US2004734A - Cross draft means for incinerators - Google Patents

Description

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CROSS DRAFT MEANS FOR INCINERATORS Filed Feb. 7, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 E .D WA RD W. STRUBE 3331;; hi 5 Sum;

Patented June 11, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 6 Claims.

This invention relates to cross draft methods and means for incinerators, and particularly to a means for diverting smoke and combustion gases which might otherwise be drawn into the feed chute through which garbage and waste material 6 is conducted into the fire compartment. Its

principal object is to produce a transverse current of air adjacent to the discharge end of the said chute through the combined action of a cold air intake and an expansion chamber, which chamber increases gradually in longitudinal dimension from its intake end toward its discharge extremity.

Another object is to provide a method and means for diverting upward flowing smoke and gases which have entered the mouth of a feed chute and drawing the same transversely into an expansion chamber.

A further object is to provide an expansion chamber adapted to rest over a combustion compartment and having an inclined lower wall and upwardly disposed side and back walls and an open area directed toward the smoke flue of the incinerator.

Another feature is an expansion chamber having an inclined bottom wall and side and back walls all of which are exposed to the heat of the combustion compartment.

Another feature is an outwardly flared discharge extremity on a feed chute and the walls of the said extremity passing through an expansion chamber and means in the said walls for the passage of smoke and gases into the said expansion chamber.

These and other objects and features of the invention will be fully set forth in the following specification and claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 shows a side view of an incinerator with the upper portion cut away as on the line l-I of Figure 3 to disclose the middle section of an expansion chamber and the mouth of an intake chute.

Fig. 2 is a front view of the upper portion of the incinerator shown in Figure 1; a part being broken away to show a partial transverse section through the expansion chamber and the intake chute.

Fig. 3 is a plan section on the line 3-3 of Figure 2.

Referring first to Figure 1 of the drawings, an incinerator is seen having outer walls It] and a clean out door I I. A grate is indicated by the dotted lines l2 and the fire compartment is shown at l3. Perforations M are seen in the walls of the fire compartment, a flue pipe is shown at ll, a cover plate at l5, and an intake chute at 16. The chute may extend upward to kitchen or like compartment, or may merely b supplied with a lid adjacent to the incineratoii top. Garbage and like material is fed into th incinerator through the intake chute and this; 5 falls into the fire compartment where it is burned, the smoke and gases passing off through the duel pipe I1.

Now, when the intake chute is open, a slight up-draft is created; this has a tendency to draw gases and smoke into the chute and upwardly into the adjacent living apartments. To prevent this action, an expansion chamber 20 is provided as shown, the detailed function of which will be described later.

In the drawings, the fire compartment is shown in the form of a perforated cylindrical casing I3. The outer walls of the compartment are also shown in cylindrical form. The apparatus here claimed, however, may be applied to any type of incinerator which may be of any desired form and may be built-in or otherwise constructed, having walls of brick, or of any other suitable material.

The expansion chamber 20, positioned over the fire compartment as shown, has an inclined bottom element or floor 2| and an inset flange 22 which engages a part of the upper edge of the fire compartment. It has vertical walls 23 which extend upward to the cover element l5 and inclose the sides and smaller end of the chamber 20. The entire large extremity of this chamber is open in the direction of the flue pipe l'l.

At the small end of the expansion chamber a tube 24 communicates with the open air, and in this tube is a ball check valve 25 having a plug seat 26. A stop pin 21 prevents the ball from running forwardly. There may be as many of these tubes as desired and the form of the valve may vary in any suitable manner. Another opening 28 is provided adjacent the tube and this communicates with the interior of the incinerator and takes in heated air therefrom.

It will thus be seen that cold air passes into the expansion chamber through the tube 24 and this, because of its weight being greater than the hot air in the incinerator, tends to pass down the incline toward the open end of the chamber; in the course of its passage it is expanded by the heat from the fire compartment, and as it expands, it seeks the line of least resistance, which is toward the large end of the said chamber. The hot air from the opening 28 augments this action and the flue draft adds a strong additional pull.

A current is, therefore, created which passes along the sides of the chute mouth 30 and this passing current draws into itself the smoke and gases which may be present in the said mouth above the fire compartment; the smoke and gas passing through the holes 3| into the expansion chamber and thence over to the flue pipe IT.

The chute mouth walls 32 are flared outwardly to prevent particles of garbage 01' the like from spreading out through the holes 3|. The angle of these walls may be increased to any desired extent.

While the invention is shown and described in its preferred embodiment; it is not limited to these exact details of form and construction, but is claimed broadly within the limits and scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is as follows:

1. In an incinerator, a casing structure having an outlet flue, an apertured combustion chamber positioned within and spaced from the casing structure to form a flue space which communicates with the interior of the combustion chamber by means of the apertures, an expansion chamber formed on top of the combustion chamber comprising a bottom and side walls, the bottom wall closing the top of the combustion cham-- ber and the side walls extending to the top of the casing structure, the side of the expansion chamber adjacent the said outlet flue opening into the said flue space and the opposite side having an intake duct communicating with the atmosphere, an intake chute passing through the expansion chamber to discharge material into the combustion chamber, and vents in the chute opening into the expansion chamber.

2. In an incinerator, a casing structure, means within the said casing and in spaced relation thereto forming an apertured combustion chamber, an inclined partition covering the top of the combustion chamber, and an intake chute passing through said partition, apertures in the walls of the said chute above the line of said partition, a wall partially around the outer margin of the said partition and extending upwardly to the top of the casing structure and forming together with the said inclined partition and top an expansion chamber opening into the space between said casing and the combustion-chamber-forming means, an intake valve connecting the said expansion chamber at a point opposite to said opening with the outer air, and a stack flue connecting said casing structure adjacent said expansion chamber.

3. In an incinerator, a casing structure, means forming a combustion chamber within and in spaced apart relation to the casing structure, a flue connected to said casing structure and opening into the space between the combustion chamher and the casing structure, an inclined floor over the combustion chamber, side walls extending upwardly from said floor to the top of the incinerator, the floor and walls defining an expansion compartment over said combustion chamber, the combustion chamber and expansion compartment being separated by the inclined floor, a charging chute communicating with the combustion chamber the chute having apertures in the walls thereof opening into the expansion chamber, said expansion compartment opening into the space between the combustion chamber and the casing structure at a point adjacent the fiue, said floor rising at an angle from said opening and terminating at the walls of the combustion chamber opposite the flue, and an air valve for said compartment positioned so that air therefrom moves past the chute.

4. In apparatus for incinerating garbage, a casing for the incinerator, a container within the casing for receiving the garbage and for retaining it during incineration, the lateral walls of the container being spaced from the casing and being perforated, the container having a sloping closed top wall, a chute opening through the top wall and into the container, and means to induce combustion gases trapped in the chute to flow directly out of the chute and into the casing, the inducing means including an inlet for atmospheric air adjacent the upper end of the top wall, apertures in the wall of said chute, and a stack vent opening into said casing immediately adjacent the lower end of said top wall.

5. In apparatus for incinerating garbage, a. casing for the incinerator, a stack vent opening into the casing at the upper portion thereof, a container within the casing for receiving the garbage and for retaining it during incineration, the lateral walls of the container being spaced from the casing and being perforated, the container having a sloping closed top wall, the lower edge of the top wall being immediately adjacent the opening of the stack vent into the casing, a chute opening through the top wall and into the container, and an inlet to the casing for atmospheric air substantially at the topmost portion of the top wall and directly opposite the opening of the stack vent, so that air will flow from the inlet past the chute to the stack vent, the chute being provided with passage means opening transversely of the air flow the inlet and the passage means providing means for inducing flow through the passage means from the chute, into the casing and to the stack vent, of combustion gases trapped in the chute.

6. In apparatus for incinerating garbage, a casing for the incinerator, a stack vent opening into the casing at the upper portion thereof, a container within the casing for receiving the garbage and for retaining it during incineration, the lateral walls of the container being spaced from the casing and being perforated, the container having a sloping closed top wall, the lower edge of the top wall being immediately adjacent the opening of the stack vent into the casing, a chute opening through the top wall and into the container, and an inlet to the casing for atmospheric air substantially at the topmost portion of the top wall and directly opposite the opening of the stack vent, the chute walls immediately opposite the stack vent being closed, the other walls having passages opening into the chute, whereby a flow of gases in the chute is induced through the passages from the chute, into the casing and to the stack vent.

EDWARD W. S'I'RUBE.

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