US20050205018A1 - Split ring casting for boiler tubes with protective shields - Google Patents
Split ring casting for boiler tubes with protective shields Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050205018A1 US20050205018A1 US10/802,474 US80247404A US2005205018A1 US 20050205018 A1 US20050205018 A1 US 20050205018A1 US 80247404 A US80247404 A US 80247404A US 2005205018 A1 US2005205018 A1 US 2005205018A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- halves
- tube
- tubes
- shields
- tube shields
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title abstract description 26
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
- F22B37/107—Protection of water tubes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S248/00—Supports
- Y10S248/901—Support having temperature or pressure responsive feature
Definitions
- the present invention relates, in general, to a series of pendant boiler tubes fitted with shields for protection from sootblower erosion, and to a rigid structure used to maintain these pendant boiler tubes in parallel alignment in a predetermined spaced-apart configuration. More particularly, it relates to a split ring casting structured to cooperate with the tube shields in protecting the pendant boiler tubes from sootblower erosion.
- boilers are designed to maximize the steam output with a minimum of fuel expended. This is accomplished through the maximization of the heat rate, i.e., fuel consumption, residence time in the heat transfer sections of the boiler, and maximization of the heat contact surfaces.
- the heat rate i.e., fuel consumption
- residence time in the heat transfer sections of the boiler and maximization of the heat contact surfaces.
- buildup, slagging, and fouling of the boiler tubes will increase the insulation effect on the tubes, which does not allow for effective thermal transfer. This requires more fuel to maintain an adequate steam output. It also causes higher velocity through the heat transfer tube sections. This, in essence, reduces the residence time of the convective heat against the heat transfer surfaces which deteriorates the thermal transfer efficiency and requires more fuel to maintain the desired steam output.
- Sootblowers which are used for on-line removal of fouling deposits from the boiler tube surfaces on a periodic basis.
- Sootblowers typically employ saturated steam, superheated steam, compressed air, water, or a combination thereof, as a blowing medium which is directed through a nozzle against encrustations of ash, slag, scale, and other fouling materials that are deposited on the heat exchange surfaces.
- Sootblowers of the retracting variety employ a long lance tube which is periodically advanced into and withdrawn from the boiler through a wall port, and is simultaneously rotated such that one or more blowing medium nozzles at the end of the lance tube project jets of blowing medium tracing helical paths.
- a protective device in the form of a shield is provided to prevent direct impingement of the outer surfaces of the tubes by the sootblower blowing medium while allowing the tubes to be cleaned of ash, slag, scale and other fouling deposits.
- the shield is normally comprised of an axially elongated member of arcuate cross section sized to fit over the outer surface of the tube to protect the portion of the tube which is impacted by the cleaning medium.
- the described shield works well in protecting the outer surfaces of the tubes from the high velocity and abrasive blowing medium, but a problem arises when it is used with vertically elongated tubes such as those forming pendant heat transfer surfaces, located in the boiler furnace and convection pass, and referred to in the industry as superheaters and reheaters whose respective inlet and outlet headers and major supports are housed in a section referred to in the industry as the penthouse, the latter being situated above the furnace and convection pass roof line.
- the pendant loops of these tubular heat transfer surfaces support themselves in simple tension and are subjected to stresses due to differences in expansion between the different loops since their average temperatures are different because the fluid flowing along the tubes from the inlet to the outlet header is being heated. Therefore, it is desirable and necessary to provide split ring castings to maintain the pendant tubes in parallel alignment and spaced with respect to each other.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 wherein like reference numerals denote like elements, there is shown a row of vertical lengths of essentially parallel boiler tubes 10 which are kept in alignment and spaced from each other by a rigid structure known in the industry as a split ring casting 12 which is comprised of two halves 14 that are scalloped or shaped with semicircular grooves to fit around portions of the boiler tubes 10 .
- the two halves are drawn together and clamped or fastened around the boiler tubes 10 by a cross-bar 18 to maintain the pendant tubes 10 in parallel alignment and spaced with respect to each other.
- a retainer shield 20 conforming to the external dimensions of the front end of the split ring casting 12 is welded thereto as indicated at weld area 22 , shown in FIG. 1 .
- the boiler tubes 10 are fitted with semi-cylindrical shaped tube shields 24 for protection against the abrasive impingement of the high velocity fluid cleaning medium being ejected from sootblower nozzles, not shown.
- the tube shields 24 are spaced from each other and cooperate with the outer surface of boiler tube 10 to form a recess 28 therebetween, as shown in FIG. 2 .
- the present invention is directed to solving the aforementioned problem of boiler tube surface erosion at the gaps formed between the tube shields and the split ring casting.
- the present invention provides a rigid structure in the form of a split ring casting comprised of two halves, with each half having an inner face shaped with semicircular grooves such that when the two halves are mated, parallel and spaced apertures are formed to hold a row or series of boiler tubes in an aligned and fixed spaced relationship.
- a retainer shield covers the front of the split ring casting.
- the boiler tubes are fitted with sootblower erosion protective shields located above and below the split ring casting.
- the two halves of the split ring casting and the retainer shield are sized to overlap adjacent portions of the upper and lower protective tube shields thereby covering any gaps that may occur between the protective tube shields and the split ring casting resulting from the difference in their respective rates of thermal expansion at high boiler operating temperatures.
- FIG. 1 is a fragmentary sectional side view of a known split ring casting mounted on pendant boiler tubes fitted with protective shields, and illustrating the gap or spacing existing between the split ring casting and the tube shields;
- FIG. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along lines 2 - 2 of FIG. 1 , and illustrating the gap or spacing between the known split ring casting and the tube shields.
- FIG. 3 is a fragmentary plan view of a split ring casting embodying the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a fragmentary sectional side view of the split ring casting of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along lines 5 - 5 of the split ring casting shown in FIG. 4 ;
- FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 which embody the present invention, there is shown a row of vertical lengths of essentially parallel boiler tubes 30 fitted with upper and lower protective shields 32 which are spaced from each other and cooperate with the outer surface of the boiler tubes 30 to form the recess 34 , as shown in FIG. 5 .
- the boiler tubes 30 are kept in alignment and spaced apart by a split ring casting 36 comprised of two halves 38 whose inner faces or surfaces are scalloped or shaped with semicircular grooves to fit around portions of the boiler tubes 30 and the adjacent sections of the protective shields 32 thereby also covering the gaps 40 resulting from the difference in thermal expansion of the tube shields 32 relative to the boiler tubes 30 at high boiler operating temperatures.
- a retainer shield 42 conforming to the external dimensions of the front end of the split ring casting 36 , fits around this front end and the adjacent sections of the protective tube shields 32 , and thus also covers the gap 40 , as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 .
- the retainer shield 42 is welded to each of the two halves 38 , as indicated at weld area 44 , shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- the two halves 38 are drawn together and fastened or clamped around the boiler tubes 30 and the adjacent sections of the protective tube shields 32 by a cross-bar bar 46 to maintain the boiler tubes 30 in parallel alignment and spaced from each other.
- the cross-bar 46 is welded to the two halves 38 as indicated at weld area 48 .
- Each of the two halves 38 and the retainer shield 42 have a T-shaped cross section with a central portion or tongue member 50 which faces the tubes 30 and fits into the recess 34 defined by the opposing sides of the upper and lower tube shields 32 and the outer surface of the tubes 30 , and with longitudinal end portions or lip members 52 and 54 that overlap the adjacent sections of the tube shields 32 to cover any gaps 40 existing therebetween.
- the lip members 52 and 54 are preferably welded to the adjacent protective shields 32 as indicated at weld area 56 , and as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 .
- the gaps 40 lying within the recesses 34 and which would otherwise expose a portion of the outer surface of the boiler tubes 30 to abrasive impingement by the high velocity sootblower fluid cleaning medium, are covered and shielded from this abrasive cleaning medium by the overlapping lip members 52 and 54 of the two halves 38 and the retainer shield 42 .
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates, in general, to a series of pendant boiler tubes fitted with shields for protection from sootblower erosion, and to a rigid structure used to maintain these pendant boiler tubes in parallel alignment in a predetermined spaced-apart configuration. More particularly, it relates to a split ring casting structured to cooperate with the tube shields in protecting the pendant boiler tubes from sootblower erosion.
- Today's boiler systems are designed for long-term operational availability and high efficiencies. Part of the efficiency improvement is due to higher operating pressures and steam temperatures. From an efficiency point of view, boilers are designed to maximize the steam output with a minimum of fuel expended. This is accomplished through the maximization of the heat rate, i.e., fuel consumption, residence time in the heat transfer sections of the boiler, and maximization of the heat contact surfaces. However, buildup, slagging, and fouling of the boiler tubes will increase the insulation effect on the tubes, which does not allow for effective thermal transfer. This requires more fuel to maintain an adequate steam output. It also causes higher velocity through the heat transfer tube sections. This, in essence, reduces the residence time of the convective heat against the heat transfer surfaces which deteriorates the thermal transfer efficiency and requires more fuel to maintain the desired steam output.
- Cleaning highly heated surfaces, such as the heat exchange surfaces of a boiler has commonly been performed by mechanical devices generally known as sootblowers which are used for on-line removal of fouling deposits from the boiler tube surfaces on a periodic basis. Sootblowers typically employ saturated steam, superheated steam, compressed air, water, or a combination thereof, as a blowing medium which is directed through a nozzle against encrustations of ash, slag, scale, and other fouling materials that are deposited on the heat exchange surfaces. Sootblowers of the retracting variety employ a long lance tube which is periodically advanced into and withdrawn from the boiler through a wall port, and is simultaneously rotated such that one or more blowing medium nozzles at the end of the lance tube project jets of blowing medium tracing helical paths.
- Experience has shown that boiler tubes whose outer surfaces are subjected to impact by the high velocity and abrasive blowing medium suffer from erosion and wear. The problem of heat exchanger surface deterioration has been particularly severe in connection with cleaning the rigidly held tube bundles such as those made up of pendant boiler tubes found in large scale boilers. Since the pendant tubes are rigidly held, they cannot readily distort in response to the temperature induced shrinkage and expansion occurring during a cleaning cycle. Difficulties are also present in an effort to produce adequate cleaning performance while avoiding thermal overstressing since the heat exchanger tube surfaces to be cleaned are of varying distance from the lance tube nozzle and therefore a varying speed of blowing medium jet progression across the heat exchanger surfaces occurs. Areas of slow progression may receive excessive quantities of sootblowing medium as compared to the amount required for effective cleaning. Thus, physical deterioration of the heat exchanger surfaces may occur where the tubes are over-cleaned in this manner. Such degradation of the tubular heat exchange surfaces of a boiler can produce catastrophic failures and a significant financial loss for the boiler operator.
- Accordingly, a protective device in the form of a shield is provided to prevent direct impingement of the outer surfaces of the tubes by the sootblower blowing medium while allowing the tubes to be cleaned of ash, slag, scale and other fouling deposits. The shield is normally comprised of an axially elongated member of arcuate cross section sized to fit over the outer surface of the tube to protect the portion of the tube which is impacted by the cleaning medium.
- The described shield works well in protecting the outer surfaces of the tubes from the high velocity and abrasive blowing medium, but a problem arises when it is used with vertically elongated tubes such as those forming pendant heat transfer surfaces, located in the boiler furnace and convection pass, and referred to in the industry as superheaters and reheaters whose respective inlet and outlet headers and major supports are housed in a section referred to in the industry as the penthouse, the latter being situated above the furnace and convection pass roof line. The pendant loops of these tubular heat transfer surfaces support themselves in simple tension and are subjected to stresses due to differences in expansion between the different loops since their average temperatures are different because the fluid flowing along the tubes from the inlet to the outlet header is being heated. Therefore, it is desirable and necessary to provide split ring castings to maintain the pendant tubes in parallel alignment and spaced with respect to each other.
- Referring to the prior art as illustrated in
FIGS. 1 and 2 , wherein like reference numerals denote like elements, there is shown a row of vertical lengths of essentiallyparallel boiler tubes 10 which are kept in alignment and spaced from each other by a rigid structure known in the industry as asplit ring casting 12 which is comprised of twohalves 14 that are scalloped or shaped with semicircular grooves to fit around portions of theboiler tubes 10. The two halves are drawn together and clamped or fastened around theboiler tubes 10 by across-bar 18 to maintain thependant tubes 10 in parallel alignment and spaced with respect to each other. Aretainer shield 20 conforming to the external dimensions of the front end of thesplit ring casting 12 is welded thereto as indicated atweld area 22, shown inFIG. 1 . Theboiler tubes 10 are fitted with semi-cylindricalshaped tube shields 24 for protection against the abrasive impingement of the high velocity fluid cleaning medium being ejected from sootblower nozzles, not shown. Thetube shields 24 are spaced from each other and cooperate with the outer surface ofboiler tube 10 to form arecess 28 therebetween, as shown inFIG. 2 . A serious problem has been encountered with this prior art arrangement due to the difference in thermal expansion of thetube shields 24 relative to theboiler tubes 10 at high boiler operating temperatures, that has resulted in thegaps 26 being formed between thetube shields 24 and thesplit ring casting 12 thereby exposing a portion of the outer surface ofboiler tubes 10 to the abrasive impact of the high velocity sootblower fluid cleaning medium. - The aforementioned problem occurs in the unprotected tube area existing between the adjacent end faces of the
tube shield 24 and thesplit ring casting 12. Efforts at structurally bringing these end faces together and eliminating anygaps 26 therebetween have met with failure as a result of the difference in thermal expansion of thetube shield 24 relative to the protectedtube 10 at high boiler operating temperatures. Experience has shown that thegap 26 existing between the adjacent end faces of thetube shield 24 and thesplit ring casting 12 is one of the most vulnerable areas to sootblower tube erosion due to flow disturbances created around thesplit ring casting 12. - Accordingly, there is a need for a split ring casting structured to cooperate with the adjacent tube shields to insure that there are no boiler tube outer surface areas left unprotected from the abrasive impingement of the high velocity sootblower blowing medium.
- The present invention is directed to solving the aforementioned problem of boiler tube surface erosion at the gaps formed between the tube shields and the split ring casting.
- The present invention provides a rigid structure in the form of a split ring casting comprised of two halves, with each half having an inner face shaped with semicircular grooves such that when the two halves are mated, parallel and spaced apertures are formed to hold a row or series of boiler tubes in an aligned and fixed spaced relationship. A retainer shield covers the front of the split ring casting. The boiler tubes are fitted with sootblower erosion protective shields located above and below the split ring casting. In accordance with the present invention, the two halves of the split ring casting and the retainer shield are sized to overlap adjacent portions of the upper and lower protective tube shields thereby covering any gaps that may occur between the protective tube shields and the split ring casting resulting from the difference in their respective rates of thermal expansion at high boiler operating temperatures.
- The various features of novelty which characterize the present invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its uses, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which a preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated.
-
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary sectional side view of a known split ring casting mounted on pendant boiler tubes fitted with protective shields, and illustrating the gap or spacing existing between the split ring casting and the tube shields; -
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along lines 2-2 ofFIG. 1 , and illustrating the gap or spacing between the known split ring casting and the tube shields. -
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary plan view of a split ring casting embodying the present invention; -
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary sectional side view of the split ring casting of the present invention; -
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along lines 5-5 of the split ring casting shown inFIG. 4 ; - Reference will hereinafter be made to the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numerals throughout the various figures denote like elements.
- Referring now to
FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 which embody the present invention, there is shown a row of vertical lengths of essentiallyparallel boiler tubes 30 fitted with upper and lowerprotective shields 32 which are spaced from each other and cooperate with the outer surface of theboiler tubes 30 to form therecess 34, as shown inFIG. 5 . Theboiler tubes 30 are kept in alignment and spaced apart by asplit ring casting 36 comprised of twohalves 38 whose inner faces or surfaces are scalloped or shaped with semicircular grooves to fit around portions of theboiler tubes 30 and the adjacent sections of theprotective shields 32 thereby also covering thegaps 40 resulting from the difference in thermal expansion of thetube shields 32 relative to theboiler tubes 30 at high boiler operating temperatures. Aretainer shield 42, conforming to the external dimensions of the front end of thesplit ring casting 36, fits around this front end and the adjacent sections of theprotective tube shields 32, and thus also covers thegap 40, as shown inFIGS. 4 and 5 . Theretainer shield 42 is welded to each of the twohalves 38, as indicated atweld area 44, shown inFIGS. 3 and 4 . The twohalves 38 are drawn together and fastened or clamped around theboiler tubes 30 and the adjacent sections of theprotective tube shields 32 by across-bar bar 46 to maintain theboiler tubes 30 in parallel alignment and spaced from each other. Thecross-bar 46 is welded to the twohalves 38 as indicated atweld area 48. Each of the twohalves 38 and theretainer shield 42 have a T-shaped cross section with a central portion ortongue member 50 which faces thetubes 30 and fits into therecess 34 defined by the opposing sides of the upper andlower tube shields 32 and the outer surface of thetubes 30, and with longitudinal end portions orlip members tube shields 32 to cover anygaps 40 existing therebetween. Thelip members protective shields 32 as indicated atweld area 56, and as shown inFIGS. 4 and 5 . Thus, in accordance with the present invention, thegaps 40 lying within therecesses 34, and which would otherwise expose a portion of the outer surface of theboiler tubes 30 to abrasive impingement by the high velocity sootblower fluid cleaning medium, are covered and shielded from this abrasive cleaning medium by the overlappinglip members halves 38 and theretainer shield 42. - Although the present invention has been described above with reference to particular means, materials and embodiments, it is to be understood that this invention may be varied in many ways without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and therefore is not limited to these disclosed particulars but extends instead to all equivalents within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/802,474 US7182045B2 (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2004-03-17 | Split ring casting for boiler tubes with protective shields |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/802,474 US7182045B2 (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2004-03-17 | Split ring casting for boiler tubes with protective shields |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20050205018A1 true US20050205018A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
US7182045B2 US7182045B2 (en) | 2007-02-27 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/802,474 Expired - Lifetime US7182045B2 (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2004-03-17 | Split ring casting for boiler tubes with protective shields |
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US (1) | US7182045B2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070159577A1 (en) * | 2006-01-06 | 2007-07-12 | Sato Atsushi | Polarizing optical device, liquid crystal display using the same and method of making the same |
JP2018096588A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2018-06-21 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | Boiler, boiler assembling method, and flow regulating member installation method |
WO2018158497A1 (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2018-09-07 | Sumitomo SHI FW Energia Oy | Watertube panel portion and a method of manufacturing a watertube panel portion in a fluidized bed reactor |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7464537B2 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2008-12-16 | United Technologies Corporation | Heat transfer enhancement features for a tubular wall combustion chamber |
US20090130001A1 (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2009-05-21 | General Electric Company | Methods for fabricating syngas cooler platens and syngas cooler platens |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3809018A (en) * | 1971-12-22 | 1974-05-07 | Foster Wheeler Corp | Vapor generator mixing section support |
US4285396A (en) * | 1979-01-25 | 1981-08-25 | Wachter Associates, Inc. | Steam generator tube support system |
US5404941A (en) * | 1993-08-10 | 1995-04-11 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Split ring tube spacer assembly |
US5724923A (en) * | 1995-05-19 | 1998-03-10 | Saint-Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corp. | Refractory shield design for superheater tubes |
US6006702A (en) * | 1998-06-11 | 1999-12-28 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Retainer shield for split ring castings |
-
2004
- 2004-03-17 US US10/802,474 patent/US7182045B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3809018A (en) * | 1971-12-22 | 1974-05-07 | Foster Wheeler Corp | Vapor generator mixing section support |
US4285396A (en) * | 1979-01-25 | 1981-08-25 | Wachter Associates, Inc. | Steam generator tube support system |
US5404941A (en) * | 1993-08-10 | 1995-04-11 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Split ring tube spacer assembly |
US5724923A (en) * | 1995-05-19 | 1998-03-10 | Saint-Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corp. | Refractory shield design for superheater tubes |
US6006702A (en) * | 1998-06-11 | 1999-12-28 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Retainer shield for split ring castings |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070159577A1 (en) * | 2006-01-06 | 2007-07-12 | Sato Atsushi | Polarizing optical device, liquid crystal display using the same and method of making the same |
JP2018096588A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2018-06-21 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | Boiler, boiler assembling method, and flow regulating member installation method |
WO2018158497A1 (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2018-09-07 | Sumitomo SHI FW Energia Oy | Watertube panel portion and a method of manufacturing a watertube panel portion in a fluidized bed reactor |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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US7182045B2 (en) | 2007-02-27 |
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