US20050214500A1 - System and method for reducing sound transmission - Google Patents

System and method for reducing sound transmission Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050214500A1
US20050214500A1 US10/496,199 US49619905A US2005214500A1 US 20050214500 A1 US20050214500 A1 US 20050214500A1 US 49619905 A US49619905 A US 49619905A US 2005214500 A1 US2005214500 A1 US 2005214500A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
substrate
sound transmission
floor
resilient layer
integer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/496,199
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert Hallows
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fletcher Building Holdings Ltd
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Fletcher Building Holdings Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fletcher Building Holdings Ltd filed Critical Fletcher Building Holdings Ltd
Assigned to FLETCHER BUILDING HOLDINGS LIMITED reassignment FLETCHER BUILDING HOLDINGS LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HALLOWS, ROBERT MALCOLM
Publication of US20050214500A1 publication Critical patent/US20050214500A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
    • E04F15/20—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors for sound insulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • B32B7/022—Mechanical properties
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B1/86—Sound-absorbing elements slab-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
    • E04F15/20—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors for sound insulation
    • E04F15/206—Layered panels for sound insulation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to sound transmission reduction in building constructions and particularly but not exclusively to sound transmission through concrete floors.
  • a particular problem is in respect of relatively low frequency, and in the case of hard floor surfaces high frequency, sound transmission through the floors of a building.
  • a known method of reducing interfloor sound transmission involves the use of a relatively thick resilient layer, often rubber, beneath the floor covering.
  • a relatively thick resilient layer often rubber
  • previous systems all suffer from disadvantages relating to their total thickness, acoustic performance and/or suitability for use with all common types of floor coverings.
  • some of the prior art systems are unsuitable for use with relatively rigid and brittle coverings such as ceramic tiles.
  • Australian patent AU 403,047 describes a laminate comprising a polyvinylaromatic resin bonded to a wood chip board upper layer.
  • chip board may provide an unsuitable surface for many floor coverings, including ceramic tiles or vinyl. Even if a further layer is added between the chip board layer and the tiles, the chip board may require a surface treatment and/or a further stabilisation layer to be added, which may increase the cost and the time required for installation.
  • WO 98/21027 describes a sound absorbing resilient layer comprising a rubber underlay, preferably manufactured from recycled tyres, with a grooved lower surface.
  • the resilient layer is preferably between 11/64′′ ( ⁇ 4.4 mm) and 3′′ ( ⁇ 76 mm), and most preferably between 3 ⁇ 8′′ ( ⁇ 9.5 mm) and 1′′ ( ⁇ 25.4 mm).
  • the grooves in the resilient layer are intended to enhance the sound attenuating properties of the resilient layer by limiting the contact area with the sub-floor.
  • This system may be relatively thick. This may be undesirable as the total height of each living space incorporating the resilient layer must be increased to ensure that regulations regarding ceiling to floor spacing are complied with. This may increase the cost of buildings such as multi-story apartment blocks. Where a maximum building envelope limit is imposed, thicker overlays can reduce the number of levels for rent. From an occupant and designer perspective, there is often resistance to thicker overlays because a small step results where the thick overlay is installed beneath hard surfaces, but not beneath carpet. This may result in unsatisfactory aesthetics and may compromise safety.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,968,630 describes a laminate which includes a combination of a low density polyethylene foam and low density polyethylene film which is loose laid on a concrete sub-floor. A wooden laminate flooring is installed over the polyethylene layers. The system is intended to help smooth irregularities in the sub-floor and to introduce a measure of resilience to the floor as a whole.
  • the upper layer may be too flexible to allow rigid floor coverings such as ceramic tiles to be used without a risk of cracking, and may therefore only be suitable for flexible floor coverings such a vinyl or rubber tiles.
  • the flexible floor may lack a solid feel which many people may prefer.
  • the foam may also compress locally under high pressure loading, such as that provided by some furniture, thereby reducing the acoustic performance of the system. Even if the foam is not compressed in this way, the acoustic performance of the system may not be sufficient for some applications.
  • EP 864,712 describes a simple sound rubber mat which reduces the noise produced by an upper timber floor. This system may suffer from the problems associated with a lack of rigidity common to systems which use a timber upper surface, as described above.
  • EP 829,588 describes a board suitable for covering a floor or wall which is manufactured from a mixture of rubber scrap and expanded polystyrene.
  • a sound transmission reduction system for use between a floor or other integer of a building construction and a suitable covering for said floor or other integer includes;
  • said substrate may be between 4 mm and 14 mm thick.
  • said substrate may be between 6 mm thick and 14 mm thick.
  • said substrate may be substantially 6.5 mm thick.
  • said substrate may have a modulus of elasticity of between 3 GPa and 18 GPa.
  • said substrate may have a modulus of elasticity of substantially 7 GPa.
  • said substrate may have a modulus of rupture of between 5 MPa and 25 MPa.
  • said substrate may have a modulus of rupture of substantially 11 MPa.
  • said resilient material may be between 2 mm and 10 mm thick.
  • said resilient material may be between 2 mm and 3 mm thick.
  • said resilient material may be substantially 3 mm thick.
  • said resilient layer may have a density of between 20 kg/m 3 and 150 kg/m 3 .
  • said resilient layer may have a density of substantially 75 kg/m 3 .
  • said resilient layer may be a polyolefin.
  • said resilient layer may be a foamed polyethylene.
  • said substrate may be gypsum fibreboard.
  • the total thickness of said system may be less than 11 mm.
  • said sound transmission reduction system may have a point load failure test result, as herein defined, of at least 1.5 kN.
  • said sound transmission reduction system may have a point load failure test result, as herein defined, of at least 1.8 kN.
  • said substrate may include a plurality of sheets, with adjacent edges of said sheets glued together to form butt joints.
  • a method of reducing sound transmission through a floor or other integer of a building construction includes:
  • the method may include the step of securing a suitable covering to said substrate on an opposite side to said resilient layer.
  • the method may include the step of securing said single resilient layer to said floor or other integer by means of a contact adhesive.
  • the method may include the step of securing said substrate to said single resilient layer by means of a contact adhesive.
  • said resilient material may be a polyolefin.
  • said resilient material may be a foamed polyethylene.
  • said substrate may be formed by a plurality of sheets of gypsum fibreboard, fibre cement or hard board, the method including the step of gluing adjacent edges of said sheets together to form butt joints.
  • said substrate may be gypsum fibreboard.
  • a sound transmission reduction system and/or a method of reducing sound transmission is substantially as herein described with reference to FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 1 shows very diagrammatically a cross-sectional view through one possible embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows very diagrammatically a cross-sectional view through a joint in the embodiment of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 shows a graph of the performance of the present invention compared to a bare concrete slab
  • FIGS. 4 & 5 show graphs of the performance of the present invention compared with presently available floor coverings across a range of frequency
  • FIG. 6 shows a comparison of the present invention with other available floor coverings in respect of its impact insulation class (IIC).
  • FIG. 7 shows a graph comparing the point load failure of the present invention with other available systems.
  • IIC impact insulation class
  • Many such dwellings will have concrete floors, and the need to reduce impact sound transmitted through such floors is of particular concern.
  • Typical solutions to date have utilised multiple layers of various materials such as gypsum fibre and plywood, typically with the joints within the multi-layer system being staggered in order to provide additional strength.
  • Other solutions have incorporated thick layers of a resilient material such as glass wool or mineral wood mat typically being loose laid over a floor and relying on dead weight for placement. It will be appreciated that typically such present solutions have tended to be at least 30 mm thick, usually more.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 an embodiment of the present invention is shown very diagrammatically in cross-section and including in FIG. 2 the join between substrate sheets.
  • a single layer sheet material substrate 2 is provided, on which a suitable floor covering (not shown), for example ceramic floor tiles, vinyl, timber or any other suitable floor covering such as are well know to those skilled in the art, may be laid.
  • a suitable floor covering for example ceramic floor tiles, vinyl, timber or any other suitable floor covering such as are well know to those skilled in the art, may be laid.
  • the substrate 2 is not more than 14 mm thick, or preferably 4 mm to 14 mm thick and suitably 6.5 mm thick gypsum fibreboard, although other suitably light, strong, rigid and dimensionally stable materials such as fibre cement, hard board, plywood, stabilised reconstituted wood or the like may be used. Some of these substrates 2 , for example plywood, may be sufficiently hard wearing to allow the use of paint or polyurethane as a floor covering in areas which are not subject to high traffic.
  • the substrate may provide a Modulus of Elasticity of 3 Gpa to 18 Gpa and a Modulus of Rupture of between 5 Mpa to 25 Mpa, and more preferably a Modulus of Elasticity of substantially 7 GPa and a Modulus of Rupture of substantially 11 MPa.
  • An under surface of the substrate 2 is shown secured with a resilient layer 3 .
  • a layer of adhesive 4 may be provided across substantially all or merely part of the adjacent surfaces of the substrate 2 and the resilient layer 3 or may be by spot adhesive.
  • the adhesive layer 4 may suitably be a contact adhesive suitably with a less than 24 hour dry time.
  • the suitable adhesive may for example, be Bostik (trademark) 1181 contact adhesive.
  • Installers of the system may prefer to use gypsum fibreboard as the substrate 2 due to the ease with which its dimensions may be varied on site, suitably by the “score and snap” method, by which a sharp blade is pressed firmly and run across the face of the substrate 2 , and resilient layer 3 if already adhered to the substrate 2 , to cut the resilient layer 3 and score the substrate 2 . The edges of the substrate 2 furthest from either side of the cut are then brought together to snap the substrate 2 into two pieces.
  • Gypsum fibreboard may also be manufactured in suitable size sheets, typically in the order of 1800 mm ⁇ 1200 mm, which an installer may find particularly convenient as they are of such a size, shape and weight that they may be carried by a single person.
  • Gypsum fibreboard may also provide a suitable mounting surface for most common floor coverings, and in particular for rigid floor coverings such as ceramic tiles. Installation of the floor covering over gypsum fibreboard may be assisted by the fact that, due to the stiffness of the system, relatively shallow contours in the floor may be smoothed over rather than the substrate 2 following the contour of the floor as may occur in some systems of the prior art. This may improve the appearance of the floor covering.
  • the gypsum fibreboard may provide a pre-sealed surface onto which a suitable floor covering such as tiles may be affixed without further preparation of the surface.
  • the resilient layer 3 is relatively thin, not more than 10 mm thick, and preferably towards the lower end of that range, suitably of the order of 3 mm thick.
  • the resilient layer 3 may be a polyolefin with high resilience and with sufficiently low creep and with suitably high compressive strength.
  • the characteristics of the resilient material 3 would incorporate:
  • a suitable material may be a 3 mm layer of foamed polyethylene.
  • the resilient layer 3 is shown secured to a floor 5 , in this example illustrated as a concrete floor.
  • the securement of the resilient layer 3 to the floor 5 is by means of a further adhesive layer 6 .
  • the adhesive layer 6 utilises a water based trowellable adhesive with a short dry time, preferably less than 1 hour.
  • any suitable adhesive layer 6 may be used, such as urethane for example.
  • the Applicant has found that the choice of adhesive 6 does not impact on the acoustic performance of the invention provided the adhesive layer 6 is reasonably thin.
  • An important part of the present invention is the combination of a relatively thin resilient layer 3 with a suitably thin substrate 2 . If the resilient layer selected is too thick and/or of insufficient density and/or of insufficient compressive strength, then the resilient layer 3 may not provide sufficient support to the substrate 2 to accommodate in service loads. Additionally, an improper resilient layer 3 may result in the substrate 2 flexing sufficiently that cracking of floor coverings such as tiles, or telegraphing of imperfections to a vinyl surface, may occur. Deformation of the resilient layer 3 under localised loads may also significantly reduce the acoustic performance of the system.
  • a combination of a suitably dense, suitably thin resilient layer 3 with a suitable substrate 2 not only provides good serviceability, including sufficient strength, rigidity, dimensional stability and flatness, but also excellent impact sound insulation characteristics.
  • a high strength multi-purpose construction adhesive joint suitably with less than 24 hour dry time and with water resistance, is provided along the adjoining edges of the sheet 2 to create a butt type joint.
  • the joint 7 between the sheets 2 ensures that vertical loads are transferred across the substrate 2 and is also effective at helping to prevent the telegraphing of cracks across the substrate 2 .
  • the ability of the system to perform adequately with the joints 7 glued in this way avoids the need to use double layers of substrate 2 with overlapping joints, such as are common in the systems of the prior art. This may contribute to the ease and speed of installation of the system as well as keeping the overall thickness of the system to a minimum.
  • the graph shows the performance of the present invention, referred to herein as the GIB® sound barrier board concrete system or abbreviated as GSBC, as compared to a bare concrete slab with no ceiling.
  • GSBC sound barrier board concrete system
  • the sample tested used a 3 mm resilient polyethylene layer adhered to a concrete surface by a layer of adhesive.
  • the layer of adhesive around 0.5 mm-1 mm thick, was applied by a 3 mm deep notched trowel.
  • the resilient layer was pressed onto the adhesive.
  • a sheet of 6.5 mm gypsum fibreboard was adhered to the upper surface of the polyethylene layer via a layer of adhesive of less than about 0.2 mm, thereby providing a sound transmission reduction system of around 10.5 mm total thickness.
  • 300 mm ⁇ 300 mm ceramic tiles were adhered to the substrate with latex modified cementitious adhesive.
  • the tiles were spaced 3 mm apart, with the gaps grouted.
  • test sample of the present invention described above is compared with presently available systems utilising a bitumen-based mat and 5 mm and 10 mm shredded rubber mats. It would appear that the present invention performs well across the range of frequencies and better than the alternatives for some of the frequencies.
  • FIG. 7 shows point load failure results for the present invention and a number of systems of the prior art, each with two different tiles on their upper surface. All references herein to point load failure test results are with respect to tests carried out as described below with monocottura tiles having a Modulus of Rupture of 40 MPa.
  • the embodiment of the present invention tested used a 3 mm resilient layer and 6.5 mm substrate.
  • the examples of the prior art included an 11 mm thick bitumen mat, 5 mm thick shredded rubber mat, 5.5 mm thick shredded rubber mat and 5.1 mm thick bed of trowel-on acoustic adhesive.
  • test samples were prepared as follows.
  • Two 300 mm ⁇ 300 mm pieces of acoustic overlay were adhered to a concrete substrate using an adhesive specified by the manufacturer of the overlay.
  • the pieces of overlay were butt-jointed as per the manufacturers recommendations, with the exception of the acoustic adhesive which has no join.
  • the monocottura tiles had nominal 2.2% water absorption and Modulus of Rupture of 40 MPa.
  • the porcelain tiles had less than 0.2% water absorption and Modulus of Rupture of 54 MPA.
  • the specimens were allowed to cure for 11 days prior to testing.
  • the samples were loose laid on the base of an Instron (Trade Mark) universal testing machine.
  • Instron Trade Mark
  • a 25 mm diameter steel ball bearing was pressed onto the surface of the tiles at two points, at a distance of approximately 4 mm from the sealant and 100 mm from the outer edges of each tile.
  • the load cell was advanced towards the tiles at a rate of 4 mm/minute. Failure was registered as the load at which the tiling system was heard to crack, although a physical crack in the tile was not necessarily visible.
  • the present invention provided a superior point load failure strength of all the samples tested.
  • the point load failure test described above provides results which are representative of in-use serviceability, a higher test result indicating a better in-use serviceability.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention may provide a point load failure test result of at least 1.5 kN, or more preferably at least 1.8 kN, under the test conditions described above.
  • a single relatively thin substrate of gypsum fibreboard or the like, and a relatively thin layer of a resilient material such as foam polyethylene secured together and with the resilient layer secured to the floor of a building can surprisingly provide excellent impact sound transmission solution and provide an in-use serviceability load when covered with a typical floor covering such as ceramic tiles.
  • a typical floor covering such as ceramic tiles.
  • testing of the present invention has shown it to perform well in that regard.
  • the rigid substrate 2 is providing an effective load spreading across the surface of the resilient layer 3 .
  • the superior point load strength is being achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
US10/496,199 2001-11-22 2002-11-22 System and method for reducing sound transmission Abandoned US20050214500A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ515694A NZ515694A (en) 2001-11-22 2001-11-22 Sound transmission reduction system containing a rigid single layer substrate and a single resilient over layer
NZ515694 2001-11-22
PCT/NZ2002/000256 WO2003044295A1 (en) 2001-11-22 2002-11-22 System and method for reducing sound transmission

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20050214500A1 true US20050214500A1 (en) 2005-09-29

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US10/496,199 Abandoned US20050214500A1 (en) 2001-11-22 2002-11-22 System and method for reducing sound transmission

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20050214500A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP1458941A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JP2005509771A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NZ (1) NZ515694A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
WO (1) WO2003044295A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100018799A1 (en) * 2008-07-24 2010-01-28 Saint-Gobain Weber France Acoustic enhancement device for underlayment of a covering
US20100065543A1 (en) * 2008-09-16 2010-03-18 Ashish Dubey Heating system
US20140331584A1 (en) * 2013-05-13 2014-11-13 Victor Amend Dividing wall panel and method of manufacturing same
US9446723B2 (en) 2013-10-29 2016-09-20 Faurecia Interior Systems, Inc. Interior panels for motor vehicles and methods for making the interior panels
PL424626A1 (pl) * 2018-02-20 2019-08-26 Jachimowska Beata Root Bd Podkład pod podłogi DUO Fiber

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1024635C2 (nl) * 2003-10-28 2005-05-02 B P M Van Baar Parket Montage Ondervloertegel voor een parketvloer en werkwijze voor het leggen van een parketvloer.
PT103108A (pt) 2004-04-16 2004-12-31 Amorim Revestimentos S A Pavimento com isolamento de som e impacto e processo de fabrico do mesmo
CZ305894B6 (cs) * 2011-07-01 2016-04-27 Vysoké Učení Technické V Brně Stropní konstrukce opatřená podlahovou konstrukcí a způsob její montáže
EP2949832A1 (de) * 2014-05-27 2015-12-02 Ulrich Windmöller Consulting GmbH Trittschallplatte

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US5584950A (en) * 1993-11-12 1996-12-17 The Noble Company Sound insulating membrane
US5968630A (en) * 1997-02-11 1999-10-19 Tenneco Protective Packaging, Inc. Laminate film-foam flooring composition

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GB2306183B (en) * 1996-02-10 1997-11-19 Monarflex Ltd Improved acoustic insulating floor
DE29616127U1 (de) * 1996-09-17 1996-10-31 Wedi, Helmut, 48282 Emsdetten Halbzeug, nämlich Dämmplatte, insbesondere für einen Fußboden-, Decken- oder Wandaufbau
EP0864712B1 (de) * 1997-03-11 2001-11-14 Per Akustik AG Bodenbelag mit Schalldämmatte
DE10021966A1 (de) * 1999-06-04 2000-12-07 Wilfried Blocken Thermisch und akustisch isolierende Verkleidung für Gebäudeinnenflächen
US6613424B1 (en) * 1999-10-01 2003-09-02 Awi Licensing Company Composite structure with foamed cementitious layer

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5584950A (en) * 1993-11-12 1996-12-17 The Noble Company Sound insulating membrane
US5968630A (en) * 1997-02-11 1999-10-19 Tenneco Protective Packaging, Inc. Laminate film-foam flooring composition

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100018799A1 (en) * 2008-07-24 2010-01-28 Saint-Gobain Weber France Acoustic enhancement device for underlayment of a covering
EP2154313A1 (fr) 2008-07-24 2010-02-17 Saint-Gobain Weber France Dispositif d'amélioration acoustique pour sous-couche de revêtement
US8066097B2 (en) * 2008-07-24 2011-11-29 Saint-Gobain Weber France Acoustic enhancement device for underlayment of a covering
US20100065543A1 (en) * 2008-09-16 2010-03-18 Ashish Dubey Heating system
US20100065542A1 (en) * 2008-09-16 2010-03-18 Ashish Dubey Electrical heater with a resistive neutral plane
US8039774B2 (en) 2008-09-16 2011-10-18 United States Gypsum Company Electrical heater with a resistive neutral plane
US8618445B2 (en) 2008-09-16 2013-12-31 United States Gypsum Company Heating system
US20140331584A1 (en) * 2013-05-13 2014-11-13 Victor Amend Dividing wall panel and method of manufacturing same
US9446723B2 (en) 2013-10-29 2016-09-20 Faurecia Interior Systems, Inc. Interior panels for motor vehicles and methods for making the interior panels
PL424626A1 (pl) * 2018-02-20 2019-08-26 Jachimowska Beata Root Bd Podkład pod podłogi DUO Fiber

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002366107A1 (en) 2003-06-10
JP2005509771A (ja) 2005-04-14
WO2003044295A1 (en) 2003-05-30
EP1458941A1 (en) 2004-09-22
NZ515694A (en) 2004-08-27

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AS Assignment

Owner name: FLETCHER BUILDING HOLDINGS LIMITED, NEW ZEALAND

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HALLOWS, ROBERT MALCOLM;REEL/FRAME:016390/0718

Effective date: 20040624

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION