US20050280144A1 - Thermal apparatus for engaging electronic device - Google Patents
Thermal apparatus for engaging electronic device Download PDFInfo
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- US20050280144A1 US20050280144A1 US10/616,106 US61610603A US2005280144A1 US 20050280144 A1 US20050280144 A1 US 20050280144A1 US 61610603 A US61610603 A US 61610603A US 2005280144 A1 US2005280144 A1 US 2005280144A1
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- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/0266—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with separate evaporating and condensing chambers connected by at least one conduit; Loop-type heat pipes; with multiple or common evaporating or condensing chambers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/2851—Testing of integrated circuits [IC]
- G01R31/2855—Environmental, reliability or burn-in testing
- G01R31/2872—Environmental, reliability or burn-in testing related to electrical or environmental aspects, e.g. temperature, humidity, vibration, nuclear radiation
- G01R31/2874—Environmental, reliability or burn-in testing related to electrical or environmental aspects, e.g. temperature, humidity, vibration, nuclear radiation related to temperature
- G01R31/2875—Environmental, reliability or burn-in testing related to electrical or environmental aspects, e.g. temperature, humidity, vibration, nuclear radiation related to temperature related to heating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/2851—Testing of integrated circuits [IC]
- G01R31/2886—Features relating to contacting the IC under test, e.g. probe heads; chucks
- G01R31/2891—Features relating to contacting the IC under test, e.g. probe heads; chucks related to sensing or controlling of force, position, temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
- H01L23/46—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids
- H01L23/473—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids by flowing liquids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2280/00—Mounting arrangements; Arrangements for facilitating assembling or disassembling of heat exchanger parts
- F28F2280/02—Removable elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/2851—Testing of integrated circuits [IC]
- G01R31/2855—Environmental, reliability or burn-in testing
- G01R31/286—External aspects, e.g. related to chambers, contacting devices or handlers
- G01R31/2865—Holding devices, e.g. chucks; Handlers or transport devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to apparatus for maintaining an electronic device at a predetermined temperature.
- Thermal apparatus are utilized in the electronics industry for controlling the temperature of an electronic device during testing and burn-in procedures.
- DUT devices under test
- the “Burn-In Ovens” were just that—ovens. It was necessary to add heat to get the DUTs up to the temperature at which testing was to be performed.
- the present invention provides an apparatus for controlling the temperature of at least one electronic device.
- the apparatus comprises a flow loop through which refrigerant fluid is conducted to alternately absorb and release thermal energy.
- a thermal head is connected into the flow loop for engaging the electronic device.
- the apparatus further includes a base structure including a mount portion to which the thermal head is mounted.
- the base structure defines at least part of the flow loop so as to route the refrigerant fluid to and from the thermal head.
- the base structure includes an isolation arrangement for the mount portion. The isolation arrangement normally maintains the mount portion in planar alignment with the base structure but permits movement of the mount portion to facilitate engagement of the thermal head with the electronic device.
- the isolation arrangement includes at least one flexible arm defining a flow passage for the refrigerant fluid.
- the isolation arrangement may have a plurality of flexible arms, two of which define respective first and second flow passages. Often, it will be desirable to provide a total of three flexible arms supporting the mount portion.
- the flexible arm defines two parallel flow passages for respective ingress and egress of refrigerant fluid to and from the thermal head.
- the base structure has a generally planar configuration in which the mount portion and isolation arrangement are formed by configured slots.
- the base structure may comprise a plurality of generally planar layers juxtaposed to one another.
- the base structure may have an intermediate layer sandwiched between top and bottom layers in which the intermediate layer defines flow passages for the refrigerant fluid.
- the base structure may comprise two layers juxtaposed to one another. At least one of the two layers may have grooves defining the flow passages.
- the flow loop of the apparatus will circulate refrigerant fluid in a refrigeration system including a compressor and a condenser.
- the refrigerant fluid in such a system will change between gaseous and liquid states to alternately absorb and release thermal energy.
- the apparatus includes a valve located on the base structure to control flow of refrigerant fluid into the thermal head.
- the valve may be attached to the mount portion of the base structure.
- the valve may also be formed by a pinch point configured in a flow passage of the base structure.
- the present invention provides an apparatus for controlling the temperature of a plurality of electronic devices.
- the apparatus comprises a base structure and a plurality of thermal heads.
- the base structure has a plurality of planar springs supporting respective thermal heads.
- Each of the planar springs is movable to facilitate movement of a respective thermal head into engagement with a corresponding electronic device.
- the apparatus includes a controllable mechanism operative to move the thermal heads into engagement with respective electronic devices.
- the controllable mechanism may preferably comprise a semirigid bladder which pushes the thermal heads into engagement with respective electronic devices.
- the semirigid bladder may engage valves associated with the respective thermal heads.
- the base structure may be configured as a manifold defining flow passages for routing refrigerant fluid to and from the thermal heads.
- the present invention provides an apparatus comprising a generally planar base structure defining a mount portion to which a thermal head is mounted.
- the mount portion is supported by an isolation arrangement configured to permit movement of the thermal head between retracted and extended positions.
- the isolation arrangement is formed by configured slots defined in the base structure.
- an apparatus comprising a generally planar base structure defining a mount portion to which a thermal head is mounted.
- the mount portion is supported by an isolation arrangement.
- the isolation arrangement is configured to permit movement of the thermal head between retracted and extended positions.
- the isolation arrangement includes at least one flexible arm defining a flow passage for conducting refrigerant fluid.
- FIG. 1 is diagrammatic representation of an apparatus constructed in accordance with the present invention for controlling the temperature of an electronic device
- FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate the base structure of the apparatus of FIG. 1 with the thermal heads in retracted and extended positions, respectively;
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are enlarged views of a single thermal head in respective retracted and extended positions
- FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view (partially diagrammatic) taken along line 4 - 4 of FIG. 3A ;
- FIGS. 5 A-C illustrate respective top, intermediate and bottom layers of the three-layer base structure shown in FIG. 4 ;
- FIG. 6 is a top plan view of a first alternative base structure having two juxtaposed layers
- FIGS. 7A and 7B are cross sectional views taken along line 7 - 7 of FIG. 6 with the valve in respective open and closed positions;
- FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view taken along line 8 - 8 of FIG. 6 ;
- FIG. 9 is a top plan view of a second alternative base structure having a single flexible arm.
- FIG. 10 is a cross sectional view as taken along line 10 - 10 of FIG. 9 .
- FIG. 1 illustrates an apparatus 10 constructed in accordance with the present invention.
- apparatus 10 functions to control simultaneously the temperature of multiple electronic devices 12 undergoing a burn-in procedure.
- devices 12 are integrated circuit devices mounted to respective carrier substrates 14 .
- Substrates 14 each include a plurality of contact pins 16 (or other suitable contacts) mating with corresponding sockets of the burn-in fixture 18 .
- fixture 18 supplies energy to power the respective devices 12 , and also initiates the various read/write commands to which devices 12 are subjected during the burn-in procedure.
- Apparatus 10 includes a plurality of thermal heads 20 , each associated with a corresponding device 12 .
- Thermal heads 20 are moved so that their respective bottom surfaces are brought into thermal engagement with the top surface of a corresponding device 12 .
- the operational temperature of devices 12 will be desirably controlled.
- thermal heads 20 are configured as evaporators in a refrigeration system also including a compressor 22 and a condenser 24 .
- the refrigeration system employs a refrigerant fluid circulated around a fluid flow loop so as to alternately absorb and release thermal energy. This occurs when the refrigerant fluid changes between gaseous and liquid states in accordance with the well-known refrigeration cycle.
- the particular refrigerant chosen for this purpose will depend on the specific requirements of the application.
- the refrigerant fluid absorbs excess thermal energy at the location of device 12 when it “evaporates” from a liquid state to a gaseous state. This evaporation occurs in a circuitous flow passage 26 ( FIG. 4 ) defined in the respective thermal head.
- the low pressure gas exiting the thermal head is then fed along outlet tube 28 to compressor 22 .
- the resulting high pressure gas is fed along tube 30 to condenser 24 , where accumulated thermal energy dissipates.
- the refrigerant fluid is condensed to liquid form.
- High pressure liquid from condenser 24 is fed back toward thermal head 20 along inlet tube 32 .
- the inner diameter of tube 32 changes at a predetermined location so to form a capillary tube 34 .
- thermal heads 20 are located under a generally planar base structure 36 .
- base structure 36 functions as a manifold defining flow passages by which refrigerant fluid is routed from capillary tube 34 to the respective thermal heads 20 .
- refrigerant fluid exiting the thermal heads is routed back to outlet tube 28 by flow passages of base structure 36 .
- base structure 36 comprises part of the flow loop about which the refrigerant fluid circulates.
- the apparatus is configured such that expansion of the refrigerant fluid occurs in the downstream portion of the flow loop to produce a desired temperature drop.
- the manner in which refrigerant expansion occurs depends on the particular design. For example, expansion may occur across the combination of capillary tube 34 and the internal flow passages of base structure 36 .
- expansion may also occur at a controllable valve 38 positioned between tube 34 and inlet of the respective thermal head evaporators.
- each of the valves 38 is constructed having a valve housing 40 in which a valve element 42 is located.
- valve element 42 functions to meter refrigerant fluid into the corresponding thermal head in a manner that achieves precise temperature control.
- a refrigeration system may be constructed comprising a thermal compressor plus liquid pump (i.e., a condenser at some temperature and therefore pressure below the saturation pressure of the vapor returning from the thermal head is connected to the return line).
- the vapor condenses in the condenser, then the liquid is pumped with an ordinary liquid pump to generate a pressure difference to help drive the delivery of the liquid to the thermal head.
- This could be depicted in FIG. 1 by replacing compressor 22 with a condenser and condenser 24 with a liquid pump. In situations where this arrangement can be used, significant energy savings over the arrangement shown in the drawing may be possible.
- a refrigeration effect can be achieved by warming the refrigerant, rather than just evaporating it.
- a controllable mechanism is preferably provided to move thermal heads 20 into engagement with respective devices 12 .
- the illustrated embodiment utilizes an expandable bladder 44 to reliably and accurately move the thermal heads 20 into position.
- bladder 44 is mounted within a housing 46 so as to form a chamber 48 .
- bladder 44 is a composite having a flexible sheet 50 mated to a semirigid sheet 52 .
- pressurized gas such as “dry” air is introduced into chamber 48 .
- the resulting expansion of bladder 44 causes semirigid sheet 52 to push against all of the respective valve housings 40 simultaneously.
- the configuration of flexible sheet 50 permits semirigid sheet 52 to remain substantially horizontal during this expansion.
- thermal heads 20 are moved from their retracted position ( FIG. 2A ) into an extended position ( FIG. 2B ) engaging devices 12 with a controllable force.
- thermal head 20 is juxtaposed to base structure 36 in the retracted position. As shown in FIG. 3B , however, thermal head 20 is spaced apart from the static portion of base structure 36 in the extended position.
- base structure 36 includes a respective mount portion 56 to which each thermal head 20 is attached.
- Mount portion 56 is supported by a corresponding isolation arrangement 58 which permits the downward movement of thermal head 20 .
- isolation arrangement 58 is formed as a planar spring that will be in planar alignment with the static portion of base structure 36 in the retracted position. Thus, these elements are “hidden” in the side view of FIG. 3A .
- Isolation arrangement 58 also allows thermal head 20 to “float” with respect to the static portion of base structure 36 . This ensures co-planarity between thermal head 20 and device 12 despite some variation between their respective planar orientation. More effective thermal engagement (and thus heat transfer) between device 12 and thermal head 20 is thereby facilitated.
- base structure 36 may be constructed having a plurality of generally planar layers juxtaposed to one another.
- the multilayer construction permits flow passages for the refrigerant fluid to be easily formed within the interior of base structure 36 .
- the illustrated embodiment includes an intermediate layer 60 sandwiched between a top layer 62 and a bottom layer 64 .
- Intermediate layer 60 is configured to define the flow passages for ingress and egress of refrigerant fluid (indicated at 66 and 67 , respectively).
- the layers of base structure 36 may be made of any suitable material, such as stainless steel. In embodiments where the layers are constructed of sheet metal, a brazing technique may be used to join them together.
- a series of slots 68 are defined through base structure 36 in order to form mount portion 56 and isolation arrangement 58 . Slots 68 thus form respective flexible arms 69 making up the planar spring.
- top layer 62 further defines a hole 72 aligned with the terminal portion 74 of inlet passage 66 (defined in intermediate layer 60 ).
- refrigerant fluid conducted along the inlet passage will pass through hole 72 , valve element 42 and then down through hole 70 .
- the refrigerant fluid will exit thermal head 20 through exhaust holes 76 a - b in bottom layer 64 .
- Exhaust holes 76 a - b are aligned with the terminal portions 78 a - b of exhaust passages 67 (also defined in intermediate layer 60 ). Significantly, it can be seen that inlet passage 66 and exhaust passages 67 extend along flexible arms 69 .
- base structure 80 is formed of a top layer 82 and a bottom layer 84 rather than a three layer structure as described above. Because there is no intermediate layer, the fluid passages are formed by grooves defined in one or both of the two layers. For example, it can be seen in FIG. 8 that inlet passage 86 is formed by a groove 87 in top layer 82 . Otherwise, the construction of base structure 80 may be substantially similar to that of base structure 36 .
- the base structure can be configured having an integral valve for each of the thermal heads, rather than an external mounted valve as described above.
- inlet passage 86 has a widened portion 88 at a selected location.
- portion 88 will be normally opened to allow flow of refrigerant fluid.
- the inlet flow passage will be pinched off at this location.
- a suitable mechanism is provided to actuate the valve.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a base structure 92 constructed in accordance with the present invention.
- the isolation arrangement is formed by a slot 94 defining a spiral of decreasing radius. Slot 94 thus produces an isolation arrangement having a single flexible arm 96 rather than multiple flexible arms as illustrated in the previous embodiments.
- ingress and egress of refrigerant fluid is provided by a pair of fluid passages 98 and 100 extending in parallel along the length of arm 96 .
- the present invention provides apparatus for maintaining an electronic device at a selected temperature. While preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, modifications and variations may be made thereto by those of skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
- the cooled portion of the thermal head is configured as an evaporator in the above-described embodiments.
- Embodiments are also contemplated, however, in which a chilled liquid is circulated through the thermal head.
Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/455,771, filed Mar. 19, 2003, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
- The present invention generally relates to apparatus for maintaining an electronic device at a predetermined temperature.
- Thermal apparatus are utilized in the electronics industry for controlling the temperature of an electronic device during testing and burn-in procedures. In years past the devices under test (DUT) were of such low power dissipation, that the “Burn-In Ovens” were just that—ovens. It was necessary to add heat to get the DUTs up to the temperature at which testing was to be performed.
- In the last few years, the situation has changed. Because the DUTs were becoming higher power, some cooling had to be applied. Initially that cooling came from just blowing air over them, and then adding heat sinks to them with air blowing. Later, the use of chilled liquid and Thermal Electric Coolers (TEC) was added to the arsenal. With these last two, the industry is using technology similar to other testing in that they use either heaters (in the case of the chilled liquid) and the TEC is a heater itself.
- In one aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for controlling the temperature of at least one electronic device. The apparatus comprises a flow loop through which refrigerant fluid is conducted to alternately absorb and release thermal energy. A thermal head is connected into the flow loop for engaging the electronic device.
- The apparatus further includes a base structure including a mount portion to which the thermal head is mounted. The base structure defines at least part of the flow loop so as to route the refrigerant fluid to and from the thermal head. In addition, the base structure includes an isolation arrangement for the mount portion. The isolation arrangement normally maintains the mount portion in planar alignment with the base structure but permits movement of the mount portion to facilitate engagement of the thermal head with the electronic device.
- In some exemplary embodiments, the isolation arrangement includes at least one flexible arm defining a flow passage for the refrigerant fluid. For example, the isolation arrangement may have a plurality of flexible arms, two of which define respective first and second flow passages. Often, it will be desirable to provide a total of three flexible arms supporting the mount portion. Embodiments are also contemplated in which the flexible arm defines two parallel flow passages for respective ingress and egress of refrigerant fluid to and from the thermal head.
- Preferably, the base structure has a generally planar configuration in which the mount portion and isolation arrangement are formed by configured slots. In such embodiments, the base structure may comprise a plurality of generally planar layers juxtaposed to one another. For example, the base structure may have an intermediate layer sandwiched between top and bottom layers in which the intermediate layer defines flow passages for the refrigerant fluid. In other embodiments, the base structure may comprise two layers juxtaposed to one another. At least one of the two layers may have grooves defining the flow passages.
- In many cases, the flow loop of the apparatus will circulate refrigerant fluid in a refrigeration system including a compressor and a condenser. The refrigerant fluid in such a system will change between gaseous and liquid states to alternately absorb and release thermal energy.
- Embodiments are also contemplated in which the apparatus includes a valve located on the base structure to control flow of refrigerant fluid into the thermal head. In some cases, the valve may be attached to the mount portion of the base structure. The valve may also be formed by a pinch point configured in a flow passage of the base structure.
- In another aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for controlling the temperature of a plurality of electronic devices. The apparatus comprises a base structure and a plurality of thermal heads. The base structure has a plurality of planar springs supporting respective thermal heads. Each of the planar springs is movable to facilitate movement of a respective thermal head into engagement with a corresponding electronic device.
- In exemplary embodiments, the apparatus includes a controllable mechanism operative to move the thermal heads into engagement with respective electronic devices. Often, it will be desirable for the controllable mechanism to be actuated by a source of pressurized gas. The controllable mechanism may preferably comprise a semirigid bladder which pushes the thermal heads into engagement with respective electronic devices. In some exemplary embodiments, the semirigid bladder may engage valves associated with the respective thermal heads. Preferably, the base structure may be configured as a manifold defining flow passages for routing refrigerant fluid to and from the thermal heads.
- In a still further aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus comprising a generally planar base structure defining a mount portion to which a thermal head is mounted. The mount portion is supported by an isolation arrangement configured to permit movement of the thermal head between retracted and extended positions. The isolation arrangement is formed by configured slots defined in the base structure.
- Another aspect of the present invention involves an apparatus comprising a generally planar base structure defining a mount portion to which a thermal head is mounted. The mount portion is supported by an isolation arrangement. The isolation arrangement is configured to permit movement of the thermal head between retracted and extended positions. In addition, the isolation arrangement includes at least one flexible arm defining a flow passage for conducting refrigerant fluid.
- Other objects, features and aspects of the present invention are discussed in greater detail below.
- A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof, to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth more particularly in the remainder of the specification, including reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 is diagrammatic representation of an apparatus constructed in accordance with the present invention for controlling the temperature of an electronic device; -
FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate the base structure of the apparatus ofFIG. 1 with the thermal heads in retracted and extended positions, respectively; -
FIGS. 3A and 3B are enlarged views of a single thermal head in respective retracted and extended positions; -
FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view (partially diagrammatic) taken along line 4-4 ofFIG. 3A ; - FIGS. 5A-C illustrate respective top, intermediate and bottom layers of the three-layer base structure shown in
FIG. 4 ; -
FIG. 6 is a top plan view of a first alternative base structure having two juxtaposed layers; -
FIGS. 7A and 7B are cross sectional views taken along line 7-7 ofFIG. 6 with the valve in respective open and closed positions; -
FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view taken along line 8-8 ofFIG. 6 ; -
FIG. 9 is a top plan view of a second alternative base structure having a single flexible arm; and -
FIG. 10 is a cross sectional view as taken along line 10-10 ofFIG. 9 . - Repeat use of reference characters in the present specification and drawings is intended to represent same or analogous features or elements of the invention.
- It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the present discussion is a description of exemplary embodiments only and is not intended as limiting the broader aspects of the present invention, which broader aspects are embodied in the exemplary constructions.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates anapparatus 10 constructed in accordance with the present invention. In this case,apparatus 10 functions to control simultaneously the temperature of multipleelectronic devices 12 undergoing a burn-in procedure. As can be seen,devices 12 are integrated circuit devices mounted torespective carrier substrates 14.Substrates 14 each include a plurality of contact pins 16 (or other suitable contacts) mating with corresponding sockets of the burn-infixture 18. As one skilled in the art will appreciate,fixture 18 supplies energy to power therespective devices 12, and also initiates the various read/write commands to whichdevices 12 are subjected during the burn-in procedure. -
Apparatus 10 includes a plurality ofthermal heads 20, each associated with acorresponding device 12. Thermal heads 20 are moved so that their respective bottom surfaces are brought into thermal engagement with the top surface of acorresponding device 12. As a result, the operational temperature ofdevices 12 will be desirably controlled. - In this case,
thermal heads 20 are configured as evaporators in a refrigeration system also including acompressor 22 and acondenser 24. The refrigeration system employs a refrigerant fluid circulated around a fluid flow loop so as to alternately absorb and release thermal energy. This occurs when the refrigerant fluid changes between gaseous and liquid states in accordance with the well-known refrigeration cycle. The particular refrigerant chosen for this purpose will depend on the specific requirements of the application. - The refrigerant fluid absorbs excess thermal energy at the location of
device 12 when it “evaporates” from a liquid state to a gaseous state. This evaporation occurs in a circuitous flow passage 26 (FIG. 4 ) defined in the respective thermal head. The low pressure gas exiting the thermal head is then fed alongoutlet tube 28 tocompressor 22. The resulting high pressure gas is fed alongtube 30 tocondenser 24, where accumulated thermal energy dissipates. As a result, the refrigerant fluid is condensed to liquid form. - High pressure liquid from
condenser 24 is fed back towardthermal head 20 alonginlet tube 32. In this embodiment, the inner diameter oftube 32 changes at a predetermined location so to form acapillary tube 34. - As can be seen,
thermal heads 20 are located under a generallyplanar base structure 36. In the illustrated embodiment,base structure 36 functions as a manifold defining flow passages by which refrigerant fluid is routed fromcapillary tube 34 to the respective thermal heads 20. Similarly, refrigerant fluid exiting the thermal heads is routed back tooutlet tube 28 by flow passages ofbase structure 36. - One skilled in the art will recognize that
base structure 36 comprises part of the flow loop about which the refrigerant fluid circulates. The apparatus is configured such that expansion of the refrigerant fluid occurs in the downstream portion of the flow loop to produce a desired temperature drop. The manner in which refrigerant expansion occurs depends on the particular design. For example, expansion may occur across the combination ofcapillary tube 34 and the internal flow passages ofbase structure 36. - In presently preferred embodiments, expansion may also occur at a
controllable valve 38 positioned betweentube 34 and inlet of the respective thermal head evaporators. In this case, each of thevalves 38 is constructed having avalve housing 40 in which avalve element 42 is located. As described in copending application Ser. No. 09/871,526, incorporated herein by reference,valve element 42 functions to meter refrigerant fluid into the corresponding thermal head in a manner that achieves precise temperature control. - One skilled in the art will appreciate that a refrigeration system may be constructed comprising a thermal compressor plus liquid pump (i.e., a condenser at some temperature and therefore pressure below the saturation pressure of the vapor returning from the thermal head is connected to the return line). The vapor condenses in the condenser, then the liquid is pumped with an ordinary liquid pump to generate a pressure difference to help drive the delivery of the liquid to the thermal head. This could be depicted in
FIG. 1 by replacingcompressor 22 with a condenser andcondenser 24 with a liquid pump. In situations where this arrangement can be used, significant energy savings over the arrangement shown in the drawing may be possible. - Also, a refrigeration effect can be achieved by warming the refrigerant, rather than just evaporating it. Generally, there are two effects for cooling: first, by change of state from liquid to gas (latent heating), and second, by warming the gas from some cooler temperature to some warmer temperature (sensible heating). Both effects may be employed in the thermal head, depending on thermal load conditions of the electronic device, although from latent cooling one can get significantly higher cooling effect per unit of refrigerant circulated within some allowable temperature variation.
- Referring now to
FIGS. 2A and 2B , a controllable mechanism is preferably provided to movethermal heads 20 into engagement withrespective devices 12. While a variety of different types of mechanisms may be utilized for this purpose (e.g., electromechanical), the illustrated embodiment utilizes anexpandable bladder 44 to reliably and accurately move thethermal heads 20 into position. As can be seen,bladder 44 is mounted within ahousing 46 so as to form achamber 48. In this case,bladder 44 is a composite having aflexible sheet 50 mated to asemirigid sheet 52. - As indicated by
arrow 54, pressurized gas such as “dry” air is introduced intochamber 48. The resulting expansion ofbladder 44 causessemirigid sheet 52 to push against all of therespective valve housings 40 simultaneously. The configuration offlexible sheet 50 permitssemirigid sheet 52 to remain substantially horizontal during this expansion. As a result,thermal heads 20 are moved from their retracted position (FIG. 2A ) into an extended position (FIG. 2B ) engagingdevices 12 with a controllable force. - Certain additional features of the apparatus will now be described with reference to
FIGS. 3A and 3B . As shown inFIG. 3A ,thermal head 20 is juxtaposed tobase structure 36 in the retracted position. As shown inFIG. 3B , however,thermal head 20 is spaced apart from the static portion ofbase structure 36 in the extended position. Toward this end,base structure 36 includes arespective mount portion 56 to which eachthermal head 20 is attached.Mount portion 56 is supported by acorresponding isolation arrangement 58 which permits the downward movement ofthermal head 20. - In the illustrated embodiment,
isolation arrangement 58 is formed as a planar spring that will be in planar alignment with the static portion ofbase structure 36 in the retracted position. Thus, these elements are “hidden” in the side view ofFIG. 3A . -
Isolation arrangement 58 also allowsthermal head 20 to “float” with respect to the static portion ofbase structure 36. This ensures co-planarity betweenthermal head 20 anddevice 12 despite some variation between their respective planar orientation. More effective thermal engagement (and thus heat transfer) betweendevice 12 andthermal head 20 is thereby facilitated. - Referring now to
FIG. 4 ,base structure 36 may be constructed having a plurality of generally planar layers juxtaposed to one another. The multilayer construction permits flow passages for the refrigerant fluid to be easily formed within the interior ofbase structure 36. For example, the illustrated embodiment includes anintermediate layer 60 sandwiched between atop layer 62 and abottom layer 64.Intermediate layer 60 is configured to define the flow passages for ingress and egress of refrigerant fluid (indicated at 66 and 67, respectively). The layers ofbase structure 36 may be made of any suitable material, such as stainless steel. In embodiments where the layers are constructed of sheet metal, a brazing technique may be used to join them together. - A series of
slots 68 are defined throughbase structure 36 in order to formmount portion 56 andisolation arrangement 58.Slots 68 thus form respectiveflexible arms 69 making up the planar spring. - Referring now also to
FIGS. 5A-5C , the specific configuration oflayers central hole 70 through which refrigerant fluid fromvalve element 42 passes into theflow passages 26 ofthermal head 20.Top layer 62 further defines ahole 72 aligned with theterminal portion 74 of inlet passage 66 (defined in intermediate layer 60). As a result, refrigerant fluid conducted along the inlet passage will pass throughhole 72,valve element 42 and then down throughhole 70. After traversingflow passage 26 ofthermal head 20, the refrigerant fluid will exitthermal head 20 through exhaust holes 76 a-b inbottom layer 64. Exhaust holes 76 a-b are aligned with the terminal portions 78 a-b of exhaust passages 67 (also defined in intermediate layer 60). Significantly, it can be seen thatinlet passage 66 andexhaust passages 67 extend alongflexible arms 69. - Referring now to
FIGS. 6-8 , analternative base structure 80 is illustrated. In this case,base structure 80 is formed of atop layer 82 and abottom layer 84 rather than a three layer structure as described above. Because there is no intermediate layer, the fluid passages are formed by grooves defined in one or both of the two layers. For example, it can be seen inFIG. 8 thatinlet passage 86 is formed by agroove 87 intop layer 82. Otherwise, the construction ofbase structure 80 may be substantially similar to that ofbase structure 36. - In some cases, the base structure can be configured having an integral valve for each of the thermal heads, rather than an external mounted valve as described above. As shown in
FIG. 6 , for example,inlet passage 86 has a widenedportion 88 at a selected location. Referring now toFIG. 7A ,portion 88 will be normally opened to allow flow of refrigerant fluid. When a downward force is applied, however, as indicated byarrow 90 ofFIG. 7B , the inlet flow passage will be pinched off at this location. As a result, the flow of refrigerant fluid can be modulated to control the temperature of the associated thermal head. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, a suitable mechanism is provided to actuate the valve. -
FIG. 9 illustrates abase structure 92 constructed in accordance with the present invention. In this case, the isolation arrangement is formed by aslot 94 defining a spiral of decreasing radius.Slot 94 thus produces an isolation arrangement having a singleflexible arm 96 rather than multiple flexible arms as illustrated in the previous embodiments. As shown inFIG. 10 , ingress and egress of refrigerant fluid is provided by a pair offluid passages arm 96. - It can be seen that the present invention provides apparatus for maintaining an electronic device at a selected temperature. While preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, modifications and variations may be made thereto by those of skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. For example, the cooled portion of the thermal head is configured as an evaporator in the above-described embodiments. Embodiments are also contemplated, however, in which a chilled liquid is circulated through the thermal head. Those of ordinary skill in the art will also appreciate that the foregoing description is by way of example only, and is not intended to be limitative of the invention so further described in the appended claims.
Claims (45)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/616,106 US6975028B1 (en) | 2003-03-19 | 2003-07-09 | Thermal apparatus for engaging electronic device |
JP2006507210A JP2006523838A (en) | 2003-03-19 | 2004-03-16 | Thermal device that engages electronic devices |
PCT/US2004/007890 WO2004086827A2 (en) | 2003-03-19 | 2004-03-16 | Thermal apparatus for engaging electronic device |
KR1020057017649A KR20050115922A (en) | 2003-03-19 | 2004-03-16 | Thermal apparatus for engaging electronic device |
EP04721069A EP1611610A4 (en) | 2003-03-19 | 2004-03-16 | Thermal apparatus for engaging electronic device |
CR8043A CR8043A (en) | 2003-03-19 | 2005-10-13 | THERMAL DEVICE FOR AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US45577103P | 2003-03-19 | 2003-03-19 | |
US10/616,106 US6975028B1 (en) | 2003-03-19 | 2003-07-09 | Thermal apparatus for engaging electronic device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US6975028B1 US6975028B1 (en) | 2005-12-13 |
US20050280144A1 true US20050280144A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 |
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US10/616,106 Expired - Lifetime US6975028B1 (en) | 2003-03-19 | 2003-07-09 | Thermal apparatus for engaging electronic device |
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US (1) | US6975028B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1611610A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2006523838A (en) |
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CR (1) | CR8043A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004086827A2 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2004086827A2 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
JP2006523838A (en) | 2006-10-19 |
EP1611610A2 (en) | 2006-01-04 |
US6975028B1 (en) | 2005-12-13 |
WO2004086827A3 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
CR8043A (en) | 2006-05-31 |
KR20050115922A (en) | 2005-12-08 |
EP1611610A4 (en) | 2006-09-06 |
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