US20050257575A1 - Washing machine with detection device - Google Patents

Washing machine with detection device Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050257575A1
US20050257575A1 US11/063,870 US6387005A US2005257575A1 US 20050257575 A1 US20050257575 A1 US 20050257575A1 US 6387005 A US6387005 A US 6387005A US 2005257575 A1 US2005257575 A1 US 2005257575A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
case
washing machine
vibrator member
water tub
pressure sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/063,870
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English (en)
Inventor
Young Kang
Tai Kim
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Samsung Electronics Co Ltd filed Critical Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Assigned to SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. reassignment SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KANG, YOUNG HOON, KIM, TAI EUN
Publication of US20050257575A1 publication Critical patent/US20050257575A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F39/00—Details of washing machines not specific to a single type of machines covered by groups D06F9/00 - D06F27/00 
    • D06F39/08—Liquid supply or discharge arrangements
    • D06F39/087—Water level measuring or regulating devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
    • A44C27/00—Making jewellery or other personal adornments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
    • A44C11/00—Watch chains; Ornamental chains
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
    • A44C15/00—Other forms of jewellery
    • A44C15/0045—Jewellery specially adapted to be worn on a specific part of the body not fully provided for in groups A44C1/00 - A44C9/00
    • A44C15/005—Necklaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21L—MAKING METAL CHAINS
    • B21L11/00—Making chains or chain links of special shape
    • B21L11/005—Making ornamental chains
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F34/00—Details of control systems for washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F34/14—Arrangements for detecting or measuring specific parameters
    • D06F34/16—Imbalance
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2103/18—Washing liquid level
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2103/26—Imbalance; Noise level

Definitions

  • An apparatus consistent with the present invention relates to a washing machine and, more particularly, to a washing machine comprising a combined detecting device capable of detecting not only a water level, but also a vibration in the washing machine.
  • a washing machine comprises a water level sensor adapted to detect the level of wash water supplied in a water tub during wash and rinse cycles, and a vibration sensor adapted to detect a vibration of the water tub generated during a high-speed spin-dry cycle.
  • a water level sensor enables the control of water supply operation of the washing machine according to the detected water level in the water tub, and the vibration sensor permits the control of operation in such a fashion that the washing machine is stopped at the time the vibration sensor detects excessive vibration generated in the washing machine.
  • a sensor adapted to detect not only a water level, but also a vibration in a washing machine, has been developed in the related fields.
  • One example of such a sensor is disclosed in Korean Patent No. 10-338262 (published on May 27, 2002).
  • the disclosed sensor for detecting both a water level and a vibration of a washing machine comprises, water level detecting elements of a diaphragm, a core, a case, and a coil.
  • the diaphragm is deformable by variation of a pneumatic pressure depending on the water level in the washing machine, and the core is displaceable according to variation in the shape of the diaphragm.
  • the case is configured to enclose the diaphragm and a core holder, and the coil is installed in the case to surround the core such that it can detect the displacement of the core.
  • the core is displaced inside the coil, thereby enabling detection of the water level through inductance variation.
  • the disclosed sensor includes vibration detecting elements comprising a vibration detector which defines a predetermined space in one side of the coil and has an inclined surface, and a rolling member movably installed in the vibration detector.
  • vibration detecting elements comprising a vibration detector which defines a predetermined space in one side of the coil and has an inclined surface, and a rolling member movably installed in the vibration detector.
  • the above described sensor although it takes the form of a single unit capable of detecting both the water level and vibration of the washing machine, it comprises the diaphragm, core, coil, etc., as elements used only to detect the water level, and the vibration detector having the inclined surface and the rolling member, as elements used only to detect the vibration, resulting in an increase in the number of overall elements, and a complicated structure.
  • a conventional sensor is difficult to manufacture, and exhibits high manufacturing costs.
  • the sensor can detect the vibration of the washing machine only through movement of the rolling member induced when the vibration is generated, and this makes it difficult to detect the presence and magnitude of fine vibrations.
  • Illustrative, non-limiting embodiments of the present invention overcome the above disadvantages and other disadvantages not described above. Also, the present invention is not required to overcome the disadvantages described above, and an illustrative, non-limiting embodiment of the present invention may not overcome any of the problems described above.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above mentioned problems, and an aspect of the invention is to provide a washing machine comprising a combined detecting device, which can detect both a water level and a vibration of the washing machine, and exhibit easy manufacture and competitive manufacturing costs by virtue of a simplified structure thereof.
  • Another aspect of the invention is to provide a washing machine comprising a combined detecting device capable of accurately detecting the presence and magnitude of fine vibrations.
  • An apparatus consistent with an aspect of the present invention provides a washing machine comprising a water tub adapted to contain wash water, a washing device adapted to wash laundry contained in the water tub, and a combined detecting device which detects both a water level and vibration of the water tub, the combined detecting device comprising: a case coupled to the water tub and having an inlet for use in the passage of air; a pressure pipe connected between a lower portion of the water tub and the inlet of the case; a pressure sensor which detects pressure variation in the case; and a vibrator member reciprocably installed in the case and which induces the pressure variation in the case during generation of the vibration.
  • the pressure sensor may be installed at an opposite side of the inlet of the case.
  • the vibrator member may include: a flexible connector member which connects an outer periphery of the vibrator member to an inner peripheral surface of the case in a substantially air-tight manner, and to permit reciprocation of the vibrator member; and a through-hole perforated through the vibrator member.
  • the vibrator member may be installed in the case between the inlet of the case and the pressure sensor.
  • the combined detecting device further comprises: an outlet formed at the case at an opposite side of the inlet; and a connection pipe connected between the outlet and the pressure sensor and which allows the pressure sensor to detect the pressure variation transmitted through the outlet.
  • the pressure sensor may be a piezoelectric element.
  • the combined detecting device may further comprise an amplification circuit which amplifies an electric signals outputted from the pressure sensor.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view illustrating a washing machine in accordance with a first exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 2 a sectional view illustrating a combined detecting device for use in the washing machine in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating pressure variation of the combined detecting device depending on vibration generated in the washing machine
  • FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating pressure variation of the combined detecting device depending on the rising of a water level in the washing machine
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view illustrating a second exemplary embodiment of the combined detecting device of the washing machine.
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view illustrating an example wherein an exemplary embodiment of the combined detecting device is applied to a drum-type washing machine.
  • the washing machine of a first exemplary embodiment comprises a water tub 11 installed in a body case 10 and adapted to contain wash water, and a washing tub 12 rotatably installed in the water tub 11 .
  • the water tub 11 is supported at a lower exterior side thereof by means of suspension devices 13 .
  • the washing machine further comprises a water supply device 14 having a water supply pipe 14 a and a water supply valve 14 b mounted at an upper portion of the water tub 11 for supplying the wash water into the water tub 11 , and a drainage device 15 having a drainage pipe 15 a and a drainage valve 15 b mounted at a lower portion of the water tub 11 for discharging the wash water received in the water tub 11 to the outside.
  • a pulsator 16 which is rotatable forward or reverse to produce wash water streams.
  • a driving device comprises a driving motor 17 for generating rotation power upon receiving a power-supply voltage, a power transmission mechanism 18 for selectively transmitting the rotation power of the driving motor 17 to one or both of the pulsator 16 and the washing tub 12 , and a belt 19 used as a power transmission medium connected between the driving motor 17 and the power transmission mechanism 18 .
  • the washing machine of the first exemplary embodiment further comprises a combined detecting device 20 which is adapted to detect a water level in the water tub 11 in order to keep the water level at an appropriate value conforming to the amount of laundry contained in the washing tub 12 during a wash cycle, and to detect a vibration of the water tub 11 .
  • the combined detecting device 20 comprises a case 21 mounted at an upper exterior side of the water tub 11 , the case 21 internally defining a pressure space 22 and having an inlet 21 a and an outlet 21 b formed at opposite sides of the case 21 , and a pressure pipe 23 connected between a lower portion of the water tub 11 and the inlet 21 a of the case 21 .
  • a lower end of the pressure pipe 23 is connected to the lower portion of the water tub 11 such that it communicates with the interior of the water tub 11 for allowing the wash water filled in the water tub 11 to be introduced into the pressure pipe 23 .
  • the combined detecting device 20 further comprises a sensor case 25 connected to the outlet 21 b of the case 21 by means of a connection pipe 24 , and a pressure sensor 26 installed in the sensor case 25 .
  • the pressure sensor 26 can detect variation in the water level of the water tub 11 from the transmitted pressure.
  • the pressure sensor 26 is preferably, but not necessarily, a conventional piezoelectric element adapted to convert pressure variation into electric signals, such that a control unit 100 of the washing machine can recognize a detected pressure from the electric signals.
  • the electric signals outputted from the pressure sensor 26 are amplified through an amplification circuit 40 , and then is transmitted to the control unit 100 .
  • the combined detecting device 20 can detect a vibration transmitted from the water tub 11 to the case 21 .
  • the combined detecting device 20 further comprises a vibrator member 27 , which is reciprocably installed in the pressure space 22 of the case 21 .
  • the vibrator member 27 may have a prescribed weight, and can take the form of a disk having an outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the case 21 .
  • the vibrator member 27 is supported in the case 21 using a connector member 28 .
  • the connector member 28 is flexibly deformable to such an extent that it connects an outer periphery of the vibrator member 27 to an inner peripheral surface of the case 21 in an air-tight manner, and that it permits reciprocating movements of the vibrator member 27 .
  • the vibrator member 27 is centrally perforated with a through-hole 29 for allowing the internal pressure of the case 21 , generated by the variation of the water level in the water tub 11 , to be transmitted to the pressure sensor 26 .
  • the vibrator member 27 is preferably, but not necessarily, made of rubber or resin having a prescribed thickness
  • the connector member 28 is preferably, but not necessarily, made of a thin rubber film exhibiting a good flexibility.
  • the vibrator member 27 installed inside the case 21 reciprocates, causing the pressure variation in the pressure space 22 of the case 21 .
  • the pressure sensor 26 detects such a pressure variance, thereby detecting the vibration of the water tub 11 . That is, since the amplitude and vibration frequency of the vibrator member 27 is proportional to the vibration of the water tub 11 , and the pressure variance in the case 21 is proportional to the amplitude and vibration frequency of the vibrator member 27 , the pressure sensor 26 detects the pressure variance inside the case 21 , thereby being capable of detecting the vibration of the water tub 11 .
  • the pressure variance inside the case 21 exhibits a feature as shown in FIG. 3 . That is, during generation of the vibration, the pressure variance inside the case 21 according to reciprocation of the vibrator member 27 increases, resulting in excessive change of the electric signals outputted from the pressure sensor 26 . This enables the pressure sensor 26 to accurately detect the presence and magnitude of the vibration.
  • the electric signals outputted from the pressure sensor 26 are transmitted to the control unit 100 of the washing machine after being amplified by the amplification circuit 40 , enabling more accurate detection of the vibration.
  • the center through-hole 29 of the vibrator member 27 allows the interior spaces of the case 21 divided by the vibrator member 27 to communicate with each other.
  • the internal pressure of the case 21 which is variable according to the water level in the water tub 11 , is transmitted to the pressure sensor 26 through the through-hole 29 , such that the pressure sensor 26 can detect the water level in the water tub 11 .
  • the internal pressure of the case 21 is raised in proportion to the rising of the water level, and the electric signals outputted from the pressure sensor 26 are proportionally raised, enabling detection of the water level.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a second exemplary embodiment of the combined detecting device of the washing machine.
  • a combined detecting device 30 of the present exemplary embodiment comprises a pressure sensor 32 adapted to detect an internal pressure of a case 31 .
  • the pressure sensor 32 is installed in the case 31 at a position opposite to an inlet 31 a of the case 31 .
  • the configuration of a vibrator member 33 and a pressure pipe 34 , as well as a principle for detecting both the water level and the vibration of the washing machine are the same as the above embodiment, thus a description thereof will be omitted.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an example wherein an exemplary embodiment of the combined detecting device according to the present invention is applied in a conventional drum-type washing machine.
  • the combined detecting device which is designated as reference numeral 40 , comprises a case 41 installed on a drum-type water tub 52 , and a sensor case 43 fixed to an inner top surface of a body case 51 of the drum-type washing machine and having a pressure sensor 42 .
  • a pressure pipe 44 is connected between a bottom of the drum-type water tub 52 and the case 41 installed on the drum-type water tub 52 such that a lower end of the pressure pipe 44 communicates with the interior of the drum-type water tub 52 , and an upper end thereof communicates with the interior of the case 41 .
  • Other configurations and a principle of detecting both the vibration and the water level of the washing machine are the same as the above embodiments, and thus will be omitted hereinafter.
  • a washing machine comprises a combined detecting device capable of detecting both a water level and a vibration of the washing machine, which features a simplified structure compared to the prior art, thereby being easily manufactured and installed to the washing machine, and achieving a reduction in manufacturing costs thereof.
  • a pressure sensor can detect the water level by detecting pressure variation inside a case transmitted through a through-hole of a vibrator member, and also can detect the vibration by detecting the pressure variation caused by reciprocation of the vibrator member, thereby enabling accurate detection of the presence and magnitude of fine vibrations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Control Of Washing Machine And Dryer (AREA)
  • Detail Structures Of Washing Machines And Dryers (AREA)
US11/063,870 2004-05-21 2005-02-24 Washing machine with detection device Abandoned US20050257575A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020040036204A KR20050111660A (ko) 2004-05-21 2004-05-21 세탁기
KR2004-36204 2004-05-21

Publications (1)

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US20050257575A1 true US20050257575A1 (en) 2005-11-24

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US11/063,870 Abandoned US20050257575A1 (en) 2004-05-21 2005-02-24 Washing machine with detection device

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US (1) US20050257575A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1598466A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP4044098B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR20050111660A (zh)
CN (1) CN1699673A (zh)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070006619A1 (en) * 2005-06-17 2007-01-11 Johann Schenkl Device for detecting the unbalance of a rotatable component of a domestic appliance
US20090241271A1 (en) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-01 Whirlpool Corporation Method for determining load size and/or setting water level in a washing machine
US20090241270A1 (en) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-01 Whirlpool Corporation Method for determining load size and/or setting water level in a washing machine
US20100024490A1 (en) * 2008-07-30 2010-02-04 Whirlpool Corporation Method and apparatus for determining load size in a washing machine
WO2011075331A1 (en) 2009-12-18 2011-06-23 Alcon, Inc. Intraocular devices and associated methods
US20130118210A1 (en) * 2011-11-11 2013-05-16 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Washing machine having vibration reducing apparatus and vibration reducing method using the same
US20150240406A1 (en) * 2014-02-21 2015-08-27 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Washing machine with ball balancer and method of controlling vibration reduction thereof
CN106609434A (zh) * 2015-10-26 2017-05-03 杨廷说 一种搅拌装置及其组装成的便携式充电洗衣桶
US10017038B2 (en) * 2015-08-05 2018-07-10 Xiaohui Chen Turbojet automobile

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101221463B1 (ko) * 2006-12-20 2013-01-11 주식회사 대우일렉트로닉스 진동 수위 감지장치 및 이를 구비하는 드럼세탁기
WO2010076148A1 (en) * 2008-12-30 2010-07-08 Arcelik Anonim Sirketi A washing machine comprising an air trap
ITTO20091034A1 (it) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-24 Indesit Co Spa Macchina per il trattamento di panni comprendente un pressostato in particolare un pressostato lineare.
ITTO20110422A1 (it) * 2011-05-12 2012-11-13 Elbi Int Spa Dispositivo trasduttore elettrodinamico di posizione, e macchina lavatrice comprendente un tale dispositivo
EP2767631B1 (en) * 2013-02-15 2017-05-17 Electrolux Appliances Aktiebolag Laundry washing machine with improved level sensing device

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US4835991A (en) * 1987-12-24 1989-06-06 Whirlpool Corporation Automatic water level control system for an automatic washer
US6336348B1 (en) * 1999-02-25 2002-01-08 Lg Electronics Inc. Sensor for detecting both water level and vibration in washing machine
US20050047940A1 (en) * 2003-08-29 2005-03-03 Ikuichiro Nawa Pump provided with exaust valve device and hemodynamometer incorporating the same

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GB2236332B (en) * 1989-09-25 1994-04-13 Toshiba Kk Clothes washing machine
DE19549526C2 (de) * 1995-06-23 1999-02-11 Miele & Cie Verfahren zur Steuerung des Schleuderprozesses einer Waschmaschine
DE19616635B4 (de) * 1996-04-26 2007-09-27 AEG Hausgeräte GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Unwuchterfassung einer Waschmaschine
IT1293962B1 (it) * 1997-08-11 1999-03-15 Elbi Int Spa Macchina operatrice ed utilizzo di un trasduttore di pressione in una macchina operatrice.
DE10110854C5 (de) * 2000-04-07 2010-03-04 Miele & Cie. Kg Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Unwucht in einer Trommelwaschmaschine
DE10141195A1 (de) * 2001-08-22 2003-03-06 Aeg Hausgeraete Gmbh Verfahren zur Erfassung einer Unwucht bei einer Waschmaschine sowie Waschmaschine mit einem Laugenbehälter

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4835991A (en) * 1987-12-24 1989-06-06 Whirlpool Corporation Automatic water level control system for an automatic washer
US6336348B1 (en) * 1999-02-25 2002-01-08 Lg Electronics Inc. Sensor for detecting both water level and vibration in washing machine
US20050047940A1 (en) * 2003-08-29 2005-03-03 Ikuichiro Nawa Pump provided with exaust valve device and hemodynamometer incorporating the same

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070006619A1 (en) * 2005-06-17 2007-01-11 Johann Schenkl Device for detecting the unbalance of a rotatable component of a domestic appliance
US7926313B2 (en) * 2005-06-17 2011-04-19 Emz-Hanauer Gmbh & Co., Kgaa Device for detecting the unbalance of a rotatable component of a domestic appliance
US7930786B2 (en) 2008-03-31 2011-04-26 Whirlpool Corporation Method for determining load size and/or setting water level in a washing machine
US20090241271A1 (en) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-01 Whirlpool Corporation Method for determining load size and/or setting water level in a washing machine
US20090241270A1 (en) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-01 Whirlpool Corporation Method for determining load size and/or setting water level in a washing machine
US7930787B2 (en) 2008-03-31 2011-04-26 Whirlpool Corporation Method for determining load size and/or setting water level in a washing machine
US20100024490A1 (en) * 2008-07-30 2010-02-04 Whirlpool Corporation Method and apparatus for determining load size in a washing machine
US8245342B2 (en) 2008-07-30 2012-08-21 Whirlpool Corporation Method for determining load size in a washing machine
WO2011075331A1 (en) 2009-12-18 2011-06-23 Alcon, Inc. Intraocular devices and associated methods
US20130118210A1 (en) * 2011-11-11 2013-05-16 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Washing machine having vibration reducing apparatus and vibration reducing method using the same
US20150240406A1 (en) * 2014-02-21 2015-08-27 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Washing machine with ball balancer and method of controlling vibration reduction thereof
US10066333B2 (en) * 2014-02-21 2018-09-04 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Washing machine with ball balancer and method of controlling vibration reduction thereof
US10017038B2 (en) * 2015-08-05 2018-07-10 Xiaohui Chen Turbojet automobile
CN106609434A (zh) * 2015-10-26 2017-05-03 杨廷说 一种搅拌装置及其组装成的便携式充电洗衣桶

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20050111660A (ko) 2005-11-28
EP1598466A1 (en) 2005-11-23
JP4044098B2 (ja) 2008-02-06
CN1699673A (zh) 2005-11-23
JP2005329230A (ja) 2005-12-02

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AS Assignment

Owner name: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD., KOREA, REPUBLIC OF

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KANG, YOUNG HOON;KIM, TAI EUN;REEL/FRAME:016321/0961

Effective date: 20041205

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: EXPRESSLY ABANDONED -- DURING PUBLICATION PROCESS