US20050125911A1 - Method for operating a water-containing appliance and water-containing appliance - Google Patents

Method for operating a water-containing appliance and water-containing appliance Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050125911A1
US20050125911A1 US11/043,715 US4371505A US2005125911A1 US 20050125911 A1 US20050125911 A1 US 20050125911A1 US 4371505 A US4371505 A US 4371505A US 2005125911 A1 US2005125911 A1 US 2005125911A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
water
ozone
appliance
cleaning liquid
passed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/043,715
Inventor
Rudiger Eiermann
Helmut Jerg
Reinhard Kimmich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Original Assignee
BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH filed Critical BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
Assigned to BSH BOSCH UND SIEMENS HAUSGERATE GMBH reassignment BSH BOSCH UND SIEMENS HAUSGERATE GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: EIERMANN, RUDIGER, JERG, HELMUT, KIMMICH, REINHARD
Publication of US20050125911A1 publication Critical patent/US20050125911A1/en
Priority to US13/644,285 priority Critical patent/US20130025074A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
    • G01N31/005—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods investigating the presence of an element by oxidation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/42—Details
    • A47L15/4297—Arrangements for detecting or measuring the condition of the washing water, e.g. turbidity
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F34/00—Details of control systems for washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F34/14—Arrangements for detecting or measuring specific parameters
    • D06F34/22—Condition of the washing liquid, e.g. turbidity
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F35/00—Washing machines, apparatus, or methods not otherwise provided for
    • D06F35/001—Washing machines, apparatus, or methods not otherwise provided for using ozone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2401/00—Automatic detection in controlling methods of washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware, e.g. information provided by sensors entered into controlling devices
    • A47L2401/10—Water cloudiness or dirtiness, e.g. turbidity, foaming or level of bacteria
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2401/00—Automatic detection in controlling methods of washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware, e.g. information provided by sensors entered into controlling devices
    • A47L2401/34—Other automatic detections
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2501/00—Output in controlling method of washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware, i.e. quantities or components controlled, or actions performed by the controlling device executing the controlling method
    • A47L2501/16—Sterilisers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2501/00—Output in controlling method of washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware, i.e. quantities or components controlled, or actions performed by the controlling device executing the controlling method
    • A47L2501/30—Regulation of machine operational steps within the washing process, e.g. performing an additional rinsing phase, shortening or stopping of the drying phase, washing at decreased noise operation conditions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2601/00—Washing methods characterised by the use of a particular treatment
    • A47L2601/08—Ozone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/78—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/21—Dissolved organic carbon [DOC]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/23—O3
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2103/20—Washing liquid condition, e.g. turbidity
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2105/52—Changing sequence of operational steps; Carrying out additional operational steps; Modifying operational steps, e.g. by extending duration of steps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a water-containing appliance and a water-containing appliance for operating this method.
  • Water-containing appliances presently on the market e.g. dishwashers, especially domestic dishwashers or washing machines, especially domestic washing machines, usually have a control device—a program controller—with which a cleaning program, which can be composed of partial program steps, is operated and on which a cleaning program selected by the user with pre-set and/or selectable parameters can be set.
  • a control device e.g. dishwashers, especially domestic dishwashers or washing machines, especially domestic washing machines
  • a control device e.g. dishwashers, especially domestic dishwashers or washing machines, especially domestic washing machines
  • a method for operating a dishwasher has become known from DE 1 96 51 344 A1 in which at the beginning of the program the dishwasher is merely set in operation and the parameters to be set for the continuation of the cleaning process are set depending on at least one detected parameter necessary for the continuation of the cleaning process and influenced by it, wherein at least one parameter is determined by means of a turbidity sensor from the turbidity of the cleaning liquid and whereby a completely automatically controlled method for operating a dishwasher—a water-containing appliance—is created in which incorrect operation by the user is completely eliminated and whereby the power and water consumption of the basically automatic dishwasher is restricted to the lowest possible level.
  • a disadvantage with using a turbidity sensor according to the method described previously however is that contaminants of the cleaning liquid which are completely dissolved in the cleaning liquid, and in this situation produce no turbidity of the cleaning liquid, naturally cannot be identified. In such a case, therefore, it is not possible to determine the cleaning state of the items to be cleaned using turbidity sensors.
  • the degree of contamination of the cleaning liquid is determined by means of a wet combustion and determining the combustion quantity.
  • a pre-determined quantity of ozone is passed into, passed through and passed out of a partial quantity of the cleaning liquid and the quantity of ozone which is passed out is measured by means of at least one arranged sensor and compared with the quantity of ozone which was passed in.
  • ozone O 3
  • Ozone is completely constructed of oxygen atoms and is a high-energy form of oxygen and that ozone reacts rapidly especially with hydrocarbons, the hydrocarbons being converted into CO 2 and eliminated. This explains the use of ozone in sterilising, disinfecting and cleaning agents (see, for example, EP 0 716 686 B1). Ozone is barely soluble in water which is why any falsification of the measurement result by dissolution of the ozone in the liquid to be measured is not to be expected.
  • the disinfection and deodorising of an interior of a microwave oven (DE-OS 39 04 418) and the deodorising of a dishwasher using ozone (see DE-OS 39 21 177) are also known.
  • the treatment of supplied washing liquid by ozone for disinfection and deodorising is also known.
  • the method according to the invention is executed with said advantages using the water-containing appliance according to the invention.
  • the quantity of ozone which is passed out is preferably measured using at least one arranged sensor and compared in a control device with the quantity of ozone which is passed in.
  • the program sequence of the water-containing appliance can be changed on the basis of the result of the comparison. Should it now be found that the quantities are approximately the same, the items to be cleaned are completely freed from organic substances and termination of the cleaning process can be initiated. However, should it be found that the quantities are different, the cleaning process is continued in any case.
  • corresponding parameters of the program sequence of the water-containing appliance can be changed according to the difference determined between the quantities.
  • measures can be introduced via the control device of the water-containing appliance, which for example bring about more intensive cleaning, i.e., higher temperature or longer running time etc.
  • the residual quantity of ozone which is passed out again acts directly on the items to be cleaned and there can assist the cleaning action of the cleaning agent used and/or contribute to the deodorising.
  • the cleaning action of the cleaner is better activated by the action of the ozone whereby the use of tensides usually contained in such cleaning agents can be reduced.
  • Ozone also has a bleaching effect especially on contaminants adhering to the items to be cleaned which can be utilised by acting on the items to be cleaned. The bleaching effect on the contaminants reduces the adhesion of the contaminants on the items to be cleaned and thus brings about faster and better cleaning.
  • the ozone naturally also acts advantageously through the wet combustion in cleaning the remaining cleaning liquid.
  • ozone is fed into the interior of the appliance whereby a disinfection of the appliance interior and if desired and if these are still present, also of the items to be cleaned is achieved.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and device for carrying out said method in order to fully dissolve impurities in the cleaning fluid and thereby avoid turbidity in said cleaning fluid. According to the invention, the degree of impurity in said cleaning fluid is determined in at least one partial program step by means of wet combustion and the degree of combustion is established and the above-mentioned method is carried out in a water-guiding device.

Description

  • The invention relates to a method for operating a water-containing appliance and a water-containing appliance for operating this method.
  • Water-containing appliances presently on the market, e.g. dishwashers, especially domestic dishwashers or washing machines, especially domestic washing machines, usually have a control device—a program controller—with which a cleaning program, which can be composed of partial program steps, is operated and on which a cleaning program selected by the user with pre-set and/or selectable parameters can be set.
  • In contrast however, a method for operating a dishwasher—a water-containing appliance—has become known from DE 1 96 51 344 A1 in which at the beginning of the program the dishwasher is merely set in operation and the parameters to be set for the continuation of the cleaning process are set depending on at least one detected parameter necessary for the continuation of the cleaning process and influenced by it, wherein at least one parameter is determined by means of a turbidity sensor from the turbidity of the cleaning liquid and whereby a completely automatically controlled method for operating a dishwasher—a water-containing appliance—is created in which incorrect operation by the user is completely eliminated and whereby the power and water consumption of the basically automatic dishwasher is restricted to the lowest possible level.
  • A disadvantage with using a turbidity sensor according to the method described previously however is that contaminants of the cleaning liquid which are completely dissolved in the cleaning liquid, and in this situation produce no turbidity of the cleaning liquid, naturally cannot be identified. In such a case, therefore, it is not possible to determine the cleaning state of the items to be cleaned using turbidity sensors.
  • In practice, it has been found that organic substances in particular have this property. Since the items to be cleaned in water-containing appliances, e.g. dishwashers or washing machines, are mainly contaminated with organic residue—food remains, sweat, skin particles etc, detection using a turbidity sensor is not suitable for determining the degree of cleaning of the items to be cleaned in relation to the cleaning from soluble organic contaminants.
  • It is thus the object of the invention to provide a method and a device for operating this method with which contaminants of the cleaning liquid which dissolve completely in the cleaning liquid and in this case produce no turbidity of the cleaning liquid, can be identified.
  • This object is solved by the method according to the invention with the features according to claim 1 and the water-containing appliance with the features according to the further independent claim. Advantageous further developments of the inventions are characterised in the dependent claims.
  • According to the method for operating a water-containing appliance according to the invention, in at least one partial program step the degree of contamination of the cleaning liquid is determined by means of a wet combustion and determining the combustion quantity.
  • In a so-called wet combustion organic components contained in liquids are oxidised (“burnt”). From the combustion quantity, for example, in the case of the cleaning liquid in a dishwasher or washing machine it is possible to determine how much invisible dissolved organic residue is contained in the liquid and thus to determine the degree of cleaning of the items to be cleaned. The invention has succeeded in providing a method with which contaminants of the cleaning liquid which dissolve completely in the cleaning liquid and in this case produce no turbidity of the cleaning liquid can be identified.
  • According to a preferred feature of the invention, a pre-determined quantity of ozone is passed into, passed through and passed out of a partial quantity of the cleaning liquid and the quantity of ozone which is passed out is measured by means of at least one arranged sensor and compared with the quantity of ozone which was passed in. It is known that ozone (O3) is completely constructed of oxygen atoms and is a high-energy form of oxygen and that ozone reacts rapidly especially with hydrocarbons, the hydrocarbons being converted into CO2 and eliminated. This explains the use of ozone in sterilising, disinfecting and cleaning agents (see, for example, EP 0 716 686 B1). Ozone is barely soluble in water which is why any falsification of the measurement result by dissolution of the ozone in the liquid to be measured is not to be expected.
  • The disinfection and deodorising of an interior of a microwave oven (DE-OS 39 04 418) and the deodorising of a dishwasher using ozone (see DE-OS 39 21 177) are also known. The treatment of supplied washing liquid by ozone for disinfection and deodorising (see DE-OS 35 40 335) is also known.
  • The method according to the invention is executed with said advantages using the water-containing appliance according to the invention.
  • The quantity of ozone which is passed out is preferably measured using at least one arranged sensor and compared in a control device with the quantity of ozone which is passed in.
  • In an especially advantageous fashion the program sequence of the water-containing appliance can be changed on the basis of the result of the comparison. Should it now be found that the quantities are approximately the same, the items to be cleaned are completely freed from organic substances and termination of the cleaning process can be initiated. However, should it be found that the quantities are different, the cleaning process is continued in any case.
  • Advantageously, on the basis of the result of the comparison, corresponding parameters of the program sequence of the water-containing appliance can be changed according to the difference determined between the quantities. Thus, according to the difference determined between the quantities, i.e., according to the degree of cleaning of the items to be cleaned which has already been achieved, measures can be introduced via the control device of the water-containing appliance, which for example bring about more intensive cleaning, i.e., higher temperature or longer running time etc.
  • In the water-containing appliance according to the invention it is furthermore advantageous that the residual quantity of ozone which is passed out again, acts directly on the items to be cleaned and there can assist the cleaning action of the cleaning agent used and/or contribute to the deodorising. The cleaning action of the cleaner is better activated by the action of the ozone whereby the use of tensides usually contained in such cleaning agents can be reduced. Ozone also has a bleaching effect especially on contaminants adhering to the items to be cleaned which can be utilised by acting on the items to be cleaned. The bleaching effect on the contaminants reduces the adhesion of the contaminants on the items to be cleaned and thus brings about faster and better cleaning. The ozone naturally also acts advantageously through the wet combustion in cleaning the remaining cleaning liquid.
  • According to an advantageous embodiment of the water-containing appliance according to the invention, after the end of the cleaning process ozone is fed into the interior of the appliance whereby a disinfection of the appliance interior and if desired and if these are still present, also of the items to be cleaned is achieved.

Claims (9)

1-8. (canceled)
9. A method for operating a water-containing appliance, comprising:
subjecting a partial quantity of cleaning liquid in the appliance to a wet combustion treatment that combusts organic matter that may be present in the partial quantity of the cleaning liquid; and
characterizing the presence of organic matter in the cleaning liquid based upon the wet combustion results.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein a pre-determined quantity of ozone is passed in, passed through and passed out of a partial quantity of the cleaning liquid and the quantity of ozone which is passed out is measured and compared with the quantity of ozone which is passed in.
11. A water-containing appliance, comprising:
means for providing a partial quantity of a volume of a cleaning liquid in the appliance; and
means for subjecting the partial quantity of cleaning liquid in the appliance to a wet combustion treatment that combusts organic matter that may be present in the partial quantity of the cleaning liquid and for characterizing the presence of organic matter in the cleaning liquid based upon the wet combustion results.
12. The water-containing appliance according to claim 11, wherein the quantity of ozone which is passed out is measured by means of at least one arranged sensor and is compared in a control device with the quantity of ozone which is passed in.
13. The water-containing appliance according to claim 11, wherein on the basis of the comparison, the program sequence of the water-containing appliance can be changed.
14. The water-containing appliance according to claim 11, wherein on the bases of the result of the comparison, corresponding parameters of the program sequence of the water-containing appliance can be changed in accordance with the difference determined in the quantities.
15. The water-containing appliance according to claim 11, wherein the ozone which is passed out is passed onto the items to be cleaned.
16. The water-containing appliance according to claim 11, wherein after the end of the cleaning process ozone is fed into the interior of the appliance.
US11/043,715 2002-08-19 2005-01-26 Method for operating a water-containing appliance and water-containing appliance Abandoned US20050125911A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/644,285 US20130025074A1 (en) 2002-08-19 2012-10-04 Method for operating a water-containing appliance and water-containing appliance

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10237854.1 2002-08-19
DE10237854A DE10237854A1 (en) 2002-08-19 2002-08-19 Method for operating a water-carrying device and water-carrying device
WOPCT/EP03/08007 2003-07-22
PCT/EP2003/008007 WO2004021853A1 (en) 2002-08-19 2003-07-22 Method for operating a water-guiding device and water-guiding device

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2003/008007 Continuation WO2004021853A1 (en) 2002-08-19 2003-07-22 Method for operating a water-guiding device and water-guiding device

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/644,285 Division US20130025074A1 (en) 2002-08-19 2012-10-04 Method for operating a water-containing appliance and water-containing appliance

Publications (1)

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US20050125911A1 true US20050125911A1 (en) 2005-06-16

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Family Applications (2)

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US11/043,715 Abandoned US20050125911A1 (en) 2002-08-19 2005-01-26 Method for operating a water-containing appliance and water-containing appliance
US13/644,285 Abandoned US20130025074A1 (en) 2002-08-19 2012-10-04 Method for operating a water-containing appliance and water-containing appliance

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US13/644,285 Abandoned US20130025074A1 (en) 2002-08-19 2012-10-04 Method for operating a water-containing appliance and water-containing appliance

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US20050125911A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1531714B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1674823B (en)
AU (1) AU2003246729A1 (en)
DE (1) DE10237854A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004021853A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010030441A1 (en) * 2010-06-23 2011-12-29 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Method for determining laundry-specific properties in a laundry treatment appliance and laundry treatment appliance suitable for this purpose
US20130174871A1 (en) * 2012-01-11 2013-07-11 General Electric Company Dishwasher appliance with ozone level monitoring

Families Citing this family (3)

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DE102010028447A1 (en) * 2010-04-30 2011-11-03 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Method for detecting an operating state in a household appliance and household appliance suitable for this purpose
DE102010041662A1 (en) 2010-09-29 2012-04-26 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Method for operating household dishwasher, involves determining parameter of cleaning process as a function of consumed rate of gas that interacts with organic contaminants
DE102011007170A1 (en) * 2011-04-12 2012-10-18 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Method for detecting and indicating a degree of hygiene of the laundry and / or the laundry treatment appliance in a laundry treatment appliance and a laundry treatment appliance suitable for this purpose

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010030441A1 (en) * 2010-06-23 2011-12-29 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Method for determining laundry-specific properties in a laundry treatment appliance and laundry treatment appliance suitable for this purpose
DE102010030441B4 (en) * 2010-06-23 2021-01-28 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Method for determining laundry-specific properties in a laundry treatment device and a laundry treatment device suitable therefor
US20130174871A1 (en) * 2012-01-11 2013-07-11 General Electric Company Dishwasher appliance with ozone level monitoring
US9078554B2 (en) * 2012-01-11 2015-07-14 General Electric Company Dishwasher appliance with ozone level monitoring
US20150313442A1 (en) * 2012-01-11 2015-11-05 General Electric Company Dishwasher appliance with ozone level monitoring
US9307887B2 (en) * 2012-01-11 2016-04-12 General Electric Company Dishwasher appliance with ozone level monitoring

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EP1531714B1 (en) 2016-09-07
AU2003246729A1 (en) 2004-03-29
WO2004021853A1 (en) 2004-03-18
CN1674823A (en) 2005-09-28
EP1531714A1 (en) 2005-05-25
DE10237854A1 (en) 2004-03-04
CN1674823B (en) 2010-04-28
US20130025074A1 (en) 2013-01-31

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