US20050056428A1 - Hydraulic fracturing of ground formations - Google Patents

Hydraulic fracturing of ground formations Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20050056428A1
US20050056428A1 US10/937,499 US93749904A US2005056428A1 US 20050056428 A1 US20050056428 A1 US 20050056428A1 US 93749904 A US93749904 A US 93749904A US 2005056428 A1 US2005056428 A1 US 2005056428A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
vessel
proppant
line
pressure
valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/937,499
Inventor
Robert Jeffrey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO
Original Assignee
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2003904965A external-priority patent/AU2003904965A0/en
Application filed by Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO filed Critical Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO
Assigned to COMMONWEALTH SCEINTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ORGANISATION reassignment COMMONWEALTH SCEINTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ORGANISATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JEFFREY, ROBERT GRAHAM, JR.
Publication of US20050056428A1 publication Critical patent/US20050056428A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • E21B43/267Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping

Definitions

  • This invention relates to hydraulic fracturing of ground formations.
  • Such formations may be natural rock, earth or mineral formations and may be located on land or under a sea bed.
  • Hydraulic fracturing is carried out in the oil and gas industry to stimulate the rate that hydrocarbons can be produced from a reservoir.
  • the stimulation effect is achieved by placing proppant (often a round and sorted sand) into a fracture created by hydraulic fracturing.
  • a fracture is created by pumping water containing the proppant into a bore hole extended into the ground formation. After pumping stops, the fracture is propped by the sand or other particulate material used as the proppant, causing it to remain as a permeable zone in the reservoir.
  • the propped permeable fracture acts to connect the well bore to a large surface area of the reservoir and to act as a drain through which the reservoir fluids can flow back to the well and then to the surface.
  • the proppant is added to the pumped water or other fracturing fluid on the low-pressure side of a triplex fracturing pump. This is accomplished by adding the sand or other proppant to the fracturing fluid at a blender that produces a continuously stirred slurry which is fed to the triplex pump. Large amounts of proppant can be added during a treatment using such a system, but the high pressure triplex pump must be a slurry pump. This is an expensive item of equipment and requires constant and expensive maintenance.
  • the invention generally provides a method of hydraulic fracturing a ground formation comprising:
  • the fracturing fluid may comprise water or a water based gel. More specifically, it may comprise water containing viscosity enhancing organic polymer material, although it may be any of a wide range of fluids available for use in hydraulic fracturing. Before the addition of proppant, the fracturing fluid is generally referred to as clean fluid.
  • the pressurised fracturing fluid may be directed from the pump via a pumping line to a bore hole extended into the ground formation and the proppant may be fed into the flow within the pumping line from at least one pressure vessel connected to the pumping line.
  • the pressure vessel may contain proppant saturated with clean fluid and held under pressure generally equal to the pressure in the pumping line to allow the proppant to feed downwardly into the pumping line as a solids feed under gravity.
  • All surfaces that the proppant flows over may be oriented at an angle greater than 35 degrees from the horizontal, which is greater than the internal friction angle of saturated sand, so that the saturated sand will flow freely.
  • Clean fluid may be tapped from the pumping line upstream from the pressure vessel to substantially equalise the pressure in the vessel with that of the pumping line.
  • the invention further provides apparatus for producing a supply of fracturing fluid containing a particulate proppant for use in hydraulic fracturing of ground formations, said apparatus comprising:
  • the apparatus may further comprise a pressure equalisation line connected or connectable between an upper part of the vessel and the pump output line at a location upstream from the pressure vessel to enable the proppant to be held in the vessel at a pressure generally equal to the pressure in the pumping line to allow the proppant to feed into the pumping line as a solids feed under gravity.
  • a pressure equalisation line connected or connectable between an upper part of the vessel and the pump output line at a location upstream from the pressure vessel to enable the proppant to be held in the vessel at a pressure generally equal to the pressure in the pumping line to allow the proppant to feed into the pumping line as a solids feed under gravity.
  • proppant meter may be used to meter the admission of proppant from the pressure vessel into the output line.
  • the proppant meter may be located at the bottom of the vessel to meter the proppant at a controlled rate from the vessel into the output line.
  • the meter may comprise a metering gate.
  • the pressure vessel may be provided with a top valve operable to allow the vessel to be filled with proppant through the open valve and closed to allow the vessel to be pressurised.
  • a valve on the pressure equalization line may be operable to close off the line for filling of the vessel with proppant.
  • the top valve may be operable to close off the connection of the fluid equalisation line with the upper part of the vessel when it is opened for filling of the vessel with proppant.
  • the vessel may also be provided with a bottom valve operable to isolate the interior of the vessel from the output line.
  • the top and bottom valves may be actuable by a common actuation device effective to cause the bottom valve to be closed so as to isolate the vessel from the output line when the top valve is opened for a filling operation.
  • the equalisation line valve may be actuable by this device to cause the equalisation valve to be closed when the top valve is open and open when the top valve is closed.
  • the pressure vessel may be one of a series of such vessels to contain proppant and each connectable to the pump output line.
  • the apparatus may be operated so that proppant is admitted to the pump output line from the pressure vessels simultaneously or sequentially. If proppant is admitted from the pressure vessels sequentially, one vessel may be filled while another is feeding proppant to enable continuous feeding of proppant into the pump output line.
  • the illustrated apparatus comprises a proppant feed unit 1 connected to the output line of a conventional high pressure water or clean fluid pump 2 and is operable to feed proppant into a flow of pressurised fluid delivered from the pump.
  • the pump may be a high pressure pump capable of delivering clean fluid at a pressure of up to 50 MPa at a fluid rate of up to 1500 litres per minute.
  • the proppant will normally be sand and the ensuing description will assume that sand is to be used.
  • the proppant feed unit 1 apparatus comprises a high pressure line pipe 11 connected into the outlet line 3 from the pump 2 and an elongated cylindrical pressure vessel 12 which is supported in a vertical disposition by a free standing support frame 13 and is connected at its lower end to the high pressure line 11 through a T-connector 14 .
  • the pressure vessel 12 may be inclined from vertical to lower the overall height of the system for better use in underground mine openings. In such a case, the vessel 12 and other parts over which the sand flows must be at an angle from horizontal that is greater than the internal angle of friction of the saturated sand in the vessel.
  • pressure vessel 12 contains fluid-saturated sand to be fed into the flow of fluid in the high pressure injection line 11 as a solids feed through the T-connector 14 .
  • a top valve 15 allows the top of the vessel to be opened to allow it to be refilled with sand through a hopper 16 and a bottom valve 17 is operable to isolate the interior of the vessel 12 from the high pressure injection line 11 during filling.
  • a sand metering device 18 is fitted to the bottom of the vessel below the isolation valve 17 to meter sand at a regular and controlled rate into the injection line 11 .
  • a clean fluid equalisation line 19 is connected between the top of the vessel 12 and the high pressure injection line 11 at a location 21 upstream from the connection with the pressure vessel 12 .
  • This allows clean fluid to be tapped from the high pressure injection line into the upper part of the vessel 12 so as to admit clean fluid into the upper part of the vessel to replace discharged sand thereby to ensure substantially equalised pressure within the vessel.
  • the sand is held in the vessel as close packed particulate material that is placed in the vessel saturated with the fracturing fluid, allowing it to flow freely under gravity as a solids feed from the pressure vessel through the metering device.
  • Top valve 15 is actuable through a crank 22 by operation of a hydraulic cylinder unit 23 and bottom valve 17 is actuable via a crank 24 by operation of a hydraulic cylinder unit 25 .
  • Top valve 15 could alternatively be direct coupled to a hydraulic rotary actuator or other device that delivers the required torque.
  • An equalisation line valve 28 is actuable via a crank 29 by operation of a hydraulic cylinder unit 30 .
  • Cylinder units 23 , 25 and 30 and the sand meter 18 are controlled from a remote control panel 26 through an extended control lead 27 .
  • the controls for hydraulic cylinder units 23 , 25 and 30 may be linked so that when top valve 15 is opened to enable pressure vessel 12 to be filled, the bottom valve 17 and the equalisation line valve 28 are closed to isolate the pressure vessel from the high pressure injection line 11 .
  • the illustrated apparatus will have particular application in implementing sand propped fractures to stimulate gas drainage from in-seam holes in coal mines.
  • Trials undertaken at Dartbrook Coal Mine in New South Wales have shown that sand propped fractures in horizontal in-seam holes in longwall mining operations have increased gas drainage rates between factors ranging from 5 to more than 10 and that relatively small amounts of sand (20-200 kg per fracture) are needed to produce the desired stimulation effect in in-seam coal gas drainage holes. This can be achieved quite readily with apparatus of the kind illustrated. However, this apparatus has been advanced by way of example only and it could be modified considerably.
  • one or more further pressure vessels with appropriate valves and metering equipment could be connected to the high pressure line 11 so as to be operable simultaneously or sequentially to admit sand into the high pressure line.
  • the provision of multiple pressure vessels would also enable sequential operation so that one could be filled while another was feeding sand into the injection line, allowing continuous addition of sand. It is to be understood that such modifications fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Abstract

A method of hydraulic fracturing of ground formations. Such formations may be natural rock, earth or mineral formations and may be located on land or under a sea bed.

Description

    TECHNICAL FIELD
  • This invention relates to hydraulic fracturing of ground formations. Such formations may be natural rock, earth or mineral formations and may be located on land or under a sea bed.
  • Hydraulic fracturing is carried out in the oil and gas industry to stimulate the rate that hydrocarbons can be produced from a reservoir. The stimulation effect is achieved by placing proppant (often a round and sorted sand) into a fracture created by hydraulic fracturing. A fracture is created by pumping water containing the proppant into a bore hole extended into the ground formation. After pumping stops, the fracture is propped by the sand or other particulate material used as the proppant, causing it to remain as a permeable zone in the reservoir. The propped permeable fracture acts to connect the well bore to a large surface area of the reservoir and to act as a drain through which the reservoir fluids can flow back to the well and then to the surface.
  • In conventional hydraulic fracturing equipment, the proppant is added to the pumped water or other fracturing fluid on the low-pressure side of a triplex fracturing pump. This is accomplished by adding the sand or other proppant to the fracturing fluid at a blender that produces a continuously stirred slurry which is fed to the triplex pump. Large amounts of proppant can be added during a treatment using such a system, but the high pressure triplex pump must be a slurry pump. This is an expensive item of equipment and requires constant and expensive maintenance.
  • We have applied the hydraulic fracturing technique to stimulate gas drainage from commercial coal mine formations so as to improve operational safety in mining. In that implementation we have found that very significant stimulation effect can be achieved with the placement of relatively small amounts of proppant in each fracture and we have developed equipment which allows proppant to be added as a solids feed on the high pressure side of a fracturing pump, so enabling use of a standard fluid pump rather than a much more expensive slurry pump. Although this equipment has been developed in a program for stimulating gas drainage from coal mines, it may also find application in the oil and gas industry in stimulating extraction of hydrocarbons from a ground formation and in stimulating water wells for domestic, agricultural or industrial use or for other purposes when it is desirable to inject a particulate material with the fracturing fluid.
  • DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
  • The invention generally provides a method of hydraulic fracturing a ground formation comprising:
      • passing a fracturing fluid through a fluid pump to generate a flow of pressurised fracturing fluid in a pumping line,
      • holding saturated particulate proppant in a proppant storage vessel disposed above the pumping line,
      • feeding saturated proppant from the storage vessel downwardly into the flow of pressure fluid downstream from the pump, and
      • passing the pressurised fracturing fluid with added proppant into the ground formation.
  • The fracturing fluid may comprise water or a water based gel. More specifically, it may comprise water containing viscosity enhancing organic polymer material, although it may be any of a wide range of fluids available for use in hydraulic fracturing. Before the addition of proppant, the fracturing fluid is generally referred to as clean fluid.
  • The pressurised fracturing fluid may be directed from the pump via a pumping line to a bore hole extended into the ground formation and the proppant may be fed into the flow within the pumping line from at least one pressure vessel connected to the pumping line.
  • The pressure vessel may contain proppant saturated with clean fluid and held under pressure generally equal to the pressure in the pumping line to allow the proppant to feed downwardly into the pumping line as a solids feed under gravity.
  • When the proppant in the pressure vessel is saturated with the fracturing fluid no capillary forces arise, allowing the proppant to flow freely under gravity into the injection line. All surfaces that the proppant flows over may be oriented at an angle greater than 35 degrees from the horizontal, which is greater than the internal friction angle of saturated sand, so that the saturated sand will flow freely.
  • Clean fluid may be tapped from the pumping line upstream from the pressure vessel to substantially equalise the pressure in the vessel with that of the pumping line.
  • The invention further provides apparatus for producing a supply of fracturing fluid containing a particulate proppant for use in hydraulic fracturing of ground formations, said apparatus comprising:
      • a clean fluid pump;
      • an output line from the pump for flow of pressurised clean fluid from the pump;
      • a proppant storage vessel to contain particulate proppant disposed above the output line from the pump and connectable to the output line to feed proppant from the vessel downwardly into the output line.
  • The apparatus may further comprise a pressure equalisation line connected or connectable between an upper part of the vessel and the pump output line at a location upstream from the pressure vessel to enable the proppant to be held in the vessel at a pressure generally equal to the pressure in the pumping line to allow the proppant to feed into the pumping line as a solids feed under gravity.
  • There may be a proppant meter to meter the admission of proppant from the pressure vessel into the output line.
  • The proppant meter may be located at the bottom of the vessel to meter the proppant at a controlled rate from the vessel into the output line.
  • The meter may comprise a metering gate.
  • The pressure vessel may be provided with a top valve operable to allow the vessel to be filled with proppant through the open valve and closed to allow the vessel to be pressurised.
  • A valve on the pressure equalization line may be operable to close off the line for filling of the vessel with proppant.
  • The top valve may be operable to close off the connection of the fluid equalisation line with the upper part of the vessel when it is opened for filling of the vessel with proppant. The vessel may also be provided with a bottom valve operable to isolate the interior of the vessel from the output line.
  • The top and bottom valves may be actuable by a common actuation device effective to cause the bottom valve to be closed so as to isolate the vessel from the output line when the top valve is opened for a filling operation. The equalisation line valve may be actuable by this device to cause the equalisation valve to be closed when the top valve is open and open when the top valve is closed.
  • The pressure vessel may be one of a series of such vessels to contain proppant and each connectable to the pump output line. In that case, the apparatus may be operated so that proppant is admitted to the pump output line from the pressure vessels simultaneously or sequentially. If proppant is admitted from the pressure vessels sequentially, one vessel may be filled while another is feeding proppant to enable continuous feeding of proppant into the pump output line.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
  • In order that the invention may be more fully explained, an embodiment will be described in some detail with reference to the accompanying drawing which illustrates one specific form of apparatus constructed in accordance with the invention.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
  • The illustrated apparatus comprises a proppant feed unit 1 connected to the output line of a conventional high pressure water or clean fluid pump 2 and is operable to feed proppant into a flow of pressurised fluid delivered from the pump. The pump may be a high pressure pump capable of delivering clean fluid at a pressure of up to 50 MPa at a fluid rate of up to 1500 litres per minute. The proppant will normally be sand and the ensuing description will assume that sand is to be used.
  • The proppant feed unit 1 apparatus comprises a high pressure line pipe 11 connected into the outlet line 3 from the pump 2 and an elongated cylindrical pressure vessel 12 which is supported in a vertical disposition by a free standing support frame 13 and is connected at its lower end to the high pressure line 11 through a T-connector 14. The pressure vessel 12 may be inclined from vertical to lower the overall height of the system for better use in underground mine openings. In such a case, the vessel 12 and other parts over which the sand flows must be at an angle from horizontal that is greater than the internal angle of friction of the saturated sand in the vessel.
  • During operation of the apparatus, pressure vessel 12 contains fluid-saturated sand to be fed into the flow of fluid in the high pressure injection line 11 as a solids feed through the T-connector 14. A top valve 15 allows the top of the vessel to be opened to allow it to be refilled with sand through a hopper 16 and a bottom valve 17 is operable to isolate the interior of the vessel 12 from the high pressure injection line 11 during filling. A sand metering device 18 is fitted to the bottom of the vessel below the isolation valve 17 to meter sand at a regular and controlled rate into the injection line 11.
  • A clean fluid equalisation line 19 is connected between the top of the vessel 12 and the high pressure injection line 11 at a location 21 upstream from the connection with the pressure vessel 12. This allows clean fluid to be tapped from the high pressure injection line into the upper part of the vessel 12 so as to admit clean fluid into the upper part of the vessel to replace discharged sand thereby to ensure substantially equalised pressure within the vessel. The sand is held in the vessel as close packed particulate material that is placed in the vessel saturated with the fracturing fluid, allowing it to flow freely under gravity as a solids feed from the pressure vessel through the metering device.
  • Top valve 15 is actuable through a crank 22 by operation of a hydraulic cylinder unit 23 and bottom valve 17 is actuable via a crank 24 by operation of a hydraulic cylinder unit 25. Top valve 15 could alternatively be direct coupled to a hydraulic rotary actuator or other device that delivers the required torque. An equalisation line valve 28 is actuable via a crank 29 by operation of a hydraulic cylinder unit 30. Cylinder units 23, 25 and 30 and the sand meter 18 are controlled from a remote control panel 26 through an extended control lead 27. The controls for hydraulic cylinder units 23, 25 and 30 may be linked so that when top valve 15 is opened to enable pressure vessel 12 to be filled, the bottom valve 17 and the equalisation line valve 28 are closed to isolate the pressure vessel from the high pressure injection line 11.
  • The illustrated apparatus will have particular application in implementing sand propped fractures to stimulate gas drainage from in-seam holes in coal mines. Trials undertaken at Dartbrook Coal Mine in New South Wales have shown that sand propped fractures in horizontal in-seam holes in longwall mining operations have increased gas drainage rates between factors ranging from 5 to more than 10 and that relatively small amounts of sand (20-200 kg per fracture) are needed to produce the desired stimulation effect in in-seam coal gas drainage holes. This can be achieved quite readily with apparatus of the kind illustrated. However, this apparatus has been advanced by way of example only and it could be modified considerably. For example, one or more further pressure vessels with appropriate valves and metering equipment could be connected to the high pressure line 11 so as to be operable simultaneously or sequentially to admit sand into the high pressure line. In relatively high capacity operations, it will generally be more economic to provide a series of small pressure vessels than a single large capacity pressure vessel which would need to be of relatively massive construction. The provision of multiple pressure vessels would also enable sequential operation so that one could be filled while another was feeding sand into the injection line, allowing continuous addition of sand. It is to be understood that such modifications fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (17)

1. A method of hydraulic fracturing a ground formation comprising:
passing a fracturing fluid through a fluid pump to generate a flow of pressurised fracturing fluid in a pumping line,
holding saturated particulate proppant in a proppant storage vessel disposed above the pumping line,
feeding saturated proppant from the storage vessel downwardly into the flow of pressure fluid downstream from the pump, and
passing the pressurised fracturing fluid with added proppant into the ground formation.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the saturated proppant is held in the storage vessel under pressure generally equal to the pressure in the pumping line to allow the saturated proppant to feed downwardly into the pumping line as a solids feed under gravity.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein clean fluid is tapped from the pumping line upstream of the vessel to substantially equalise the pressure in the vessel with that of the pumping line.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the proppant in the vessel is saturated with the clean fracturing fluid and held in the vessel as close packed solid particulate material.
5. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fracturing fluid comprises water or a water based gel.
6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the fracturing fluid comprises water containing viscosity enhancing polymer material.
7. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the proppant comprises sand.
8. Apparatus for producing a supply of fracturing fluid containing a particulate proppant for use in hydraulic fracturing of ground formations, said apparatus comprising:
a clean fluid pump;
an output line from the pump for flow of pressurised clean fluid from the pump;
a proppant storage vessel to contain particulate proppant disposed above the output line from the pump and connectable to the output line to feed proppant from the vessel downwardly into the output line.
9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8, and further comprising a pressure equalisation line connected or connectable between an upper part of the vessel and the pump output line at a location upstream from the pressure vessel to enable the proppant to be held in the vessel at a pressure generally equal to the pressure in the pumping line to allow the proppant to feed into the pumping line as a solids feed under gravity.
10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8, further comprising a proppant meter to meter the admission of proppant from the vessel into the output line.
11. Apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein the proppant meter is located at the bottom of the vessel to meter the proppant at a controlled rate from the vessel into the output line.
12. Apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein the meter comprises a metering gate.
13. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein the pressure vessel is provided with a top valve operable to allow the vessel to be filled with proppant through the valve when opened and to be closed to allow the vessel to pressurised.
14. Apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein there is a valve on the pressure equalisation line operable to close off that line for filling of the vessel with proppant.
15. Apparatus as claimed in claim 14, wherein the top valve and the valve on the pressure equalisation line are operatively linked such that opening of the top valve causes the valve on the pressure equalisation line to close thereby to close off the connection of the fluid equalisation line with the upper part of the vessel.
16. Apparatus as claimed in claim 13 wherein the vessel is provided with a bottom valve operable to isolate the interior of the vessel from the output line.
17. Apparatus as claimed in claim 16, wherein the top and bottom valves are operatively linked such that the bottom valve to be closed so as to isolate the vessel from the output line when the top valve is opened for a filling operation.
US10/937,499 2001-09-11 2004-09-10 Hydraulic fracturing of ground formations Abandoned US20050056428A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003904965A AU2003904965A0 (en) 2003-09-11 Hydraulic fracturing of ground formations
AU2003904965 2003-09-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20050056428A1 true US20050056428A1 (en) 2005-03-17

Family

ID=34230099

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/937,499 Abandoned US20050056428A1 (en) 2001-09-11 2004-09-10 Hydraulic fracturing of ground formations

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US20050056428A1 (en)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070277982A1 (en) * 2006-06-02 2007-12-06 Rod Shampine Split stream oilfield pumping systems
US20080060444A1 (en) * 2006-08-07 2008-03-13 Stim-Lab, Inc. Apparatus and method for measuring crush-resistance of granular materials
WO2008125808A1 (en) * 2007-04-17 2008-10-23 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Dry additive metering into portable blender tub
US20090018487A1 (en) * 2005-03-24 2009-01-15 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Catheter-Based, Dual Coil Photopolymerization System
US20090306898A1 (en) * 2008-06-04 2009-12-10 Prop Tester, Inc. Testing Particulate Materials
US20100243252A1 (en) * 2009-03-31 2010-09-30 Rajesh Luharuka Apparatus and Method for Oilfield Material Delivery
US20100243251A1 (en) * 2009-03-31 2010-09-30 Rajesh Luharuka Apparatus and Method for Oilfield Material Delivery
US8127844B2 (en) 2009-03-31 2012-03-06 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method for oilfield material delivery
CN102643637A (en) * 2012-03-22 2012-08-22 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Clear fracturing fluid
WO2013014434A3 (en) * 2011-07-25 2013-06-20 Clyde Union Limited Particulate material delivery method and system
US8844615B2 (en) 2006-09-15 2014-09-30 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Oilfield material delivery mechanism
CN106640025A (en) * 2017-01-18 2017-05-10 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 High-pressure hydro-fracture aggregate adding device for coal seam of mine
US9683432B2 (en) 2012-05-14 2017-06-20 Step Energy Services Llc Hybrid LPG frac

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2210118A (en) * 1937-12-15 1940-08-06 James A S Duncan Liquid flow controlling device
US2938305A (en) * 1953-10-12 1960-05-31 Clementina Ltd Control system for sandblasting equipment
US3256181A (en) * 1962-05-09 1966-06-14 Dow Chemical Co Method of mixing a pumpable liquid and particulate material
US4512405A (en) * 1984-02-29 1985-04-23 Hughes Tool Company Pneumatic transfer of solids into wells
US4780243A (en) * 1986-05-19 1988-10-25 Halliburton Company Dry sand foam generator
US5526879A (en) * 1992-06-22 1996-06-18 Solinst Canada Limited Introduction of particulate material into a borehole
US5538081A (en) * 1995-07-05 1996-07-23 Universal Environmental Technologies, Inc. Method of increasing the amount of hydrocarbons from an undeground reservoir
US5667012A (en) * 1995-10-11 1997-09-16 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method and apparatus for the addition of low-bulk-density fibers to a fluid
US5799734A (en) * 1996-07-18 1998-09-01 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Method of forming and using particulate slurries for well completion
US5899272A (en) * 1997-05-21 1999-05-04 Foremost Industries Inc. Fracture treatment system for wells

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2210118A (en) * 1937-12-15 1940-08-06 James A S Duncan Liquid flow controlling device
US2938305A (en) * 1953-10-12 1960-05-31 Clementina Ltd Control system for sandblasting equipment
US3256181A (en) * 1962-05-09 1966-06-14 Dow Chemical Co Method of mixing a pumpable liquid and particulate material
US4512405A (en) * 1984-02-29 1985-04-23 Hughes Tool Company Pneumatic transfer of solids into wells
US4780243A (en) * 1986-05-19 1988-10-25 Halliburton Company Dry sand foam generator
US5526879A (en) * 1992-06-22 1996-06-18 Solinst Canada Limited Introduction of particulate material into a borehole
US5538081A (en) * 1995-07-05 1996-07-23 Universal Environmental Technologies, Inc. Method of increasing the amount of hydrocarbons from an undeground reservoir
US5667012A (en) * 1995-10-11 1997-09-16 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method and apparatus for the addition of low-bulk-density fibers to a fluid
US5799734A (en) * 1996-07-18 1998-09-01 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Method of forming and using particulate slurries for well completion
US5899272A (en) * 1997-05-21 1999-05-04 Foremost Industries Inc. Fracture treatment system for wells

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090018487A1 (en) * 2005-03-24 2009-01-15 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Catheter-Based, Dual Coil Photopolymerization System
US7845413B2 (en) * 2006-06-02 2010-12-07 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method of pumping an oilfield fluid and split stream oilfield pumping systems
US11927086B2 (en) 2006-06-02 2024-03-12 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Split stream oilfield pumping systems
US10174599B2 (en) 2006-06-02 2019-01-08 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Split stream oilfield pumping systems
US9016383B2 (en) 2006-06-02 2015-04-28 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Split stream oilfield pumping systems
US20070277982A1 (en) * 2006-06-02 2007-12-06 Rod Shampine Split stream oilfield pumping systems
US8851186B2 (en) 2006-06-02 2014-10-07 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Split stream oilfield pumping systems
US8336631B2 (en) 2006-06-02 2012-12-25 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Split stream oilfield pumping systems
US8056635B2 (en) 2006-06-02 2011-11-15 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Split stream oilfield pumping systems
US7562583B2 (en) * 2006-08-07 2009-07-21 Stim-Lab, Inc. Apparatus and method for measuring crush-resistance of granular materials
US20080060444A1 (en) * 2006-08-07 2008-03-13 Stim-Lab, Inc. Apparatus and method for measuring crush-resistance of granular materials
US8844615B2 (en) 2006-09-15 2014-09-30 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Oilfield material delivery mechanism
WO2008125808A1 (en) * 2007-04-17 2008-10-23 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Dry additive metering into portable blender tub
US20080257449A1 (en) * 2007-04-17 2008-10-23 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Dry additive metering into portable blender tub
US20090306898A1 (en) * 2008-06-04 2009-12-10 Prop Tester, Inc. Testing Particulate Materials
US20100243252A1 (en) * 2009-03-31 2010-09-30 Rajesh Luharuka Apparatus and Method for Oilfield Material Delivery
US20100243251A1 (en) * 2009-03-31 2010-09-30 Rajesh Luharuka Apparatus and Method for Oilfield Material Delivery
US9133701B2 (en) 2009-03-31 2015-09-15 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Apparatus and method for oilfield material delivery
US8127844B2 (en) 2009-03-31 2012-03-06 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method for oilfield material delivery
WO2013014434A3 (en) * 2011-07-25 2013-06-20 Clyde Union Limited Particulate material delivery method and system
CN102643637A (en) * 2012-03-22 2012-08-22 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Clear fracturing fluid
US9683432B2 (en) 2012-05-14 2017-06-20 Step Energy Services Llc Hybrid LPG frac
CN106640025A (en) * 2017-01-18 2017-05-10 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 High-pressure hydro-fracture aggregate adding device for coal seam of mine

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4512405A (en) Pneumatic transfer of solids into wells
US20050056428A1 (en) Hydraulic fracturing of ground formations
US10577888B2 (en) Method of pressurizing fluid control valve
US9133701B2 (en) Apparatus and method for oilfield material delivery
US10865630B2 (en) Fracturing utilizing an air/fuel mixture
US5339905A (en) Gas injection dewatering process and apparatus
RU2747277C2 (en) System and method for injecting working fluids into a high-pressure injection line
US20230212454A1 (en) System, method and composition for fracturing a subterranean formation
Serdyukov et al. Open-hole multistage hydraulic fracturing system
US11346198B2 (en) Fracturing of a wet well utilizing an air/fuel mixture
US3331206A (en) Underground storage reservoir for liquids and gases and process for forming the same
CN202745838U (en) Co-well water-injection and water-extraction process tubular column
AU2004210598B2 (en) Hydraulic fracturing of ground formations
AU2007201182A1 (en) Hydraulic fracturing of ground formations
CN115539007A (en) Integrated device for fracturing and proppant injection under mine and construction method
US20240011379A1 (en) Proppant Conveyance System For Fracturing Operations
CN207260998U (en) The small coiled tubing bubble row of coal bed gas, gaslift water pumping gas production system
US20210172308A1 (en) Creating high conductivity layers in propped formations
Wang et al. Improving the Effective Supporting and Fracturing Technology is the Key to the Successful Stimulation of Low-Permeability and Low-Rank Coalbed Methane Reservoirs
RU2676780C1 (en) Method of injection of water in the system of supporting the reservoir pressure in weakly permeable headers
CA2984022C (en) Portable lubrication unit for a hydraulic fracturing valve assembly, and method for pre-pressurizing valves
CZ28550U1 (en) Device to generate hydraulic pressure and hydraulic impacts in water bearing environment in drill holes

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: COMMONWEALTH SCEINTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH OR

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:JEFFREY, ROBERT GRAHAM, JR.;REEL/FRAME:015994/0629

Effective date: 20040928

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION