US20050284606A1 - Heat exchanger and heat exchange process - Google Patents

Heat exchanger and heat exchange process Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20050284606A1
US20050284606A1 US11/165,488 US16548805A US2005284606A1 US 20050284606 A1 US20050284606 A1 US 20050284606A1 US 16548805 A US16548805 A US 16548805A US 2005284606 A1 US2005284606 A1 US 2005284606A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
fluid
heating zone
heat exchanger
zone
heat exchange
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/165,488
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Henrik Stahl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Topsoe AS
Original Assignee
Haldor Topsoe AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Haldor Topsoe AS filed Critical Haldor Topsoe AS
Assigned to HALDOR TOPSOE A/S reassignment HALDOR TOPSOE A/S ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STAHL, HENRIK O.
Publication of US20050284606A1 publication Critical patent/US20050284606A1/en
Priority to US12/716,419 priority Critical patent/US20100218931A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/163—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
    • F28D7/1669—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing the conduit assemblies having an annular shape; the conduits being assembled around a central distribution tube
    • F28D7/1676—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing the conduit assemblies having an annular shape; the conduits being assembled around a central distribution tube with particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. change of flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a heat exchanger and a process for heat exchange in which the heat exchanger is applicable.
  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger useful as a steam super heater and having improved resistance to metal dusting and stress corrosion.
  • Steam reforming is most often an essential step in the production of carbon monoxide rich synthesis gas.
  • methane and steam is hereby converted under supply of heat to a gas composition comprising hydrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, steam and methane.
  • the temperature of the synthesis gas after reforming is most often between 750° C. and 1050° C.
  • the hot synthesis gas is subsequently cooled in a boiler or in a boiler and a super heater.
  • Metal dusting is a deteriorating attack of the carbon monoxide rich gas on alloys based on iron and/or nickel.
  • a basic reaction by metal dusting is the decomposition of carbon monoxide in a reduction reaction or the bouduard-reaction.
  • Metal dusting only takes place when the metal surface temperature is below the equilibrium temperature of these reactions. That will typically be between 750° C. and 850° C. However, if the temperature is lower, typically below 450° C., the reaction will not take place at a significant rate. This means that there is a metal temperature surface intermediate, which should be avoided for contact with gas in reformed gas coolers. These temperature ranges are between 450-800° C. for nickel based high alloys and 400-800° C. for low alloy steels.
  • waste heat boilers are cooled by the effective heat transfer to the boiling water and can therefore normally be designed to avoid conditions of metal dusting.
  • super heaters when applied as coolers for synthesis gasses have to be considered as subject to metal dusting attack.
  • Nickel based alloys are very sensitive to stress corrosion, whereas low alloy steels are not. Nickel based alloys should therefore only be in contact with dry steam.
  • the invention provides a heat exchange process comprising sequentially cooling of a first fluid by indirect heat exchange with a second fluid and comprising the following steps:
  • the invention also provides a heat exchanger for use in the above process, the heat exchanger for use in the above heat exchange process, the heat exchanger comprising a plurality of U-tubes securing a heat exchange surface for allowing heat transfer between a first and a second fluid, the U-tubes arranged in at least two sequential concentric tube bundles, the tube bundles defining at least a first and second heating zone respectively, each heating zone partially separated from the other by a wall, the first heating zone being a colder zone and the second heating zone being a hotter zone, the tube bundle of the first colder heating zone being made of a low alloy steel and the tube bundle of the second hotter heating zone being made of a temperature and corrosion resistant alloy.
  • FIG. 1 shows a heat exchanger with two heating zones.
  • FIG. 2 shows a horizontal section through a heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 3 shows a heat exchanger with three heating zones.
  • the invention concerns a heat exchanger which is useful as a super heater and is designed to avoid metal dusting and stress corrosion by a proper selection of a combination of metal alloys and gas/steam flow through a pre-defined pattern of heat exchange tube bundles.
  • the heat exchanger is suitable for heat exchange between a first and a second fluid.
  • An example of such fluids is steam (first fluid) and synthesis gas (second fluid).
  • the hot synthesis gas from a steam reforming reactor is cooled by steam in the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger is of the U-tube type with a thick tube sheet.
  • a plurality of U-tubes for transfer of the first fluid are arranged parallel and spaced apart with a central inlet and a peripheral outlet for the second fluid.
  • the shell side heat exchange is enhanced by disc and doughnut baffles.
  • the plurality of tubes is arranged in tube bundles, each tube bundle corresponding to a particular heating zone.
  • the first fluid for instance steam
  • the second fluid for instance reformed gas
  • the essential principle of the invention is that at least two tube bundles are present in the heat exchanger and they are connected to one tube sheet in concentric rings.
  • the compartments for each tube bundle are separated by metallic walls with openings in their middle or at their ends through which the second fluid passes and is divided into several streams when flowing from one compartment to the other.
  • the second fluid flows both countercurrent- and concurrent to the first fluid within each tube bundle compartment, as shown by the arrows in FIGS. 1 and 3 .
  • FIGS. 1 and 3 the flow directions of the first and second fluids are indicated by curved arrows.
  • FIG. 1 relates to an embodiment of the invention having two heating zones separated by a wall.
  • the first fluid for instance steam, enters the heat exchanger through inlet 1 .
  • the first fluid then enters a compartment comprising U-tubes in a first tube bundle and defining-a first heating zone 2 .
  • the first fluid After passing through the U-tubes in the first heating zone in indirect heat exchange with the second fluid, the first fluid enters a second compartment comprising the U-tubes in a second tube bundle and defining a second heating zone 3 .
  • the U-tubes of the second tube bundle are placed sequentially after the U-tubes of the first tube bundle.
  • the tube bundle defining the second heating zone 3 is placed innermost in the heat exchanger while the tube bundle defining the first heating zone 2 is placed outermost and the two tube bundles are separated by a wall 12 .
  • the wall 12 can be of metal and it is positioned and constructed to provide openings 15 and 16 allowing division of the flow of the second fluid into several streams, when flowing from one compartment to the other.
  • the first fluid passes through the U-tubes in the second heating zone 3 in indirect heat exchange with the second fluid. After passing through the second heating zone 3 the first fluid is now heated and it leaves the heat exchanger through the outlet 4 .
  • the second fluid enters the middle of heating zone 3 through the openings 14 and the fluid is then divided to flow towards the two ends of the tube bundle.
  • the second fluid thus contacts the external surfaces i.e. the shell side of the U-tubes of the innermost tube bundle and is cooled in indirect heat exchange with the first fluid.
  • the second fluid thereafter passes through end openings 15 and 16 in the wall 12 separating the two tube bundles defining the first and second heating zones 2 and 3 .
  • the opening 15 is at the lower end of the wall 12 and the opening 16 is at the upper end of the wall 12 .
  • the second fluid then passes across the shell side of the tube bundles defining the first heating zone 2 , which surrounds the innermost bundle defining the second heating zone 3 .
  • the gas then flows in the tube bundle from the end openings 15 and 16 towards the middle of the heating zone 2 .
  • the further cooled second fluid then leaves the first heating zone 2 and the heat exchanger through outlet 6 .
  • FIG. 2 shows the placement of the tube bundles relative to each other in the heat exchanger.
  • the wall 12 divides the heating zones into two compartments resulting in heating zones 2 and 3 .
  • the tube bundles are placed in the heat exchanger with the tube bundle of heating zone 2 placed outermost and the tube bundles of heating zone 3 placed innermost.
  • the heat exchanger can have three heating zones as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the third bundle also defines a heating zone 11 allowing further heat exchange of the first fluid with the second.
  • the second fluid enters the middle of this heating zone through a central opening 17 in the wall 18 separating the outermost tube bundle from the two innermost tube bundles.
  • the wall 18 separates thereby heating zone 11 from heating zones 2 and 3 .
  • the fluid is then divided into streams flowing towards the two ends of the tube bundle.
  • the walls separating the compartments can therefore have openings at either their ends ( 15 and 16 ) or in their middle ( 17 ).
  • the openings in each subsequent wall therefore alternate by being either at the end of the wall or in its middle. This ensures that the flow of the second fluid is both concurrent and counter current to the flow of the first fluid in each heating zone. Effective heat exchange is thereby realised.
  • the second fluid is in this way cooled by subsequent flow (divided flow) through the two or three tube bundles.
  • first fluid is heated by subsequent flow through the tubes, starting in the outermost bundle, which is coldest and has the lowest temperature and leaving after flow through the innermost bundle, which is hottest and therefore has the highest temperature.
  • the outmost tube bundle defining the heating zone 2 therefore corresponds to a cold zone (a low temperature zone) and the innermost bundle defining the heating zone 3 therefore corresponds to a hot zone (a high temperature zone).
  • the heating zone 2 in the middle between heating zones 3 and 11 has intermediate temperatures between the hottest (high temperature zone) and the coldest (low temperature zone) zones.
  • Baffles can be placed in the heating zones in order to improve the heat distribution.
  • Baffles particularly suitable for the heat exchanger are of the disc and doughnut type. These have the effect of allowing the second fluid to travel through the heating zones in a zig-zag movement and additionally they assist in positioning the U-tubes.
  • the baffles 7 , 8 and 9 shown in FIG. 1 are held in place by rods. Baffle 7 is hot i.e. experiences high temperature, and baffle 8 is cold i.e. experiences low temperature.
  • the baffles 10 in the central pipe are hot baffles. Baffles can also be placed in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 .
  • Characteristic for the heat exchanger of the invention is that the U-tubes are of materials resistant to metal dusting when the material surface is hot enough to give a risk of metal dusting.
  • the U-tubes can be of cheaper low alloy steel when situated in colder zones. Low alloy steel is not sensitive to wet stress corrosion. When the first fluid is steam, it enters U-tubes of low alloy steel, and the steam will not come in contact with the U-tubes of high alloys before it is completely dry.
  • the heat exchanger of the invention shows an improvement in its heat exchange performance due to it enhanced resistance towards metal dusting and stress corrosion.
  • a typical process in which the heat exchanger is useful is in a steam reforming process as described in the following:
  • Hot effluent for instance a carbon monoxide containing reformed gas such as synthesis gas from a reforming reactor
  • a waste heat boiler where the temperature of the effluent is reduced from, for instance 1050° C. to 475° C., using steam supplied from a steam drum.
  • the cooled effluent is then sent to a heat exchanger of the invention where the temperature is further reduced to 360° C. by heat exchange with steam.
  • the heat exchanger functions as a steam super heater.
  • the steam used can be supplied from the steam drum and it is thereby heated from a temperature of for instance 320° C. to 400° C.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US11/165,488 2004-06-25 2005-06-24 Heat exchanger and heat exchange process Abandoned US20050284606A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/716,419 US20100218931A1 (en) 2004-06-25 2010-03-03 Heat exchange and heat exchange process

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA200400998 2004-06-25
DKPA200400998 2004-06-25

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/716,419 Division US20100218931A1 (en) 2004-06-25 2010-03-03 Heat exchange and heat exchange process

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20050284606A1 true US20050284606A1 (en) 2005-12-29

Family

ID=34937511

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/165,488 Abandoned US20050284606A1 (en) 2004-06-25 2005-06-24 Heat exchanger and heat exchange process
US12/716,419 Abandoned US20100218931A1 (en) 2004-06-25 2010-03-03 Heat exchange and heat exchange process

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/716,419 Abandoned US20100218931A1 (en) 2004-06-25 2010-03-03 Heat exchange and heat exchange process

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (2) US20050284606A1 (ko)
EP (1) EP1610081A1 (ko)
JP (1) JP2006010309A (ko)
KR (1) KR101175993B1 (ko)
CN (1) CN1715743A (ko)
AU (1) AU2005202782B2 (ko)
CA (1) CA2510916C (ko)
RU (1) RU2374587C2 (ko)
ZA (1) ZA200505145B (ko)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120220196A1 (en) * 2011-02-25 2012-08-30 Ebara Corporation Polishing apparatus having temperature regulator for polishing pad
WO2013165877A1 (en) * 2012-05-01 2013-11-07 Norcross Corporation Dual passage concentric tube heat exchanger for cooling heating of fluid in a low pressure system
US20160116219A1 (en) * 2013-05-21 2016-04-28 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Heat exchanger, method for maintaining, producing and operating a heat exchanger, power plant and method for generating electric power
US20170239778A1 (en) * 2016-02-22 2017-08-24 Ebara Corporation Apparatus and method for regulating surface temperature of polishing pad
US20170279026A1 (en) * 2014-08-26 2017-09-28 Mahle International Gmbh Thermoelectric module
US20210080186A1 (en) * 2018-03-22 2021-03-18 Casale Sa Shell and tube heat exchanger

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1017747A3 (nl) * 2007-08-29 2009-05-05 Atlas Copco Airpower Nv Warmtewisselaar.
JP5658147B2 (ja) * 2008-06-26 2015-01-21 ハルドール・トプサー・アクチエゼルスカベット アンモニアを製造するプロセス
JP5644102B2 (ja) * 2009-12-28 2014-12-24 三浦工業株式会社 熱交換器
DE102010040278A1 (de) * 2010-09-06 2012-03-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Wärmetauscher
US20120160451A1 (en) * 2010-12-22 2012-06-28 Flexenergy Energy Systems, Inc. Refold heat exchanger
BR112015020970B1 (pt) * 2013-03-07 2019-10-08 Foster Wheeler Usa Corporation Fornalha com tempo de funcionamento melhorado
RU173350U1 (ru) * 2016-11-22 2017-08-23 Андрей Александрович Виноградов Градирня сухая для жаркого климата
ES2842423T3 (es) 2017-05-26 2021-07-14 Alfa Laval Olmi S P A Intercambiador de calor de carcasa y tubos

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1917595A (en) * 1929-07-16 1933-07-11 Elliott Co Heater
US2061429A (en) * 1932-04-13 1936-11-17 Charles H Leach Heat exchange apparatus
US2774575A (en) * 1952-03-07 1956-12-18 Worthington Corp Regenerator
US2869834A (en) * 1956-04-10 1959-01-20 Patterson Kelley Co Heat exchanger
US3958630A (en) * 1975-01-24 1976-05-25 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Heat exchanger baffle arrangement
US4877465A (en) * 1986-03-18 1989-10-31 Electicite De France (Service National) Structural parts of austenitic nickel-chromium-iron alloy
US5190731A (en) * 1989-02-16 1993-03-02 Haldor Topsoe A/S Process and apparatus for exothermic reactions
US5400432A (en) * 1993-05-27 1995-03-21 Sterling, Inc. Apparatus for heating or cooling of fluid including heating or cooling elements in a pair of counterflow fluid flow passages
US5915465A (en) * 1997-03-14 1999-06-29 Deutsche Babcock-Borsig Aktiengesellschaft Heat exchanger
US5980821A (en) * 1991-04-11 1999-11-09 Krupp-Vdm Gmbh Austenitic nickel-chromium-iron alloy
US6153152A (en) * 1990-04-03 2000-11-28 The Standard Oil Company Endothermic reaction apparatus and method
US6623869B1 (en) * 2001-06-19 2003-09-23 Sumitomo Metal Ind Metal material having good resistance to metal dusting

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO117924B (ko) * 1964-12-07 1969-10-13 Boliden Ab
JPS5553694A (en) * 1978-10-16 1980-04-19 Hitachi Ltd Heat exchanger
JPS60101593U (ja) * 1983-12-19 1985-07-11 千代田化工建設株式会社 Ｕ字管型多管式熱交換器用ｕ字管の曲り部の防振構造
US4907643A (en) * 1989-03-22 1990-03-13 C F Braun Inc. Combined heat exchanger system such as for ammonia synthesis reactor effluent
JPH06218270A (ja) * 1993-01-26 1994-08-09 Mitsubishi Gas Chem Co Inc 縦型流動層触媒反応器
JPH09279313A (ja) * 1996-04-15 1997-10-28 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 都市ゴミ焼却設備排ガス系用ステンレス鋼
JP3509695B2 (ja) * 2000-04-13 2004-03-22 哲人 田村 急速冷却装置およびその方法
JP2002139297A (ja) * 2000-11-01 2002-05-17 Tetsuto Tamura 急速冷却装置
US6695983B2 (en) * 2001-04-24 2004-02-24 Praxair Technology, Inc. Syngas production method utilizing an oxygen transport membrane
MY136087A (en) * 2001-10-22 2008-08-29 Shell Int Research Process to reduce the temperature of a hydrogen and carbon monoxide containing gas and heat exchanger for use in said process
US20030213854A1 (en) * 2002-05-15 2003-11-20 Stickford George H. Evaporator configuration for a micro combined heat and power system

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1917595A (en) * 1929-07-16 1933-07-11 Elliott Co Heater
US2061429A (en) * 1932-04-13 1936-11-17 Charles H Leach Heat exchange apparatus
US2774575A (en) * 1952-03-07 1956-12-18 Worthington Corp Regenerator
US2869834A (en) * 1956-04-10 1959-01-20 Patterson Kelley Co Heat exchanger
US3958630A (en) * 1975-01-24 1976-05-25 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Heat exchanger baffle arrangement
US4877465A (en) * 1986-03-18 1989-10-31 Electicite De France (Service National) Structural parts of austenitic nickel-chromium-iron alloy
US5190731A (en) * 1989-02-16 1993-03-02 Haldor Topsoe A/S Process and apparatus for exothermic reactions
US6153152A (en) * 1990-04-03 2000-11-28 The Standard Oil Company Endothermic reaction apparatus and method
US5980821A (en) * 1991-04-11 1999-11-09 Krupp-Vdm Gmbh Austenitic nickel-chromium-iron alloy
US5400432A (en) * 1993-05-27 1995-03-21 Sterling, Inc. Apparatus for heating or cooling of fluid including heating or cooling elements in a pair of counterflow fluid flow passages
US5915465A (en) * 1997-03-14 1999-06-29 Deutsche Babcock-Borsig Aktiengesellschaft Heat exchanger
US6623869B1 (en) * 2001-06-19 2003-09-23 Sumitomo Metal Ind Metal material having good resistance to metal dusting

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120220196A1 (en) * 2011-02-25 2012-08-30 Ebara Corporation Polishing apparatus having temperature regulator for polishing pad
US9475167B2 (en) * 2011-02-25 2016-10-25 Ebara Corporation Polishing apparatus having temperature regulator for polishing pad
WO2013165877A1 (en) * 2012-05-01 2013-11-07 Norcross Corporation Dual passage concentric tube heat exchanger for cooling heating of fluid in a low pressure system
US20160116219A1 (en) * 2013-05-21 2016-04-28 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Heat exchanger, method for maintaining, producing and operating a heat exchanger, power plant and method for generating electric power
US20170279026A1 (en) * 2014-08-26 2017-09-28 Mahle International Gmbh Thermoelectric module
US20170239778A1 (en) * 2016-02-22 2017-08-24 Ebara Corporation Apparatus and method for regulating surface temperature of polishing pad
US10414018B2 (en) * 2016-02-22 2019-09-17 Ebara Corporation Apparatus and method for regulating surface temperature of polishing pad
US20210080186A1 (en) * 2018-03-22 2021-03-18 Casale Sa Shell and tube heat exchanger
US11828542B2 (en) * 2018-03-22 2023-11-28 Casale Sa Shell and tube heat exchanger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR101175993B1 (ko) 2012-08-23
US20100218931A1 (en) 2010-09-02
ZA200505145B (en) 2006-04-26
KR20060049684A (ko) 2006-05-19
RU2374587C2 (ru) 2009-11-27
EP1610081A1 (en) 2005-12-28
RU2005119478A (ru) 2006-12-27
CN1715743A (zh) 2006-01-04
JP2006010309A (ja) 2006-01-12
AU2005202782B2 (en) 2009-12-10
AU2005202782A1 (en) 2006-01-12
CA2510916C (en) 2013-08-13
CA2510916A1 (en) 2005-12-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20050284606A1 (en) Heat exchanger and heat exchange process
US8261700B2 (en) Steam superheater
KR101826589B1 (ko) 쉘 앤드 튜브 반응기
RU2011942C1 (ru) Трубчатый теплообменник
EP2482020B1 (en) Heat exchanger
US7731935B2 (en) Steam reforming
CA2078825C (en) Process and reactor for carrying out non-adiabatic catalytic reactions
EP3262363B1 (en) Waste heat boiler system and method for cooling a process gas
WO2006117572A1 (en) Apparatus and process for steam reforming of hydrocarbons
EP0205205A1 (en) Transfer-line cooler
US11007498B2 (en) Layout for inter-bed cooling in sulfuric acid plants
AU2009262595B2 (en) Process for the production of ammonia and steam superheater
DK169060B1 (da) Reaktor til dampreforming af carbonhydrider under varmeveksling

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: HALDOR TOPSOE A/S, DENMARK

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:STAHL, HENRIK O.;REEL/FRAME:016728/0706

Effective date: 20050614

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION