US20050198974A1 - Superconducting magnet system with pulse tube cooler - Google Patents

Superconducting magnet system with pulse tube cooler Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050198974A1
US20050198974A1 US11/073,728 US7372805A US2005198974A1 US 20050198974 A1 US20050198974 A1 US 20050198974A1 US 7372805 A US7372805 A US 7372805A US 2005198974 A1 US2005198974 A1 US 2005198974A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
helium
magnet system
pulse tube
tube cooler
cryostat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US11/073,728
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English (en)
Inventor
Gerhard Roth
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Bruker Biospin GmbH
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Bruker Biospin GmbH
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Assigned to BRUKER BIOSPIN GMBH reassignment BRUKER BIOSPIN GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ROTH, GERHARD
Publication of US20050198974A1 publication Critical patent/US20050198974A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/003—Gas cycle refrigeration machines characterised by construction or composition of the regenerator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/10—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point with several cooling stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
    • F25D19/006—Thermal coupling structure or interface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/04—Cooling

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a superconducting magnet system which is disposed in a first helium tank of a cryostat having an operating temperature T 1 ⁇ 3K, wherein a second helium tank is disposed above and connected to the first helium tank and contains liquid helium at an operating temperature T 2 >3K, wherein the first helium tank includes a cooling means which generates the operating temperature T 1 ⁇ 3K in the first helium tank, wherein the cooling means is the cold end of a pulse tube cooler whose warm end is disposed outside of the cryostat.
  • Superconducting magnet systems of this type generally comprise a cryostat with two chambers.
  • a superconducting magnet coil is disposed in the first chamber and the second chamber serves as a helium supply and is at atmospheric pressure or slight overpressure at a temperature of approximately 4.2K.
  • the two chambers communicate with each other such that helium can flow from the upper into the lower chamber where it is cooled to a temperature of considerably less than 4.2K using a further cooling unit which projects into that first chamber.
  • a radiation shield reduces the incident radiation energy and is surrounded by a tank filled with a cryogenic liquid which cools the radiation shield.
  • Additional cooling units are conventionally used to further cool the helium in the first chamber, which relax the helium to a low pressure using a needle valve and pump it out of the first chamber.
  • Pumping the helium out of the first chamber is disadvantageous, since it is removed from the system and the second chamber, which communicates with the first chamber, is slowly emptied thereby necessitating replacement of the helium in the second chamber at regular intervals.
  • the further cooling unit which projects into the first chamber pumps liquid helium out of the first chamber to cause further cooling of the helium bath in the first chamber as a result of that expansion.
  • helium is thereby constantly consumed by the refrigerator requiring corresponding refilling of helium into the apparatus.
  • This helium may be supplied in liquid form, thereby necessitating a corresponding storage capacity.
  • helium is not always available in the amounts needed.
  • Another possibility is to return the helium which escapes from the apparatus through liquefaction which, however, requires considerable expense with regard to equipment.
  • the helium must be refilled in conventional magnet systems which necessitates interruption of the measuring operation and thereby involves substantial expense. For this reason, it is desirable to reduce the helium consumption of a magnet arrangement of this type.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,196,005 B1 discloses a cryostat configuration having an upper and a lower helium tank.
  • the lower helium tank is cooled by a pulse tube cooler which passes from above through the upper and into the lower helium tank such the cold head of the pulse tube cooler projects into the lower helium tank.
  • the pulse tube cooler cools the magnet system with a minimal loss of helium.
  • the upper helium tank must have a sufficient amount of space to accommodate the pulse tube cooler, which is consequently no longer available for the storage of helium.
  • the helium tank must therefore be larger than would otherwise be necessary in view of the helium requirements alone.
  • Pulse tube coolers effect expansion and compression of the working gas using a shock wave front in a pulse tube.
  • the shock wave front is thereby controlled by a rotating valve.
  • the pulse tube is connected to a regenerator which provides heat exchange between the working gas and the regenerator material. After compression of the working gas, the gas flows through the regenerator to relax in the expansion chamber. The gas which is thereby cooled, absorbs heat from the surroundings of the expansion chamber thereby cooling those surroundings. Since the rotating valve need not be disposed in the direct vicinity of the magnet system, the pulse tube cooler is a smoothly running, low-wear cooling means which avoids moving parts in the low-temperature region.
  • the second helium tank Since the second helium tank is disposed above the first helium tank, it thereby serves a hydrostatic function to keep the first helium tank at atmospheric pressure.
  • the first helium tank contains a cooling means to cool the helium located therein.
  • the inventive magnet system does not discharge helium from the helium tank, since the cooling means is a pulse tube cooler.
  • the pulse tube cooler has its own, closed cycle. For this reason, no helium escapes into the atmosphere nor is the helium heated which would require renewed liquefaction of the gas and large amounts of energy and significant equipment expense.
  • the helium consumption is minimized through the inventive magnet system thereby permitting continuous measuring operation.
  • the warm end of the pulse tube cooler is disposed below the first helium tank.
  • the configuration thereby permits use of a shorter pulse tube to decrease the overall height of the apparatus.
  • the invention realizes an evaporation-free superconducting magnet system, wherein the helium in the first helium tank is cooled via a cooling means in the form of a pulse tube cooler which is independent of the helium in the helium tank.
  • the helium in the helium tank is not consumed during operation of the pulse tube cooler, which causes less frequent or optimally no refilling of the helium tank during operation of the magnet system.
  • the inventive system therefore provides continuous measuring operation without having to organize the supply and refilling of helium.
  • the second helium tank may be smaller than in conventional magnet systems due to the reduced helium consumption. This reduces the overall size of the apparatus.
  • the pulse tube cooler has several, preferably two, stages.
  • the second stage of the pulse tube cooler projects directly into the first tank, wherein the temperature of the second stage during operation is T ⁇ 3K, whereby the helium in the first tank is further cooled directly and without removing helium thereby completely avoiding consumption of liquid helium in the first tank.
  • the helium located in the second tank is also cooled through residual heat conduction via the thermal barrier. Minimizing the heat transfer into the second tank and suitable selection of the insulation properties of the thermal barrier ensures that no helium is discharged from the second helium tank, which is at atmospheric pressure or slight overpressure.
  • the second helium tank is slightly under-cooled and can be maintained at atmospheric pressure or slight overpressure through introduction of a heater therein, without having helium escape from the second helium tank.
  • this design no helium is removed from the first and second tank during operation, which avoids the need to refill the cooling agent.
  • one stage of the pulse tube cooler upstream of the cold end is thermally conductingly connected to a radiation shield disposed in the cryostat.
  • the radiation shield can be cooled by the pulse tube cooler stage connected thereto.
  • the radiation shield connected to the pulse tube cooler stage surrounds the helium tanks and the pulse tube cooler replaces a tank of liquid nitrogen in the cryostat.
  • supply of liquid nitrogen to the arrangement can be omitted. Due to omission of the nitrogen tank, the arrangement may be more compact.
  • the pulse tube cooler preferably comprises a regenerator material substance which has a phase transition at a low temperature of around 4K or below, in particular a magnetic phase transition.
  • the phase transition increases the specific heat of the regenerator material to permit heat exchange from the working gas to the regenerator material, even at very low temperatures (T ⁇ 4K).
  • regenerator material having a magnetic phase transition
  • the regenerator material is advantageously magnetically shielded in the cryostat thereby preventing disturbance of the main field by the magnetic phase transition.
  • the pulse tube cooler additionally or exclusively contains helium as the regenerator material. Since helium has no magnetic phase transition, it has no disturbing effects in connection with magnetic applications and is relatively inexpensive compared to other conventional regenerator materials.
  • DE 199 24 184 A1 has already disclosed the use of high-pressure helium as a regenerator material.
  • the section of the pulse tube cooler comprising the regenerator is disposed at a location in the cryostat having a minimum magnetic field during operation, e.g. radially outside of the magnet coil, approximately in the region of its central plane. Interaction between the regenerator material and the main magnetic field is thereby minimized.
  • the cryostat and the pulse tube cooler are preferably designed and dimensioned such that no helium must be refilled into the cryostat during operation to increase the user friendliness of the magnet system and permit continuous operation thereof.
  • the magnet system comprises a main field magnet coil and an active shielding coil which is disposed coaxially thereto and radially outside of the main field magnet coil, wherein the axes of the two coils are disposed vertically, and the cold end of the pulse tube cooler is disposed between the main field magnet coil and the shielding coil.
  • the cold end of the pulse tube cooler is then in a low magnetic field or in a zero magnetic field, thereby minimizing or preventing disturbance of the main magnetic field by the pulse tube cooler.
  • a heating device is provided in the second helium tank to heat the helium.
  • This is advantageous in that the pressure of the helium located in the helium tank can be regulated.
  • the undercooled helium in the first helium tank can thereby be maintained at atmospheric pressure to realize a stable operating state.
  • a valve for filling-in helium is advantageously provided on the cryostat, which is connected to at least one helium tank and through which helium can be refilled if e.g. helium has escaped via an overpressure valve.
  • the magnet system is preferably part of a magnetic resonance apparatus, such as an NMR spectrometer, a nuclear magnetic resonance tomograph or an ICR mass spectrometer.
  • a magnetic resonance apparatus such as an NMR spectrometer, a nuclear magnetic resonance tomograph or an ICR mass spectrometer.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a magnet system with installed pulse tube cooler
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a preferred embodiment of an inventive magnet system with installed pulse tube cooler.
  • FIG. 1 shows a magnet system with a first helium tank 4 which is disposed in a cryostat 1 and which contains a main field magnet coil 3 for generating a highly homogeneous magnetic field.
  • a second helium tank 2 is disposed above the first helium tank 4 and is separated from the first helium tank 4 via a thermal barrier 5 .
  • the second helium tank 2 contains liquid helium at atmospheric pressure having a temperature of more than 3K, preferably 4.2K.
  • the two helium tanks communicate with each other such that helium can flow from the upper into the lower chamber, where the helium is cooled (further cooled) to a temperature of considerably less than 3K, preferably 1.8K, using a pulse tube cooler 11 .
  • FIG. 1 shows a magnet system with a first helium tank 4 which is disposed in a cryostat 1 and which contains a main field magnet coil 3 for generating a highly homogeneous magnetic field.
  • a second helium tank 2 is
  • the pulse tube cooler 11 passes through the second helium tank 2 such that the warm end 10 of the pulse tube cooler 11 is disposed outside of the cryostat 1 and the cold end 19 of the pulse tube cooler 11 projects into the first helium tank 4 thereby cooling the helium located in the first helium tank 4 to the desired temperature.
  • the arrangement of the pulse tube cooler 11 permits cooling of the helium thereby preventing helium from escaping from the helium tanks 2 , 4 such that refilling of the helium tanks 2 , 4 is not necessary during normal operation, thereby avoiding the demanding liquefaction of helium gas.
  • the magnet system may be provided with an overpressure valve through which helium can escape into the atmosphere in case of heating of the helium e.g. as a result of a quench of the main field magnet coil 3 . In this case, refilling of helium into the second helium tank 2 may be required.
  • the inventive magnet system comprises a fill-in valve 12 .
  • the pulse tube cooler 11 which is integrated in the inventive magnet system has two stages to cool the helium below its boiling temperature at atmospheric pressure.
  • the cold end 19 of the second stage 14 of the pulse tube cooler 11 projects into the first helium tank 4 to cool the helium in the first helium tank 4 .
  • the second helium tank 2 comprises a heating device to control the pressure in the helium tank e.g. to maintain the undercooled helium in the first helium tank 4 at atmospheric pressure.
  • the first stage 13 of the pulse tube cooler 11 may be thermally conductingly connected to a radiation shield 15 located in the cryostat 1 . The radiation shield 15 reduces incoming radiation energy.
  • the radiation shield 15 may be cooled via the pulse tube cooler 11 through thermal connection to the radiation shield 15 such that a separate nitrogen tank 16 can be omitted. For this reason and through reduction of the size of the second helium tank 2 , the inventive magnet system can be realized with compact size compared to conventional magnet systems.
  • the pulse tube cooler 11 is preferably disposed within a vacuum safety device which projects through the radiation shield 15 and the second helium tank 2 and is mounted to the vacuum safety device in a pressure-tight manner.
  • the vacuum safety device comprises side walls 8 of a material with poor conducting properties, e.g. stainless steel, and an end piece 9 which contacts the cold end 19 of the pulse tube cooler 11 and is made from a material having good conducting properties, e.g. copper, such that heat exchange between the liquid helium in the first helium tank 4 and the pulse tube cooler 11 is effected mainly via the cold end 9 of the pulse tube cooler 11 .
  • the pulse tube cooler 11 comprises a regenerator material having a phase transition in order to generate the required low temperatures.
  • the phase transition increases the volumetric specific heat of the regenerator material and permits cooling of the helium to less than 3K.
  • Pb and rare earth compounds such as e.g. HoCo, Er 3 Ni, ErNi, GdAlO 3 and ErNi 0.9 Co 0.1 are suitable regenerator materials. These materials, however, have a magnetic phase transition which may be disturbing in connection with magnetic applications.
  • the inventive magnet system therefore provides magnetic shielding of the regenerator material in the cryostat 1 via e.g. a ⁇ -metal foil which surrounds the pulse tube cooler 11 or using a highly-conducting housing to shield the fluctuating magnetization.
  • a superconducting housing can also surround the pulse tube cooler 11 to minimize the influence of the above-mentioned disturbing effects resulting from the magnetic phase transition of the regenerator material.
  • FIG. 2 shows a particularly advantageous embodiment of the inventive magnet system, wherein the warm end 10 of the pulse tube cooler 11 is disposed below the first helium tank 4 .
  • the inventive magnet system may comprise an active shielding coil which is disposed outside of and coaxial to the main field magnet coil 3 and which shields the main magnetic field towards the outside.
  • the pulse tube cooler 11 may be disposed such that the cold end 19 of the pulse tube cooler 11 is disposed between the main field magnet coil 3 and the shielding coil. Due to the shielding function of the shielding coil, the magnetic field between the main field magnet coil 3 and the shielding coil is zero or nearly zero.
  • This arrangement of the pulse tube cooler 11 minimizes interaction between the regenerator material and the main magnetic field even if regenerator materials having magnetic phase transitions are used.
  • the inventive magnet system therefore permits use of conventional pulse tube coolers without having to accept the usually associated disadvantages.
  • the inventive magnet system improves the measuring operation since the number of helium refilling operations can be considerably reduced.
  • the second helium tank 2 which, in conventional magnet systems, contains a relatively large supply of helium in order to be able to supply helium to the first helium tank 4 over a longer time period, may be considerably smaller in the inventive magnet system.
  • the second helium tank 2 thereby mainly serves a hydrostatic function, i.e. maintains the atmospheric pressure in the helium tanks 2 , 4 .
  • the inventive magnet system uses no helium from the helium tanks 2 , 4 for the cooling process.
  • the inventive design is therefore suited for dry systems and thereby offers a broader application spectrum.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are part of a high-resolution NMR apparatus at a high magnetic field of around or over 20 Tesla.
US11/073,728 2004-03-13 2005-03-08 Superconducting magnet system with pulse tube cooler Abandoned US20050198974A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004012452A DE102004012452A1 (de) 2004-03-13 2004-03-13 Supraleitendes Magnetsystem mit Pulsrohr-Kühler
DE102004012452.3 2004-03-13

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US20050198974A1 true US20050198974A1 (en) 2005-09-15

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DE (1) DE102004012452A1 (de)
GB (1) GB2411945A (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080307801A1 (en) * 2007-06-08 2008-12-18 Hiroyuki Tanaka Cooling system for cryogenic storage container and operating method therefor
JP2012146821A (ja) * 2011-01-12 2012-08-02 Tokyo Denki Univ 超電導コイル装置
US20130000326A1 (en) * 2010-03-19 2013-01-03 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. Regenerator, gm refrigerator, and pulse tube refrigerator
US20150051079A1 (en) * 2013-06-28 2015-02-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Superconducting magnet apparatus
WO2016005882A1 (en) * 2014-07-07 2016-01-14 Victoria Link Ltd Method and apparatus for cryogenic cooling of hts devices immersed in liquid cryogen
WO2016109235A1 (en) * 2014-12-29 2016-07-07 General Electric Company Cooling system and method for a magnetic resonance imaging device
US10722735B2 (en) 2005-11-18 2020-07-28 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Inner gantry

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US4689439A (en) * 1985-09-30 1987-08-25 Kabushiki Kasiha Toshiba Superconducting-coil apparatus
US5220800A (en) * 1990-12-10 1993-06-22 Bruker Analytische Messtechnik Gmbh Nmr magnet system with superconducting coil in a helium bath
US5584184A (en) * 1994-04-15 1996-12-17 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Superconducting magnet and regenerative refrigerator for the magnet
US5721522A (en) * 1995-03-15 1998-02-24 Bruker Analytische Messtechnik Gmbh NMR Spectrometer with superconducting magnet coil
US5966944A (en) * 1997-04-09 1999-10-19 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Superconducting magnet system outfitted with cooling apparatus
US6107905A (en) * 1998-03-31 2000-08-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Superconducting magnet apparatus
US6196005B1 (en) * 1997-09-30 2001-03-06 Oxford Magnet Technology Limited Cryostat systems
US6246308B1 (en) * 1999-11-09 2001-06-12 General Electric Company Superconductive magnet including a cryocooler coldhead
US6804968B2 (en) * 2002-06-14 2004-10-19 Bruker Biospin Gmbh Cryostat configuration with improved properties
US20060048522A1 (en) * 2002-12-16 2006-03-09 Shunji Yamada Method and device for installing refrigerator
US20060064989A1 (en) * 2004-03-13 2006-03-30 Bruker Biospin Gmbh Superconducting magnet system with refrigerator

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4689439A (en) * 1985-09-30 1987-08-25 Kabushiki Kasiha Toshiba Superconducting-coil apparatus
US5220800A (en) * 1990-12-10 1993-06-22 Bruker Analytische Messtechnik Gmbh Nmr magnet system with superconducting coil in a helium bath
US5584184A (en) * 1994-04-15 1996-12-17 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Superconducting magnet and regenerative refrigerator for the magnet
US5721522A (en) * 1995-03-15 1998-02-24 Bruker Analytische Messtechnik Gmbh NMR Spectrometer with superconducting magnet coil
US5966944A (en) * 1997-04-09 1999-10-19 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Superconducting magnet system outfitted with cooling apparatus
US6196005B1 (en) * 1997-09-30 2001-03-06 Oxford Magnet Technology Limited Cryostat systems
US6107905A (en) * 1998-03-31 2000-08-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Superconducting magnet apparatus
US6246308B1 (en) * 1999-11-09 2001-06-12 General Electric Company Superconductive magnet including a cryocooler coldhead
US6804968B2 (en) * 2002-06-14 2004-10-19 Bruker Biospin Gmbh Cryostat configuration with improved properties
US20060048522A1 (en) * 2002-12-16 2006-03-09 Shunji Yamada Method and device for installing refrigerator
US20060064989A1 (en) * 2004-03-13 2006-03-30 Bruker Biospin Gmbh Superconducting magnet system with refrigerator

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10722735B2 (en) 2005-11-18 2020-07-28 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Inner gantry
JP2008306060A (ja) * 2007-06-08 2008-12-18 Hitachi Ltd 極低温格納容器冷却システム及びその運用方法
US20080307801A1 (en) * 2007-06-08 2008-12-18 Hiroyuki Tanaka Cooling system for cryogenic storage container and operating method therefor
US20130000326A1 (en) * 2010-03-19 2013-01-03 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. Regenerator, gm refrigerator, and pulse tube refrigerator
US8991196B2 (en) * 2010-03-19 2015-03-31 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. Regenerator, GM refrigerator, and pulse tube refrigerator
JP2012146821A (ja) * 2011-01-12 2012-08-02 Tokyo Denki Univ 超電導コイル装置
US20150051079A1 (en) * 2013-06-28 2015-02-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Superconducting magnet apparatus
US9305691B2 (en) * 2013-06-28 2016-04-05 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Superconducting magnet apparatus
WO2016005882A1 (en) * 2014-07-07 2016-01-14 Victoria Link Ltd Method and apparatus for cryogenic cooling of hts devices immersed in liquid cryogen
CN106663735A (zh) * 2014-07-07 2017-05-10 维多利亚互联有限公司 用于低温冷却浸没在液体制冷剂中的高温超导装置的方法和设备
US20170205124A1 (en) * 2014-07-07 2017-07-20 Victoria Link Ltd Method and apparatus for cryogenic cooling of hts devices immersed in liquid cryogen
US11035598B2 (en) 2014-07-07 2021-06-15 Fabrum Solutions Limited Method and apparatus for cryogenic cooling of HTS devices immersed in liquid cryogen
WO2016109235A1 (en) * 2014-12-29 2016-07-07 General Electric Company Cooling system and method for a magnetic resonance imaging device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102004012452A1 (de) 2005-10-06
GB0505181D0 (en) 2005-04-20
GB2411945A (en) 2005-09-14

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