that if the aryl moiety of said aryloxy group is optionally substituted with one or more aryl groups these latter aryl groups are not further substituted with aryl groups), —S(O)0-2-aryl (provided that if the aryl moiety of said —S(O)0-2-aryl group is optionally substituted with one or more aryl groups these latter aryl groups are not further substituted with aryl groups), —COOR8 or —NO2; wherein said R8 represents H, alkyl, aryl (provided that if said aryl moiety is optionally substituted with one or more aryl containing groups these latter aryl containing groups are not further substituted with aryl containing groups), or aralkyl (e.g., benzyl) (provided that if said aryl moiety of said aralkyl group is optionally substituted with one or more aryl containing groups these latter aryl containing groups are not further substituted with aryl containing groups);
  • BOC: represents tert-butoxycarbonyl;
  • “Cycloalkyl” represents a non-aromatic ring straight or branched system comprising about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms. Preferred cycloalkyl rings contain about 3 to about 6 ring atoms. Non-limiting examples of suitable straight cycloalkyls include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like; non-limiting examples of suitable branched cycloalkyls include 2-methylcyclopropyl, 3-ethylcyclopentyl and the like;
  • “(C1-C3)alkylene-(C3-C6)cycloalkyl” represents a (C3-C6)cycloalkyl group attached through a (C1-C3)alkylene group to a main molecule. Non-limiting example of a suitable (C1-C3)alkylene-(C3-C6)cycloalkyl is:
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00005
  • —C(O)ar(C1-C3)alkyl: represents a —C(O)-aralkyl group wherein the alkyl group has 1 to 3 carbons;
  • —C(O)heteroar(C1-C3)alkyl: represents a —C(O)-heteroaralkyl group wherein the alkyl group has 1 to 3 carbons;
  • —(C(R3)2)1-3—: represents a one to three carbon alkylene group wherein each carbon is optionally substituted with the same or different (C1-C3)alkyl group;
  • DCE: represents 1,2-dichloroethane;
  • DEAD: represents diethyl azodicarboxylate;
  • DMAP: represents 4-dimethylaminopyridine;
  • DME: represents 1,2-dimethoxyethane;
  • DMF: represents N,N-dimethylformamide;
  • EDCI: represents 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride;
  • Et3N: represents triethylamine;
  • Et2O: represents diethyl ether;
  • EtOAc: represents ethyl acetate;
  • EtOH: represents ethanol;
  • FMOC: represents 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl;
  • halogen (halo): represents fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo;
  • heteroaryl: (including the heteroaryl portion of heteroarylalkyl) represents a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic group having at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1, 2 or 3) independently selected from O, S or N, said heteroatom interrupting a carbocyclic ring structure and having a sufficient number of delocalized pi electrons to provide aromatic character, with the aromatic heterocyclic groups preferably containing from 2 to 14 carbon atoms, e.g., triazolyl, imidazolyl, thienyl, furanyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzofuranyl, benzopyranyl, benzothienyl, thiazolyl, indolyl, naphthyridinyl, pyridyl (e.g., 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl) or pyridyl N-oxide (e.g., 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl N-oxide), wherein pyridyl N-oxide can be represented as:
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00006
    and with all available substitutable carbon and heteroatoms of the cyclic group being intended as possible points of attachment, said cyclic group being optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2 or 3) groups independently selected from halo, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, phenoxy, —NO2, —CF3, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, —COOR8 (wherein R8 is as defined above), or heteroaryl (provided that if this heteroaryl group, as defined above, is optionally substituted with one or more heteroaryl groups these latter heteroaryl groups are not further substituted with heteroaryl groups);
  • heteroaralkyl (heteroarylalkyl): represents a heteroaryl group, as defined above, bound to an alkyl group, as defined above, wherein said alkyl group is bound to a molecule (e.g., a compound of the claimed invention or an intermediate to a compound of the invention);
  • heteroar(C1-C3)alkyl: represents a heteroarylalkyl group wherein the alkyl group has 1 to 3 carbons;
  • HOBT: represents 1 -hydroxybenzotriazole;
  • MeOH: represents methanol;
  • —Oar(C1-C6)alkyl: represents a —O-aralkyl group wherein the alkyl group has one to six carbons;
  • Ph: represents phenyl;
  • PPh3: represents triphenylphosphine;
  • TBDMS: represents tert-butyldimethylsilyl;
  • TFA: represents trifluoroacetic acid;
  • THF: represents tetrahydrofuran; and
  • TLC: represents Thin Layer Chromatography.
  • With reference to the number of moieties (e.g., substituents, groups or rings) in a compound, unless otherwise defined, the phrases “one or more” and “at least one” mean that there can be as many moieties as chemical permitted, and the determination of the maximum number of such moieties is well within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. For example, “one or more” or “at least one” can mean 1 to 6 moieties, and generally 1 to 4 moieties, and usually 1 to 3 moieties.
  • The term “effective amount” as used in the methods and pharmaceutical compositions of this invention means a therapeutically effective amount, i.e., an amount needed to achieve the desired therapeutic effect.
  • Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the term “neurodegenerative disease” has its commonly accepted medical meaning and describes diseases and conditions resulting from abnormal function of neurons, including neuronal death and abnormal release of neurotransmitters or neurotoxic substances. In this instance it also includes all diseases resulting from abnormal levels of beta amyloid protein. Examples of such diseases include, but are not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, age-related dementia, cerebral or systemic amyloidosis, hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis, and Down's syndrome.
  • Lines drawn into the ring systems indicate that the indicated bond may be attached to any of the substitutable ring carbon atoms.
  • Certain compounds of the invention may exist in different isomeric (e.g., enantiomers and diastereoisomers) forms. The invention contemplates all such isomers both in pure form and in admixture, including racemic mixtures. Enol forms are also included.
  • The compounds of the invention can be administered as racemic mixtures or enantiomerically pure compounds.
  • Certain compounds will be acidic in nature, e.g. those compounds which possess a carboxyl or phenolic hydroxyl group. These compounds may form pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Examples of such salts may include sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminum, gold and silver salts. Also contemplated are salts formed with pharmaceutically acceptable amines such as ammonia, alkyl amines, hydroxyalkylamines, N-methylglucamine and the like.
  • Certain basic compounds also form pharmaceutically acceptable salts, e.g., acid addition salts. For example, the pyrido-nitrogen atoms may form salts with strong acid, while compounds having basic substituents such as amino groups also form salts with weaker acids. Examples of suitable acids for salt formation are hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, acetic, citric, oxalic, malonic, salicylic, malic, fumaric, succinic, ascorbic, maleic, methanesulfonic and other mineral and carboxylic acids well known to those in the art. The salts are prepared by contacting the free base form with a sufficient amount of the desired acid to produce a salt in the conventional manner. The free base forms may be regenerated by treating the salt with a suitable dilute aqueous base solution such as dilute aqueous NaOH, potassium carbonate, ammonia and sodium bicarbonate. The free base forms differ from their respective salt forms somewhat in certain physical properties, such as solubility in polar solvents, but the acid and base salts are otherwise equivalent to their respective free base forms for purposes of the invention.
  • All such acid and base salts are intended to be pharmaceutically acceptable salts within the scope of the invention and all acid and base salts are considered equivalent to the free forms of the corresponding compounds for purposes of the invention.
  • One embodiment of this invention provides compounds of formula Ia:
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00007
    wherein all substituents are as defined for the compounds of formula I.
  • Another embodiment of this invention provides compounds of formula Ib:
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00008
    wherein all substituents are as defined for the compounds of formula I.
  • For compounds of formula I (as well as for compounds of formula Ia or Ib):
      • (1) Ar1 is preferably a 1,4-arylene, most preferably phenyl;
      • (2) R1 is preferably selected from: halo, CF3, OCF3, —CN, —NO2, —NH2, —NHC(O)(C1-C6)alkyl, —NHSO2(C1-C6)alkyl, —O(C1-C6)alkyl, or substituted aryl; and most preferably selected from: halo, —CF3, —OCF3, or —O(C1-C3)alkyl; when R1 is halo, said halo is preferably chloro;
      • (3) r is preferably 1;
      • (4) t is preferably 0;
      • (5) n and p are selected so that preferably a 3-piperidine, a 4-piperidine or a 3-pyrrolidine ring is formed; most preferably a 3-piperidine ring is formed; and
      • (6) Y is preferably selected from: a bond or methylene (i.e., —CH2—).
  • For compounds of formula Ia:
      • (1) Ar2 is preferably a 1,4-arylene, most preferably phenyl;
      • (2) R2 is preferably selected from:
        • (a) —O(C1-C3)alkyl,
        • (b) —C(O)O(C1-C6)alkyl,
        • (c) —C(O)NH(C1-C6)alkyl,
        • (d) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2,
        • (e) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein the alkyl groups taken together with the nitrogen to which they are bound form a heterocycloalkyl ring,
        • (f) substituted aryl, or
        • (g) substituted heteroaryl; and most preferably:
        • (a) —C(O)O(C1-C6)alkyl, or
        • (b) substituted heteroaryl; and more preferably: 4-CO2CH3;
      • (3) q is preferably 1;
      • (4) R5 is preferably selected from:
        • (a) —(C1-C3)alkylene-(substituted)aryl,
        • (b) substituted aryl,
        • (c) —(C1-C3)alkylene-(substituted) heteroaryl,
        • (d) substituted heteroaryl,
        • (e) —C(O)(C1-C6)alkyl,
        • (f) —C(O)-ar(C1-C3)alkyl,
        • (g) —C(O)aryl,
        • (h) —C(O)-heteroar(C1-C3)alkyl,
        • (i) —C(O)heteroaryl,
        • (j) —C(O)O(C1-C6)alkyl,
        • (k) —C(O)NH(C1-C6)alkyl,
        • (l) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2,
        • (m) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein the alkyl groups taken together with the nitrogen to which they are bound form a heterocycloalkyl ring,
        • (n) —C(O)(C1-C3)alkylene-NH(C1-C3)alkyl, or
        • (o) —C(O)(C1-C3)alkylene-N((C1-C3)alkyl)2; and most preferably:
        • (a) —C(O)(C1-C6)alkyl,
        • (b) —C(O)-ar(C1-C3)alkyl,
        • (c) —C(O)-heteroar(C1-C3)alkyl, or
        • (d) —C(O)O(C1-C6)alkyl; and more preferably:
        • (a) —C(O)-ar(C1-C3)alkyl, or
        • (b) —C(O)-heteroar(C1-C3)alkyl.
  • For compounds of formula Ib:
      • (1) Ar is preferably phenyl;
      • (2) R2 is preferably selected from: —O(C1-C3)alkyl or halogen, and most preferably halogen;
      • (3) R5 is preferably selected from:
        • (a) —(C1-C3)alkylene-(substituted)aryl,
        • (b) substituted aryl,
        • (c) —(C1-C3)alkylene-(substituted)heteroaryl,
        • (d) substituted heteroaryl,
        • (e) —C(O)(C1-C6)alkyl,
        • (f) —C(O)-ar(C1-C3)alkyl,
        • (g) —C(O)aryl,
        • (h) —C(O)-heteroar(C1-C3)alkyl,
        • (i) —C(O)heteroaryl,
        • (j) —C(O)O(C1-C6)alkyl,
        • (k) —C(O)NH(C1-C6)alkyl,
        • (l) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2,
        • (m) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein the alkyl groups taken together with the nitrogen to which they are bound form a heterocycloalkyl ring,
        • (n) —C(O)(C1-C3)alkylene-NH(C1-C3)alkyl, or
        • (o) —C(O)(C1-C3)alkylene-N((C1-C3)alkyl)2; and most preferably:
        • (a) —C(O)NH(C1-C6)alkyl,
        • (b) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2, or
        • (c) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein the alkyl groups taken together with the nitrogen to which they are bound form a heterocycloalkyl ring; and more preferably:
          Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00009
          still more preferably:
          Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00010
  • wherein R6 is methyl; and even still more preferably:
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00011
    wherein R6 is methyl or hydrogen (yet still more preferably hydrogen), and R7 is —(C1-C3)alkyl, —(C1-C3)alkylene-O—(C1-C3)alkyl, —(C3-C6)cycloalkyl or —(C1-C3)alkylene-(C3-C6)cycloalkyl.
  • Representative compounds of the invention include but are not limited to the compounds of Examples 1 to 230. Preferred compounds of the invention are the compounds of Examples 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 56, 62, 79, 161, 162, 180, 181, 182, 208, 209, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219 or 220.
  • Compounds of formula I can be prepared by various methods well known to those skilled in the art. For example, compounds of formula I can be produced by processes known to those skilled in the art using either solution phase or solid phase synthesis as shown in the reaction schemes below.
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00012
  • YA represents a bond or —(C(R3)2)1-2.
  • N-Boc mono-protected diamine 1.0 is treated with an aldehyde (R2)q—YA-Ar2CHO, optionally in the presence of a dehydrating agent such as anhydrous magnesium sulfate or 4A molecular sieves. The resulting Schiff base is treated with a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride in an appropriate solvent such as methanol or ethanol, and the intermediate amine is reacted with arylsulfonyl chloride (R1)r-Ar1SO2Cl in a solvent, such as dichloromethane, and in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine, to provide sulfonamide intermediate 2.0. This sulfonamide intermediate 2.0 is treated with an acid such as TFA to remove the Boc-protecting group. The resulting amine is further functionalized to introduce the group R5 using standard methods known to those skilled in the art, such as via reductive amination with an appropriate aldehyde or ketone, nucleophilic displacement with an alkyl- or aralkyl- halide, amide formation with an acyl halide or acid, urea formation with an isocyanate or a suitable carbonyl chloride agent, or sulfonamidation to provide the expected N-aralkylsulfonamide Ia. For example Z can be a leaving group such as chloro, bromo, iodo, tosylate, mesylate, triflate, brosylate, or OH, or R5Z together may be an aldehyde, or R5 may be terminated with an —NCO moiety.
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00013
  • Reaction of arylsulfonyl halide (R1)r-Ar1SO2Z1 (where Z=F, Cl or Br) with aniline (R2)q—Ar2NH2 in a solvent, such as pyridine, provides sulfonamide 5.0 which is subjected to Mitsunobu condensation with alcohol 6.0 to afford N-arylsulfonamide 7.0. The N-benzyl protecting group in intermediate 7.0 is then removed under standard conditions, such as with 1-chloroethyl chloroformate followed by methanol, and the resulting amine is further functionalized as for the end-synthesis of Ia (Scheme 1 above) to provide the expected N-arylsulfonamide Ib.
  • Alternative routes using other protecting groups than benzyl, such as, but not limited, to Boc, Fmoc or TBDMS may be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • Certain compounds of this invention are prepared from other compounds of the invention using well-known functional group transformations such as ester hydrolysis, ester formation, amide formation, and reductive alkylation, examples of which are described in the preparations. Starting materials are prepared by known methods and/or methods described in the examples below.
  • Compounds of this invention are exemplified by the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure. Alternative mechanistic pathways and analogous structures within the scope of the invention may be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • In the following examples, “HRMS(MH+)” refers to the measured high resolution mass of the compound. “LCMS(MH+); Rt (min)” refers to the mass and retention time as determined by LC-Mass spectrum carried out on an Alltech Platinum C8 column (33 mm×7 mm ID, 3 micron particle size). Elution conditions for LC/MS are as follows: Solvents: A. Water w/0.05% TFA (v/v); B. Acetonitrile w/0.05% TFA (v/v); Flow Rate: 1 mL/min
    Gradient Method:
    Time (min) % B Conc
    0 10
    5 95
    7 95
    7.5 10
    9 STOP
    • EXAMPLE 1
  • Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00014
    Step 1
  • A mixture of 3-amino-1-N-Boc-piperidine (3.00 g; 15.0 mmol), methyl 4-formylbenzoate (2.55 g; 15.5 mmol), Celite (3 g) and molecular sieves 4 Å (4 g) in anhydrous methanol was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was treated with sodium borohydride (605 mg; 16.0 mmol) at 0° C., then stirred 3 h at room temperature. The final mixture was filtered, concentrated and the residue was taken up in 0.1 N aqueous NaOH solution and extracted with CH2Cl2. Combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, concentrated and the crude was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel (eluting Hexanes/AcOEt 1:1) to give 4.46 g (85%) of amine.
  • Step 2
  • A mixture of amine (3.00 g; 8.60 mmol) from Step 1,4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride (4.22 g; 20 mmol) and Et3N (3.50 ml; 25 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (30 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. The solution was washed with 0.1 N NaOH aqueous solution then 5% aqueous glacial citric acid solution, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated and purified on a plug of silica gel (eluting CH2Cl2/AcOEt 95:5) to afford 3.46 g (77%) of product Ia: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.01 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.77 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 7.49 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 4.43 (m, 2H), 3.85-4.05 (m, 2H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.69 (br s, 1H), 2.46 (t, 2H), 1.50-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.41 (s, 9H); LCMS (MH+) 523.1, Rt=5.56 min.
  • Using procedures similar to those of Example 1, the compounds in Table 1 were prepared. In Table 1, “EX” represents “Example”.
    TABLE 1
    LCMS(MH+);
    EX. Structure HRMS(MH+) Rt(min)
    2
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00015
         		465.1614 —
    3
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00016
         		445.2160 —
    4
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00017
         		— 461.1; 5.46
    5
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00018
         		— 449.1; 5.46
    6
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00019
         		— 511.1; 5.71
    7
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00020
         		— 557.1; 5.81
    8
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00021
         		489.2064 —
    9
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00022
         		503.2214 —
    10
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00023
         		519.2173 —
    11
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00024
         		507.1974 —
    12
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00025
         		567.1161 —
    13
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00026
         		— 615.1; 5.71
    14
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00027
         		557.1945 —
    15
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00028
         		— 545.1; 5.86
    16
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00029
         		573.1886 —
    17
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00030
         		534.1909 —
    18
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00031
         		514.2018 —
    19
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00032
         		— 581.1; 5.81
    20
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00033
         		565.2364 —
    21
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00034
         		— 541.1; 5.66
    22
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00035
         		— 491.1; 5.41
    23
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00036
         		— 486.1; 5.26
    24
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00037
         		— 486.1; 5.26
    25
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00038
         		— 462.1; 4.31
    26
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00039
         		— 479.1; 5.41
    27
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00040
         		— 529.1; 5.56
    28
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00041
         		— 545.1; 5.66
    29
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00042
         		— 518.1; 4.91
    30
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00043
         		— 519.1; 5.71
    31
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00044
         		— 530.1; 5.26
    32
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00045
         		— 491.1; 5.36
    33
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00046
         		— 506.1; 5.36
    34
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00047
         		— 519.1; 5.36
    35
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00048
         		— 521.1; 5.41
    36
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00049
         		519.2173 —
    37
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00050
         		— 537.1; 5.66
    38
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00051
         		604.0712 —
    39
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00052
         		557.1929 —
    40
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00053
         		557.1929 —
    41
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00054
         		523.1668 —
    42
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00055
         		557.1934 —
    43
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00056
         		— 521.1; 6.06
    44
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00057
         		— 521.1; 6.01
    45
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00058
         		576.2137 —
    46
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00059
         		— 507.1; 5.26
    47
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00060
         		— 523.1 5.41
    48
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00061
         		— 509.1 5.81
    49
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00062
         		— 523.1 5.91
    50
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00063
         		— 509.1; 5.31
    • EXAMPLE 51
  • Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00064
    Step 1
  • A solution of the product of Example 1 Step 2 (1.0 g; 1.91 mmol) in CH2Cl2 and TFA was stirred at room temperature for 2 h then concentrated. The residue was treated with 1 N aqueous NaOH, extracted with CH2Cl2, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated to provide 0.79 g (98%) of amine.
  • Step 2
  • A solution of amine from Step 1 (60 mg; 0.14 mmol), 4-pyridylcarboxaldehyde (42 μL; 0.42 mmol) and molecular sieves 4 Å (100 mg) in DCE (2 mL) was stirred 45 min at room temperature followed by the addition of sodium triacetoxyborohydride (90 mg; 0.42 mmol). The reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature, quenched with MeOH (0.1 ml) for 10 min, and then diluted with 1 N aqueous NaOH. The solution was extracted with CH2Cl2, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated, and subjected to preparative chromatography over silica gel (eluting CH2Cl2/AcOEt 4:6). The final product was converted to the HCl salt by treatment with HCl in ether solution to give 38.4 mg of a white solid: 1H-NMR (free base, 300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.51 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 2H), 7.99 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 7.69 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 7.30-7.45 (m, 4H), 7.10 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 2H), 4.43 (m, 2H), 3.85-4.00 (m, 1H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.33 (m, 2H), 2.64 (br d, 1H), 2.58 (br d, 1H), 1.60-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.60 (m, 3H), 1.10-1.30 (m, 1H); HRMS (MH+) 514.1563.
  • Using procedures similar to those of Example 51, compounds in Table 2 were prepared. In Table 2 “EX” represents “Example”.
    TABLE 2
    LCMS(MH+);
    EX Structure HRMS(MH+) Rt(min)
    52
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00065
         		— 361.1; 4.06
    53
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00066
         		— 349.1; 4.06
    54
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00067
         		— 423.1; 4.36
    55
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00068
         		514.1558 —
    • EXAMPLE 56
  • Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00069
  • A solution of the amine from Example 51 Step 1 (50 mg; 0.12 mmol), 4-pyridylacetic acid hydrochloride (36 mg; 0.21 mmol), EDCl (40 mg; 0.21 mmol), HOBT (30 mg; 0.22 mmol) and N-methylmorpholine (70 μl) in DMF (0.5 ml) was stirred at 45° C. overnight then concentrated. The residue was diluted in 0.1N aqueous NaOH, extracted with CH2Cl2, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated, and purified by preparative chromatography over silica gel (eluting CH2Cl2/AcOEt 4:6) to yield 31.4 mg of a foam: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.50 (br d, 1H), 8.41 (s, 1H), 7.90-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.70-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.60 (m, 5H), 7.23 (m, 1H), 4.24 and 4.72 (m, 1H), 4.35-4.55 (m, 2H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.50-3.90 (m, 4H), 2.57 and 2.71 (br t, 1H), 2.17 and 2.38 (br t, 1H), 1.20-1.75 (m, 4H); HRMS (MH+) 542.1505.
  • Using procedures similar to Example 56, the compounds in Table 3 were prepared. In Table 3 “EX” represents “Example”.
    TABLE 3
    EX Structure HRMS(MH+) LCMS(MH+); Rt(min)
    57
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00070
         		— 407.1; 4.96
    58
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00071
         		— 465.1; 4.96
    59
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00072
         		— 607.1; 5.51
    60
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00073
         		— 541.1; 5.21
    61
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00074
         		— 557.1; 5.16
    62
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00075
         		— 541.1; 5.21
    63
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00076
         		— 521.1; 5.31
    64
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00077
         		— 491.1; 5.06
    65
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00078
         		528.1354 —
    66
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00079
         		528.1357 —
    67
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00080
         		— 461.1; 4.86
    68
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00081
         		— 489.1; 5.16
    69
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00082
         		— 503.1; 5.26
    70
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00083
         		— 517.1; 5.36
    71
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00084
         		— 501.1; 5.26
    72
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00085
         		— 515.1; 5.41
    73
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00086
         		— 529.1; 5.51
    74
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00087
         		487.1894 —
    75
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00088
         		499.1518 —
    76
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00089
         		541.1991 —
    77
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00090
         		527.1825 —
    78
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00091
         		541.1991 —
    79
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00092
         		611.1634 —
    80
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00093
         		576.1786 —
    81
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00094
         		576.1786 —
    82
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00095
         		529.1619 —
    83
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00096
         		555.2150 —
    84
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00097
         		545.1405 —
    85
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00098
         		615.2130 —
    86
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00099
         		— 581.1; 5.86
    87
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00100
         		539.1836 —
    88
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00101
         		659.1273 —
    89
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00102
         		590.1941 —
    90
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00103
         		591.1899 —
    91
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00104
         		607.2195 —
    92
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00105
         		581.1399 —
    93
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00106
         		625.1643 —
    • EXAMPLE 94
  • Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00107
  • A solution of the amine from Example 51 Step 1 (50 mg; 0.12 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (0.5 ml) was treated with methyl chloroformate (12 □l; 0.15 mmol) and triethylamine (24 mg; 0.24 mmol) and stirred and room temperature overnight. The reaction was diluted with 0.1 N aqueous NaOH, extracted with CH2Cl2, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated, and purified by preparative chromatography over silica gel (eluting CH2Cl2/AcOEt 95:5) to yield 31.4 mg of a foam: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) □8.01 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.80 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 7.51 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 7.44 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.45 (m, 2H), 3.65-4.05 (m, 3H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 2.46 (br t, 2H), 1.50-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.35-1.45 (m, 2H); LCMS (MH+) 481.1 Rt=5.11 min.
  • Using procedures similar to those of Example 94, the compounds in Table 4 were prepared. In Table 4 “EX” represents “Example”.
    TABLE 4
    EX Structure HRMS(MH+) LCMS(MH+); Rt(min)
    95
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00108
         		523.1678 —
    96
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00109
         		— 519.1; 5.66
    97
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00110
         		— 491.1; 5.31
    98
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00111
         		529.1619 —
    99
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00112
         		557.1929 —
    100 
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00113
         		— 481.1; 5.26
    • EXAMPLE 101
  • Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00114
  • The experimental procedure described in Example 94 was applied on the amine from Example 51 Step 1 (50 mg; 0.12 mmol) but using 1-pyrrolidinecarbonyl chloride (18 μl; 0.15 mmol) instead of methylchloroformate, to give 25.7 mg of an oil, after preparative chromatography over silica gel (eluting CH2Cl2/AcOEt 9:1): 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.99 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.77 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 7.45-7.65 (m, 2H), 4.47 (m, 2H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.79 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.23 (m, 4H), 2.30-2.50 (m, 2H), 1.55-1.85 (m, 6H), 1.35-1.50 (m, 2H); HRMS (MH+) 520.1682.
  • Using procedures similar to those of Example 101, the compounds in Table 5 were prepared. In Table 5 “EX” represents “Example”.
    TABLE 5
    EX Structure HRMS(MH+) LCMS(MH+); Rt(min)
    102
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00115
         		— 594.1; 5.46
    103
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00116
         		— 536.1; 4.91
    104
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00117
         		— 508.1; 5.01
    105
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00118
         		— 574.1; 4.21
    106
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00119
         		570.1884 —
    107
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00120
         		528.1781 —
    108
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00121
         		542.1939 —
    109
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00122
         		542.1939 —
    110
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00123
         		556.2098 —
    111
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00124
         		586.1844 —
    112
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00125
         		628.2300 —
    113
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00126
         		600.1985 —
    114
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00127
         		— 506.1; 5.16
    115
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00128
         		— 538.1; 5.41
    116
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00129
         		— 570.1; 4.91
    • EXAMPLE 117
  • Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00130
  • The experimental procedure described in Example 94 was applied on the amine from Example 51 Step 1 (50 mg; 0.12 mmol) but using n-propylsulfonyl chloride (30 μl) instead of methylchloroformate, to give 15.3 mg of an oil, after preparative chromatography over silica gel (eluting CH2Cl2/AcOEt 95:5): 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.01 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.80 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 7.51 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.46 (m, 2H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.80 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.70 (m, 2H), 2.75 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.60 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.80 (m, 3H), 1.40-1.65 (m, 3H); 1.00 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H); HRMS (MH+) 529.1227.
  • Using procedures similar to Example 117, the compounds in Table 6 were prepared. In Table 6 “EX” represents “Example”.
    TABLE 6
    EX Structure HRMS(MH+) LCMS(MH+); Rt (min)
    118
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00131
         		— 597.1; 5.61
    119
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00132
         		501.0926 —
    120
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00133
         		— 515.1; 5.01
    121
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00134
         		— 525.1; 5.26
    122
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00135
         		535.1183 —
    123
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00136
         		549.1342 —
    124
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00137
         		563.1495 —
    125
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00138
         		563.1495 —
    126
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00139
         		597.1102 —
    • EXAMPLE 127
  • Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00140
    Step 1
  • To a solution of amine from Example 51 Step 1 (300 mg; 0.71 mmol) and potassium carbonate (290 mg; 2.1 mmol) in CH2Cl2 was added bromoacetyl chloride (71 μl; 0.85 mmol) and the solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was washed with 0.1 N aqueous NaOH, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated, and purified on a plug of silica gel (eluting CH2Cl2/AcOEt 9:1) to yield 281 mg (73%) of bromoacetamide.
  • Step 2
  • A solution of bromoacetamide (60 mg) from Step 1 and thiomorpholine (100 μl) was stirred in DCE at 40° C. overnight then concentrated. The residue was diluted in 0.1 N aqueous NaOH, extracted with CH2Cl2, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated, and purified by preparative chromatography over silica gel (eluting CH2Cl2/AcOEt 4:6) to yield 13.3 mg of an oil: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.95-8.10 (m, 2H), 7.70-7.85 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.55 (m, 4H), 4.25 and 4.72 (m, 1H), 4.30-4.50 (m, 2H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.85-4.03 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.90 (m, 2H), 2.95-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.80 (m, 10H), 1.25-1.80 (m, 4H); LRMS (MH+) 566.1; Rt=4.41 min.
  • Using procedures similar to those of Example 127, the compounds in Table 7 were prepared. In Table 7 “EX” represents “Example”.
    TABLE 7
    EX Structure HRMS(MH+) LCMS(MH+); Rt (min)
    128
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00141
         		543.0334 —
    129
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00142
         		534.1821 —
    • EXAMPLE 130
  • Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00143
    Step 1
  • A solution of methyl ester prepared as in Example 1 (5.0 g; 9.6 mmol) was treated with 1 N aqueous NaOH (20 ml) in EtOH (40 ml). The reaction was stirred at 50° C. for 2 h, EtOH was evaporated and the mixture was acidified with 5% aqueous glacial citric acid and extracted with CH2Cl2 and AcOEt. Combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to give 5.0 g of acid.
  • Step 2
  • A solution of acid (60 mg; 0.12 mmol), ethanol (35 μL; 0.6 mmol)), EDCl 935 mg; 0.18 mmol) and DMAP (5 mg) in CH2Cl2 was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was concentrated and directly purified by preparative chromatography over silica gel (eluting Hexanes/AcOEt 1:1) to yield 45.3 mg of an oil: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.00 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.77 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.97 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.30-4.55 (m, 2H), 4.37 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.85-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.65 (br s, 1H), 2.25-2.50 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.50 (m, 5H), 1.39 (s, 9H); HRMS (MH+) 533.2330.
  • Using procedures similar to those of Example 130, the compounds in Table 8 were prepared. In Table 8 “EX” represents “Example”.
    TABLE 8
    EX Structure HRMS(MH+) LCMS(MH+); Rt (min)
    131
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00144
         		547.2470 —
    132
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00145
         		561.2628 —
    133
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00146
         		505.2009 —
    • EXAMPLE 134
  • Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00147
  • A solution of the acid from Example 130 Step 1 (50 mg; 0.10 mmol), 2-methyl-pyrrolidine (14 □l; 0.13 mmol), PS-Carbodiimide (Argonaut Technologies) resin (0.35 g; 0.85 mmol/g loading) and HOBT (20 mg; 0.15 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (2 ml) was shaken overnight. The slurry was treated with an excess of PS-trisamine (Argonaut Technologies) and N-Methylisatoic anhydride polystyrene (NovaBiochem) in equal proportion, diluted with CH2Cl2 and shaken another 3 h. Filtration and concentration of the solvent provided 27 mg of an oil: LRMS (MH+) 572.1.
  • Using procedures similar to those of Example 134, the compounds in Table 9 were prepared. In Table 9 “EX” represents “Example”.
    TABLE 9
    EX Structure HRMS(MH+) LCMS(MH+); Rt (min)
    135
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00148
         		— 620.1; 5.56
    136
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00149
         		— 574.1; 4.91
    137
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00150
         		— 595.1; 5.21
    138
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00151
         		542.1939 —
    139
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00152
         		— 556.1; 5.26
    • EXAMPLE 140
  • Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00153
  • To a solution of the product of Example 139 (100 mg; 0.18 mmol), PPh3 (71 mg; 0.27 mmol) and trimethylsilyl azide (36 μl; 0.27 mmol) in THF (20 ml) was added DEAD (43 μl; 0.27 mmol) and the reaction was stirred 2 days at room temperature. The solution was diluted with brine, extracted with CH2Cl2, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated, and purified by preparative chromatography over silica gel (eluting CH2Cl2/AcOEt 7:3) to afford 7.7 mg of an oil: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) □ 8.00 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.81 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.75 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.60 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 4.52 (m, 2H), 4.20 (s, 3H), 3.90-4.05 (m, 2H), 3.78 (br s, 1H), 2.30-2.55 (m, 2H), 1.35-1.75 (m, 4H), 1.42 (s, 9H); HRMS (MH+) 581.2169.
    • EXAMPLE 141
  • Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00154
    Step 1
  • To a solution of 2,5-difluoroaniline (2.58 g; 20 mmol) in pyridine (100 ml) was added 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride (4.22 g; 20 mmol) and the mixture was stirred 16 h at room temperature then 2 h at 45° C. The final reaction was concentrated, diluted in CH2Cl2, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated and the crude was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel (eluting Hexanes/CH2Cl2/AcOEt 70:10:2) to give 4.94 g (81%) of sulfonamide.
  • Step 2
  • To a solution of sulfonamide from Step 1 (7.59 g; 25 mmol), N-benzyl-3-hydroxypiperidine (m=n=0; p=2; 6.70 g; 35 mmol) and PPh3 (9.18 g; 35 mmol) in THF at 0° C. was added DEAD (5.60 ml; 35 mmol) and the reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature overnight. The final solution was treated with diluted NaOH aqueous solution, extracted with CH2Cl2, and dried over Na2SO4. After concentration of the solvents, the crude was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel (eluting CH2Cl2/AcOEt 95:5 to 9:1) to afford 10.53 g (88%) of N-arylsulfonamide.
  • Step 3
  • A solution of N-arylsulfonamide from Step 2 (10.53 g; 22.1 mmol) in CH2Cl2 at 0° C. was treated with 1-chloroethyl chloroformate (26.5 mmol) then stirred 8 h at room temperature. The crude obtained after concentration of the solvent was diluted in anhydrous methanol and refluxed overnight. The final reaction mixture was concentrated, taken in 1 N NaOH aqueous solution, extracted with CH2Cl2, and dried over Na2SO4. After concentration of the solvent, the crude was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel (eluting CH2Cl2/MeOH 9:1 to CH2Cl2/MeOH/NH4OH 90:10:0.5) to yield 5.07 g (60%) of amine.
  • Step 4
  • To a solution of amine from Step 3 (50 mg; 0.13 mmol) in THF at 0° C. was added triphosgene (13 mg; 0.05 mmol) then Et3N (27 μl; 0.20 mmol) and the reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The intermediate carbonyl chloride solution was treated with an excess of morpholine for 12 h, diluted with 1 N NaOH aqueous solution, extracted with CH2Cl2, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated. Purification of the crude by preparative chromatography over silica gel afforded 31.1 mg of the title compound: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) □ 7.54 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.85-7.15 (m, 3H), 4.08 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.85 (m, 4H), 3.10-3.35 (m, 4H), 2.90-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.09 (m, 1H), 1.65-2.00 (m, 3H), 1.39 (m, 2H); HRMS (M+H+) 500.1219.
  • Using procedures similar to those of Example 141, including the use of a chiral N-benzyl-3-hydroxypiperidine in step 2, as well as procedures similar to Examples 51, 56, 94, 101, 117, 127, 130, and 134, the compounds in Table 10 were prepared. In Table 10 “EX” represents “Example”.
    TABLE 10
    EX Structure HRMS(MH+) LCMS(MH+); Rt (min)
    142
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00155
         		— 477.1; 4.71
    143
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00156
         		— 487.1; 5.46
    144
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00157
         		— 493.1; 5.36
    145
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00158
         		— 457.1; 5.31
    146
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00159
         		465.0528 —
    147
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00160
         		479.0681 —
    148
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00161
         		— 478.1; 3.76
    149
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00162
         		— 536.1; 5.31
    150
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00163
         		— 487.1; 5.71
    151
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00164
         		— 484.1; 5.31
    152
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00165
         		— 478.1; 4.01
    153
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00166
         		492.0957 —
    154
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00167
         		492.0957 —
    155
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00168
         		506.1110 —
    156
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00169
         		506.1125 —
    157
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00170
         		538.1493 —
    158
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00171
         		599.1900 —
    159
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00172
         		570.1633 —
    160
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00173
         		486.1425 —
    161
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00174
         		528.1520 —
    162
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00175
         		512.1589 —
    163
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00176
         		512.1589 —
    164
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00177
         		512.1589 —
    165
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00178
         		602.1697 —
    166
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00179
         		498.1423 —
    167
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00180
         		514.1384 —
    168
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00181
         		552.1905 —
    169
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00182
         		562.1737 —
    170
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00183
         		528.1531 —
    171
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00184
         		540.1895 —
    172
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00185
         		486.1424 —
    173
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00186
         		514.1389 —
    174
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00187
         		534.1435 —
    175
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00188
         		546.1422 —
    176
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00189
         		613.2060 —
    177
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00190
         		474.1073 —
    178
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00191
         		546.1427 —
    179
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00192
         		541.1848 —
    180
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00193
         		513.1544 —
    181
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00194
         		587.1911 —
    182
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00195
         		543.1638 —
    183
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00196
         		549.1531 —
    184
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00197
         		— 549.1; 4.56
    185
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00198
         		473.1117 —
    186
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00199
         		487.1276 —
    187
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00200
         		519.0987 —
    188
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00201
         		473.1117 —
    189
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00202
         		542.1702 —
    190
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00203
         		528.1545 —
    191
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00204
         		514.1374 —
    192
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00205
         		528.1540 —
    193
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00206
         		— 536.1; 5.11
    194
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00207
         		— 540.1; 5.26
    195
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00208
         		— 541.1; 5.61
    196
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00209
         		— 507.1; 5.41
    197
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00210
         		— 478.1; 4.21
    198
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00211
         		— 575.1; 5.31
    199
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00212
         		— 535.1; 5.16
    200
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00213
         		— 429.1; 4.76
    201
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00214
         		— 473.1; 5.61
    202
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00215
         		— 445.1; 5.21
    203
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00216
         		— 420.1; 5.71
    204
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00217
         		— 534.1; 5.96
    205
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00218
         		544.1488
    206
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00219
         		542.1684
    207
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00220
         		499.1388
    208
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00221
         		533.1855
    209
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00222
         		541.1856
    210
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00223
         		557.1811
    211
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00224
         		599.1894
    212
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00225
         		613.2078
    213
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00226
         		555.2004
    214
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00227
         		613.2054
    215
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00228
         		553.1861
    216
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00229
         		541.1846
    217
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00230
         		567.2012
    218
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00231
         		527.1702
    219
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00232
         		555.1998
    220
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00233
         		541.1842
  • In Table 11 below, Example 221 was prepared following the procedure of Example 101, Examples 222 to 230 were prepared following the procedure of Example 141.
    TABLE 11
    EXAM-
    PLE COMPOUND
    221
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00234
    222
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00235
    223
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00236
    224
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00237
    225
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00238
    226
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00239
    227
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00240
    228
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00241
    229
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00242
    230
    Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00243

    Assay:
  • Gamma secretase activity was determined as described by Zhang et a. (Biochemistry, 40 (16), 5049-5055, 2001). Activity is expressed either as a percent inhibition or as the concentration of compound producing 50% inhibition of enzyme activity.
  • Reagents. Antibodies W02, G2-10, and G2-11 were obtained from Dr. Konrad Beyreuther (University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany). W02 recognizes residues 5-8 of Aβ peptide, while G2-10 and G2-11 recognize the specific C-terminal structure of Aβ 40 and Aβ 42, respectively. Biotin-4G8 was purchased from Senetec (St. Louis, Mo.). All tissue culture reagents used in this work were from Life Technologies, Inc., unless otherwise specified. Pepstatin A was purchased from Roche Molecular Biochemicals; DFK167 was from Enzyme Systems Products (Livermore, Calif.).
  • cDNA Constructs, Tissue Culture, and Cell Line Construction. The construct SPC99-Lon, which contains the first 18 residues and the C-terminal 99 amino acids of APP carrying the London mutation, has been described (Zhang, L., Song, L., and Parker, E. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 8966-8972). Upon insertion into the membrane, the 17 amino acid signal peptide is processed, leaving an additional leucine at the N-terminus of Aβ. SPC99-Ion was cloned into the pcDNA4/TO vector (Invitrogen) and transfected into 293 cells stably transfected with pcDNA6/TR, which is provided in the T-REx system (Invitrogen). The transfected cells were selected in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's media (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 units/mL penicillin, 100 g/mL streptomycin, 250 g/mL zeocin, and 5 g/mL blasticidin (Invitrogen). Colonies were screened for Aβ production by inducing C99 expression with 0.1 g/mL tetracycline for 16-20 h and analyzing conditioned media with a sandwich immunoassay (see below). One of the clones, designated as pTRE.15, was used in these studies.
  • Membrane Preparation. C99 expression in cells was induced with 0.1 g/mL tetracycline for 20 h. The cells were pretreated with 1 M phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and 1 M brefeldin A (BFA) for 5-6 h at 37 C before harvesting. The cells were washed 3 times with cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and harvested in buffer A containing 20 mM Hepes (pH 7.5), 250 mM sucrose, 50 mM KCl, 2 mM EDTA, 2 mM EGTA, and Complete protease inhibitor tablets (Roche Molecular Biochemicals). The cell pellets were flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −70° C. before use.
  • To make membranes, the cells were resuspended in buffer A and lysed in a nitrogen bomb at 600 psi. The cell lysate was centrifuged at 1500 g for 10 min to remove nuclei and large cell debris. The supernatant was centrifuged at 100000 g for 1 h. The membrane pellet was resuspended in buffer A plus 0.5 M NaCl, and the membranes were collected by centrifugation at 200000 g for 1 h. The salt-washed membrane pellet was washed again in buffer A and centrifuged at 100000 g for 1 h. The final membrane pellet was resuspended in a small volume of buffer A using a Teflon-glass homogenizer. The protein concentration was determined, and membrane aliquots were flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −70° C.
  • γ-Secretase Reaction and Aβ Analysis. To measure γ-secretase activity, membranes were incubated at 37° C. for 1 h in 50 L of buffer containing 20 mM Hepes (pH 7.0) and 2 mM EDTA. At the end of the incubation, Aβ 40 and Aβ 42 were measured using an electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based immunoassay. Aβ 40 was identified with antibody pairs TAG-G2-10 and biotin-W02, while Aβ 42 was identified with TAG-G2-11 and biotin-4G8. The ECL signal was measured using an ECL-M8 instrument (IGEN International, Inc.) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The data presented were the means of the duplicate or triplicate measurements in each experiment. The characteristics of γ-secretase activity described were confirmed using more than five independent membrane preparations.
  • The compounds of Examples 1-214 had an IC50 within the range of about 0.028 to about 69.550 μM. The compounds of Examples 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 56, 62, 68, 79, 159, 161, 162, 180, 181, 182, 192, 213 and 214 had an IC50 within the range of about 0.028 to about 0.345 μM.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions can comprise one or more of the compounds of formula I. For preparing pharmaceutical compositions from the compounds described by this invention, inert, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be either solid or liquid. Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, dispersible granules, capsules, cachets and suppositories. The powders and tablets may be comprised of from about 5 to about 95 percent active compound. Suitable solid carriers are known in the art, e.g. magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar or lactose. Tablets, powders, cachets and capsules can be used as solid dosage forms suitable for oral administration. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and methods of manufacture for various compositions may be found in A. Gennaro (ed.), Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th Edition, (1990), Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa.
  • Liquid form preparations include solutions, suspensions and emulsions. As an example may be mentioned water or water-propylene glycol solutions for parenteral injection or addition of sweeteners and opacifiers for oral solutions, suspensions and emulsions. Liquid form preparations may also include solutions for intranasal administration.
  • Aerosol preparations suitable for inhalation may include solutions and solids in powder form, which may be in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such as an inert compressed gas, e.g. nitrogen.
  • Also included are solid form preparations which are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations for either oral or parenteral administration. Such liquid forms include solutions, suspensions and emulsions.
  • The compounds of the invention may also be deliverable transdermally. The transdermal compositions can take the form of creams, lotions, aerosols and/or emulsions and can be included in a transdermal patch of the matrix or reservoir type as are conventional in the art for this purpose.
  • Preferably, the pharmaceutical preparation is in a unit dosage form. In such form, the preparation is subdivided into suitably sized unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active compound, e.g., an effective amount to achieve the desired purpose.
  • The quantity of active compound in a unit dose of preparation may be varied or adjusted from about 0.01 mg to about 1000 mg, preferably from about 0.01 mg to about 750 mg, more preferably from about 0.01 mg to about 500mg, and most preferably from about 0.01 mg to about 250 mg, according to the particular application.
  • The actual dosage employed may be varied depending upon the requirements of the patient and the severity of the condition being treated. Determination of the proper dosage regimen for a particular situation is within the skill of the art. For convenience, the total daily dosage may be divided and administered in portions during the day as required.
  • The amount and frequency of administration of the compounds of the invention and/or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof will be regulated according to the judgment of the attending clinician considering such factors as age, condition and size of the patient as well as severity of the symptoms being treated. A typical recommended daily dosage regimen for oral administration can range from about 0.04 mg/day to about 4000 mg/day, in one to four divided doses.
  • While the present invention has been described in conjunction with the specific embodiments set forth above, many alternatives, modifications and variations thereof will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. All such alternatives, modifications and variations are intended to fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (24)

1. A compound of the formula:
Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00244
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein:
(A) Ar1 and Ar2 are independently selected from aryl or heteroaryl;
(B) Y is bond, or Y is a —(C(R3)2)1-3— group;
(C) each R1 is independently selected from:
(1) —(C1-C6)alkyl;
(2) aryl;
(3) aryl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from: halogen, CF3, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy, OCF3, NH2, or CN;
(4) heteroaryl;
(5) heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from: halogen, CF3, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy, OCF3, NH2, or CN;
(6) halogen;
(7) —CF3;
(8) —OCF3;
(9) —CN;
(10) —NO2;
(11) —NH2;
(12) —C(O)NH(C1-C6)alkyl;
(13) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein each (C1-C6)alkyl group is the same or different;
(14) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein each (C1-C6)alkyl group is the same or different, and said (C1-C6)alkyl groups taken together with the nitrogen to which they are bound form a ring;
(15) —NHC(O)(C1-C6)alkyl;
(16) —NHC(O)O(C1-C6)alkyl;
(17) —NHC(O)NH(C1-C6)alkyl;
(18) —NHSO2(C1-C6)alkyl;
(19) —OH;
(20) —OC(O)(C1-C6)alkyl;
(21) —O(C1-C6)alkyl,
(22) —Oaryl; or
(23) —Oar(C1-C6)alkyl;
(D) each R2 is independently selected from:
(1) —(C1-C6)alkyl;
(2) halogen;
(3) —CF3;
(4) —OCF3;
(5) —CN;
(6) —NO2;
(7) —NH2;
(8) —C(O)O(C1-C6)alkyl;
(9) —C(O)NH(C1-C6)alkyl;
(10) —N(C1-C6alkyl)2 wherein each C1-C6alkyl substituent is the same or different;
(11) —N(C1-C6alkyl)2 wherein each C1-C6alkyl substituent is the same or different, and the C1-C6alkyl substituents together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound form a ring;
(12) —NHC(O)(C1-C6)alkyl;
(13) —NHC(O)O(C1-C6)alkyl;
(14) —NHC(O)NH(C1-C6)alkyl;
(15) —NHSO2(C1-C6)alkyl;
(16) —OH;
(17) —OC(O)(C1-C6)alkyl;
(18) —O(C1-C6)alkyl;
(19) —Oaryl;
(20) —Oar(C1-C6)alkyl;
(21) -aryl;
(22) -aryl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from: halogen, CF3, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy, OCF3, NH2, or CN;
(23) -heteroaryl;
(24) -heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from: halogen, CF3, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy, OCF3, NH2, or CN;
(25) -a group selected from:
Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00245
(26) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein each alkyl group is independently selected; or
(27) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein each alkyl group is independently selected and wherein the alkyl groups taken together with the nitrogen atom form a heterocycloalkyl ring;
(E) each R3 is independently selected from H or —(C1-C3)alkyl;
(F) each R4 is independently selected from:
(1) —(C1-C3)alkyl;
(2) —OH; or
(3) —O(C1-C3)alkyl;
(G) R5 is selected from:
(1) hydrogen;
(2) —(C1-C6)alkyl;
(3) -aryl;
(4) -heteroaryl;
(5) —(C1-C3)alkylene-O(C1-C3)alkyl;
(6) —(C1-C6)alkylene-S(O)0-2(C1-C3)alkyl;
(7) —(C1-C6)alkylene-S(O)0-2NH(C1-C3)alkyl;
(8) —C(O)(C1-C6)alkyl;
(9) —C(O)aryl;
(10) —C(O)ar(C1-C3)alkyl;
(11) —C(O)heteroaryl;
(12) —C(O)heteroar(C1-C3)alkyl;
(13) —C(O)O(C1-C6)alkyl;
(14) —C(O)NH(C1-C6)alkyl;
(15) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein each C1-C6alkyl group is the same or different;
(16) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein each C1-C6alkyl group is the same or different and wherein the C1-C6 alkyl groups taken together with the nitrogen to which they are bound form a heterocycloalkyl ring;
(17) —C(O)(C1-C3)alkylene-NH(C1-C3)alkyl;
(18) —C(O)(C1-C3)alkylene-N((C1-C3)alkyl)2 wherein each alkyl group is independently selected;
(19) —SO2(C1-C6)alkyl;
(20) —SO2NH(C1-C6)alkyl;
(21) —SO2N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein each C1-C6alkyl is the same or different;
(22) —SO2N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein each C1-C6alkyl is the same or different, and wherein the C1-C6 alkyl groups taken together with the nitrogen to which they are bound form a heterocycloalkyl ring; or
(23) a group of the formula:
Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00246
(H) R6 is —H or —(C1-C6) alkyl;
(I) X is selected from: CH2, O, S, SO, SO2, or N—R7;
(J) R7 is selected from:
(1) —(C1-C6)alkyl;
(2) —(C3-C6)cycloalkyl;
(3) —(C1-C3)alkylene-(C3-C6)cycloalkyl;
(4) -aryl;
(5) -ar(C1-C3)alkyl;
(6) -heteroaryl;
(7) -heteroar(C1-C3)alkyl;
(8) —C(O)(C1-C6)alkyl;
(9) —C(O)aryl;
(10) —C(O)ar(C1-C3)alkyl;
(11) —C(O)heteroaryl;
(12) —C(O)heteroar(C1-C3)alkyl;
(13) —C(O)O(C1-C6)alkyl;
(14) —C(O)NH(C1-C6)alkyl;
(15) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein each C1-C6alkyl group is the same or different;
(16) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein each C1-C6alkyl group is the same or different, and the C1-C6alkyl groups taken together with the nitrogen to which they are bound form a heterocycloalkyl ring;
(17) —C(O)(C1-C3)alkylene-NH(C1-C3)alkyl;
(18) —C(O)(C1-C3)alkylene-N((C1-C3)alkyl)2 wherein the C1-C3alkyl groups are the same or different; or
(19) —(C1-C3)alkylene-O—(C1-C3)alkyl;
(K) n and p are independently selected from 0 to 3 to form a 4 to 7 member ring;
(L) r is 0 to 3;
(M) q is 0 to 3; and
(N) t is 0 to 3.
2. The compound of claim 1 having the formula:
Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00247
3. The compound of claim 1 having the formula:
Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00248
4. The compound of claim 1 wherein:
(1) Ar1 is a 1,4-arylene;
(2) R1 is selected from: halo, CF3, OCF3, —CN, —NO2, —NH2, —NHC(O)(C1-C6)alkyl, —NHSO2(C1-C6)alkyl, —O(C1-C6)alkyl, or substituted aryl;
(3) r is 1;
(4) t is 0;
(5) n and p are selected so that a 3-piperidine, a 4-piperidine or a 3-pyrrolidine ring is formed; and
(6) Y is selected from: a bond or methylene.
5. The compound of claim 4 wherein:
(1) Ar1 is phenyl;
(2) R1 is halo, —CF3, —OCF3, or —O(C1-C3)alkyl; and
(3) n and p are selected so that a 3-piperidine ring is formed.
6. The compound of claim 5 wherein when R1 is halo said halo is chloro.
7. The compound of claim 2 wherein:
(1) Ar1 is a 1,4-arylene;
(2) R1 is selected from: halo, CF3, OCF3, —CN, —NO2, —NH2, —NHC(O)(C1-C6)alkyl, —NHSO2(C1-C6)alkyl, —O(C1-C6)alkyl, or substituted aryl;
(3) r is 1;
(4) t is 0;
(5) n and p are selected so that a 3-piperidine, a 4-piperidine or a 3-pyrrolidine ring is formed;
(6) Ar2 is a 1,4-arylene;
(7) R2 is selected from:
(a) —O(C1-C3)alkyl,
(b) —C(O)O(C1-C6)alkyl,
(c) —C(O)NH(C1-C6)alkyl,
(d) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2,
(e) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein the alkyl groups taken together with the nitrogen to which they are bound form a heterocycloalkyl ring,
(f) substituted aryl,
(g) substituted heteroaryl;
(8) q is 1;
(9) R5 is selected from:
(a) —(C1-C3)alkylene-(substituted)aryl,
(b) substituted aryl,
(c) —(C1-C3)alkylene-(substituted)heteroaryl,
(d) substituted heteroaryl,
(e) —C(O)(C1-C6)alkyl,
(f) —C(O)-ar(C1-C3)alkyl,
(g) —C(O)aryl,
(h) —C(O)-heteroar(C1-C3)alkyl,
(i) —C(O)heteroaryl,
(j) —C(O)O(C1-C6)alkyl,
(k) —C(O)NH(C1-C6)alkyl,
(l) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2,
(m) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein the alkyl groups taken together with the nitrogen to which they are bound form a heterocycloalkyl ring,
(n) —C(O)(C1-C3)alkylene-NH(C1-C3)alkyl, or
(o) —C(O)(C1-C3)alkylene-N((C1-C3)alkyl)2.
8. The compound of claim 7 wherein:
(1) Ar1 is phenyl;
(2) R1 is selected from: halo, —CF3, —OCF3, or —O(C1-C3)alkyl;
(3) n and p are selected so that a 3-piperidine ring is formed;
(4) Ar2 is phenyl;
(5) R2 is selected from:
(a) —C(O)O(C1-C6)alkyl, or
(b) substituted heteroaryl;
(4) R5 is selected from:
(a) —C(O)(C1-C6)alkyl,
(b) —C(O)-ar(C1-C3)alkyl,
(c) —C(O)-heteroar(C1-C3)alkyl, or
(d) —C(O)O(C1-C6)alkyl;
9. The compound of claim 8 wherein: R2 is 4-CO2CH3; and R5 is selected from: (a) —C(O)-ar(C1-C3)alkyl, or (b) —C(O)-heteroar(C1-C3)alkyl.
10. The compound of claim 9 wherein when R1 is halo said halo is chloro.
11. The compound of claim 3 wherein:
(1) Ar1 is a 1,4-arylene;
(2) R1 is selected from: halo, CF3, OCF3, —CN, —NO2, —NH2, —NHC(O)(C1-C6)alkyl, —NHSO2(C1-C6)alkyl, —O(C1-C6)alkyl, or substituted aryl;
(3) r is 1;
(4) t is 0;
(5) n and p are selected so that a 3-piperidine, a 4-piperidine or a 3-pyrrolidine ring is formed;
(6) Ar2 is phenyl;
(2) R2 is selected from: —O(C1-C3)alkyl or halogen; and
(3) R5 is selected from:
(a) —(C1-C3)alkylene-(substituted)aryl,
(b) substituted aryl,
(c) —(C1-C3)alkylene-(substituted)heteroaryl,
(d) substituted heteroaryl,
(e) —C(O)(C1-C6)alkyl,
(f) —C(O)-ar(C1-C3)alkyl,
(g) —C(O)aryl,
(h) —C(O)-heteroar(C1-C3)alkyl,
(i) —C(O)heteroaryl,
(j) —C(O)O(C1-C6)alkyl,
(k) —C(O)NH(C1-C6)alkyl,
(l) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2,
(m) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein the alkyl groups taken together with the nitrogen to which they are bound form a heterocycloalkyl ring,
(n) —C(O)(C1-C3)alkylene-NH(C1-C3)alkyl, or
(o) —C(O)(C1-C3)alkylene-N((C1-C3)alkyl)2.
12. The compound of claim 11 wherein:
(1) Ar1 is phenyl;
(2) R1 is selected from: halo, —CF3, —OCF3, or —O(C1-C3)alkyl;
(3) n and p are selected so that a 3-piperidine ring is formed;
(4) R2 is halogen;
(5) R5 is selected from:
(a) —C(O)NH(C1-C6)alkyl,
(b) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2, or
(c) —C(O)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2 wherein the alkyl groups taken together with the nitrogen to which they are bound form a heterocycloalkyl ring.
13. The compound of claim 12 wherein: R5 is:
Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00249
14. The compound of claim 12 wherein: R5 is:
Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00250
wherein R6 is methyl.
15. The compound of claim 12 wherein: R5 is:
Figure US20060009467A1-20060112-C00251
wherein R6 is methyl or hydrogen, and R7 is selected from: —(C1-C3)alkyl, —(C1-C3)alkylene-O—(C1-C3)alkyl, —(C3-C6)cycloalkyl or —(C1-C3)alkylene-(C3-C6)cycloalkyl.
16. The compound of claim 15 wherein R6 is H.
17. The compound of claim 12 wherein when R1 is halo said halo is chloro.
18. The compound of claim 1 selected from: a compound of Examples 1 to 230.
19. The compound of claim 1 selected from: a compound of Examples 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 56, 62, 79, 161, 162, 180, 181, 182, 208, 209, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219 or 220.
20. A pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of claim 1 and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
21. A method of inhibiting gamma-secretase in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound of claim 1.
22. A method of treating neurodegenerative diseases in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound of claim 1.
23. A method of inhibiting the deposition of beta amyloid protein in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound of claim 1.
24. A method of treating Alzheimer's disease in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound of claim 1.
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