US20040261923A1 - Clean atmosphere heat treat for coated turbine components - Google Patents
Clean atmosphere heat treat for coated turbine components Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040261923A1 US20040261923A1 US10/606,436 US60643603A US2004261923A1 US 20040261923 A1 US20040261923 A1 US 20040261923A1 US 60643603 A US60643603 A US 60643603A US 2004261923 A1 US2004261923 A1 US 2004261923A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- workpiece
- injecting
- furnace
- center location
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005328 electron beam physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013404 process transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005019 vapor deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/80—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2241/00—Treatments in a special environment
- C21D2241/01—Treatments in a special environment under pressure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for heat treating workpieces, such as coated turbine components, and to an improved system for performing the heat treat method of the present invention.
- Overlay type metallic coatings i.e. NiCoCrAlY, CoCrAlY, etc.
- These overlay metallic coatings may be applied to substrate surfaces by thermal spray processes, such as low pressure plasma spray and atmosphere pressure plasma spray, or by vapor deposition processes such as electron beam physical vapor deposition or cathodic arc.
- thermal spray processes such as low pressure plasma spray and atmosphere pressure plasma spray
- vapor deposition processes such as electron beam physical vapor deposition or cathodic arc.
- the density of the coating plays an important role in the oxidation resistance characteristics as well as the life span at which the coating will protect the substrate from the corrosive environment in which it operates.
- a coating free of open pockets, voids, fissures, cracks, or leaders provides significantly longer oxidation life protection than a coating containing such aforementioned characteristics.
- the state-of-the art technology used today to ensure that such coatings are close to 100% dense as possible is to apply the coating as dense as possible, then diffusion heat treat the coating, followed by subjecting the overlay coating to energy from processes such as peening.
- the peening process transfers enough kinetic energy at impact from the peen media velocity into the coating surface to increase the coating density by compaction and to improve the coating surface finish.
- the extent to which the peening process can improve the coating density and surface finish is related to the amount of kinetic energy that can be transferred from the peening media impact event onto and into the coating surface (often measured with almen strip intensity) in conjunction with the coating's ductility. It should be noted that to apply coatings which are excessively ductile will not provide the proper protection within the hot corrosive environments in which they operate. Also, if one applies a coating that is excessively hard, the coating will not react well to the peening process and will leave excessive porosity within the coating structure, ultimately resulting in a poor life oxidation resistance coating.
- a method for heat treating workpieces broadly comprises the steps of cleaning a furnace to be used during the heat treating method, the cleaning method comprising injecting an inert gas, such as argon, or a reducing gas, such as hydrogen, at a workpiece center location and applying heat, and thereafter diffusion heat treating the at least one coated workpiece in a gas atmosphere, such as an inert gas or a reducing gas atmosphere, with the gas again being injected at the workpiece center location.
- a gas atmosphere such as an inert gas or a reducing gas atmosphere
- a system for heat treating a coated workpiece broadly comprising a furnace and means for injecting a gas into an interior of the furnace at a workpiece center location.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representative of a heat treatment system in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph showing an as-deposited and diffused coating on a workpiece
- FIG. 3 is a photomicrograph showing a coating which has been subjected to the clean atmosphere diffusion heat treatment of the present invention after surface finishing;
- FIG. 4 is a photomicrograph showing a coating which has not been subjected to the clean atmosphere diffusion heat treatment of the present invention after surface finishing.
- Overlay coatings are subjected to a diffusion heat treatment process followed by high energy impact events from processes such as peening to improve the coating density.
- the extent that a coating can be made 100% dense is related to the coating ductility as well as the surface finishing energy that can be obtained.
- the solution to improving coatings so they can be better transformed by surface finishing processes to a desirable density/quality level/surface finish begins with cleaning a furnace to be used in the diffusion heat treatment using a high temperature burnout heat-treat cycle with a gas, such as inert gas, preferably argon, and/or a reducing gas, such as hydrogen, being injected at the center of the work piece location area at a partial pressure preferably of 0.8 Torr or greater. It has been found that this creates a significantly cleaner furnace than the standard burn-out heat treat cycle used throughout the industry.
- a gas such as inert gas, preferably argon
- a reducing gas such as hydrogen
- FIG. 1 illustrates a modified heat treatment system 10 in accordance with the present invention.
- the system 10 includes a gas source 12 , a furnace 13 having a chamber 14 in which workpieces (not shown), such as coated turbine engine components, to be treated are placed, a manifold 18 for delivering the gas to the center 20 of the work piece location area, a feed line 22 between the manifold 18 and the gas source 12 , and a valve 24 for controlling the flow rate of the gas.
- the inventive furnace 13 is different from prior art furnaces where a gas is injected into the furnace through nozzles positioned about the exterior surface of the chamber 14 . It has been found that nozzles positioned in such locations actually increase the contamination which appears in the workpieces and the coatings.
- any contaminants which are present on or in the furnace walls are mostly turned into a vapor state once the furnace reaches adequate temperature. These contaminants are deposited onto the workpieces and the coating, changing the coating ductility by tying up grain boundaries within the coating. Once the ductility of the coating is decreased, the coating and workpiece cannot be surface finished with enough energy to adequately improve coating density to an acceptable level without damaging the work piece.
- any vacuum leaks which are present within the furnace leak in air which contains oxygen. The oxygen often oxidizes the workpieces as well as contaminates them, which changes the coating ductility by tying up grain boundaries within the coating. Once the ductility of the coating is decreased, the coating and the workpieces cannot be surface finished with enough energy to adequately improve coating density to an acceptable level without damaging the workpieces.
- the furnace chamber 14 is first cleaned by heating the furnace to a temperature which is 200-300° F. greater than the diffusion heat treatment temperature, typically greater than 2000° F., for a time period of 30 minutes or more.
- the gas is introduced at a flow rate which creates movement of contaminants from the center 20 of the workpiece location towards low pressure areas 26 about the furnace chamber 14 created by one or more vacuum pumps 30 and the exit area 28 .
- Suitable gas flow rates are within the range of those sufficient to carry the contaminants away from the center 20 to those which would cause the door of the furnace chamber 14 to open.
- a preferred flow rate for the gas is in the range of 30 liters per minute to 70 liters per minute.
- the gas is introduced at a partial pressure sufficient to create a pressure differential which carries the contaminants away from the center 20 .
- a particularly useful gas partial pressure is 0.8 Torr or greater.
- the diffusion heat treatment of the coated workpieces is carried out in the same gas environment under the same gas flow rate and partial pressure conditions.
- an inert gas with argon being a preferred gas, and/or a reducing gas, such as hydrogen, is injected into the chamber 14 at the center 20 of the workpiece location at the flow rate and partial pressures mentioned hereinabove. It has been found that by flowing the gas at a rate of 30 liters per minute to 70 liters per minute, the vacuum level during the diffusion heat treatment is in the range of 800 microns to 2000 microns.
- partial pressures of 0.8 Torr or greater are useful, the beneficial range of partial pressure depends on the configuration of the heat treat furnace as well as the quantity and condition of the coated workpieces being heat treated.
- the diffusion heat treatment may be carried out at a temperature in the range of 1900 degrees Fahrenheit to 2500 degrees Fahrenheit for a time period in the range of 1 to 24 hours. It has been found that workpieces subjected to the diffusion heat treatment described herein were able to be surface finished to produce an acceptable density and quality part.
- the workpieces with the coatings can be subjected to any surface finishing operation known in the art, such as a peening operation, to form a coating having an acceptable coating density and quality level.
- the physics of producing an acceptable coating density and quality level through heat treating and surface finishing using the method of the present invention is as follows.
- any vacuum leaks or elemental contamination which are present during the heat treat process will effectually reach the parts resulting in a decrease in coating ductility which cannot be further surface finished adequately to produce an acceptable density level coating.
- the method of first cleaning the furnace by performing a partial pressure heat treat with the gas, preferably argon, injected at the workpiece center location (typically the furnace center) results in the gas sweeping from the center of the furnace outward carrying (by means of random molecule collisions) all contaminates away from the furnace center which are removed by the vacuum pump(s) 30 .
- the second step of actually performing the diffusion heat treatment of the coating and workpieces within the partial pressure gas atmosphere with the gas, preferably argon, being injected at the work pieces' center location results in a high pressure clean area within the vacuum furnace where the parts are located. All contaminates, whether from inside the furnace or as a result of vacuum leaks, are forced away from the high-pressure protective area (where the parts are located) by means of random molecule collisions where the high pressure area always seeks low pressure areas. This method results in a clean diffusion heat treatment that allows the coatings to adequately diffuse into the base alloy without changing the coating ductility.
- the gas preferably argon
- the method of the present invention has been found to have particular utility in the diffusion heat treatment of turbine engine components having an overlay coating applied thereto.
- the method of the present invention can be used with any workpiece coated with any overlay coating known in the art.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a workpiece with an as deposited and diffused coating.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a coating which has been formed using the method described herein and which was surface finished by shot peening. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the coating is free of pores, voids, and other bad features. In fact, the coating is homogeneous and has very good ductility.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a coating which was not formed using the heat diffusion treatment of the present invention. After surface finishing, a poor quality coating was produced. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the coating has voids and fissures which makes it quite brittle.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
A method for heat treating at least one workpiece, such as a coated turbine engine component, is provided. The method comprises the steps of cleaning a furnace to be used during the heat treating method, which cleaning method comprising injecting a gas at a workpiece center location and applying heat, and diffusion heat treating the at least one workpiece in a gas atmosphere with the gas being injected at the workpiece center location. After the diffusion heat treatment step, the coated workpiece(s) may be subjected to a surface finishing operation such as a peening operation.
Description
- The present invention relates to a method for heat treating workpieces, such as coated turbine components, and to an improved system for performing the heat treat method of the present invention.
- Overlay type metallic coatings (i.e. NiCoCrAlY, CoCrAlY, etc.) are mostly characterized by their oxidation resistant sub-alloy protection properties and improved life span within the turbine engine environment. These overlay metallic coatings may be applied to substrate surfaces by thermal spray processes, such as low pressure plasma spray and atmosphere pressure plasma spray, or by vapor deposition processes such as electron beam physical vapor deposition or cathodic arc. The density of the coating plays an important role in the oxidation resistance characteristics as well as the life span at which the coating will protect the substrate from the corrosive environment in which it operates. A coating free of open pockets, voids, fissures, cracks, or leaders provides significantly longer oxidation life protection than a coating containing such aforementioned characteristics. The state-of-the art technology used today to ensure that such coatings are close to 100% dense as possible is to apply the coating as dense as possible, then diffusion heat treat the coating, followed by subjecting the overlay coating to energy from processes such as peening. The peening process transfers enough kinetic energy at impact from the peen media velocity into the coating surface to increase the coating density by compaction and to improve the coating surface finish. The extent to which the peening process can improve the coating density and surface finish is related to the amount of kinetic energy that can be transferred from the peening media impact event onto and into the coating surface (often measured with almen strip intensity) in conjunction with the coating's ductility. It should be noted that to apply coatings which are excessively ductile will not provide the proper protection within the hot corrosive environments in which they operate. Also, if one applies a coating that is excessively hard, the coating will not react well to the peening process and will leave excessive porosity within the coating structure, ultimately resulting in a poor life oxidation resistance coating.
- Accordingly, it is an object to provide an improved method for heat treating coated workpieces, such as coated turbine engine components.
- It is a further object of the present invention to provide an improved system for heat treating at least one coated workpiece.
- The foregoing objects are attained by the present invention.
- In accordance with the present invention, a method for heat treating workpieces is provided. The method broadly comprises the steps of cleaning a furnace to be used during the heat treating method, the cleaning method comprising injecting an inert gas, such as argon, or a reducing gas, such as hydrogen, at a workpiece center location and applying heat, and thereafter diffusion heat treating the at least one coated workpiece in a gas atmosphere, such as an inert gas or a reducing gas atmosphere, with the gas again being injected at the workpiece center location. After the heat treatment, the coated workpiece may be subjected to a surface finishing operation.
- Further, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a system for heat treating a coated workpiece broadly comprising a furnace and means for injecting a gas into an interior of the furnace at a workpiece center location.
- Other details of the clean atmosphere heat treat for coated turbine components, as well as other advantages and objects attendant thereto, are set forth in the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numerals depict like elements.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representative of a heat treatment system in accordance with the present invention;
- FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph showing an as-deposited and diffused coating on a workpiece;
- FIG. 3 is a photomicrograph showing a coating which has been subjected to the clean atmosphere diffusion heat treatment of the present invention after surface finishing; and
- FIG. 4 is a photomicrograph showing a coating which has not been subjected to the clean atmosphere diffusion heat treatment of the present invention after surface finishing.
- Overlay coatings are subjected to a diffusion heat treatment process followed by high energy impact events from processes such as peening to improve the coating density. The extent that a coating can be made 100% dense is related to the coating ductility as well as the surface finishing energy that can be obtained.
- It has been found by the inventors that the cleanliness of the diffusion heat treatment environment plays a significant role in coating ductility and the coating's final quality acceptability. A coating that has extensive open pockets, voids, fissures, cracks or leaders and has been exposed to a typical heat treat furnace atmosphere (vacuum or inert gas) can result in a coating that is impossible to bring to an acceptable density and acceptable quality condition. The contamination that affects the coating quality occurs within the furnace, from vacuum leaks and/or contamination from various elements within the furnace itself.
- Previous practice within the coating industry to correct a contaminated furnace has been to ensure the furnace is adequately free from vacuum leaks (a leak-up rate of 20 microns an hour or less) and perform a vacuum burn-out heat treat cycle a few hundred degrees higher than the highest temperature production heat treat cycle previously used within the furnace.
- It has been found that in cases where a coating that has been applied at a less than optimum deposition angle or in cases of a normally deposited coating that has an abundance of extensive open pockets, voids, fissures, cracks, or leaders followed by a diffusion heat treat cycle in a standard, normally acceptable and high temperature thermally cycled furnace, the coating generally cannot be transformed by surface finishing processes to an acceptable density/quality level.
- The solution to improving coatings so they can be better transformed by surface finishing processes to a desirable density/quality level/surface finish begins with cleaning a furnace to be used in the diffusion heat treatment using a high temperature burnout heat-treat cycle with a gas, such as inert gas, preferably argon, and/or a reducing gas, such as hydrogen, being injected at the center of the work piece location area at a partial pressure preferably of 0.8 Torr or greater. It has been found that this creates a significantly cleaner furnace than the standard burn-out heat treat cycle used throughout the industry.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a modified
heat treatment system 10 in accordance with the present invention. Thesystem 10 includes agas source 12, afurnace 13 having achamber 14 in which workpieces (not shown), such as coated turbine engine components, to be treated are placed, amanifold 18 for delivering the gas to thecenter 20 of the work piece location area, afeed line 22 between themanifold 18 and thegas source 12, and avalve 24 for controlling the flow rate of the gas. Theinventive furnace 13 is different from prior art furnaces where a gas is injected into the furnace through nozzles positioned about the exterior surface of thechamber 14. It has been found that nozzles positioned in such locations actually increase the contamination which appears in the workpieces and the coatings. This is because when heat treating a workpiece and coating within such a furnace, any contaminants which are present on or in the furnace walls are mostly turned into a vapor state once the furnace reaches adequate temperature. These contaminants are deposited onto the workpieces and the coating, changing the coating ductility by tying up grain boundaries within the coating. Once the ductility of the coating is decreased, the coating and workpiece cannot be surface finished with enough energy to adequately improve coating density to an acceptable level without damaging the work piece. It should be understood that when heat treating a coating within a furnace, any vacuum leaks which are present within the furnace leak in air which contains oxygen. The oxygen often oxidizes the workpieces as well as contaminates them, which changes the coating ductility by tying up grain boundaries within the coating. Once the ductility of the coating is decreased, the coating and the workpieces cannot be surface finished with enough energy to adequately improve coating density to an acceptable level without damaging the workpieces. - The
system 10 of the present invention with the improved furnace design avoids such contamination of the workpieces and the coatings. - In accordance with the present invention, the
furnace chamber 14 is first cleaned by heating the furnace to a temperature which is 200-300° F. greater than the diffusion heat treatment temperature, typically greater than 2000° F., for a time period of 30 minutes or more. During the heating cycle, the gas is introduced at a flow rate which creates movement of contaminants from thecenter 20 of the workpiece location towardslow pressure areas 26 about thefurnace chamber 14 created by one ormore vacuum pumps 30 and theexit area 28. Suitable gas flow rates are within the range of those sufficient to carry the contaminants away from thecenter 20 to those which would cause the door of thefurnace chamber 14 to open. A preferred flow rate for the gas is in the range of 30 liters per minute to 70 liters per minute. The gas is introduced at a partial pressure sufficient to create a pressure differential which carries the contaminants away from thecenter 20. A particularly useful gas partial pressure is 0.8 Torr or greater. - After cleaning the furnace in the above manner, the diffusion heat treatment of the coated workpieces is carried out in the same gas environment under the same gas flow rate and partial pressure conditions. As before, an inert gas, with argon being a preferred gas, and/or a reducing gas, such as hydrogen, is injected into the
chamber 14 at thecenter 20 of the workpiece location at the flow rate and partial pressures mentioned hereinabove. It has been found that by flowing the gas at a rate of 30 liters per minute to 70 liters per minute, the vacuum level during the diffusion heat treatment is in the range of 800 microns to 2000 microns. While partial pressures of 0.8 Torr or greater are useful, the beneficial range of partial pressure depends on the configuration of the heat treat furnace as well as the quantity and condition of the coated workpieces being heat treated. The diffusion heat treatment may be carried out at a temperature in the range of 1900 degrees Fahrenheit to 2500 degrees Fahrenheit for a time period in the range of 1 to 24 hours. It has been found that workpieces subjected to the diffusion heat treatment described herein were able to be surface finished to produce an acceptable density and quality part. - After the diffusion heat treatment step, the workpieces with the coatings can be subjected to any surface finishing operation known in the art, such as a peening operation, to form a coating having an acceptable coating density and quality level.
- The physics of producing an acceptable coating density and quality level through heat treating and surface finishing using the method of the present invention is as follows. When heat treating a workpiece and coating within a furnace, any vacuum leaks or elemental contamination which are present during the heat treat process will effectually reach the parts resulting in a decrease in coating ductility which cannot be further surface finished adequately to produce an acceptable density level coating. The method of first cleaning the furnace by performing a partial pressure heat treat with the gas, preferably argon, injected at the workpiece center location (typically the furnace center) results in the gas sweeping from the center of the furnace outward carrying (by means of random molecule collisions) all contaminates away from the furnace center which are removed by the vacuum pump(s)30. The second step of actually performing the diffusion heat treatment of the coating and workpieces within the partial pressure gas atmosphere with the gas, preferably argon, being injected at the work pieces' center location results in a high pressure clean area within the vacuum furnace where the parts are located. All contaminates, whether from inside the furnace or as a result of vacuum leaks, are forced away from the high-pressure protective area (where the parts are located) by means of random molecule collisions where the high pressure area always seeks low pressure areas. This method results in a clean diffusion heat treatment that allows the coatings to adequately diffuse into the base alloy without changing the coating ductility.
- The method of the present invention has been found to have particular utility in the diffusion heat treatment of turbine engine components having an overlay coating applied thereto. The method of the present invention can be used with any workpiece coated with any overlay coating known in the art.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a workpiece with an as deposited and diffused coating. FIG. 3 illustrates a coating which has been formed using the method described herein and which was surface finished by shot peening. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the coating is free of pores, voids, and other bad features. In fact, the coating is homogeneous and has very good ductility. FIG. 4 illustrates a coating which was not formed using the heat diffusion treatment of the present invention. After surface finishing, a poor quality coating was produced. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the coating has voids and fissures which makes it quite brittle.
- While it is preferred to use a single gas for the furnace cleaning and diffusion heat treating steps, it is possible to use a mixture of gases, such as a mixture of inert gases or a mixture of an inert gas with a reducing gas.
- It is apparent that there has been provided in accordance with the present invention a clean heat treat for coated turbine components which fully satisfies the objects, means, and advantages set forth hereinbefore. While the present invention has been described in the context of specific embodiments thereof, other alternatives, modifications, and variations will become apparent to those skilled in the art having read the foregoing detailed description. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace those alternatives, modifications, and variations as fall within the broad scope of the appended claims.
Claims (27)
1. A method for heat treating at least one workpiece comprising the steps of:
cleaning a furnace to be used during said heat treating method;
said cleaning method comprising injecting a gas at a workpiece center location and applying heat; and
diffusion heat treating said at least one workpiece in a gas atmosphere with said gas being injected at said workpiece center location.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said cleaning method comprises injecting said gas into said furnace at said workpiece center location at a flow rate sufficient to create a pressure differential which carries contaminants away from said workpiece center location toward an exit.
3. A method according to claim 2 , wherein said gas injecting step comprises injecting said gas at a partial pressure of at least 0.8 Torr.
4. A method according to claim 2 , wherein said gas injecting step comprises injecting said gas into said furnace at a rate of 30 liters per minute to 70 liters per minute.
5. A method according to claim 2 , wherein said gas injecting step comprises injecting an inert gas.
6. A method according to claim 2 , wherein said gas injecting step comprises injecting argon.
7. A method according to claim 2 , wherein said gas injecting step comprises injecting a reducing gas.
8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said diffusion heat treatment step is carried out at a temperature in the range of 1900 degrees Fahrenheit to 2500 degrees Fahrenheit for a time period in the range of 1 to 24 hours.
9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said diffusion heat treatment step comprises injecting said gas into said workpiece center location at a rate sufficient to carry away contaminants in said workpiece but less than a rate at which a door to said furnace is caused to open.
10. A method according to claim 9 , wherein said diffusion heat treatment step comprises injecting said gas into said workpiece center location at a partial pressure of at least 0.8 Torr.
11. A method according to claim 9 , wherein said gas is injected into said furnace at a flow rate of 30 liters per minute to 70 liters per minute.
12. A method according to claim 9 , wherein said diffusion heat treatment comprises injecting an inert gas.
13. A method according to claim 9 , wherein said diffusion treatment comprises injecting argon.
14. A method according to claim 9 , wherein said diffusion heat treatment comprises injecting a reducing gas.
15. A method for providing at least one workpiece having a coating comprising the steps of:
diffusion heat treating said at least one workpiece in gas atmosphere within a furnace with said gas being injected at a workpiece center location;
removing said workpiece from said furnace; and
subjecting said coated workpiece to a surface finishing operation.
16. A method according to claim 15 , wherein said diffusion heat treatment step is carried out at a temperature in the range of 1900 degrees Fahrenheit to 2500 degrees Fahrenheit for a time period in the range of 1 to 24 hours.
17. A method according to claim 15 , wherein said diffusion heat treatment step comprises injecting said gas into said workpiece center location at a rate sufficient to carry away contaminants in said workpiece but less than a rate at which a door to said furnace is caused to open.
18. A method according to claim 17 , wherein said diffusion heat treatment step comprises injecting said gas into said workpiece center location at a partial pressure of at least 0.8 Torr.
19. A method according to claim 17 , wherein said gas is injected into said furnace at a flow rate of 30 liter per minute to 70 liters per minute.
20. A method according to claim 15 , wherein said surface finishing step comprising subjecting said coated workpiece to a peening operation.
21. A method according to claim 1S, wherein said diffusion heat treating step comprises injecting an inert gas into said workpiece center location.
22. A method according to claim 15 , wherein said diffusion heat treating step comprises injecting argon into said workpiece center location.
23. A method according to claim 15 , wherein said diffusion heat treating step comprises injecting a reducing gas into said workpiece center location.
24. A system for heat treating a coated workpiece comprising:
a furnace having a chamber; and
means for injecting a gas into an interior of said furnace chamber at a workpiece center location.
25. A system according to claim 24 , wherein said gas injecting means comprises means for injecting said gas at a flow rate sufficient to carry any contaminants from said workpiece center location toward an exit.
26. A system according to claim 24 , wherein said injecting means comprises means for injecting at least one of an inert gas or a reducing gas.
27. A system according to claim 24 , wherein said injecting means comprises means for injecting argon gas.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/606,436 US20040261923A1 (en) | 2003-06-25 | 2003-06-25 | Clean atmosphere heat treat for coated turbine components |
EP04253678A EP1491643B1 (en) | 2003-06-25 | 2004-06-18 | Heat treatment for workpieces |
JP2004187208A JP4038196B2 (en) | 2003-06-25 | 2004-06-25 | Clean atmosphere heat treatment method and heat treatment apparatus for coated turbine components |
US11/296,980 US7429174B2 (en) | 2003-06-25 | 2005-12-07 | Clean atmosphere heat treat for coated turbine components |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/606,436 US20040261923A1 (en) | 2003-06-25 | 2003-06-25 | Clean atmosphere heat treat for coated turbine components |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/296,980 Division US7429174B2 (en) | 2003-06-25 | 2005-12-07 | Clean atmosphere heat treat for coated turbine components |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20040261923A1 true US20040261923A1 (en) | 2004-12-30 |
Family
ID=33418688
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/606,436 Abandoned US20040261923A1 (en) | 2003-06-25 | 2003-06-25 | Clean atmosphere heat treat for coated turbine components |
US11/296,980 Expired - Lifetime US7429174B2 (en) | 2003-06-25 | 2005-12-07 | Clean atmosphere heat treat for coated turbine components |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/296,980 Expired - Lifetime US7429174B2 (en) | 2003-06-25 | 2005-12-07 | Clean atmosphere heat treat for coated turbine components |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20040261923A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1491643B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4038196B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050126593A1 (en) * | 2003-12-10 | 2005-06-16 | General Electric Company | Methods of hydrogen cleaning of metallic surfaces |
CN114060834A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-02-18 | 佛山市三水凤铝铝业有限公司 | Cleaning device and cleaning method for spraying hanger |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8906181B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2014-12-09 | United Technologies Corporation | Fan blade finishing |
US20220055772A1 (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2022-02-24 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Methods for cleaning aerospace components |
US20230330716A1 (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2023-10-19 | General Electric Company | System and method for cleaning turbine components |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6042898A (en) * | 1998-12-15 | 2000-03-28 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for applying improved durability thermal barrier coatings |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4570053A (en) * | 1983-05-04 | 1986-02-11 | General Electric Company | Apparatus for heating a turbine wheel |
JPS62139810A (en) * | 1985-12-16 | 1987-06-23 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for cleaning inside of tempering furnace |
JPH01205085A (en) * | 1988-02-12 | 1989-08-17 | Mazda Motor Corp | Method for cleaning metal |
US5628829A (en) * | 1994-06-03 | 1997-05-13 | Materials Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for low temperature deposition of CVD and PECVD films |
JPH0945624A (en) * | 1995-07-27 | 1997-02-14 | Tokyo Electron Ltd | Leaf-type heat treating system |
JP3687698B2 (en) | 1996-02-13 | 2005-08-24 | 株式会社コベルコ マテリアル銅管 | Heat treatment method and apparatus for metal tube coil |
US5993916A (en) * | 1996-07-12 | 1999-11-30 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Method for substrate processing with improved throughput and yield |
US6171982B1 (en) * | 1997-12-26 | 2001-01-09 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method and apparatus for heat-treating an SOI substrate and method of preparing an SOI substrate by using the same |
JP2001152294A (en) | 1999-11-26 | 2001-06-05 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Tool steel for plastic molding die excellent in corrosion resistance and machinability |
WO2001071784A1 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2001-09-27 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method of manufacturing semiconductor and manufacturing apparatus |
US6706325B2 (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2004-03-16 | General Electric Company | Article protected by a thermal barrier coating system and its fabrication |
JP3594235B2 (en) * | 2000-05-22 | 2004-11-24 | インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレーション | Heat treatment furnace with gas leakage prevention function |
GB2365117B (en) * | 2000-07-28 | 2005-02-16 | Planer Products Ltd | Method of and apparatus for heating a substrate |
US6488986B2 (en) * | 2001-01-29 | 2002-12-03 | General Electric Company | Combined coat, heat treat, quench method for gas turbine engine components |
US6656838B2 (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2003-12-02 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Process for producing semiconductor and apparatus for production |
JP2002305190A (en) * | 2001-04-09 | 2002-10-18 | Tokyo Electron Ltd | Heat treating apparatus and method for cleaning the same |
JP2003027209A (en) * | 2001-06-28 | 2003-01-29 | Tatung Co | Surface hardening treatment method for deep hole of parts in vacuum furnace |
US20060216949A1 (en) * | 2003-04-22 | 2006-09-28 | Kazuhide Hasebe | Method for cleaning heat treatment apparatus |
-
2003
- 2003-06-25 US US10/606,436 patent/US20040261923A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2004
- 2004-06-18 EP EP04253678A patent/EP1491643B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-06-25 JP JP2004187208A patent/JP4038196B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-12-07 US US11/296,980 patent/US7429174B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6042898A (en) * | 1998-12-15 | 2000-03-28 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for applying improved durability thermal barrier coatings |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050126593A1 (en) * | 2003-12-10 | 2005-06-16 | General Electric Company | Methods of hydrogen cleaning of metallic surfaces |
US7361233B2 (en) * | 2003-12-10 | 2008-04-22 | General Electric Company | Methods of hydrogen cleaning of metallic surfaces |
CN114060834A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-02-18 | 佛山市三水凤铝铝业有限公司 | Cleaning device and cleaning method for spraying hanger |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1491643A3 (en) | 2005-11-23 |
JP2005015920A (en) | 2005-01-20 |
EP1491643A2 (en) | 2004-12-29 |
EP1491643B1 (en) | 2013-03-27 |
US20060086439A1 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
JP4038196B2 (en) | 2008-01-23 |
US7429174B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US8597724B2 (en) | Corrosion protective coating through cold spray | |
US7259350B2 (en) | Turbine component crack repair using cathodic arc and/or low pressure plasma spraying and HIP | |
US6403165B1 (en) | Method for modifying stoichiometric NiAl coatings applied to turbine airfoils by thermal processes | |
US5614054A (en) | Process for removing a thermal barrier coating | |
KR101519709B1 (en) | A method and system for die compensation and restoration using high velocity oxy-fuel spray coaitng and plasma ion nitriding | |
US7429174B2 (en) | Clean atmosphere heat treat for coated turbine components | |
US6471881B1 (en) | Thermal barrier coating having improved durability and method of providing the coating | |
EP1321625B1 (en) | Method for removing a metallic layer | |
JP2771947B2 (en) | Sliding member | |
US8123872B2 (en) | Carburization process for stabilizing nickel-based superalloys | |
US20050059321A1 (en) | Method and device for polishing the surface of a gas turbine blade | |
EP1273681A2 (en) | Method for improving the tbc life of a single phase platinum aluminide bond coat by preoxidation heat treatment | |
US20080178907A1 (en) | Method for treating a thermally loaded component | |
KR101171682B1 (en) | A method for Nitriding Surface of Aluminum or Aluminum Alloy by Cold Spray Method | |
CN101294284A (en) | Ablation-resistant fatigue-resistant plasma surface recombination reinforcing method | |
JP2006274326A (en) | METHOD FOR FORMING Ti FILM | |
US5780106A (en) | Method for low temperature aluminum coating of an article | |
RU2308537C1 (en) | Method of working surface of metallic article | |
CN110983242A (en) | Preparation method of TiN coating of titanium alloy part of aircraft engine | |
Roliński et al. | Negative effects of reactive sputtering in an industrial plasma nitriding | |
EP1939326A2 (en) | Process for preventing the formation of secondary reaction zone in susceptible articles, and articles manufactured using same | |
US11549371B2 (en) | Method for pickling a turbomachine component | |
JPS61245978A (en) | Ceramic coated torch nozzle and its production | |
JP2003064466A (en) | Gear cutting tool and surface modifying method | |
EP1076108A1 (en) | Process for treating the surface of a component, made from a Ni based superalloy, to be coated |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION, CONNECTICUT Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BURNS, STEVEN M.;HAHN, STEVEN P.;REEL/FRAME:014376/0127 Effective date: 20030619 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- AFTER EXAMINER'S ANSWER OR BOARD OF APPEALS DECISION |