US20050202945A1 - Thermal spray grit roller - Google Patents
Thermal spray grit roller Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050202945A1 US20050202945A1 US10/798,467 US79846704A US2005202945A1 US 20050202945 A1 US20050202945 A1 US 20050202945A1 US 79846704 A US79846704 A US 79846704A US 2005202945 A1 US2005202945 A1 US 2005202945A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- roller
- roller body
- grit
- spray
- setting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H27/00—Special constructions, e.g. surface features, of feed or guide rollers for webs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2401/00—Materials used for the handling apparatus or parts thereof; Properties thereof
- B65H2401/10—Materials
- B65H2401/12—Ceramics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2402/00—Constructional details of the handling apparatus
- B65H2402/80—Constructional details of the handling apparatus characterised by the manufacturing process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2404/00—Parts for transporting or guiding the handled material
- B65H2404/50—Surface of the elements in contact with the forwarded or guided material
- B65H2404/52—Surface of the elements in contact with the forwarded or guided material other geometrical properties
- B65H2404/521—Reliefs
- B65H2404/5212—Reliefs produced by embedding particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2404/00—Parts for transporting or guiding the handled material
- B65H2404/50—Surface of the elements in contact with the forwarded or guided material
- B65H2404/53—Surface of the elements in contact with the forwarded or guided material with particular mechanical, physical properties
- B65H2404/533—Surface of the elements in contact with the forwarded or guided material with particular mechanical, physical properties with particular electric properties, e.g. dielectric material
- B65H2404/5331—Surface of the elements in contact with the forwarded or guided material with particular mechanical, physical properties with particular electric properties, e.g. dielectric material with conductive material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2801/00—Application field
- B65H2801/03—Image reproduction devices
- B65H2801/06—Office-type machines, e.g. photocopiers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/00362—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes relating to the copy medium handling
- G03G2215/00535—Stable handling of copy medium
- G03G2215/00679—Conveying means details, e.g. roller
- G03G2215/00683—Chemical properties
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49544—Roller making
- Y10T29/4956—Fabricating and shaping roller work contacting surface element
- Y10T29/49563—Fabricating and shaping roller work contacting surface element with coating or casting about a core
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to paper feed mechanisms for printers or the like. More particularly, the present invention relates to a pressure contact roller for use in a feed mechanism for advancing a sheet of paper to a recording position in a printer.
- the paper, or other print record medium was incrementally stepped along a paper path.
- one requirement was that the stepping be precisely controlled to maintain proper registration of the lines of print on the paper.
- this was accomplished by providing the paper with a series of equally spaced holes along the edges thereof and to provide the printer with a roller having sprocket wheels with circumferentially spaced pins on the periphery thereof. These sprocket wheels engaged the holes of the paper to feed the paper while maintaining the required registration.
- the paper was provided as continuous fan-folded “ribbon” of paper.
- the paper ribbon commonly had longitudinally spaced lateral lines of perforations to facilitate separating the ribbon into individual paper sheets.
- the paper ribbon often had longitudinally extending lines of perforations at the margins of the ribbon to facilitate removal of the side portions of paper having the holes.
- the paper edge left by using the perforations was rough compared to conventionally cut sheets of paper and paper that did not have indexing holes along each edge could not be used in these printers.
- Friction feed rollers have substantially replaced sprocket wheels in more recent computer printers, and the like.
- the outer surface of the feed roller frictionally engage the paper and the feed roller is rotated by a paper feed motor to advance the sheet of paper to the print head.
- Pressure contact rollers are rotatably disposed near the feed rollers, and are held in pressure contact with outer surfaces of the corresponding feed rollers to cooperatively advance a sheet of paper disposed between the pressure contact rollers and the feed rollers.
- the rollers are usually manufactured by forming a rod-like roller shaft by machining or molding, and then integrally forming a substantially cylindrical roller body made of an elastomer material over an outer circumference of the roller shaft. Because the recording surface of the sheet of paper contacts the outer surface of the roller body, the roller body is required to be made of an elastomer material that does not affect the recording surface.
- the elastomer material used to produce conventional rollers has a relatively short lifetime and is rather sensitive to temperature variance. Temperature induced contraction or expansion of the roller body has a deleterious effect on the functional performance of the roller.
- the invention in a preferred form is a thermal spray grit roller which includes a roller shaft having an outer periphery and a roller body connected to the outer periphery of the roller shaft.
- a grit layer comprising a multiple individual grit particles is deposited on the circumferential outer surface of the roller body by a thermal spray process.
- the grit particles are each composed of an electrically conductive material or a ceramic material.
- the electrically conductive material may be aluminum, aluminum alloy, zinc, zinc alloy, copper, brass, nickel, titanium, carbon steel, stainless steel, chrome, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, chromium carbide, and tungsten carbide.
- the ceramic material may be aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, and zirconium oxide.
- a method for manufacturing a thermal spray grit roller comprises the steps of collecting raw materials for use in the method, including at least one roller subassembly, having a roller body connected to a roller shaft, and the application material. The outer surface of each roller body is degreased. Then, any portion of the roller body outer surface that will not be covered by the grit layer is masked. Finally, the grit layer is formed on the roller body outer surface with a thermal spray process.
- the step of degreasing includes immersing the roller subassemblies in a tank containing trichloromethane for 20 to 30 seconds and then air drying the roller subassemblies for approximately 60 seconds.
- the method may further comprise inspecting a representative sample of the rollers after forming the grit layer.
- the step of inspecting the raw materials includes ensuring that the application material is the correct material, ensuring that the dimensions of the roller shaft and roller body conform to specification, and ensuring that the roller shaft and roller body conform to cosmetic requirements.
- the method further comprises sandblasting the outer surface of the roller bodies, after the roller bodies are masked, to remove any oxidation.
- the sandblasting includes setting a sandblasting gun to 3 to 4.5 psi and blasting the roller body surface for 25 to 50 seconds with sand having a particle size of #80 to #200. More generally, the sandblasting includes blasting the roller body surface to produce a roughness average of 0.2 to 1.0 Ra. After sandblasting, the roller body surface is cleaned with an air brush.
- the grit layer may be formed by installing electrodes or verifying that electrodes of the application material are installed in an arc spray machine, setting the arc spray machine output power, setting the arc spray machine compressed air pressure, setting or verifying the gap between the spray gun and the roller body surface, setting the spray gun feed rate, setting the rotational speed of the roller, and energizing the arc spray machine for a predetermined period of time, whereby the arc spray machine deposits a grit layer having the specified surface roughness and the specified thickness.
- the grit layer may be formed by installing or verifying the installation of the application material and a bonding agent in a plasma spray machine, setting the plasma spray machine output power, setting the plasma spray machine gas pressure, setting or verifying the gap between the spray gun and the roller body surface, setting the spray gun feed rate, setting the rotational speed of the roller, and energizing the plasma spray machine for a predetermined period of time, whereby the plasma spray machine deposits a grit layer having the specified surface roughness and the specified thickness.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a roller in accordance with the invention
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line 2 - 2 of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of the thermal spray process for making a roller in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view, enlarged 200 times, of the thermal spray grit surface produced by the process of FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of the arc spray process
- FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of the plasma spray process.
- a roller having a thermal spray grit surface in accordance with the present invention is generally designated by the numeral 10 .
- a first embodiment of the subject roller 10 has a columnar roller shaft 12 formed by molding or machining.
- the roller shaft 12 may be any material conventionally utilized in the construction of printer roller shafts.
- a roller body 16 having a cylindrical circumferential outer surface 18 is formed integrally with the roller shaft 12 or fixedly mounted to the roller shaft 12 , depending on the materials utilized to manufacture the roller shaft 12 and the roller body 16 .
- the roller body 16 may be ceramic, a polymeric material or metal, for example stainless steel, copper or aluminum.
- the outer diameter of the roller body 16 is larger than the outer diameter of the roller shaft 12 .
- a layer of grit 22 is deposited on the outer surface 18 of the roller body 16 such that the outer surface 24 of the roller 10 has an optimal coefficient of friction for engaging a paper sheet being transported through the printer.
- the grit layer 22 is formed by depositing individual grit particles 26 by either an arc spray procedure or a plasma spray procedure. Initially, the grit particles 26 are deposited on the outer surface 18 of the roller body 16 , and then subsequent grit particles 26 are deposited on the initial grit particles 26 to build the grit layer 22 to the desired thickness.
- the metal wires forming the electrodes must be composed of an electrically conductive material. For example, aluminum, aluminum alloy, zinc, zinc alloy, copper, brass, nickel, titanium, carbon steel, stainless steel, or chrome.
- the metal wires are composed of grade 316 stainless steel (SUS 316 ) which has high wear resistance (providing accurate paper feeding and minimizing compression set from the pinch rollers), has high corrosion resistance (preventing rust formation from ink aerosol and environmental humidity), and is highly conductive (facilitating discharge of static electricity).
- SUS 316 grade 316 stainless steel
- a compressed gas e.g. argon, nitrogen, helium, or hydrogen
- An electrical field in the torch creates an electrical arc that disassociates and ionizes the gases.
- the atomic components recombine, giving off a tremendous amount of heat.
- the plasma core temperatures are typically greater than 10,000° C., well above the melting temperature of any material.
- a powder including the application material and a bonding agent is injected into this flame, melted (forming a plasma), and accelerated to the workpiece.
- electrically non-conductive application materials may be used.
- electrically conductive material may be used.
- electrically conductive material may be used.
- the particle velocities for plasma are higher than for those of arc spraying and result in coatings that are typically denser and have a finer as-sprayed surface roughness.
- the tradeoff of increased density, however, is that the maximum coating thickness for a given material is usually reduced.
- plasma spraying lends itself to automation and to reducing process steps.
- a grit layer 22 produced by either the arc spray procedure 28 or the plasma spray procedure 30 is superior to conventional elastomeric roller bodies for a number of reasons.
- a metal or a metal alloy can be used in either procedure 28 , 30 and a ceramic material may be used in the plasma spray procedure 30 , providing great versatility.
- the use of a metal coating provides a roller 10 that has close to zero compression set.
- the thickness of the grit layer 22 may be controlled very tightly, either spray procedure 28 , 30 providing a tolerance of +/ ⁇ 0.02 mm.
- the generation of the metal particles may be adjusted in the arc spray procedure 28 , allowing the grit roughness to be controlled to provide ideal friction and traction.
- the overall arc spray procedure is performed in a relatively low temperature, preventing temperature related damage to the roller shaft 12 and roller body 16 .
- the grit layer 22 may be electrically conductive, the roller 10 is easily grounded, preventing static charge accumulation that attracts dust particles.
- the advantages provided by an electrically conductive grit layer 22 militate against the use of an electrically non-conductive application material.
- the cost of rollers 10 produced by the arc spray procedure 28 is low relative to the cost of rollers having a conventional rubber surface, for example ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), or epoxy/PU grit coating.
- the raw materials 32 used in the subject thermal spray process 34 includes a roller subassembly, comprising the assembled/integrally manufactured roller shaft 12 and roller body 16 , and the application material to be sprayed on the roller body 16 .
- These raw materials are initially inspected 36 to ensure that the application material is the correct material, that the dimensions of the roller shaft 12 and roller body 16 conform to specification and cosmetic requirements.
- roller bodies 16 of conforming roller subassemblies are then degreased 38 with a conventional degreasing agent. Any oil film remaining on surface 18 will interfere with deposition of the initial grit particles 26 onto the roller body surface 18 , allowing the affected portions of the grit layer 22 to peel off during operation of the printer. Accordingly, care must be taken that the degreasing agent is properly applied and that the roller body surface 18 is completely free of oil. preferably the roller subassemblies are immersed in a degreasing tank containing trichloromethane for 20 to 30 seconds and then air dried for approximately 60 seconds.
- the outer surface 18 will commonly have an oxidation layer. Since such an oxidation layer would interfere with the initial grit particles 26 adhering to the outer surface 18 , the outer surface 18 is sandblasted 42 to remove any surface oxidation that may be present in the non-masked area.
- the particle size of the sand used in the blasting procedure 42 is dependent on the composition of the roller body 16 . However, a particle size of #80 to #200 will generally be sufficient.
- the sandblasting gun is set to 3 to 4.5 psi and the surface 18 of the roller body 16 is blasted for 25 to 50 seconds to produce a roughness average of 0.2 to 1.0 Ra.
- the sweeping procedure 44 is conducted and the spray procedure 28 , 30 is begun as expeditiously as possible to prevent the formation of new oxides on the roller body surface 18 .
- the arc spray procedure 28 begins with determining 46 which application material will be used to form the grit layer 22 and either installing electrodes 48 of the proper material or verifying that electrodes of the proper material are already installed.
- the arc spray procedure 28 can be controlled to produce a specified grit layer thickness and a specified grit layer roughness.
- the roller body surface 18 determines the surface roughness of the grit layer 22 , with the roughness increasing as the application material is deposited more quickly.
- the rate of application material deposition is controlled by the output power of the arc spray machine and/or the pressure of the compressed air used to transport the spray particles from the arc spray machine to the roller body surface 18 . Therefore, the next steps in the arc spray procedure 28 require setting the arc spray machine output power 50 and the compressed air pressure 52 . These steps 50 , 52 may be performed simultaneously or serially.
- the intensity of the electrical arc increases as the output power is increased.
- the greater the intensity of the electrical arc the faster the application material of the electrodes is melted and ultimately deposited onto the roller body surface 18 .
- the flow of compressed air through the arc spray machine acts to cool the electrodes. Accordingly, increasing the pressure/flow rate reduces the rate at which the electrodes are melted for any given arc spray machine power level and reducing the pressure/flow rate increases the rate at which the electrodes are melted for any given arc spray machine power level.
- the arc spray machine power is in the range of 25 to 35 volts and 50 to 300 amps and the compressed air pressure is in the range of 4 to 7 psi.
- the thickness of the grit layer 22 is controlled by the feed speed of the spray gun. As the feed speed slows down, more grit particles 26 can be deposited onto the roller body surface 18 to increase the thickness.
- the distance between the spray gun and the roller body surface 18 and the rate at which the roller 10 is rotated as the application material must also be controlled. Therefore, the gap between the spray gun and the roller body surface 18 must be set or verified to be correct 54 , the spray gun feed rate must be set 56 , and the rotational speed of the roller must be set 58 before operation of the arc spray machine is initiated 60 .
- a spray gun feed rate of 0.2 to 0.5 m/min produces a grit layer thickness of 3 to 10 ⁇ m per traverse when the roller body 16 is rotated at 200 to 400 rpm.
- the distance between the spray gun and the roller body surface 18 is set in the range of 150 to 250 mm.
- an initial grit layer 22 may be applied 64 to the roller body surface using the arc spray procedure 28 , as a “primer” for a subsequent grit layer 22 that is applied by the plasma spray procedure 30 .
- Both an application material and a bonding agent must be selected 66 , 68 and then installed or verified to be installed 70 in a feed hopper.
- particles of the bonding agent e.g. titanium oxide
- the melted boding agent particles and grit particles composed of the application material are then sprayed on the roller body surface 18 . Since the grit particles are not melted, the roughness and thickness of the grit layer is very much determined by grit particle size, not so much by the output power and feeding speed. Simply put, the bigger the particle size, the greater the roughness and thickness.
- a spray gun feed rate of 0.2 to 0.5 m/min produces a grit layer thickness of 3 to 10 ⁇ m per traverse when the roller body 16 is rotated at 200 to 400 rpm.
- the distance between the spray gun and the roller body surface 18 is set in the range of 70 to 120 mm.
- the plasma spray machine power is in the range of 40 to 80 volts and 500 to 650 amps
- the arc gas pressure is in the range of 60 to 180 psi
- the carrier gas pressure is in the range of 30 to 80 psi.
- the application material/boding agent feed rate is preferably set to 20 to 30 g/min.
- the masking is removed 92 .
- a statistically representative sample of the rollers 10 is inspected 88 .
- Such inspection 88 generally includes measurement of the diameter and run out of the roller body 16 by laser micrometer.
- the roughness of the roller body surface 18 is measured with a roughness tester and the coefficient of friction of the roller body surface 18 is measured.
- Finally a visual inspection is conducted and the finished product is shipped 90 by conventional means.
- Table 1 provides a comparison of a thermal spray grit roller 10 in accordance with the invention with several conventional rollers intended for use in printers.
- Shot blast desire grit surface in place. the surface to expose inorganic particle on surface.
- Manufacturing Costs Very expensive if it is molded. Cutting Total of 3 layers in the coating process. Tooling up for molds could be really One of the least expensive method is costs or cutting process could be Costly because staging (curing) is expensive especially when we do high done correctly. Also very flexible expensive & tedious if it is extruded required ideally for each process volume production. Leadtime for hard because there is not hard tooling. Start EPDM; especially when the specs for tooling is another issue as well up time very short too. perpendicularity and length tolerance is tight Heat Resistance of Maximum temperature is 100° C. or Around 100° C. or less Around 100° C. or less The highest of all four, over 800° C.
- Roughness Control in Moderate Difficult to control due to the nature of Moderate Repeatability is very high.
- Roughness Manufacturing manufacturing process Grit particles range can be kept at around Ra 3 to Ra could stack on one another. 10, depending how the spray machine is set up.
- Thickness Control in Moderate Minimum thickness Difficult to control due to the nature of Moderate, may be around +/ ⁇ 0.03 mm Repeatability is very high.
- Minimum Manufacturing tolerance is around +/ ⁇ 0.03 mm manufacturing process.
- Grit particles could stack thickness tolerance can be kept at +/ ⁇ 0.01 mm on one another.
- RoHS Requirement No hazardous material in EPDM Contains lead, not allowed in most Contains lead, not allowed in most No hazardous material in SUS316 European countries. European countries.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
- Delivering By Means Of Belts And Rollers (AREA)
- Registering, Tensioning, Guiding Webs, And Rollers Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
A thermal spray grit roller includes a roller shaft having an outer periphery and a roller body connected to the outer periphery of the roller shaft. A grit layer comprising a multiple individual grit particles is deposited on the circumferential outer surface of the roller body by a thermal spray process. A method for manufacturing the thermal spray grit roller includes collecting raw materials for use in the method, including at least one roller subassembly, having a roller body connected to a roller shaft, and the application material. The outer surface of each roller body is degreased. Then, any portion of the roller body outer surface that will not be covered by the grit layer is masked. Finally, the grit layer is formed on the roller body outer surface with a thermal spray process.
Description
- This invention relates generally to paper feed mechanisms for printers or the like. More particularly, the present invention relates to a pressure contact roller for use in a feed mechanism for advancing a sheet of paper to a recording position in a printer.
- In early computer printers, and the like, the paper, or other print record medium, was incrementally stepped along a paper path. In such a printer, one requirement was that the stepping be precisely controlled to maintain proper registration of the lines of print on the paper. Generally, this was accomplished by providing the paper with a series of equally spaced holes along the edges thereof and to provide the printer with a roller having sprocket wheels with circumferentially spaced pins on the periphery thereof. These sprocket wheels engaged the holes of the paper to feed the paper while maintaining the required registration. To allow continuous printing of multiple page documents, the paper was provided as continuous fan-folded “ribbon” of paper. The paper ribbon commonly had longitudinally spaced lateral lines of perforations to facilitate separating the ribbon into individual paper sheets. In addition, the paper ribbon often had longitudinally extending lines of perforations at the margins of the ribbon to facilitate removal of the side portions of paper having the holes. However, the paper edge left by using the perforations was rough compared to conventionally cut sheets of paper and paper that did not have indexing holes along each edge could not be used in these printers.
- Friction feed rollers have substantially replaced sprocket wheels in more recent computer printers, and the like. Generally, the outer surface of the feed roller frictionally engage the paper and the feed roller is rotated by a paper feed motor to advance the sheet of paper to the print head. Pressure contact rollers are rotatably disposed near the feed rollers, and are held in pressure contact with outer surfaces of the corresponding feed rollers to cooperatively advance a sheet of paper disposed between the pressure contact rollers and the feed rollers.
- The rollers are usually manufactured by forming a rod-like roller shaft by machining or molding, and then integrally forming a substantially cylindrical roller body made of an elastomer material over an outer circumference of the roller shaft. Because the recording surface of the sheet of paper contacts the outer surface of the roller body, the roller body is required to be made of an elastomer material that does not affect the recording surface.
- Generally, the elastomer material used to produce conventional rollers has a relatively short lifetime and is rather sensitive to temperature variance. Temperature induced contraction or expansion of the roller body has a deleterious effect on the functional performance of the roller.
- Briefly stated, the invention in a preferred form is a thermal spray grit roller which includes a roller shaft having an outer periphery and a roller body connected to the outer periphery of the roller shaft. A grit layer comprising a multiple individual grit particles is deposited on the circumferential outer surface of the roller body by a thermal spray process.
- The grit particles are each composed of an electrically conductive material or a ceramic material. The electrically conductive material may be aluminum, aluminum alloy, zinc, zinc alloy, copper, brass, nickel, titanium, carbon steel, stainless steel, chrome, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, chromium carbide, and tungsten carbide. The ceramic material may be aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, and zirconium oxide.
- A method for manufacturing a thermal spray grit roller comprises the steps of collecting raw materials for use in the method, including at least one roller subassembly, having a roller body connected to a roller shaft, and the application material. The outer surface of each roller body is degreased. Then, any portion of the roller body outer surface that will not be covered by the grit layer is masked. Finally, the grit layer is formed on the roller body outer surface with a thermal spray process.
- The step of degreasing includes immersing the roller subassemblies in a tank containing trichloromethane for 20 to 30 seconds and then air drying the roller subassemblies for approximately 60 seconds.
- The method may further comprise inspecting a representative sample of the rollers after forming the grit layer.
- The step of inspecting the raw materials includes ensuring that the application material is the correct material, ensuring that the dimensions of the roller shaft and roller body conform to specification, and ensuring that the roller shaft and roller body conform to cosmetic requirements.
- For roller bodies composed of metal, the method further comprises sandblasting the outer surface of the roller bodies, after the roller bodies are masked, to remove any oxidation. The sandblasting includes setting a sandblasting gun to 3 to 4.5 psi and blasting the roller body surface for 25 to 50 seconds with sand having a particle size of #80 to #200. More generally, the sandblasting includes blasting the roller body surface to produce a roughness average of 0.2 to 1.0 Ra. After sandblasting, the roller body surface is cleaned with an air brush.
- The grit layer may be formed by installing electrodes or verifying that electrodes of the application material are installed in an arc spray machine, setting the arc spray machine output power, setting the arc spray machine compressed air pressure, setting or verifying the gap between the spray gun and the roller body surface, setting the spray gun feed rate, setting the rotational speed of the roller, and energizing the arc spray machine for a predetermined period of time, whereby the arc spray machine deposits a grit layer having the specified surface roughness and the specified thickness.
- Alternatively, the grit layer may be formed by installing or verifying the installation of the application material and a bonding agent in a plasma spray machine, setting the plasma spray machine output power, setting the plasma spray machine gas pressure, setting or verifying the gap between the spray gun and the roller body surface, setting the spray gun feed rate, setting the rotational speed of the roller, and energizing the plasma spray machine for a predetermined period of time, whereby the plasma spray machine deposits a grit layer having the specified surface roughness and the specified thickness.
- An initial grit layer of the application material to the roller body surface with an arc spray machine.
- The present invention may be better understood and its numerous objects and advantages will become apparent to those skilled in the art by reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a roller in accordance with the invention; -
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of the thermal spray process for making a roller in accordance with the invention; -
FIG. 4 is a plan view, enlarged 200 times, of the thermal spray grit surface produced by the process ofFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of the arc spray process; and -
FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of the plasma spray process. - With reference to the drawings wherein like numerals represent like parts throughout the several figures, a roller having a thermal spray grit surface in accordance with the present invention is generally designated by the
numeral 10. - With reference to
FIGS. 1 and 2 , a first embodiment of thesubject roller 10 has acolumnar roller shaft 12 formed by molding or machining. Theroller shaft 12 may be any material conventionally utilized in the construction of printer roller shafts. Over anouter periphery 14 of theroller shaft 12, aroller body 16 having a cylindrical circumferentialouter surface 18 is formed integrally with theroller shaft 12 or fixedly mounted to theroller shaft 12, depending on the materials utilized to manufacture theroller shaft 12 and theroller body 16. Theroller body 16 may be ceramic, a polymeric material or metal, for example stainless steel, copper or aluminum. The outer diameter of theroller body 16 is larger than the outer diameter of theroller shaft 12. - A layer of
grit 22 is deposited on theouter surface 18 of theroller body 16 such that theouter surface 24 of theroller 10 has an optimal coefficient of friction for engaging a paper sheet being transported through the printer. As described below, thegrit layer 22 is formed by depositingindividual grit particles 26 by either an arc spray procedure or a plasma spray procedure. Initially, thegrit particles 26 are deposited on theouter surface 18 of theroller body 16, and thensubsequent grit particles 26 are deposited on theinitial grit particles 26 to build thegrit layer 22 to the desired thickness. - In the
arc spray procedure 28, two wires are inserted into a torch and brought into contact with each other at the nozzle. The electrical load placed on the wires causes the tips of the wires to melt where they touch. A carrier gas such as air or nitrogen is used to strip the molten material off the wires as fine metal particles and to transport the molten particles to the workpiece. Since the electrodes must conduct electricity to form the arc, the metal wires forming the electrodes must be composed of an electrically conductive material. For example, aluminum, aluminum alloy, zinc, zinc alloy, copper, brass, nickel, titanium, carbon steel, stainless steel, or chrome. preferably, the metal wires are composed of grade 316 stainless steel (SUS 316) which has high wear resistance (providing accurate paper feeding and minimizing compression set from the pinch rollers), has high corrosion resistance (preventing rust formation from ink aerosol and environmental humidity), and is highly conductive (facilitating discharge of static electricity). - In the
plasma spray procedure 30, a compressed gas (e.g. argon, nitrogen, helium, or hydrogen) is passed through a torch. An electrical field in the torch creates an electrical arc that disassociates and ionizes the gases. Beyond the nozzle, the atomic components recombine, giving off a tremendous amount of heat. In fact, the plasma core temperatures are typically greater than 10,000° C., well above the melting temperature of any material. A powder including the application material and a bonding agent is injected into this flame, melted (forming a plasma), and accelerated to the workpiece. Since the application material is not required to conduct an electrical current, electrically non-conductive application materials may be used. For example, aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, and zirconium oxide. Alternatively, electrically conductive material may be used. For example, aluminum, aluminum alloy, iron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, chromium carbide, and tungsten carbide. - The particle velocities for plasma are higher than for those of arc spraying and result in coatings that are typically denser and have a finer as-sprayed surface roughness. The tradeoff of increased density, however, is that the maximum coating thickness for a given material is usually reduced. As both metals and ceramics can be effectively sprayed with this technique, plasma spraying lends itself to automation and to reducing process steps.
- A
grit layer 22 produced by either thearc spray procedure 28 or theplasma spray procedure 30 is superior to conventional elastomeric roller bodies for a number of reasons. A metal or a metal alloy can be used in eitherprocedure plasma spray procedure 30, providing great versatility. The use of a metal coating provides aroller 10 that has close to zero compression set. The thickness of thegrit layer 22 may be controlled very tightly, eitherspray procedure arc spray procedure 28, allowing the grit roughness to be controlled to provide ideal friction and traction. Although the metal particles are molten material, the overall arc spray procedure is performed in a relatively low temperature, preventing temperature related damage to theroller shaft 12 androller body 16. Since thegrit layer 22 may be electrically conductive, theroller 10 is easily grounded, preventing static charge accumulation that attracts dust particles. For most printer uses, the advantages provided by an electricallyconductive grit layer 22 militate against the use of an electrically non-conductive application material. The cost ofrollers 10 produced by thearc spray procedure 28 is low relative to the cost of rollers having a conventional rubber surface, for example ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), or epoxy/PU grit coating. - With reference to
FIG. 3 , theraw materials 32 used in the subjectthermal spray process 34 includes a roller subassembly, comprising the assembled/integrally manufacturedroller shaft 12 androller body 16, and the application material to be sprayed on theroller body 16. These raw materials are initially inspected 36 to ensure that the application material is the correct material, that the dimensions of theroller shaft 12 androller body 16 conform to specification and cosmetic requirements. - The
outer surface 18 of theroller bodies 16 of conforming roller subassemblies are then degreased 38 with a conventional degreasing agent. Any oil film remaining onsurface 18 will interfere with deposition of theinitial grit particles 26 onto theroller body surface 18, allowing the affected portions of thegrit layer 22 to peel off during operation of the printer. Accordingly, care must be taken that the degreasing agent is properly applied and that theroller body surface 18 is completely free of oil. preferably the roller subassemblies are immersed in a degreasing tank containing trichloromethane for 20 to 30 seconds and then air dried for approximately 60 seconds. - After the entire
outer surface 18 of theroller body 16 is degreased 38, those portions of theouter surface 18 that will not be covered by thegrit layer 22 are masked 40, preferably with polyurethane protector. - If the
roller body 16 is composed of metal, theouter surface 18 will commonly have an oxidation layer. Since such an oxidation layer would interfere with theinitial grit particles 26 adhering to theouter surface 18, theouter surface 18 is sandblasted 42 to remove any surface oxidation that may be present in the non-masked area. The particle size of the sand used in theblasting procedure 42 is dependent on the composition of theroller body 16. However, a particle size of #80 to #200 will generally be sufficient. Preferably, the sandblasting gun is set to 3 to 4.5 psi and thesurface 18 of theroller body 16 is blasted for 25 to 50 seconds to produce a roughness average of 0.2 to 1.0 Ra. - Any sand dust remaining on the
roller body surface 18 after thesandblasting procedure 42 is removed by “sweeping” 44 theroller body surface 18 with an air brush created by an air gun operated at 2 to 3 psi. Generally sweeping 44 theroller body surface 18 for approximately 2 seconds is sufficient to remove the sand dust, that would otherwise create pin holes in thegrit layer 22. After thesandblasting procedure 42 is completed, thesweeping procedure 44 is conducted and thespray procedure roller body surface 18. - With additional reference to
FIG. 6 , thearc spray procedure 28 begins with determining 46 which application material will be used to form thegrit layer 22 and either installingelectrodes 48 of the proper material or verifying that electrodes of the proper material are already installed. Thearc spray procedure 28 can be controlled to produce a specified grit layer thickness and a specified grit layer roughness. The rate at which the application material is deposited on. Theroller body surface 18 determines the surface roughness of thegrit layer 22, with the roughness increasing as the application material is deposited more quickly. The rate of application material deposition is controlled by the output power of the arc spray machine and/or the pressure of the compressed air used to transport the spray particles from the arc spray machine to theroller body surface 18. Therefore, the next steps in thearc spray procedure 28 require setting the arc spraymachine output power 50 and the compressed air pressure 52. Thesesteps 50, 52 may be performed simultaneously or serially. - With respect to the output power of the arc spray machine, the intensity of the electrical arc increases as the output power is increased. The greater the intensity of the electrical arc, the faster the application material of the electrodes is melted and ultimately deposited onto the
roller body surface 18. The flow of compressed air through the arc spray machine acts to cool the electrodes. Accordingly, increasing the pressure/flow rate reduces the rate at which the electrodes are melted for any given arc spray machine power level and reducing the pressure/flow rate increases the rate at which the electrodes are melted for any given arc spray machine power level. Preferably, the arc spray machine power is in the range of 25 to 35 volts and 50 to 300 amps and the compressed air pressure is in the range of 4 to 7 psi. - The thickness of the
grit layer 22 is controlled by the feed speed of the spray gun. As the feed speed slows down,more grit particles 26 can be deposited onto theroller body surface 18 to increase the thickness. The distance between the spray gun and theroller body surface 18 and the rate at which theroller 10 is rotated as the application material must also be controlled. Therefore, the gap between the spray gun and theroller body surface 18 must be set or verified to be correct 54, the spray gun feed rate must be set 56, and the rotational speed of the roller must be set 58 before operation of the arc spray machine is initiated 60. Generally, a spray gun feed rate of 0.2 to 0.5 m/min produces a grit layer thickness of 3 to 10 μm per traverse when theroller body 16 is rotated at 200 to 400 rpm. Preferably, the distance between the spray gun and theroller body surface 18 is set in the range of 150 to 250 mm. After all of the above-discussed parameters have been set, the arc spray machine is energized for a predetermined period of time 62 to deposit agrit layer 22 having the specified surface roughness and specified thickness. - With additional reference to
FIG. 7 , aninitial grit layer 22 may be applied 64 to the roller body surface using thearc spray procedure 28, as a “primer” for asubsequent grit layer 22 that is applied by theplasma spray procedure 30. Both an application material and a bonding agent must be selected 66, 68 and then installed or verified to be installed 70 in a feed hopper. During theplasma spray procedure 30, particles of the bonding agent (e.g. titanium oxide) are melted at an extremely high temperature. The melted boding agent particles and grit particles composed of the application material are then sprayed on theroller body surface 18. Since the grit particles are not melted, the roughness and thickness of the grit layer is very much determined by grit particle size, not so much by the output power and feeding speed. Simply put, the bigger the particle size, the greater the roughness and thickness. - Similar to the
arc spray procedure 28, the operator must set the output power 72, set an arc gas/carrier gas pressure 74, set the spraygun feed rate 76, set the roller rotational speed 78, and verify 80 the distance of the gap between theroller body surface 18 and the spray gun. Generally, a spray gun feed rate of 0.2 to 0.5 m/min produces a grit layer thickness of 3 to 10 μm per traverse when theroller body 16 is rotated at 200 to 400 rpm. preferably, the distance between the spray gun and theroller body surface 18 is set in the range of 70 to 120 mm. preferably, the plasma spray machine power is in the range of 40 to 80 volts and 500 to 650 amps, the arc gas pressure is in the range of 60 to 180 psi and the carrier gas pressure is in the range of 30 to 80 psi. The application material/boding agent feed rate is preferably set to 20 to 30 g/min. After all of the above-discussed parameters have been set, the plasma spray machine is energized 82 for a predetermined period oftime 84 to deposit agrit layer 22 having the specified surface roughness and specified thickness. - Generally, after the
arc spray procedure 28 or theplasma spray procedure 30 has been completed 86, the masking is removed 92. A statistically representative sample of therollers 10 is inspected 88.Such inspection 88 generally includes measurement of the diameter and run out of theroller body 16 by laser micrometer. The roughness of theroller body surface 18 is measured with a roughness tester and the coefficient of friction of theroller body surface 18 is measured. Finally a visual inspection is conducted and the finished product is shipped 90 by conventional means. - It should be appreciated that the
plasma spray procedure 30 is more expensive to perform than thearc spray procedure 28 and thegrit layer 22 produced by thearc spray procedure 28 is more than adequate for use in modern printers. Table 1 provides a comparison of a thermalspray grit roller 10 in accordance with the invention with several conventional rollers intended for use in printers. - While preferred embodiments have been shown and described, various modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the present invention has been described by way of illustration and not limitation.
TABLE 1 Grit Roller (Inorganic Particles w/ EPDM Rollers Grit Rollers (aluminum & adhesive) binder) JP 2,512,332 Grit Roller (Arc Spray) Manufacturing Process Either molded or extruded EPDM cut in Apply adhesive on shafts, add grit Use melamine resin, phenol, Using arc spray technology to coat length, then mounted on shafts particles, then spray coat another layer polyethylene, or polyamide as binder; SUS316 or any other conductive of adhesive (could be epoxy, PU or any mix with inorganic particles via injection materials on shafts to achieve the other bonding agents) to hold particles process to mold in shape. Shot blast desire grit surface in place. the surface to expose inorganic particle on surface. Manufacturing Costs Very expensive if it is molded. Cutting Total of 3 layers in the coating process. Tooling up for molds could be really One of the least expensive method is costs or cutting process could be Costly because staging (curing) is expensive especially when we do high done correctly. Also very flexible expensive & tedious if it is extruded required ideally for each process volume production. Leadtime for hard because there is not hard tooling. Start EPDM; especially when the specs for tooling is another issue as well up time very short too. perpendicularity and length tolerance is tight Heat Resistance of Maximum temperature is 100° C. or Around 100° C. or less Around 100° C. or less The highest of all four, over 800° C. Coating below Wear Resistance of Moderate Moderate, grit particles could fall off High Very High Coating easily even if it is bonded correctly. Corrosion Resistance of Very High High Very High Very High Coating Tensile Bond Strength N/A Lowest of all four Moderate Highest of all three, at 6,735 psi of Coating Compression Set of Could be severe depending on the Very minimum Very minimum Lowest of all four. Practically zero Coating hardness (shore) of EPDM cots simply because SUS316 is rock hard metal Conductivity of Coating Not Conductive, extremely bad. Paper Not Conductive. Paper dust Not conductive unless conductive Highly conductive, merely 0.46 Ohm. dust accumulation could occur; accumulation could occur, which particle is added in binder, but this All static will be grounded to eliminate eventually reduce the traction on rollers reduces the friction & traction of rollers. could be costly if so. paper dust formation or accumulation. This will ensure high traction on rollers at all times. Roughness Control in Moderate Difficult to control due to the nature of Moderate Repeatability is very high. Roughness Manufacturing manufacturing process. Grit particles range can be kept at around Ra 3 to Racould stack on one another. 10, depending how the spray machine is set up. Thickness Control in Moderate. Minimum thickness Difficult to control due to the nature of Moderate, may be around +/−0.03 mm Repeatability is very high. Minimum Manufacturing tolerance is around +/−0.03 mm manufacturing process. Grit particles could stack thickness tolerance can be kept at +/−0.01 mm on one another. RoHS Requirement No hazardous material in EPDM Contains lead, not allowed in most Contains lead, not allowed in most No hazardous material in SUS316 European countries. European countries.
Claims (30)
1: A thermal spray grit roller comprises:
a roller shaft having an outer periphery;
a roller body connected to the outer periphery of the roller shaft, the roller body having a circumferential outer surface; and
a grit layer comprising a plurality of individual grit particles deposited on the roller body outer surface by a thermal spray process.
2: The thermal spray grit roller of claim 1 wherein the roller shaft has a columnar-shape and the roller body is integrally formed with the roller shaft.
3: The thermal spray grit roller of claim 1 wherein the roller shaft has a columnar-shape and the roller body is fixedly mounted to the roller shaft outer periphery.
4 (canceled)
5 (canceled)
6 (canceled)
7: The thermal spray grit roller of claim 1 wherein the grit particles are each composed of an electrically conductive material or a ceramic material.
8: The thermal spray grit roller of claim 7 wherein the electrically conductive material is selected from aluminum, aluminum alloy, zinc, zinc alloy, copper, brass, nickel, titanium, carbon steel, stainless steel, chrome, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, chromium carbide, and tungsten carbide.
9: The thermal spray grit roller of claim 7 wherein the ceramic material is selected from aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, and zirconium oxide.
10: A method for manufacturing a thermal spray grit roller comprising the steps of:
collecting raw materials for use in the method, including at least one roller subassembly, comprising a roller body connected to a roller shaft, and application material;
degreasing the outer surface of each roller body;
masking any portion of the roller body outer surface that will not be covered by a grit layer; and
forming a grit layer on the roller body outer surface with a thermal spray process.
11: The method of claim 10 wherein the step of degreasing comprises
immersing the roller subassemblies in a tank containing trichloromethane for 20 to 30 seconds and
air drying the roller subassemblies for substantially 60 seconds.
12: The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of inspecting a representative sample of the rollers after forming the grit layer.
13: The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of inspecting the raw materials including
ensuring that the application material is the correct material;
ensuring that the dimensions of the roller shaft and roller body conform to specification; and
ensuring that the roller shaft and roller body conform to cosmetic requirements.
14: The method of claim 10 wherein the step of masking comprises masking the portions of the roller body outer surface with a polyurethane protector.
15: The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of sandblasting the outer surface of roller bodies composed of metal, after the step of masking, to remove any oxidation.
16: The method of claim 15 wherein the step of sandblasting includes:
setting a sandblasting gun to 3 to 4.5 psi; and
blasting the roller body surface for 25 to 50 seconds with sand having a particle size of #80 to #200.
17: The method of claim 15 wherein the step of sandblasting includes sandblasting the roller body surface to produce a roughness average of 0.2 to 1.0 Ra.
18: The method of claim 15 further comprising the step cleaning the roller body surface after the step of sandblasting.
19: The method of claim 18 wherein the step of cleaning includes sweeping the roller body surface with an air brush.
20: The method of claim 10 wherein the step of forming a grit layer includes:
installing electrodes or verifying that electrodes of the application material are installed in an arc spray machine;
setting the arc spray machine output power;
setting the arc spray machine compressed air pressure;
setting or verifying the gap between the spray gun and the roller body surface;
setting the spray gun feed rate;
setting the rotational speed of the roller; and
energizing the arc spray machine for a predetermined period of time, whereby the arc spray machine deposits a grit layer having the specified surface roughness and the specified thickness.
21: The method of claim 20 wherein the spray gun feed rate is set at 0.2 to 0.5 m/min.
22: The method of claim 20 wherein the rotational speed of the roller is set at 200 to 400 rpm.
23: The method of claim 20 wherein the gap between the spray gun and the roller body surface is set in the range of 150 to 250 mm.
24: The method of claim 20 wherein the arc spray machine power is set in the range of 25 to 35 volts and 50 to 300 amps and the compressed air pressure is set in the range of 4 to 7 psi.
25: The method of claim 10 wherein the step of forming a grit layer includes:
installing or verifying the installation of the application material and a bonding agent in a plasma spray machine;
setting the plasma spray machine output power;
setting the plasma spray machine gas pressure;
setting or verifying the gap between the spray gun and the roller body surface;
setting the spray gun feed rate;
setting the rotational speed of the roller; and
energizing the plasma spray machine for a predetermined period of time,
whereby the plasma spray machine deposits a grit layer having the specified surface roughness and the specified thickness.
26: The method of claim 25 further comprising the step of applying an initial grit layer of the application material to the roller body surface with an arc spray machine.
27: The method of claim 25 wherein the spray gun feed rate is set at 0.2 to 0.5 m/min.
28: The method of claim 25 wherein the rotational speed of the roller is set at 200 to 400 rpm.
29: The method of claim 25 wherein the gap between the spray gun and the roller body surface is set in the range of 70 to 120 mm.
30: The method of claim 25 wherein the plasma spray machine power is set in the range of 40 to 80 volts and 500 to 650 amps, the arc gas pressure is set in the range of 60 to 180 psi, and the carrier gas pressure is set in the range of 30 to 80 psi.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/798,467 US20050202945A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2004-03-11 | Thermal spray grit roller |
HK05102077A HK1080676A2 (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2005-03-10 | Thermal spray grit roller |
JP2005066907A JP2005255415A (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2005-03-10 | Thermal spray grit roller |
CNB2005100550036A CN100445189C (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2005-03-11 | Thermal spray grit roller |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/798,467 US20050202945A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2004-03-11 | Thermal spray grit roller |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20050202945A1 true US20050202945A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
Family
ID=34920275
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/798,467 Abandoned US20050202945A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2004-03-11 | Thermal spray grit roller |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20050202945A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2005255415A (en) |
CN (1) | CN100445189C (en) |
HK (1) | HK1080676A2 (en) |
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KR100639117B1 (en) | 2005-10-12 | 2006-10-31 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | Wear resistant thermal spray coating compound with high electrical conductivity and the method thereof |
US20070052122A1 (en) * | 2003-05-22 | 2007-03-08 | Webasto Ag | Process for producing a curved pane arrangement for a motor vehicle |
US20080089732A1 (en) * | 2006-10-12 | 2008-04-17 | Ezra Szoke | Method and apparatus for a grit-type roller for a printer |
US20080089731A1 (en) * | 2006-10-12 | 2008-04-17 | Ezra Szoke | Method and apparatus for using dye-diffusion thermal printing |
US20080156927A1 (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2008-07-03 | Sonoco Development, Inc. | Winding Core for Fabrics |
US20090092420A1 (en) * | 2007-10-09 | 2009-04-09 | Johnathan Lee Barnes | Toner Mass Control by Surface Roughness and Voids |
US20090304427A1 (en) * | 2008-06-09 | 2009-12-10 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc. | Image forming apparatus |
US20160222501A1 (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2016-08-04 | Seoul National University R&Db Foundation | Post-treatment method of film-coated member |
CN108004498A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-08 | 上海英佛曼纳米科技股份有限公司 | A kind of high temperature hot-rolled steel furnace roller with high temperature resistance dross oxidation and corrosion abrasion-resistant coatings |
WO2022236950A1 (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2022-11-17 | 鄂州市兴方磨具有限公司 | Coated rice milling sand roller having good rice milling effect and preparation method therefor |
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US20070052122A1 (en) * | 2003-05-22 | 2007-03-08 | Webasto Ag | Process for producing a curved pane arrangement for a motor vehicle |
US20070052121A1 (en) * | 2003-05-22 | 2007-03-08 | Webasto Ag | Process for producing a curved pane arrangement for a motor vehicle |
KR100639117B1 (en) | 2005-10-12 | 2006-10-31 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | Wear resistant thermal spray coating compound with high electrical conductivity and the method thereof |
US20080089732A1 (en) * | 2006-10-12 | 2008-04-17 | Ezra Szoke | Method and apparatus for a grit-type roller for a printer |
US20080089731A1 (en) * | 2006-10-12 | 2008-04-17 | Ezra Szoke | Method and apparatus for using dye-diffusion thermal printing |
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US20090304427A1 (en) * | 2008-06-09 | 2009-12-10 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc. | Image forming apparatus |
US20160222501A1 (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2016-08-04 | Seoul National University R&Db Foundation | Post-treatment method of film-coated member |
CN108004498A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-08 | 上海英佛曼纳米科技股份有限公司 | A kind of high temperature hot-rolled steel furnace roller with high temperature resistance dross oxidation and corrosion abrasion-resistant coatings |
WO2022236950A1 (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2022-11-17 | 鄂州市兴方磨具有限公司 | Coated rice milling sand roller having good rice milling effect and preparation method therefor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HK1080676A2 (en) | 2006-06-30 |
CN100445189C (en) | 2008-12-24 |
JP2005255415A (en) | 2005-09-22 |
CN1666942A (en) | 2005-09-14 |
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