US20050123378A1 - Decorative capped wheel nut or bolt assembly and method - Google Patents
Decorative capped wheel nut or bolt assembly and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050123378A1 US20050123378A1 US11/038,356 US3835605A US2005123378A1 US 20050123378 A1 US20050123378 A1 US 20050123378A1 US 3835605 A US3835605 A US 3835605A US 2005123378 A1 US2005123378 A1 US 2005123378A1
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- Prior art keywords
- cap
- section
- insert
- circular cylindrical
- cross
- Prior art date
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- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BULVZWIRKLYCBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phorate Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)SCSCC BULVZWIRKLYCBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B37/00—Nuts or like thread-engaging members
- F16B37/14—Cap nuts; Nut caps or bolt caps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B4/00—Shrinkage connections, e.g. assembled with the parts at different temperature; Force fits; Non-releasable friction-grip fastenings
- F16B4/004—Press fits, force fits, interference fits, i.e. fits without heat or chemical treatment
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to wheel nuts or bolts for securing a vehicle wheel, i.e., a tire and rim, on a motor vehicle. It relates particularly to a decorative capped wheel nut or bolt assembly and assembly method.
- a decorative capped wheel nuts and bolts are well-known in the automotive art.
- a decorative capped wheel nut assembly for example, conventionally comprises a nut insert and a decorative cap which is fastened to the insert by welding, crimping or with an adhesive. Examples of these constructions are illustrated in various prior art patents, including the Toth U.S. Pat. No. 4,955,773, the Bydalek U.S. Pat. No. 5,772,377, the Chaivre U.S. Pat. No. 4,018,133, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,056,862, the Baltzell U.S. Pat. No. 4,764,070 and the Somers et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,036,420, for example. It is also known to form threads in a cap and in a lug nut and thread the cap onto the nut. See the Nolan et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,180,266 in this regard.
- An object of the invention is to provide an improved decorative capped wheel nut or wheel bolt assembly.
- Another object is to provide a decorative capped wheel nut or wheel bolt assembly wherein the decorative cap is secured to the nut or bolt insert without welding, applying an adhesive, or using a sealant or O-ring.
- Yet another object is to provide a decorative cap and insert assembly which is simpler and less expensive, but just as reliable, as prior art assemblies.
- Still another object is to provide a new and improved method of assembling a decorative cap and nut or bolt insert.
- the insert includes at least one section with a plated, coated or plated and coated circular cylindrical outer surface.
- the cap has a corresponding segment with a circular cylindrical inner surface which has an inside diameter 0.010 to 0.030 inches smaller than the outside diameter of the coated circular cylindrical outer surface.
- the cap is fabricated of material which makes it radially deformable both plastically and elastically.
- the insert is press fit into the cap, driving the cap's cylindrical inner surface over the insert's coated circular cylindrical outer surface. Radial plastic and elastic deformation of the cap occurs. A 0.002 to 0.006 inches interference fit is formed around the interfering circular cylindrical surfaces by the elastic deformation of the cap.
- a straight cylindrical interference fit is sufficient to retain the cap on the nut insert permanently.
- the cap rim may also be crimped, however.
- the cap rim may be thickened and snap behind a shoulder on the insert.
- the improved method of retaining a cap on the insert body requires only two components, the cap and the insert, thus reducing the extra expense of an additional component and the complexities of introducing this extra component into the assembly process. It also allows the use of all types of coating, plating and coating or plating alone on the insert, which is not possible using current welding assembly methods. Further cost savings may be achieved with higher assembly rates using simple hydraulic, pneumatic, or mechanical press equipment.
- FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a first embodiment of the invention in a decorative capped wheel nut assembly
- FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the wheel nut assembly seen in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the nut insert for the decorative capped wheel nut assembly seen in FIGS. 1 and 2 ;
- FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the nut insert seen in FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 5 is a bottom plan view of the cap for the decorative capped wheel nut assembly seen in FIGS. 1 and 2 ;
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6 - 6 of FIG. 2 ;
- FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic illustration of an insert being press fit into a cap in a mechanical press
- FIG. 8 is a side view, partially in elevation and partially in section, of a second embodiment of the capped invention.
- FIG. 9 is a top plan view of the capped wheel nut assembly seen in FIG. 8 ;
- FIG. 10 is a split elevational/sectional view, similar to FIG. 8 , of a third embodiment of the capped wheel nut assembly invention.
- FIG. 11 is a top plan view of the capped wheel nut assembly seen in FIG. 10 ;
- FIG. 12 is a split elevational/sectional view, similar to FIG. 8 , of a fourth embodiment of the invention, a decorative capped wheel bolt assembly;
- FIG. 13 is a top plan view of the capped wheel bolt assembly seen in FIG. 12 ;
- FIG. 14 is a split elevational/sectional view, similar to FIG. 8 , of a fifth embodiment of the invention, another decorative capped wheel bolt assembly;
- FIG. 15 is a top plan view of the capped wheel bolt assembly seen in FIG. 14 ;
- FIG. 16 is a split elevational/sectional view, similar to FIG. 8 , of a sixth embodiment of the invention, another capped wheel nut assembly;
- FIG. 17 is a top plan view of the capped wheel nut assembly seen in FIG. 16 ;
- FIG. 18 is a split elevational/sectional view, similar to FIG. 8 , of a seventh embodiment of the invention, yet another capped wheel nut assembly;
- FIG. 19 is a top plan view of the capped wheel nut assembly seen in FIG. 18 ;
- FIG. 20 is an enlarged portion of the assembly seen in FIG. 18 ;
- FIG. 21 is an enlarged portion of an assembly similar to that of FIG. 20 , showing a variation of the seventh embodiment assembly.
- a decorative capped wheel nut assembly comprising a first embodiment of the present invention is seen generally at 10 .
- the wheel nut assembly 10 includes a nut insert 12 and a decorative cap 14 fastened securely together by a method embodying features of the invention.
- FIGS. 1, 2 and 6 illustrate the wheel nut 10 assembly, i.e., an assembled nut insert 12 and cap 14 .
- FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate a nut insert 12 separately.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a cap 14 separately (end view).
- the nut insert 12 comprises a body 21 having a cylindrical bore 23 extending axially through it from a hex-shaped section 24 on one end to a frusto-conical base 25 on the other.
- the nut insert 12 is commonly referred to as a hex-nut insert and is fabricated in a conventional manner of carbon steel.
- the frusto-conical base 25 is adapted to seat in a conventional manner in a wheel rim aperture (not shown) to fasten the wheel rim to a vehicle wheel stud (not shown).
- the bore 23 is internally threaded at its inner end 27 to receive the stud.
- the nut insert 12 is coated in a conventional manner to prevent oxidation of exposed areas.
- a coating of GEOMET brand coating material available from Metal Coatings International, Inc. of Chardon, Ohio is applied.
- GEOMET is a coating comprised mainly of overlapping zinc and aluminum flake in an inorganic binder, and is chromium free. It is applied over the entire insert 12 to a thickness of 0.001 inches.
- the insert body 21 has two cylindrical body sections 31 and 33 .
- the section 31 of the illustrated insert body 21 has a cylindrical outer (coated) surface 35 with an outside diameter (OD) of 0.930 inches.
- the surface 35 has an axial length of 0.130 inches.
- the section 33 has a cylindrical outer (coated) surface 39 with an OD of 0.955 inches.
- the surface 33 has an axial length of 0.0625 inches.
- a radially extending shoulder 41 is formed between the two cylindrical surfaces 31 and 33 .
- the cap 14 comprises three axially aligned wall segments; a dome-shaped end wall segment 51 , a hex cross-section side wall segment 53 and a circular cylindrical side wall segment 55 .
- the configuration and internal cross-sectional dimensions of the hex-shaped side wall segment 53 are such that it slips easily over the coated, hex-shaped section 24 of the insert body.
- the internal cross-sectional dimension of the circular cylindrical side wall segment 55 is such that a predetermined elastic interference fit is formed between the inner surface 57 of the wall segment 55 and the coated cylindrical outer surface 35 of the insert body 21 when the cap 14 is press fit onto the insert 12 .
- the cap 14 is fabricated of stainless steel sheet with a nominal thickness of 0 . 018 to 0.020 inches.
- the inside diameter (ID) of the cylindrical wall segment 55 is preferably 0.910 inches.
- the portion of deformation that is plastic serves to allow a reasonable manufacturing tolerance for both components.
- the elastic deformation results in tensile hoop stresses in the cap 14 and constitutes the mechanism by which the cap 14 is retained on the insert 12 .
- the resulting interference fit is approximately 0.0025 inches around the interfering circular cylindrical surfaces as a result of elastic deformation, but can vary with changes in cap wall thickness or mechanical properties of the cap material.
- FIG. 7 illustrates the assembly of a nut insert 12 into a cap 14 in a simple mechanical press P.
- the press P comprises a fixed die Dl in which the cap 14 is seated.
- a movable die D 2 receives the insert 12 and drives it downwardly onto the cap 14 under the influence of pressure exerted in a conventional manner by the mechanical press P.
- the fixed die D 1 receives the cap 14 in a well W.
- the well W is dimensioned to permit the radial expansion of the cylindrical side wall segment 55 which takes place in the cap 14 as the insert 12 is press fit into the cap 14 .
- a decorative capped wheel nut assembly comprising a second embodiment of the invention is seen generally at 110 .
- the assembly 110 includes a nut insert 112 and a decorative cap 114 fastened together according to the present invention.
- the nut insert 112 comprises a body 121 having a cylindrical bore 123 extending axially through it from a cylindrical section 131 on one end to a frusto-conical base 125 on the other.
- the base 125 is adapted to seat in a wheel rim aperture (not shown).
- the bore 123 is internally threaded at 127 .
- the insert 112 is coated in a manner previously discussed.
- the hex-shaped section 124 corresponds to the hex section 24 in the insert body 21 of the assembly 10 .
- the axially outer, or end cylindrical section 131 has a coated cylindrical outer surface 135 with an OD of 0.660 inches.
- the surface 135 has an axial length of 0.190 inches.
- the cap 114 which is again formed from stainless steel sheet, comprises four axially aligned segments; a dome shaped end wall segment 151 , a cylindrical side wall segment 155 , a hex-shaped side wall segment 153 and a frusto-conical lip 152 .
- the configuration and internal cross-sectional dimensions of the hex-shaped side wall segment 153 are such that it slips easily over the coated hex-shaped section 124 in the insert body 121 .
- the ID of the cylindrical wall segment 155 is 0.640 inches.
- the elastic deformation constitutes the mechanism by which the cap 114 is retained on the insert 112 .
- the resulting interference fit is approximately 0.0025, again varying with changes in cap wall thickness or mechanical properties of the cap material.
- a decorative capped wheel nut assembly comprising a third embodiment of the invention is seen generally at 210 .
- the assembly 210 includes a nut insert 212 and a decorative cap 214 fastened together according to the invention.
- the nut insert 212 comprises a body 221 having a cylindrical bore 223 extending axially through it from a cylindrical section 231 on one end to a frusto-conical base 225 on the other.
- the base 225 is adapted to seat in a wheel rim aperture (not shown).
- the bore 223 is internally threaded at 227 .
- the insert 212 is coated.
- the hex-shaped section 224 corresponds to the section 24 in the insert body 21 of the insert 12 .
- the insert body 221 has two cylindrical body sections 233 and 234 .
- the axially outer cylindrical section 233 of the two has a coated cylindrical outer surface 235 with an outside diameter (OD) of 0.930 inches.
- the surface 235 has an axial length of 0.130 inches.
- a radially extending shoulder 241 is formed between the two cylindrical surfaces 233 and 234 .
- the end cylindrical section 231 has a coated cylindrical outer surface 236 with an OD of 0.660 inches.
- the surface 236 has an axial length of 0.190 inches.
- the cap 214 again formed of stainless steel sheet, comprises four axially aligned segments; a dome shaped end wall segment 251 , an end circular cylindrical side wall segment 255 , a hex-shaped side wall segment 253 and a circular cylindrical side wall segment 252 .
- the configuration and internal cross-sectional dimensions of the hex-shaped side wall segment 253 are such that it will slip freely over the coated hex-shaped section 224 in the insert body 221 .
- the ID of the cylindrical wall segment 255 is 0.640 inches.
- the cylindrical wall segment 255 undergoes the aforedescribed plastic and elastic deformation as it is forced over the coated cylindrical surface 236 .
- the resulting interference fit is again approximately 0.0025.
- the ID of the cylindrical side-wall segment 252 is 0.910 inches. As such, an interference fit of 0.0025 inches is effected at the same time between the side-wall segment 252 and the coated outer surface 235 of the end cylindrical section 231 .
- FIGS. 12-15 the invention is seen in the context of a wheel bolt rather than a wheel nut.
- a decorative capped wheel bolt assembly comprising a fourth embodiment of the invention is seen generally at 310 .
- the assembly 310 includes a bolt insert 312 and a decorative cap 314 .
- the bolt insert 312 comprises a bolt body 321 fabricated of carbon steel in a conventional manner.
- the body 321 includes a hex-shaped section 324 at one end and an externally threaded base 327 at the opposite end.
- the insert 312 is coated in a manner previously discussed.
- the circular cylindrical section 331 has a coated cylindrical outer surface 335 .
- the OD of surface 335 is 0.895 inches.
- the surface 335 has an axial length of 0.165 inches.
- the frusto-conical section 333 is adapted to seat in a wheel rim aperture (not shown) to fasten the wheel rim to a vehicle wheel.
- the threaded base 327 of the insert 312 threads into the wheel hub in a well known manner.
- the cap 314 again formed from stainless steel sheet, comprises three axially aligned segments, a dome shaped end wall segment 351 , a hexshaped side wall segment 353 and a cylindrical side wall segment 355 .
- the configuration and internal cross-sectional dimensions of the hex-shaped side wall segment 353 are such that it slips easily over the coated hex-shaped section 324 in the insert body 321 .
- the ID of the cylindrical wall segment 355 is 0.875 inches.
- the cylindrical wall segment 355 undergoes the aforedescribed plastic and elastic deformation as it is forced over the coated surface 335 on the bolt body 321 .
- the resulting interference fit is again approximately 0.0025 inches.
- a decorative capped wheel bolt assembly comprising a fifth embodiment of the invention is seen generally at 410 .
- the assembly 410 also includes a bolt insert 412 and a decorative cap 414 .
- the bolt insert 412 comprises a bolt body 421 fabricated of carbon steel in a conventional manner.
- the body 421 includes a hex-shaped section 424 near one end and an externally threaded base 427 at the opposite end.
- the insert 412 is coated in a manner previously discussed.
- the insert 412 includes a circular cylindrical section 431 .
- the circular cylindrical section 431 has a coated cylindrical outer surface 435 .
- the OD of surface 435 is 0.615 inches.
- the surface 435 has an axial length of 0.150 inches.
- the insert 412 also has a spherical section 433 adapted to seat in a conventional manner in a wheel rim aperture (not shown) to fasten the wheel rim to a vehicle wheel.
- the threaded base 427 of the insert 412 threads into the wheel in a well known manner.
- the cap 414 again formed from stainless steel sheet, comprises three axially aligned segments; a dome shaped end wall segment 451 , a cylindrical side wall segment 455 , a hex-shaped side wall segment 453 and a flared lip 456 .
- the configuration and internal cross-sectional dimensions of the hex-shaped side wall segment 453 are such that it slips easily over the coated hex-shaped section 424 in the insert body 421 .
- the ID of the cylindrical wall segment 455 is 0.595 inches.
- the cylindrical wall segment 455 undergoes the aforedescribed plastic and elastic deformation. As it is forced over the coated cylindrical surface 435 on the bolt body 421 , an interference fit of approximately 0.0025 inches is effected around the coated surface 435 .
- FIGS. 16 and 17 illustrate yet a sixth embodiment of a capped wheel nut assembly embodying features of the invention at 510 .
- the assembly 510 includes a nut insert 512 and a decorative cap 514 .
- the nut insert 512 comprises a body 521 having a cylindrical bore 523 extending axially through it from a hex-shaped section 524 on one end to a frusto-conical base 525 on the other.
- the base 525 is adapted to seat in a wheel rim aperture (not shown).
- the bore 523 is internally threaded at 527 .
- the insert 512 is coated.
- the insert body 521 has a body section 533 .
- the body section 533 of the illustrated insert body 521 has a coated cylindrical outer surface 535 with an OD of 1.160 inches and an axial length of 0.130 inches. Below the cylindrical body section surface 535 , and above the frusto-conical base 525 , there is an undercut 534 .
- the cap 514 comprises three axially aligned wall segments; a dome-shaped end wall segment 551 , a hex cross-section side wall segment 553 , a circular cylindrical side wall segment 555 and a crimp section 556 .
- the configuration and internal cross-sectional dimensions of the hex-shaped side wall segment 553 are such that it slips easily over the coated, hex-shaped section 524 of the insert body (before the inward crimp section 556 is formed).
- the internal cross-sectional dimension of the circular cylindrical side wall segment 555 is such that a predetermined interference fit is formed between the inner surface 557 of the wall segment 555 and the coated cylindrical outer surface 535 of the insert body 521 when the cap 514 is press fit onto the insert 512 .
- the cap 514 is fabricated of stainless steel sheet with a nominal thickness of 0.018 to 0.020 inches.
- the inside diameter (ID) of the cylindrical wall segment 555 is preferably 1.140 inches.
- the cap 514 is pressed onto the insert 512 and the cylindrical wall segment 555 undergoes plastic and elastic deformation. The resulting interference fit is approximately 0.0025.
- the crimp section 556 is formed inwardly after the insert 512 is press fit into the cap 514 in the aforedescribed manner. Crimping may be accomplished as a continuation of the press-fit operation.
- the crimp section 556 is crimped into engagement with the undercut 534 on the insert body 521 .
- the crimp feature is offered as an option where the assembly 510 may be subject to extreme wrenching abuse, and assures that it will remain intact under such conditions. It also provides a pleasing decorative appearance to the assembly.
- the interference fit and the crimp then both serve to hold the cap 514 securely on the insert 512 with the interference fit serving the further function of blocking the entry of moisture at the juncture of surfaces 535 and 557 .
- FIGS. 18-20 illustrate a seventh embodiment of a capped wheel nut assembly embodying features of the invention at 610 .
- the assembly 610 includes a nut insert 612 and a decorative cap 614 .
- the nut insert 612 comprises a body 621 having a cylindrical bore 623 extending axially through it from a hex-shaped section 624 on one end to a frusto-conical base 625 on the other.
- the base 625 is adapted to seat in a wheel rim aperture (not shown).
- the bore 623 is internally threaded at 627 .
- the insert 612 is coated.
- the insert body 621 has a body section 633 .
- the body section 633 of the illustrated insert body 621 has a coated cylindrical surface 635 adjacent the base 625 which has an axial length of 0.180 inches.
- the coated cylindrical surface 635 includes a first cylindrical surface 641 having an OD of 0.910 inches and an axial length of 0.070 inches and a second cylindrical surface 642 having an OD of 0.890 inches and an axial length of 0.110 inches.
- An annular shoulder 643 having a width of 0.010 inches is, thus, formed between the first and second surfaces 641 and 642 .
- the cap 614 comprises three axially aligned wall segments; a dome-shaped end wall segment 651 , a hex cross-section side wall segment 653 and a generally circular cylindrical side wall segment 655 .
- the configuration and internal cross-sectional dimensions of the hex-shaped side wall segment 653 are such that it slips easily over the coated, hex-shaped section 624 of the insert body.
- the circular cylindrical side wall segment 655 includes a lip 656 folded back inside the wall segment. As seen in FIG. 20 , the lip 656 doubles the wall segment 655 thickness at its outer end, as seen at 657 . Coextensive with the lip 656 , the wall segment 655 is also formed slightly outwardly so that the double thickness portion 657 of it is effectively centered under the segment 655 .
- the cap 614 is fabricated of stainless steel sheet with a nominal thickness of 0.018 to 0.020 inches.
- the inside diameter (ID) of the cylindrical wall segment 655 not covered by the lip 656 is preferably 0.890 inches.
- the cap 614 is pressed onto the insert 612 and the cylindrical wall segment 655 undergoes plastic and elastic deformation.
- the resulting interference fit between the first cylindrical surface 641 and wall segment 655 is approximately 0.0025 inches.
- both the wall segment 655 not covered by the lip 656 and the double thickness portion 657 of the wall segment 655 , 656 including the lip stretch radially outwardly as the cap 614 is pressed on to the insert 612 .
- the lip 656 passes the shoulder 643 , it snaps radially inwardly due to the elastic component of the deformation, effectively locking the cap on the nut insert.
- FIG. 21 a variation of the seventh embodiment capped wheel nut assembly 610 is seen at 710 .
- the assembly 710 is very similar in construction and operation to the assembly 610 , so only differences are described. Reference numerals which correspond to those of the assembly plus 100 digits are employed.
- the circular cylindrical wall segment 755 of the cap 714 has an axially longer cylindrical lip 756 , and the shoulder 743 is located accordingly. No offset is formed in the wall segment 755 so the double thickness portion 757 is not centered under the remainder of the wall segment 755 .
- the cylindrical surface 742 adjacent the shoulder 743 has an outside diameter of 0.890 inches.
- the inside diameter of the cylindrical lip 756 is 0.870 inches.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Dowels (AREA)
- Connection Of Plates (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
- Gripping Jigs, Holding Jigs, And Positioning Jigs (AREA)
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Abstract
A decorative cap and wheel nut or bolt insert assembly, and a method of assembling them. The insert is coated and/or plated and includes a hex-haped section and a section having a circular cylindrical outer surface. A cap includes a hex cross-section segment and a circular cylindrical cross-section segment. The hex cross-section segment of the cap slips easily over the hex section of the insert while the circular cylindrical cross-section segment has a smaller ID than the OD of the circular cylindrical insert section. The cap is formed of sheet material which is both plastically and elastically deformable. When pressed onto the insert, the cap deforms both plastically and elastically. An interference fit is formed between them by radial plastic deformation of the cap.
Description
- This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/303,564, filed Nov. 25, 2002, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/828,662, filed Apr. 5, 2001, now abandoned. The disclosure of application Ser. No. 10/303,564 is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
- This invention relates generally to wheel nuts or bolts for securing a vehicle wheel, i.e., a tire and rim, on a motor vehicle. It relates particularly to a decorative capped wheel nut or bolt assembly and assembly method.
- Decorative capped wheel nuts and bolts are well-known in the automotive art. A decorative capped wheel nut assembly, for example, conventionally comprises a nut insert and a decorative cap which is fastened to the insert by welding, crimping or with an adhesive. Examples of these constructions are illustrated in various prior art patents, including the Toth U.S. Pat. No. 4,955,773, the Bydalek U.S. Pat. No. 5,772,377, the Chaivre U.S. Pat. No. 4,018,133, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,056,862, the Baltzell U.S. Pat. No. 4,764,070 and the Somers et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,036,420, for example. It is also known to form threads in a cap and in a lug nut and thread the cap onto the nut. See the Nolan et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,180,266 in this regard.
- All nut or bolt and cap assemblies described in the prior art require relatively complex fastening structures, assembly procedures and/or additional components. Assemblies made by welding require expensive and sophisticated equipment for implementation of production. Practical options for plating the inserts are limited where welding is employed, placing welded designs at a disadvantage for achieving high corrosion resistance. Crimped fastening designs require the addition of components, i.e., a sealant or O-ring, which complicates automated assembly. The use of adhesives for fastening causes similar problems. Because of the nature of welding, or the use of additional components, production rates for these assemblies processes are low.
- An object of the invention is to provide an improved decorative capped wheel nut or wheel bolt assembly.
- Another object is to provide a decorative capped wheel nut or wheel bolt assembly wherein the decorative cap is secured to the nut or bolt insert without welding, applying an adhesive, or using a sealant or O-ring.
- Yet another object is to provide a decorative cap and insert assembly which is simpler and less expensive, but just as reliable, as prior art assemblies.
- Still another object is to provide a new and improved method of assembling a decorative cap and nut or bolt insert.
- The foregoing and other objects are realized in an insert and cap assembly wherein the components are securely fastened together by creating an interference fit between the cap and the insert. Specifically, the insert includes at least one section with a plated, coated or plated and coated circular cylindrical outer surface. The cap has a corresponding segment with a circular cylindrical inner surface which has an inside diameter 0.010 to 0.030 inches smaller than the outside diameter of the coated circular cylindrical outer surface. The cap is fabricated of material which makes it radially deformable both plastically and elastically. The insert is press fit into the cap, driving the cap's cylindrical inner surface over the insert's coated circular cylindrical outer surface. Radial plastic and elastic deformation of the cap occurs. A 0.002 to 0.006 inches interference fit is formed around the interfering circular cylindrical surfaces by the elastic deformation of the cap.
- In most applications of the invention, a straight cylindrical interference fit is sufficient to retain the cap on the nut insert permanently. In another aspect of the invention the cap rim may also be crimped, however. In yet another aspect, the cap rim may be thickened and snap behind a shoulder on the insert.
- The improved method of retaining a cap on the insert body requires only two components, the cap and the insert, thus reducing the extra expense of an additional component and the complexities of introducing this extra component into the assembly process. It also allows the use of all types of coating, plating and coating or plating alone on the insert, which is not possible using current welding assembly methods. Further cost savings may be achieved with higher assembly rates using simple hydraulic, pneumatic, or mechanical press equipment.
- The invention, including its construction and method of operation, is illustrated more or less diagrammatically in the drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a first embodiment of the invention in a decorative capped wheel nut assembly; -
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the wheel nut assembly seen inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the nut insert for the decorative capped wheel nut assembly seen inFIGS. 1 and 2 ; -
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the nut insert seen inFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 5 is a bottom plan view of the cap for the decorative capped wheel nut assembly seen inFIGS. 1 and 2 ; -
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6-6 ofFIG. 2 ; -
FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic illustration of an insert being press fit into a cap in a mechanical press; -
FIG. 8 is a side view, partially in elevation and partially in section, of a second embodiment of the capped invention; -
FIG. 9 is a top plan view of the capped wheel nut assembly seen inFIG. 8 ; -
FIG. 10 is a split elevational/sectional view, similar toFIG. 8 , of a third embodiment of the capped wheel nut assembly invention; -
FIG. 11 is a top plan view of the capped wheel nut assembly seen inFIG. 10 ; -
FIG. 12 is a split elevational/sectional view, similar toFIG. 8 , of a fourth embodiment of the invention, a decorative capped wheel bolt assembly; -
FIG. 13 is a top plan view of the capped wheel bolt assembly seen inFIG. 12 ; -
FIG. 14 is a split elevational/sectional view, similar toFIG. 8 , of a fifth embodiment of the invention, another decorative capped wheel bolt assembly; -
FIG. 15 is a top plan view of the capped wheel bolt assembly seen inFIG. 14 ; -
FIG. 16 is a split elevational/sectional view, similar toFIG. 8 , of a sixth embodiment of the invention, another capped wheel nut assembly; -
FIG. 17 is a top plan view of the capped wheel nut assembly seen in FIG. 16; -
FIG. 18 is a split elevational/sectional view, similar toFIG. 8 , of a seventh embodiment of the invention, yet another capped wheel nut assembly; -
FIG. 19 is a top plan view of the capped wheel nut assembly seen inFIG. 18 ; -
FIG. 20 is an enlarged portion of the assembly seen inFIG. 18 ; and -
FIG. 21 is an enlarged portion of an assembly similar to that ofFIG. 20 , showing a variation of the seventh embodiment assembly. - Referring now to the drawings, and particularly to
FIGS. 1-6 , a decorative capped wheel nut assembly comprising a first embodiment of the present invention is seen generally at 10. Thewheel nut assembly 10 includes anut insert 12 and adecorative cap 14 fastened securely together by a method embodying features of the invention. -
FIGS. 1, 2 and 6 illustrate thewheel nut 10 assembly, i.e., an assemblednut insert 12 andcap 14.FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate anut insert 12 separately.FIG. 5 illustrates acap 14 separately (end view). - As seen in
FIGS. 3, 4 and 6, thenut insert 12 comprises abody 21 having acylindrical bore 23 extending axially through it from a hex-shapedsection 24 on one end to a frusto-conical base 25 on the other. Thenut insert 12 is commonly referred to as a hex-nut insert and is fabricated in a conventional manner of carbon steel. The frusto-conical base 25 is adapted to seat in a conventional manner in a wheel rim aperture (not shown) to fasten the wheel rim to a vehicle wheel stud (not shown). Thebore 23 is internally threaded at itsinner end 27 to receive the stud. - The
nut insert 12 is coated in a conventional manner to prevent oxidation of exposed areas. In the embodiment illustrated a coating of GEOMET brand coating material available from Metal Coatings International, Inc. of Chardon, Ohio, is applied. GEOMET is a coating comprised mainly of overlapping zinc and aluminum flake in an inorganic binder, and is chromium free. It is applied over theentire insert 12 to a thickness of 0.001 inches. - Between the hex-shaped
section 24 and the frusto-conical base 25, theinsert body 21 has twocylindrical body sections section 31 of the illustratedinsert body 21 has a cylindrical outer (coated) surface 35 with an outside diameter (OD) of 0.930 inches. Thesurface 35 has an axial length of 0.130 inches. Thesection 33 has a cylindrical outer (coated) surface 39 with an OD of 0.955 inches. Thesurface 33 has an axial length of 0.0625 inches. Aradially extending shoulder 41 is formed between the twocylindrical surfaces - As seen in
FIGS. 2, 5 and 6, thecap 14 comprises three axially aligned wall segments; a dome-shapedend wall segment 51, a hex cross-sectionside wall segment 53 and a circular cylindricalside wall segment 55. The configuration and internal cross-sectional dimensions of the hex-shapedside wall segment 53 are such that it slips easily over the coated, hex-shapedsection 24 of the insert body. According to the invention, however, as will hereinafter be further discussed, the internal cross-sectional dimension of the circular cylindricalside wall segment 55 is such that a predetermined elastic interference fit is formed between theinner surface 57 of thewall segment 55 and the coated cylindricalouter surface 35 of theinsert body 21 when thecap 14 is press fit onto theinsert 12. - The
cap 14 is fabricated of stainless steel sheet with a nominal thickness of 0.018 to 0.020 inches. The inside diameter (ID) of thecylindrical wall segment 55 is preferably 0.910 inches. When thecap 14 is pressed onto theinsert 12, thecylindrical wall segment 55 undergoes both plastic and elastic deformation. The portion of deformation that is plastic serves to allow a reasonable manufacturing tolerance for both components. The elastic deformation results in tensile hoop stresses in thecap 14 and constitutes the mechanism by which thecap 14 is retained on theinsert 12. The resulting interference fit is approximately 0.0025 inches around the interfering circular cylindrical surfaces as a result of elastic deformation, but can vary with changes in cap wall thickness or mechanical properties of the cap material. -
FIG. 7 illustrates the assembly of anut insert 12 into acap 14 in a simple mechanical press P. The press P comprises a fixed die Dl in which thecap 14 is seated. A movable die D2 receives theinsert 12 and drives it downwardly onto thecap 14 under the influence of pressure exerted in a conventional manner by the mechanical press P. The fixed die D1 receives thecap 14 in a well W. The well W is dimensioned to permit the radial expansion of the cylindricalside wall segment 55 which takes place in thecap 14 as theinsert 12 is press fit into thecap 14. - Referring now to
FIGS. 8 and 9 , a decorative capped wheel nut assembly comprising a second embodiment of the invention is seen generally at 110. Theassembly 110 includes anut insert 112 and adecorative cap 114 fastened together according to the present invention. - The
nut insert 112 comprises abody 121 having acylindrical bore 123 extending axially through it from acylindrical section 131 on one end to a frusto-conical base 125 on the other. Thebase 125 is adapted to seat in a wheel rim aperture (not shown). Thebore 123 is internally threaded at 127. Theinsert 112 is coated in a manner previously discussed. - Between the
conical base 125 and thecylindrical section 131, there is a hex-shapedsection 124. The hex-shapedsection 124 corresponds to thehex section 24 in theinsert body 21 of theassembly 10. - The axially outer, or end
cylindrical section 131, has a coated cylindricalouter surface 135 with an OD of 0.660 inches. Thesurface 135 has an axial length of 0.190 inches. - As seen in
FIG. 8 thecap 114, which is again formed from stainless steel sheet, comprises four axially aligned segments; a dome shapedend wall segment 151, a cylindricalside wall segment 155, a hex-shapedside wall segment 153 and a frusto-conical lip 152. The configuration and internal cross-sectional dimensions of the hex-shapedside wall segment 153 are such that it slips easily over the coated hex-shapedsection 124 in theinsert body 121. - The ID of the
cylindrical wall segment 155 is 0.640 inches. When thecap 114 is pressed onto theinsert 112, thecylindrical wall segment 155 undergoes both plastic and elastic deformation in the manner hereinbefore discussed with relation to thecap 14. The elastic deformation constitutes the mechanism by which thecap 114 is retained on theinsert 112. The resulting interference fit is approximately 0.0025, again varying with changes in cap wall thickness or mechanical properties of the cap material. - Referring now to
FIGS. 10 and 11 , a decorative capped wheel nut assembly comprising a third embodiment of the invention is seen generally at 210. Theassembly 210 includes anut insert 212 and adecorative cap 214 fastened together according to the invention. - The
nut insert 212 comprises abody 221 having acylindrical bore 223 extending axially through it from acylindrical section 231 on one end to a frusto-conical base 225 on the other. Thebase 225 is adapted to seat in a wheel rim aperture (not shown). Thebore 223 is internally threaded at 227. Like theinserts insert 212 is coated. - Between the
conical base 225 and the endcylindrical section 231 there is a hex-shapedsection 224. The hex-shapedsection 224 corresponds to thesection 24 in theinsert body 21 of theinsert 12. - Between the hex-shaped
section 224 and the frusto-conical base 225, theinsert body 221 has twocylindrical body sections cylindrical section 233 of the two has a coated cylindricalouter surface 235 with an outside diameter (OD) of 0.930 inches. Thesurface 235 has an axial length of 0.130 inches. Aradially extending shoulder 241 is formed between the twocylindrical surfaces - The end
cylindrical section 231 has a coated cylindrical outer surface 236 with an OD of 0.660 inches. The surface 236 has an axial length of 0.190 inches. - As seen in
FIG. 11 , thecap 214, again formed of stainless steel sheet, comprises four axially aligned segments; a dome shapedend wall segment 251, an end circular cylindricalside wall segment 255, a hex-shapedside wall segment 253 and a circular cylindricalside wall segment 252. The configuration and internal cross-sectional dimensions of the hex-shapedside wall segment 253 are such that it will slip freely over the coated hex-shapedsection 224 in theinsert body 221. - The ID of the
cylindrical wall segment 255 is 0.640 inches. When thecap 214 is pressed onto theinsert 212, thecylindrical wall segment 255 undergoes the aforedescribed plastic and elastic deformation as it is forced over the coated cylindrical surface 236. The resulting interference fit is again approximately 0.0025. - The ID of the cylindrical side-
wall segment 252 is 0.910 inches. As such, an interference fit of 0.0025 inches is effected at the same time between the side-wall segment 252 and the coatedouter surface 235 of the endcylindrical section 231. - In
FIGS. 12-15 the invention is seen in the context of a wheel bolt rather than a wheel nut. Referring specifically toFIGS. 12 and 13 , a decorative capped wheel bolt assembly comprising a fourth embodiment of the invention is seen generally at 310. Theassembly 310 includes abolt insert 312 and adecorative cap 314. - The
bolt insert 312 comprises abolt body 321 fabricated of carbon steel in a conventional manner. Thebody 321 includes a hex-shapedsection 324 at one end and an externally threadedbase 327 at the opposite end. Theinsert 312 is coated in a manner previously discussed. - Between the hex-
section 324 and the threadedbase 327, a circularcylindrical section 331 and a frusto-conical section 333 are formed. The circularcylindrical section 331 has a coated cylindricalouter surface 335. The OD ofsurface 335 is 0.895 inches. Thesurface 335 has an axial length of 0.165 inches. - The frusto-
conical section 333 is adapted to seat in a wheel rim aperture (not shown) to fasten the wheel rim to a vehicle wheel. The threadedbase 327 of theinsert 312 threads into the wheel hub in a well known manner. - The
cap 314, again formed from stainless steel sheet, comprises three axially aligned segments, a dome shapedend wall segment 351, a hexshapedside wall segment 353 and a cylindricalside wall segment 355. The configuration and internal cross-sectional dimensions of the hex-shapedside wall segment 353 are such that it slips easily over the coated hex-shapedsection 324 in theinsert body 321. - The ID of the
cylindrical wall segment 355 is 0.875 inches. When thecap 314 is pressed onto theinsert 312, thecylindrical wall segment 355 undergoes the aforedescribed plastic and elastic deformation as it is forced over thecoated surface 335 on thebolt body 321. The resulting interference fit is again approximately 0.0025 inches. - Referring now to
FIGS. 14 and 15 , a decorative capped wheel bolt assembly comprising a fifth embodiment of the invention is seen generally at 410. Theassembly 410 also includes abolt insert 412 and adecorative cap 414. - The
bolt insert 412 comprises abolt body 421 fabricated of carbon steel in a conventional manner. Thebody 421 includes a hex-shapedsection 424 near one end and an externally threadedbase 427 at the opposite end. Theinsert 412 is coated in a manner previously discussed. - Axially outwardly of the hex-
section 424, theinsert 412 includes a circularcylindrical section 431. The circularcylindrical section 431 has a coated cylindricalouter surface 435. The OD ofsurface 435 is 0.615 inches. Thesurface 435 has an axial length of 0.150 inches. - The
insert 412 also has aspherical section 433 adapted to seat in a conventional manner in a wheel rim aperture (not shown) to fasten the wheel rim to a vehicle wheel. The threadedbase 427 of theinsert 412 threads into the wheel in a well known manner. - The
cap 414, again formed from stainless steel sheet, comprises three axially aligned segments; a dome shapedend wall segment 451, a cylindricalside wall segment 455, a hex-shapedside wall segment 453 and a flaredlip 456. The configuration and internal cross-sectional dimensions of the hex-shapedside wall segment 453 are such that it slips easily over the coated hex-shapedsection 424 in theinsert body 421. - The ID of the
cylindrical wall segment 455 is 0.595 inches. When theinsert 412 is pressed into thecap 414, thecylindrical wall segment 455 undergoes the aforedescribed plastic and elastic deformation. As it is forced over the coatedcylindrical surface 435 on thebolt body 421, an interference fit of approximately 0.0025 inches is effected around thecoated surface 435. -
FIGS. 16 and 17 illustrate yet a sixth embodiment of a capped wheel nut assembly embodying features of the invention at 510. Theassembly 510 includes anut insert 512 and adecorative cap 514. - The
nut insert 512 comprises abody 521 having acylindrical bore 523 extending axially through it from a hex-shapedsection 524 on one end to a frusto-conical base 525 on the other. Thebase 525 is adapted to seat in a wheel rim aperture (not shown). Thebore 523 is internally threaded at 527. Like theinserts insert 512 is coated. - Between the hex-shaped
head 524 and the frusto-conical base 525, theinsert body 521 has abody section 533. Thebody section 533 of the illustratedinsert body 521 has a coated cylindricalouter surface 535 with an OD of 1.160 inches and an axial length of 0.130 inches. Below the cylindricalbody section surface 535, and above the frusto-conical base 525, there is an undercut 534. - The
cap 514 comprises three axially aligned wall segments; a dome-shapedend wall segment 551, a hex cross-sectionside wall segment 553, a circular cylindricalside wall segment 555 and acrimp section 556. The configuration and internal cross-sectional dimensions of the hex-shapedside wall segment 553 are such that it slips easily over the coated, hex-shapedsection 524 of the insert body (before theinward crimp section 556 is formed). The internal cross-sectional dimension of the circular cylindricalside wall segment 555 is such that a predetermined interference fit is formed between theinner surface 557 of thewall segment 555 and the coated cylindricalouter surface 535 of theinsert body 521 when thecap 514 is press fit onto theinsert 512. - The
cap 514 is fabricated of stainless steel sheet with a nominal thickness of 0.018 to 0.020 inches. The inside diameter (ID) of thecylindrical wall segment 555 is preferably 1.140 inches. Thecap 514 is pressed onto theinsert 512 and thecylindrical wall segment 555 undergoes plastic and elastic deformation. The resulting interference fit is approximately 0.0025. - In this embodiment of the invention, the
crimp section 556 is formed inwardly after theinsert 512 is press fit into thecap 514 in the aforedescribed manner. Crimping may be accomplished as a continuation of the press-fit operation. Thecrimp section 556 is crimped into engagement with the undercut 534 on theinsert body 521. The crimp feature is offered as an option where theassembly 510 may be subject to extreme wrenching abuse, and assures that it will remain intact under such conditions. It also provides a pleasing decorative appearance to the assembly. The interference fit and the crimp then both serve to hold thecap 514 securely on theinsert 512 with the interference fit serving the further function of blocking the entry of moisture at the juncture ofsurfaces -
FIGS. 18-20 illustrate a seventh embodiment of a capped wheel nut assembly embodying features of the invention at 610. Theassembly 610 includes anut insert 612 and adecorative cap 614. - The
nut insert 612 comprises abody 621 having acylindrical bore 623 extending axially through it from a hex-shapedsection 624 on one end to a frusto-conical base 625 on the other. Thebase 625 is adapted to seat in a wheel rim aperture (not shown). Thebore 623 is internally threaded at 627. Like theinserts insert 612 is coated. - Between the hex-shaped
head 624 and the frusto-conical base 625, theinsert body 621 has abody section 633. As best seen inFIG. 20 , thebody section 633 of the illustratedinsert body 621 has a coatedcylindrical surface 635 adjacent the base 625 which has an axial length of 0.180 inches. The coatedcylindrical surface 635 includes a firstcylindrical surface 641 having an OD of 0.910 inches and an axial length of 0.070 inches and a secondcylindrical surface 642 having an OD of 0.890 inches and an axial length of 0.110 inches. Anannular shoulder 643 having a width of 0.010 inches is, thus, formed between the first andsecond surfaces - The
cap 614 comprises three axially aligned wall segments; a dome-shapedend wall segment 651, a hex cross-sectionside wall segment 653 and a generally circular cylindricalside wall segment 655. The configuration and internal cross-sectional dimensions of the hex-shapedside wall segment 653 are such that it slips easily over the coated, hex-shapedsection 624 of the insert body. - The circular cylindrical
side wall segment 655 includes alip 656 folded back inside the wall segment. As seen inFIG. 20 , thelip 656 doubles thewall segment 655 thickness at its outer end, as seen at 657. Coextensive with thelip 656, thewall segment 655 is also formed slightly outwardly so that thedouble thickness portion 657 of it is effectively centered under thesegment 655. - The
cap 614 is fabricated of stainless steel sheet with a nominal thickness of 0.018 to 0.020 inches. The inside diameter (ID) of thecylindrical wall segment 655 not covered by thelip 656 is preferably 0.890 inches. Thecap 614 is pressed onto theinsert 612 and thecylindrical wall segment 655 undergoes plastic and elastic deformation. The resulting interference fit between the firstcylindrical surface 641 andwall segment 655 is approximately 0.0025 inches. - In effect, both the
wall segment 655 not covered by thelip 656 and thedouble thickness portion 657 of thewall segment cap 614 is pressed on to theinsert 612. When thelip 656 passes theshoulder 643, it snaps radially inwardly due to the elastic component of the deformation, effectively locking the cap on the nut insert. - Referring now to
FIG. 21 , a variation of the seventh embodiment cappedwheel nut assembly 610 is seen at 710. Theassembly 710 is very similar in construction and operation to theassembly 610, so only differences are described. Reference numerals which correspond to those of the assembly plus 100 digits are employed. - In the
assembly 710, the circularcylindrical wall segment 755 of the cap 714 has an axially longercylindrical lip 756, and theshoulder 743 is located accordingly. No offset is formed in thewall segment 755 so thedouble thickness portion 757 is not centered under the remainder of thewall segment 755. - The
cylindrical surface 742 adjacent theshoulder 743 has an outside diameter of 0.890 inches. The inside diameter of thecylindrical lip 756 is 0.870 inches. When the cap 714 is press fit onto the insert 714, thewall segment 755 andlip 756 undergo plastic and elastic deformation. An interference fit between thelip 756 and thesurface 742 is approximately 0.0025 inches. - It should be pointed out at this point that the various inserts described might be plated first and then coated. They might also be plated in a conventional manner and not coated. The invention contemplates employing any of these approaches to protect a carbon steel insert from the elements. It should also be understood that although only the third embodiment assembly 210 (
FIGS. 10 and 11 ) illustrates using separate interference fits at two axially spaced, mating cylindrical surfaces, the invention contemplates the use of either one or two sets of mating cylindrical surfaces in any embodiment, as a matter of choice. - While preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, it should also be understood that the invention is not so limited and modifications may be made without departing from the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, and all devices that come within the meaning of the claims, either literally or by equivalence, are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (20)
1. A decorative cap and wheel fastener assembly for a vehicle wheel, comprising:
a) a fastener insert body having threads formed thereon encircling the axis of said body;
b) said body including one section having an external surface with a polygonal cross-section encircling said axis;
c) said body including another section having an external surface with a circular cylindrical cross-section encircling said axis; and
d) a cap including one wall segment having an internal surface with a polygonal cross-section;
e) said cap further including another wall segment having an internal surface with a circular cylindrical cross-section, said wall segment being formed of sheet material which is radially deformable both plastically and elastically;
f) said insert body and said cap being assembled by being press fit together, said circular cylindrical cross-section surface on said body being greater than the unassembled internal dimensions of said circular cylindrical cross-section surface in said other wall segment of said cap whereby said other wall segment is plastically and elastically deformed radially outwardly to form an interference fit between said other wall segment and said other body section when said insert body and said cap are assembled, said elastic deformation being at least 0.002 inches radially outwardly around the entire circumference of said cap.
2. The cap and fastener assembly of claim 1 further characterized in that:
a) said external surfaces of said insert body are coated;
b) said coating is approximately 0.001 inches thick.
3. The cap and fastener assembly of claim 1 further characterized in that the diameter of said internal cylindrical surface in said cap is 0.010 to 0.030 less than the diameter of said external cylindrical surface on said insert prior to assembly of said cap and wheel fastener whereby said cap is deformed plastically and elastically at least 0.0025 inches radially.
4. The cap and fastener assembly of claim 2 further characterized in that:
a) said coating is chromium free.
5. The cap and fastener assembly of claim 1 further characterized in that:
a) said elastic deformation is between 0.002 and 0.006 inches around the said external and internal circular cylindrical surfaces.
6. The cap and fastener assembly of claim 1 further characterized in that:
a) said internal polygonal surface is seated over said external polygonal surface on said insert in a non-interference fit relationship.
7. The cap and fastener assembly of claim 1 further characterized in that:
a) said insert body includes another section having an external surface with a circular cylindrical cross-section, said other body section being separate from said one body section; and
b) said cap includes another wall segment having an internal surface with a circular cylindrical cross-section;
c) an interference fit also being established between said other external and internal circular cylindrical surfaces.
8. The cap and fastener assembly of claim 1 further characterized in that:
a) said cap including a crimp segment; and
b) said insert body including an undercut which is engaged by said crimp segment.
9. The cap and fastener assembly of claim 1 further characterized in that:
a) said one circular cylindrical surface on said insert body has an outside diameter of about 0.930 inches.
10. The cap and fastener assembly of claim 1 further characterized in that:
a) a shoulder is formed in said circular cylindrical surface on said insert; and
b) said cap having an annular free edge which seats under said shoulder.
11. A method of assembling a decorative cap and wheel nut or bolt insert comprising the steps of:
a) forming an insert with a section having a polygonal external cross-section axially displaced from a section having circular cylindrical external cross-section;
b) applying a plating and/or a coating to the insert so at least the exterior of said section having an external circular cylindrical section is plated and/or coated;
c) forming a decorative cap of sheet material with a segment leaving a polygonal cross-section and a segment having a circular cylindrical cross-section axially displaced from each other, the polygonal cross-section segment having internal dimensions greater than the corresponding external dimensions of said polygonal section on said insert and the circular cylindrical cross-section segment having internal dimensions less than the corresponding external dimensions of said circular cylindrical section on said insert; and
d) press fitting said insert into said cap so as to form an interference fit between the plated and/or coated circular cylindrical surfaces of said insert and the circular cylindrical surface of said cap.
12. The method of claim 11 further characterized in that:
a) said insert is coated with a chromium free coating material.
13. The method of claim 11 further characterized in that:
a) an interference fit of between 0.002 and 0.006 inches is formed between said circular cylindrical surfaces.
14. The method of claim 13 further characterized by and including the step of:
a) crimping an edge of said cap under a mating undercut on said insert body.
15. The assembly of a decorative cap and wheel fastener insert for a vehicle wheel, comprising:
a) a fastener insert body having threads formed thereon encircling the axis of said body;
b) said body including one section having an external surface with a polygonal cross-section encircling said axis;
c) said body further including another section having an external surface with a circular cylindrical cross-section encircling said axis;
d) a cap including one wall segment having an internal surface with a polygonal cross-section;
e) said cap further including another wall segment having an internal surface with a circular cylindrical cross-section; and
f) said cap being formed of plastically and elastically deformable sheet material and the cross-sectional dimensions of said internal cylindrical surface in said cap being less than the cross-sectional dimensions of said cylindrical surface on said body whereby when the wheel fastener insert and the cap are assembled said one wall segment is plastically deformed radially outwardly of said axis for a distance of at least 0.002 inches.
16. The cap and fastener assembly of claim 15 further characterized in that:
a) said external surfaces are coated with another material to a thickness of approximately 0.001 inches.
17. The cap and fastener assembly of claim 16 further characterized in that:
a) said coating material is chromium free.
18. A decorative cap and wheel fastener combination for a vehicle wheel, comprising:
a) a fastener insert body having threads formed thereon encircling the axis of said body;
b) said body including one section having an external surface with a polygonal cross-section encircling said axis;
c) said body further including a section having an external surface with a circular cylindrical cross-section encircling said axis; and
d) a cap including a wall segment having an internal surface with a polygonal cross-section;
e) the cross-sectional dimensions of said internal polygonal surface in said cap being at least as large as the cross-sectional dimensions of said external polygonal surface on said body;
f) said cap further including one wall segment having an internal surface with a circular cylindrical cross-section;
g) the cross-sectional dimensions of said internal cylindrical surface in said cap being less than the cross-sectional dimensions of said cylindrical surface of said body;
h) said insert body adapted to be press fit into said cap whereby an interference fit will be established between said one external and internal circular cylindrical surfaces.
19. The cap and fastener assembly of claim 18 further characterized in that:
a) said cap is formed of plastically and elastically deformable sheet material.
b) the diameter of said internal cylindrical surface in said cap is 0.010 to 0.030 less than the diameter of said external cylindrical surface on said insert.
20. The cap and fastener assembly of claim 18 further characterized in that:
a) said cap is formed of elastically deformable sheet material and includes a free edge on said one wall segment which is folded back inside said one wall segment; and
b) said insert includes a shoulder under which said free edge seats in locking relationship.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/038,356 US20050123378A1 (en) | 2001-04-05 | 2005-01-18 | Decorative capped wheel nut or bolt assembly and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/828,662 US6957939B2 (en) | 2001-04-05 | 2001-04-05 | Decorative capped wheel nut and method of assembly |
US10/303,564 US6866457B2 (en) | 2001-04-05 | 2002-11-25 | Decorative capped wheel nut or bolt assembly and method |
US11/038,356 US20050123378A1 (en) | 2001-04-05 | 2005-01-18 | Decorative capped wheel nut or bolt assembly and method |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/303,564 Continuation US6866457B2 (en) | 2001-04-05 | 2002-11-25 | Decorative capped wheel nut or bolt assembly and method |
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US20050123378A1 true US20050123378A1 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/303,564 Expired - Lifetime US6866457B2 (en) | 2001-04-05 | 2002-11-25 | Decorative capped wheel nut or bolt assembly and method |
US11/038,356 Abandoned US20050123378A1 (en) | 2001-04-05 | 2005-01-18 | Decorative capped wheel nut or bolt assembly and method |
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US10/303,564 Expired - Lifetime US6866457B2 (en) | 2001-04-05 | 2002-11-25 | Decorative capped wheel nut or bolt assembly and method |
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EP (3) | EP1422427B8 (en) |
JP (3) | JP4500034B2 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6866457B2 (en) | 2005-03-15 |
DE60331865D1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
WO2004048014A3 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
US20030068212A1 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
EP1603696A2 (en) | 2005-12-14 |
WO2004048014A2 (en) | 2004-06-10 |
ES2341338T3 (en) | 2010-06-18 |
DE60311732D1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
ATE462086T1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
JP2010120643A (en) | 2010-06-03 |
EP1603696A4 (en) | 2006-03-22 |
AU2003298660A1 (en) | 2004-06-18 |
EP2196685A2 (en) | 2010-06-16 |
AU2003298660A8 (en) | 2004-06-18 |
DE60311732T2 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
EP2196685A3 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
EP1422427B8 (en) | 2007-04-18 |
EP1422427A1 (en) | 2004-05-26 |
JP4990991B2 (en) | 2012-08-01 |
JP2004175345A (en) | 2004-06-24 |
EP1603696B1 (en) | 2010-03-24 |
JP2009103313A (en) | 2009-05-14 |
JP4500034B2 (en) | 2010-07-14 |
EP1422427B1 (en) | 2007-02-14 |
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Legal Events
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MACLEAN-FOGG COMPANY, ILLINOIS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INDUSTRIAL AND AUTOMOTIVE FASTENERS, L.L.C.;REEL/FRAME:016197/0910 Effective date: 20050117 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |