US20050090011A1 - Spectral analysis apparatus for measuring intermediate layers of mineral samplers - Google Patents

Spectral analysis apparatus for measuring intermediate layers of mineral samplers Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050090011A1
US20050090011A1 US10/502,300 US50230004A US2005090011A1 US 20050090011 A1 US20050090011 A1 US 20050090011A1 US 50230004 A US50230004 A US 50230004A US 2005090011 A1 US2005090011 A1 US 2005090011A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
mineral
granular
probe
light
layer
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Abandoned
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US10/502,300
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English (en)
Inventor
Francois Du Plessis
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Blue Cube Intellectual Property Co Pty Ltd
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Blue Cube Intellectual Property Co Pty Ltd
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Assigned to BLUE CUBE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY COMAPNY (PTY) LTD reassignment BLUE CUBE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY COMAPNY (PTY) LTD ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DU PLESSIS, FRANCOIS EBERHARDT
Publication of US20050090011A1 publication Critical patent/US20050090011A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
    • G01N21/8507—Probe photometers, i.e. with optical measuring part dipped into fluid sample
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry

Definitions

  • This invention relates to mineral analysis.
  • This information needed for these purposes is obtained by analysing the mineral being processed at various stages of its treatment.
  • the proportions of the constituents as the mineral passes through the processing plant can be used as an indication of the efficiency of the plant and enable adjustments to the process to be made to achieve maximum remediation yield.
  • the known methods of determining the proportions of the constituents in the minerals undergoing processing can be divided into “human” and “machine”.
  • the main human method involves the preparation of a sample the proportions of the constituents of which are the same as the proportions in the mineral being processed. Obtaining the sample is a lengthy procedure.
  • the first step is to take a number of kilograms of the granular mineral to ensure that the constituents of the sample are as representative as possible of the constituents of the bulk.
  • the sample is split into small portions and then some of these portions recombined until the procedure has eliminated any remaining difference between the proportions in the sample and the proportions in the mineral being processed.
  • the grains in the sample are then identified and counted by a skilled grain counter using a microscope and a grid over which the grains are spread.
  • Another “human” method relies on the skill of the person carrying out the test as it is based on the difference between the colour of the sample being checked and the colour of a standard sample. This is not a particularly accurate method as the human eye cannot pick up small changes in contrast or colour.
  • machine methods are numerous but these have a number of shortcomings. Some require expensive equipment and generally sample preparation is time consuming. Also, some of the equipment is such that it can only be run by trained scientists and then only in laboratory conditions. Examples of known machine methods are:
  • the sample is dropped into a heavy liquid, which is itself expensive, and which has a specific gravity of about 3. Most minerals have specific gravities of about 4 whereas silica has a specific gravity of approximately 2.5. Consequently separation occurs when the minerals sink and the silica floats. The separated grains are then further separated, counted and weighed.
  • Granular material which exhibits magnetic properties can be separated from granular material which is not magnetic by applying a magnetic field. This is followed by counting and weighing.
  • Separation relies on the application of a static charge to separate granular material which is electrically insulating from that which conducts electricity.
  • the sample is heated to a temperature such that it dissociates into a plasma.
  • the radiation or absorption of light at different wavelengths is determined by the elemental composition of the plasma and this can be used to detect the constituents in the sample. This method only identifies the elements present and not the mineral phases.
  • X-rays are directed at a piece of the ore. As they pass through they are diffracted, and the nature of the diffraction is determined by the composition of the ore. This is an empirical method but does provide information about the mineral phases.
  • a sample is dissolved in a solvent and the methods of analytical chemistry applied to determine composition.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a new analysis method and new analysis apparatus which enable information on the composition of the mineral under test to be obtained for process control purposes.
  • a method of analysing a mineral in granular form to provide information pertaining to its composition comprising moving said granular mineral through an illumination zone, directing a beam of light at said mineral to illuminate it, collecting light reflected from said granular mineral and spectrally analysing the reflected light to obtain information pertaining to the composition of the granular mineral, said mineral being in the form of a layer having an undersurface and a top surface, said illumination zone being intermediate the undersurface and the top surface of the layer.
  • a probe is inserted into said layer so that a leading end of the probe is intermediate said undersurface and said top surface, the material in the vicinity of said leading end of said probe is illuminated, and light from the illuminated granular mineral in the vicinity of said leading end collected.
  • said probe is inserted into said granular mineral from above.
  • the method can include the step of scraping said layer so as to cause an upper part of the layer to be diverted so that it passes around said illumination zone thereby exposing, as an upwardly facing surface intermediate said undersurface and said top surface, granular mineral which was previously lying in said layer at a level between said upwardly facing surface and said top surface.
  • the granular mineral is dispersed in a liquid to form a slurry which flows along a pipe having walling which constrains the slurry and causes it to flow axially along the pipe, inserting a probe into said pipe so that a leading end of the probe is spaced from said walling, illuminating the dispersed granules flowing in said pipe in an illumination zone spaced inwardly from said walling, and collecting light reflected from the granules in the slurry as they move through the illumination zone.
  • This embodiment of the method can comprise the step of positioning said leading end on the longitudinal axis of said pipe so that said illumination zone is on the axis of the pipe.
  • Another embodiment of the method comprises placing a layer of granular mineral in a vertically elongate container having a transparent wall, directing a beam of light at said wall to form an illumination zone intermediate the top surface of the powdered mineral and the undersurface of the granular mineral, rotating said container about a vertical axis so that the granular mineral in the container at a level intermediate said top and undersurfaces moves through said illumination zone, and collecting light reflected off the granular mineral in said zone.
  • This latter embodiment can include the step of directing said beam of light obliquely at said container wall so that light which reflects off the container wall is not collected for spectral analysis.
  • apparatus for analysing a mineral in granular form to provide information pertaining to its composition comprising a light source at an illumination zone for directing light onto said granular mineral at said zone, means for collecting light reflected from the granular mineral in said zone, means for spectrally analysing the reflected light, and means which constrains said granular mineral into a layer having an undersurface and a top surface, said illumination zone being at a level which is intermediate said top and undersurfaces of said layer.
  • One form of the apparatus includes a probe for insertion into said layer so that a leading end of the probe is at said illumination zone.
  • said light source is constituted by the end of a first optical fibre, the probe including a second optical fibre for transmitting reflected light to said means for spectrally analysing the reflected light.
  • the apparatus can include a group of first optical fibres and a group of second optical fibres.
  • the apparatus can include a scraper for causing an upper part of said layer to be diverted around the probe thereby to expose an upwardly facing granular mineral surface intermediate said undersurface and said top surface, said probe serving to illuminate, and to collect reflected light from, the intermediate granular mineral surface.
  • the invention provides a “bench top” model of the apparatus which comprises a vertically elongate container for receiving mineral in granular form, said container having transparent side walling and there being means for rotating said container about a vertical axis, said light source being positioned to direct light at the container to create an illumination zone intermediate the top and bottom surfaces of a charge of granular mineral in said container.
  • said probe is preferably positioned so that light is directed obliquely at said container's walling thereby to prevent light reflected off said container being transmitted to said means for spectrally analysing the reflected light.
  • the present invention also provides an installation comprising apparatus including a probe as described above and a pipe along which a slurry comprising a liquid with mineral in granular form dispersed in it flows, said pipe including walling and said probe being inserted into said pipe through said walling thereof so that the leading end of the probe is within the pipe and spaced inwardly from the walling.
  • apparatus including a probe as described above and a pipe along which a slurry comprising a liquid with mineral in granular form dispersed in it flows, said pipe including walling and said probe being inserted into said pipe through said walling thereof so that the leading end of the probe is within the pipe and spaced inwardly from the walling.
  • surface of the leading end of the probe through which light passes faces upstream and slopes in the downstream direction from its lower edge towards its upper edge.
  • Said surface preferably slopes at an angle of between 30° and 60° with respect to vertical.
  • the present invention further comprises an installation comprising apparatus including a scraper as described above and a conveyor on which a stream of mineral in granular form is moved, said scraper protruding into said stream of material to divert an upper layer of said stream and expose said intermediate granular material surface.
  • FIG. 1 is a pictorial view of a first form of apparatus for analysing a mineral in granular form
  • FIG. 2 is a transverse section on the line II-II of FIG. 4 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic longitudinal section on the line IV-IV of FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a pictorial view of a further form of apparatus for analysing a mineral in slurry form
  • FIG. 6 is a section on the line VI-VI of FIG. 8 ;
  • FIG. 7 is a top plan view of the apparatus of FIGS. 5 and 6 ;
  • FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic section on the line VII-VII of FIG. 7 ;
  • FIG. 9 is a pictorial view of yet another form of apparatus for analysing a mineral in granular form
  • FIG. 10 is a section in the line X-X of FIG. 12 ;
  • FIG. 11 is a top plan view of the apparatus of FIGS. 9 and 10 ;
  • FIG. 12 is a side elevation of the apparatus of FIGS. 9 to 11 ;
  • FIG. 13 is a vertical section through yet another form of apparatus for analysing a mineral in granular form.
  • FIG. 14 is a block diagram.
  • the apparatus according to the invention for analysing a granular mineral forms part of an installation designed 10 .
  • the installation comprises a conveyor belt 12 which carries a stream of mineral M in granular form.
  • the conveyor belt 12 can run from an ore crushing plant to the first stage of the processing plant, can be between stages of the processing plant or can be downstream of the last stage of the processing plant in which event it carries the valuables which have been recovered or it carries the residue which is being discarded.
  • a knowledge of the constituents of the granular mineral is of value to the plant operators as it enables them to control the parameters of the plant in a manner which leads to the greatest efficiency in operation.
  • the apparatus includes a probe 14 which is mounted on that face of a scraper 16 which faces downstream.
  • the scraper 16 is inclined and has the effect of causing an upper part of the layer of granular mineral M to be diverted around the probe 14 .
  • the surface 18 is intermediate the undersurface 20 of the layer of material on the conveyor belt 12 and the top surface 22 of the layer.
  • the surface 18 has been extended to the right in FIG. 4 as a dotted line 18 . 1 so as to indicate clearly the position of the surface 18 in the layer of material being conveyed.
  • the probe 14 comprises at least two, but preferably a multiplicity of, optical fibres 24 as will be described in more detail hereinafter with reference to FIG. 14 .
  • a first group of the optical fibres receives light from, for example, a tungsten halogen bulb or a pulsed xenon lamp. The light travels along the first group of optical fibres, and the tips of these fibres form a light source which illuminates the surface 18 .
  • the other group of fibres does not convey light to the probe 14 but receives light reflected from the surface 18 and transmits it to a spectrometer. This will also be described hereinafter with reference to FIG. 14 .
  • the granular mineral is not in a dry form as in FIGS. 1 to 4 but is in the form of a slurry comprising a liquid with the mineral granules dispersed in it.
  • the slurry flows along a pipe designated 26 .
  • the probe is designated 28 and is within a protective housing 30 . That surface of the upper end of the housing 30 (see particularly FIG. 8 ) through which light passes faces upstream and slopes in the downstream direction from its lower edge towards its upper edge.
  • the angle of inclination can be between 30° and 600 with respect to horizontal. The reason for the angled surface is three fold.
  • the inclined upper end of the housing 30 can be of a material such as sapphire which resists abrasion by the flowing slurry better than most other transparent materials.
  • the granular mineral flows as a layer the top surface of which lies beneath the upper part of the pipe and the undersurface which lies above the lower part of the pipe.
  • the plane in which the surface which is illuminated by the probe 28 lies is designated 32 in FIGS. 6 and 8 and is intermediate the top and underlying surfaces of the flowing slurry.
  • FIGS. 5 to 8 operates in the same manner as that shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 and will be described hereinafter with reference to FIG. 14 .
  • the scraper 16 is omitted and the probe, designated 34 , is within an abrasion resistant cylindrical casing 36 .
  • the tip of the probe can be set back from the end of the casing and is covered by a transparent portion of the casing.
  • the position of the tip of the probe is such that it illuminates a zone of the granular mineral which is intermediate the undersurface of the layer, which is adjacent the conveyor belt 12 , and the exposed top surface of the layer.
  • the layer is, simply for the sake of illustration, shown as being approximately triangular in section.
  • the illuminated surface lies in the plane designated 38 in FIGS. 10 and 12 .
  • the illustrated apparatus for analysing a mineral in granular form is intended for “bench top” use in, for example, a laboratory or the control room of a minerals processing plant rather than as part of an installation as described above.
  • the analysing apparatus shown in FIG. 13 is designated 40 and comprises a cylindrical housing 42 which can be of aluminium, a base 44 which can be of mild steel and a lid 46 which can be of PVC.
  • the base and lid 44 , 46 fit into the housing 42 in a manner which excludes ambient light from entering the housing 42 , there being O-ring seals 48 and 50 between the base and the housing and the lid and the housing.
  • An electric motor and gearbox unit 52 is mounted in a socket 54 in the base 44 .
  • the power lead for the motor 50 is shown at 56 .
  • a holder 58 is secured to the output shaft of the motor and gearbox unit 50 , the holder 58 providing an upwardly open socket 60 for receiving a vertically elongate container 62 which receives the granular mineral to be analysed.
  • the container 62 can be in the form of a glass or synthetic plastics material tube and can as a consequence be completely transparent.
  • the container 62 can be of fabricated construction in which event a zone of its cylindrical side wall has to be transparent so that light from a probe 64 can shine on the granular mineral M in the container 62 .
  • O-rings 66 are provided in the socket 60 and grip the container 62 thereby preventing any movement thereof apart from rotation with the holder about its vertical, longitudinal axis.
  • a plug 68 fits in an opening provided therefor in the housing 42 , the probe 64 entering the housing through the plug 68 .
  • the probe 64 is at an angle, which can be between 30° and 60° with respect to the vertical, so that any light which reflects off the surface of the container 62 is not reflected back to those optical fibres which receive light reflected off the granular mineral. This prevents such reflected light from reaching the spectrometer.
  • the illumination zone in this construction is an annular zone intermediate the top surface of the powdered mineral in the container 62 and the undersurface of the powdered mineral.
  • the undersurface is constituted by the hemispherical bottom portion of the container 62 .
  • the halogen bulb or pulsed xenon lamp is designated 70 and the group of optical fibres leading t the probe is designated 72 .
  • the probe is designated 74 the group of optical fibres which collects reflected light and transmits it to the spectrometer 76 is designated 78 .
  • the spectrometer 76 is connected to a data processor 80 which is in turn connected to a monitor 82 on which the results of the analysis are displayed in graphical form.
  • the example spectra are:
  • the example spectra show that there are differences between the reflectivity of A and B, which is a pre-requisite to use of this technique.
  • sample X contains 25% of A and 75% of B.
  • the spectra of each of the pure minerals is required together with the spectra of the mixture. Two or more unknowns must be calculated.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
US10/502,300 2002-01-23 2003-01-22 Spectral analysis apparatus for measuring intermediate layers of mineral samplers Abandoned US20050090011A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA200200579 2002-01-23
ZA200200578 2002-01-23
ZA2002/0578 2002-01-23
ZA2002/0579 2002-01-23
ZA2002/5000 2002-06-21
ZA200205000 2002-06-21
PCT/ZA2003/000011 WO2003062804A1 (en) 2002-01-23 2003-01-22 Spectral analysis apparatus for measuring intermediate layers of mineral samplers

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US20050090011A1 true US20050090011A1 (en) 2005-04-28

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US (1) US20050090011A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1468275A1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1610824B (zh)
AR (1) AR038218A1 (zh)
AU (1) AU2003202293B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2472529A1 (zh)
MX (1) MXJL04000020A (zh)
PE (1) PE20030956A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2003062804A1 (zh)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040135086A1 (en) * 2002-10-11 2004-07-15 Lewis E. Neil Volumetric spectral imaging
US20090091755A1 (en) * 2005-05-02 2009-04-09 Intelligent Pharmaceutics Ltd Oy Measuring method and system for measuring particle size and shape of powdery or grain like particles
WO2013015961A1 (en) * 2011-07-26 2013-01-31 Laitram, L.L.C. Bulk-product conveyor with sensor

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI20060331A0 (fi) 2006-04-05 2006-04-05 Kari Seppaelae Menetelmä ja laitteisto muodon mittauksen/tunnistukseen
CN110208223A (zh) * 2018-02-28 2019-09-06 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 地质录井岩屑传动分析装置

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US5065019A (en) * 1990-05-07 1991-11-12 Southwest Research Institute Method for determining petroleum saturation in a subsurface
US5157976A (en) * 1990-07-27 1992-10-27 Hajime Industries Ltd. Powder granule sample inspection apparatus
US5416577A (en) * 1993-07-02 1995-05-16 Honeywell Inc. Color sensor for optically measuring consisting and brightness of materials
US5461229A (en) * 1994-06-06 1995-10-24 Unisys Corporation On-the-go optical spectroscopy soil analyzer
US6753966B2 (en) * 2000-03-10 2004-06-22 Textron Systems Corporation Optical probes and methods for spectral analysis

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DD244821A1 (de) * 1985-12-27 1987-04-15 Deuben Braunkohlenwerk Verfahren zur steuerung von baggern und transporteinrichtungen
DE4414622A1 (de) * 1994-04-18 1995-10-19 Marcus Dipl Ing Gutzmer Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung von Fremdstoffen in körnigen Medien
JP3079932B2 (ja) * 1994-12-28 2000-08-21 株式会社佐竹製作所 穀粒色彩選別装置
US6100526A (en) * 1996-12-30 2000-08-08 Dsquared Development, Inc. Grain quality monitor
US6418805B1 (en) * 1999-11-18 2002-07-16 Textron Systems Corporation Constituent sensing system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5065019A (en) * 1990-05-07 1991-11-12 Southwest Research Institute Method for determining petroleum saturation in a subsurface
US5157976A (en) * 1990-07-27 1992-10-27 Hajime Industries Ltd. Powder granule sample inspection apparatus
US5416577A (en) * 1993-07-02 1995-05-16 Honeywell Inc. Color sensor for optically measuring consisting and brightness of materials
US5461229A (en) * 1994-06-06 1995-10-24 Unisys Corporation On-the-go optical spectroscopy soil analyzer
US6753966B2 (en) * 2000-03-10 2004-06-22 Textron Systems Corporation Optical probes and methods for spectral analysis

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040135086A1 (en) * 2002-10-11 2004-07-15 Lewis E. Neil Volumetric spectral imaging
US7582872B2 (en) * 2002-10-11 2009-09-01 Malvern Instruments Incorporated Volumetric spectral imaging
US20090091755A1 (en) * 2005-05-02 2009-04-09 Intelligent Pharmaceutics Ltd Oy Measuring method and system for measuring particle size and shape of powdery or grain like particles
US7733485B2 (en) 2005-05-02 2010-06-08 Intelligent Pharmaceutics Ltd Oy Measuring method and system for measuring particle size and shape of powdery or grain like particles
WO2013015961A1 (en) * 2011-07-26 2013-01-31 Laitram, L.L.C. Bulk-product conveyor with sensor
US9016458B2 (en) 2011-07-26 2015-04-28 Laitram, L.L.C. Bulk-product conveyor with sensor

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AR038218A1 (es) 2005-01-05
CA2472529A1 (en) 2003-07-31
AU2003202293B2 (en) 2006-03-16
CN1610824A (zh) 2005-04-27
MXJL04000020A (es) 2004-11-23
EP1468275A1 (en) 2004-10-20
PE20030956A1 (es) 2003-12-31
WO2003062804A1 (en) 2003-07-31
CN1610824B (zh) 2010-04-21

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