US20040231770A1 - Gas-generating substances - Google Patents
Gas-generating substances Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040231770A1 US20040231770A1 US10/807,289 US80728904A US2004231770A1 US 20040231770 A1 US20040231770 A1 US 20040231770A1 US 80728904 A US80728904 A US 80728904A US 2004231770 A1 US2004231770 A1 US 2004231770A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- generating substance
- substance according
- nitrate
- fuels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/10—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of solids with liquids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/008—Tagging additives
Definitions
- the invention relates to gas-generating substances, in particular for gas generators in belt tighteners and inflatable air-bags for protecting the occupants of motor vehicles against injuries.
- a gas charge in tablet or disc form or as granules or e.g. in noodle form is used as a combustible gas-evolving material.
- this gas charge generates the useful or compressed gas for the inflation of the air-bag.
- the disadvantage of the combustion of solid gas-evolving materials is the extremely high amount of slag produced during the combustion, which may make up more than 50% of the gas charge material used. Because of the slag and dust formed during the combustion, complicated filter stages are required in the gas generator in order to retain slag and dust particles. Otherwise the air-bag would be damaged during the discharge of these particles and the occupants may be exposed to danger.
- the invention is based on the object of providing a gas-evolving material for a gas generator, in particular for a belt tightener for an inflatable air-bag for protecting the occupant of a motor vehicle against injuries, where slag retention equipment is not required for the gas-evolving material.
- the achievement of the aforementioned object consists in a mixture of laughing gas as oxidising agent and one or more fuels that are solid under the usual conditions (room temperature and standard pressure).
- laughing gas N 2 O
- the pressurised laughing gas is ignited together with the solid fuels by an ignition device containing an ignition charge.
- an ignition charge for example, of an exploding wire or an ignition bridge, optionally with reinforcement with a booster charge, to produce a particle-rich, hot flame.
- the ignition fumes and hot combustion gases ignite the gas/solid mixture.
- the latter burns in the combustion chamber without solid particles remaining.
- Filter stages that are positioned before at least one outlet opening of the gas generator housing wall may therefore be dispensed with when the gas/solid mixture according to the invention is used. If filter stages are provided, the latter serve exclusively cooling purposes.
- the cooling may also be carried out in another manner, however, by, for example, fitting downstream of the combustion chamber a distribution compartment of the housing, from which the combustion gases pass to the outside via at least one outlet opening.
- gases or gas mixtures with low intake pressure are proposed, which, as a result of exothermic conditions, produce a manifold increase in volume on burn-off and require no filters of any kind.
- the gas or gas mixture usable according to the invention consists of the oxidising agent.
- oxygen or air is dispensed with as oxidising agent.
- In dinitrogen monoxide (laughing gas) there exists a gas which may be easily liquefied (critical pressure: 72.7 bar, critical temperature: 36.4° C.).
- the oxidising capacity is twice as high as that of air and in contrast to pure oxygen or air, laughing gas behaves up to at least 200° C.
- Nitrogen monoxide (NO/N 2 O, critical pressure 64 bar, critical temperature ⁇ 93° C.) may also be used in a mixture with laughing gas or as a gaseous oxidising agent on its own.
- inert gases carbon dioxide, air, helium, neon, argon
- the use of nitrogen monoxide has the advantage that there is no formation of condensed portions which first have to evaporate during the burn-off reaction. Additions of smell-intensive gases such as e.g. mercaptans in small amounts may make a rapid detection of leaks possible.
- the addition of e.g. vanillin improves the smell properties of the burn-off fumes in the application case.
- polymers from the group of the hydrocarbons such as ethylene, propylene, isoprene, styrene, as well as those which may also contain oxygen and are derived from e.g. carboxylic acids such as polyvinyl acetates, polymethacrylates, polyterephthalates and other polyesters, polyethers, polycarbonates, and also polyoxymethylene, oligo- and polysaccharides such as sugar, cellulose, starch, polyvinyl acetals or polyvinyl alcohols.
- further polymers of different compositions are also usable, provided the reaction products do not contain any dangerous components in an inadmissible amount, such as e.g.
- nitroguanidine NaGu
- derivatives of tetrazole such as 5-aminotetrazole, 5-aminotetrazole nitrate, bistetrazole amine or bistetrazole, aminoguanidine nitrate, diaminoguanidine nitrate, triaminoguanidine nitrate, guanidine nitrate, dicyanodiamidine nitrate, diaminoguanidine azotetrazolate, nitrotriazolone, dicanediamidine nitrate, hexogen, octogen.
- the following may be used, for example, as further fuels: urea, organic acids (e.g. fumaric acid, ascorbic acid, oxalic acid), cork, wood, metals (e.g. aluminium, titanium) and non-metals (e.g. boron, silicon), nitrides, azides or inorganic benzene (B 3 N 3 ).
- the fuels may be applied in the form of powder, granules, pressings such as e.g. tablets, or in the case of polymers e.g. also as cut fibres or twisted fibres, mats, woven fabrics, porous foams e.g. of polyurethanes.
- the specific embodiments may be surface-treated by being impregnated or mixed with liquids or pasty substances (inhibitors).
- Further additives catalysts may be used, for example ferrocene and derivatives, iron or copper acetylacetonate and/or oxidising agents such as, for example, nitrates of alkali and alkaline earth elements, perchlorates of alkali and alkaline earth elements, ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, zinc peroxide, perborates, peroxodisulphates, permanganates, tin dioxide, manganese dioxide, oxidising agents derived from the nitramines and mixtures of these components and/or porosity generators, such as for example ammonium hydrogencarbonate, acetone dicarboxylic acid, azoisobutyronitrile and/or hollow plastics spheres.
- oxidising agents such as, for example, ammonium hydrogencarbonate, acetone dicarboxylic acid, azoisobutyronitrile and/or hollow plastics spheres.
- the ratio by weight of the fuels to dinitrogen monoxide is preferably adjusted in such a way that a non-combustible gas mixture is obtained after the reaction. Accordingly the ratio by weight of the fuels to dinitrogen monoxide should be adapted to the stoichiometric proportions of a (where possible) complete combustion. Dinitrogen monoxide is therefore used to advantage in a slight excess, referred to the fuel.
- the reaction products then consist substantially of gaseous substances (CO 2 , H 2 O and N 2 ).
- the gas/solid systems described according to the invention produce, according to how they are chosen, residue-free, almost CO- and NO x -free, reaction products, with the burn-off property being controllable according to the nature, proportion by weight, geometry and configuration of the fuel.
- All the tests are carried out in a sealed pressure vessel with a volume of approx. 120 ml.
- the ignition is performed electrically with 150 mg of a boron/potassium nitrate mixture as booster.
- the laughing gas is fed into the vessel by means of a compressor.
- the weighed portion of laughing gas may be determined by weighing of the vessel before and after the charging.
- the internal pressure in the vessel comes after the feeding to approx. 4 Mpa.
- the solid selected is weighed into the vessel prior to the charging with laughing gas.
- the pressure measurement is carried out in the vessel by piezoelectric pressure elements. Maximum pressure (p max ), pressure increase time ( ⁇ t) and time until maximum pressure(t pmax )is reached are measured.
- Example 1 the behaviour of the laughing gas without additional fuel is shown (see Table 1). Heating and pressure increase takes place in the vessel due to the ignition, which pressure increase however differs significantly from the burn-off behaviour in the presence of solids, as Examples 2-4 show. In Examples 2-4 the burn-off behaviour of various materials such as polystyrene, nitroguanidine and starch is represented. A summary of the results is given in Table 1.
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to gas-generating substances, in particular for gas generators in belt tighteners and inflatable air-bags for protecting the occupants of motor vehicles against injuries.
- With the gas generators currently used for inflatable air-bags, a gas charge in tablet or disc form or as granules or e.g. in noodle form is used as a combustible gas-evolving material. During burn-off, this gas charge generates the useful or compressed gas for the inflation of the air-bag. The disadvantage of the combustion of solid gas-evolving materials is the extremely high amount of slag produced during the combustion, which may make up more than 50% of the gas charge material used. Because of the slag and dust formed during the combustion, complicated filter stages are required in the gas generator in order to retain slag and dust particles. Otherwise the air-bag would be damaged during the discharge of these particles and the occupants may be exposed to danger.
- As an alternative to these gas charges, generators containing compressed gases or air exist. Very high charging pressures are required for the formation of a sufficient gas volume, since cooling takes place during the outflow of the gases and no increase in volume is achieved through exothermic reactions as in the case of solid mixtures. In order to offset the cooling, a solid propellant fuel is frequently used, which ensures the operation of the gas generator merely through the heat of reaction during its burn-off and the additional gas evolution.
- The invention is based on the object of providing a gas-evolving material for a gas generator, in particular for a belt tightener for an inflatable air-bag for protecting the occupant of a motor vehicle against injuries, where slag retention equipment is not required for the gas-evolving material.
- The achievement of the aforementioned object consists in a mixture of laughing gas as oxidising agent and one or more fuels that are solid under the usual conditions (room temperature and standard pressure). Used as a gas-evolving material is laughing gas (N2O) as oxidising agent in combination with solid fuels or mixtures which react after ignition in a controlled manner in the combustion chamber to form slag-free or largely slag-free gaseous reaction products. The pressurised laughing gas is ignited together with the solid fuels by an ignition device containing an ignition charge. Use may be made as an ignition charge, for example, of an exploding wire or an ignition bridge, optionally with reinforcement with a booster charge, to produce a particle-rich, hot flame.
- The ignition fumes and hot combustion gases ignite the gas/solid mixture. The latter burns in the combustion chamber without solid particles remaining. Filter stages that are positioned before at least one outlet opening of the gas generator housing wall may therefore be dispensed with when the gas/solid mixture according to the invention is used. If filter stages are provided, the latter serve exclusively cooling purposes. The cooling may also be carried out in another manner, however, by, for example, fitting downstream of the combustion chamber a distribution compartment of the housing, from which the combustion gases pass to the outside via at least one outlet opening.
- According to the invention gases or gas mixtures with low intake pressure are proposed, which, as a result of exothermic conditions, produce a manifold increase in volume on burn-off and require no filters of any kind. The gas or gas mixture usable according to the invention consists of the oxidising agent. In order to avoid high intake pressures, oxygen or air is dispensed with as oxidising agent. In dinitrogen monoxide (laughing gas) there exists a gas which may be easily liquefied (critical pressure: 72.7 bar, critical temperature: 36.4° C.). The oxidising capacity is twice as high as that of air and in contrast to pure oxygen or air, laughing gas behaves up to at least 200° C. as an inert gas, as a result of which quiescent oxidising processes are prevented even during storage at high temperature. Nitrogen monoxide (NO/N2O, critical pressure 64 bar, critical temperature −93° C.) may also be used in a mixture with laughing gas or as a gaseous oxidising agent on its own. In order to control the reactivity of the gases, inert gases (carbon dioxide, air, helium, neon, argon) may be added. The use of nitrogen monoxide has the advantage that there is no formation of condensed portions which first have to evaporate during the burn-off reaction. Additions of smell-intensive gases such as e.g. mercaptans in small amounts may make a rapid detection of leaks possible. The addition of e.g. vanillin improves the smell properties of the burn-off fumes in the application case.
- According to the invention, used as fuels are polymers from the group of the hydrocarbons, such as ethylene, propylene, isoprene, styrene, as well as those which may also contain oxygen and are derived from e.g. carboxylic acids such as polyvinyl acetates, polymethacrylates, polyterephthalates and other polyesters, polyethers, polycarbonates, and also polyoxymethylene, oligo- and polysaccharides such as sugar, cellulose, starch, polyvinyl acetals or polyvinyl alcohols. In addition, however, further polymers of different compositions are also usable, provided the reaction products do not contain any dangerous components in an inadmissible amount, such as e.g. HCl, HCN, HF or phosgene. Explosive substances may also be used as additional reactive components of the fuels. Examples are nitroguanidine (NiGu), derivatives of tetrazole such as 5-aminotetrazole, 5-aminotetrazole nitrate, bistetrazole amine or bistetrazole, aminoguanidine nitrate, diaminoguanidine nitrate, triaminoguanidine nitrate, guanidine nitrate, dicyanodiamidine nitrate, diaminoguanidine azotetrazolate, nitrotriazolone, dicanediamidine nitrate, hexogen, octogen. The following may be used, for example, as further fuels: urea, organic acids (e.g. fumaric acid, ascorbic acid, oxalic acid), cork, wood, metals (e.g. aluminium, titanium) and non-metals (e.g. boron, silicon), nitrides, azides or inorganic benzene (B3N3). The fuels may be applied in the form of powder, granules, pressings such as e.g. tablets, or in the case of polymers e.g. also as cut fibres or twisted fibres, mats, woven fabrics, porous foams e.g. of polyurethanes. To control the burn-off, the specific embodiments may be surface-treated by being impregnated or mixed with liquids or pasty substances (inhibitors).
- Further additives catalysts may be used, for example ferrocene and derivatives, iron or copper acetylacetonate and/or oxidising agents such as, for example, nitrates of alkali and alkaline earth elements, perchlorates of alkali and alkaline earth elements, ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, zinc peroxide, perborates, peroxodisulphates, permanganates, tin dioxide, manganese dioxide, oxidising agents derived from the nitramines and mixtures of these components and/or porosity generators, such as for example ammonium hydrogencarbonate, acetone dicarboxylic acid, azoisobutyronitrile and/or hollow plastics spheres.
- The ratio by weight of the fuels to dinitrogen monoxide is preferably adjusted in such a way that a non-combustible gas mixture is obtained after the reaction. Accordingly the ratio by weight of the fuels to dinitrogen monoxide should be adapted to the stoichiometric proportions of a (where possible) complete combustion. Dinitrogen monoxide is therefore used to advantage in a slight excess, referred to the fuel. The reaction products then consist substantially of gaseous substances (CO2, H2O and N2). The gas/solid systems described according to the invention produce, according to how they are chosen, residue-free, almost CO- and NOx-free, reaction products, with the burn-off property being controllable according to the nature, proportion by weight, geometry and configuration of the fuel.
- The invention will be described in detail below through examples, without however limiting it:
- All the tests are carried out in a sealed pressure vessel with a volume of approx. 120 ml. The ignition is performed electrically with 150 mg of a boron/potassium nitrate mixture as booster. The laughing gas is fed into the vessel by means of a compressor. The weighed portion of laughing gas may be determined by weighing of the vessel before and after the charging. The internal pressure in the vessel comes after the feeding to approx. 4 Mpa. The solid selected is weighed into the vessel prior to the charging with laughing gas. The pressure measurement is carried out in the vessel by piezoelectric pressure elements. Maximum pressure (pmax), pressure increase time (Δt) and time until maximum pressure(tpmax)is reached are measured. In Example 1 the behaviour of the laughing gas without additional fuel is shown (see Table 1). Heating and pressure increase takes place in the vessel due to the ignition, which pressure increase however differs significantly from the burn-off behaviour in the presence of solids, as Examples 2-4 show. In Examples 2-4 the burn-off behaviour of various materials such as polystyrene, nitroguanidine and starch is represented. A summary of the results is given in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Summary of results of Examples 1-4 Weighed Weighed portion Ex- portion laughing pmax Δt tpmax ample Solid solid [g] gas [g] [Mpa] [ms] [Mpa] 1 — — 11 42 11.2 15.4 2 Poly- 1.1 11 62 2.2 7.1 styrene 3 Nitroguani- 1.1 11 69 1.1 4.4 dine 4 Starch 1.1 11 64 4.2 11.5 (flour) - In Examples 5-9 the influence of various make-ups and geometries of the solid on the burn-off characteristics in the pressure vessel is shown. Two solids are used, first of all starch in various modifications, here characterised by the particle diameter, and secondly nitroguanidine as a loose powder with a grain size of approx. 50 μm and as tablet with a diameter of 7 mm and a depth of approx. 2.3 mm. A summary of results is given in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Summary of results of Examples 5-9 pmax tpmax Example Solid Geometry [Mpa] Δt [ms] [Mpa] 5 Starch Sphere D: 63.7 4.2 11.6 1-2 μm 6 Starch Sphere D: 66.4 7.01 21.9 approx. 250 μm 7 Starch Sphere D: 61.7 9.4 29.9 approx. 1 mm 8 Nitroguani- Powder 68.6 1.1 4.4 dine grain size approx. 50 μm 9 Nitroguani- Tablet D 60.1 10.7 38.5 dine 7 mm, D 2.3 mm - Very good estimates of gas composition and combustion temperatures are obtained by means of thermodynamic calculations. In Examples 10-12 a thermodynamic calculation is carried out with the ICT code for polystyrene, nitroguanidine and starch. It is based in each case on a solid-laughing gas mixture of 9 to 91 wt %. A summary of the results is given in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Summary of results of Examples 10-12 Combustion temperature N2 CO2 H2O O2 CO NOx Example [K] [vol. %] [vol. %] [vol. %] [vol. %] [vol. %] [vol. %] 10 4075 63.1 21.2 10.4 5.2 <0.001 0.06 11 2710 64.9 2.4 5.0 27.5 <0.001 0.14 12 3181 61.2 9.8 8.2 20.6 <0.001 0.11
Claims (16)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/807,289 US20040231770A1 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2004-03-24 | Gas-generating substances |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19907241.8 | 1999-02-19 | ||
DE19907241A DE19907241A1 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 1999-02-19 | Gas-generating composition useful in automobile airbags and seat belt tensioners comprises a mixture of nitrous oxide and/or nitric oxide and one or more solid fuels |
US91353301A | 2001-12-10 | 2001-12-10 | |
US10/807,289 US20040231770A1 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2004-03-24 | Gas-generating substances |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2000/000274 Continuation WO2000048967A1 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2000-01-15 | Gas-generating substances |
US09913533 Continuation | 2001-12-10 |
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US20040231770A1 true US20040231770A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
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ID=33454070
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US10/807,289 Abandoned US20040231770A1 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2004-03-24 | Gas-generating substances |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040244889A1 (en) * | 2002-12-10 | 2004-12-09 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Porous silicon-based explosive |
US20050034447A1 (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2005-02-17 | Physical Sciences, Inc. | Polyoxymethylene as structural support member and propellant |
US20130004689A1 (en) * | 2009-08-22 | 2013-01-03 | Reckitt Benckiser N.V. | Method of Forming a Blowable Parison |
CN107573202A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2018-01-12 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of high-energy combustion agent and preparation method thereof |
US10005420B2 (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2018-06-26 | Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. | Inflator |
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US3068641A (en) * | 1955-04-18 | 1962-12-18 | Homer M Fox | Hybrid method of rocket propulsion |
US3321342A (en) * | 1965-03-15 | 1967-05-23 | Tigrett | Re-ignitable match |
US3529551A (en) * | 1960-04-21 | 1970-09-22 | Hercules Inc | Rocket propellant |
US5589141A (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-12-31 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Use of mixed gases in hybrid air bag inflators |
US5941562A (en) * | 1996-04-15 | 1999-08-24 | Autoliv Asp | Adaptive output inflator having a selectable oxidant composition |
US5962808A (en) * | 1997-03-05 | 1999-10-05 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Gas generant complex oxidizers |
US5979936A (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 1999-11-09 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Airbag inflator |
US6149191A (en) * | 1998-11-16 | 2000-11-21 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Carborane-containing airbag inflator |
US6233908B1 (en) * | 1998-12-24 | 2001-05-22 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Method of introducing a leak trace material into an airbag inflator |
US6367244B1 (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 2002-04-09 | Hy Pat Corporation | Propulsion system containing a mixed-phase propellant and a method for propelling an object with the same |
-
2004
- 2004-03-24 US US10/807,289 patent/US20040231770A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (10)
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US3068641A (en) * | 1955-04-18 | 1962-12-18 | Homer M Fox | Hybrid method of rocket propulsion |
US3529551A (en) * | 1960-04-21 | 1970-09-22 | Hercules Inc | Rocket propellant |
US3321342A (en) * | 1965-03-15 | 1967-05-23 | Tigrett | Re-ignitable match |
US5589141A (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-12-31 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Use of mixed gases in hybrid air bag inflators |
US5941562A (en) * | 1996-04-15 | 1999-08-24 | Autoliv Asp | Adaptive output inflator having a selectable oxidant composition |
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US6367244B1 (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 2002-04-09 | Hy Pat Corporation | Propulsion system containing a mixed-phase propellant and a method for propelling an object with the same |
US5979936A (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 1999-11-09 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Airbag inflator |
US6149191A (en) * | 1998-11-16 | 2000-11-21 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Carborane-containing airbag inflator |
US6233908B1 (en) * | 1998-12-24 | 2001-05-22 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Method of introducing a leak trace material into an airbag inflator |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050034447A1 (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2005-02-17 | Physical Sciences, Inc. | Polyoxymethylene as structural support member and propellant |
US6904749B2 (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2005-06-14 | Physical Sciences, Inc. | Polyoxymethylene as structural support member and propellant |
US20090313967A1 (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2009-12-24 | Physical Sciences, Inc. | Polyoxymethylene as structural support member and propellant |
US20090320974A1 (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2009-12-31 | Physical Sciences, Inc. | Polyoxymethylene as structural support member and propellant |
US7647763B2 (en) | 2002-10-18 | 2010-01-19 | Physical Sciences, Inc. | Polyoxymethylene as structural support member and propellant |
US20100180443A1 (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2010-07-22 | Physical Sciences, Inc. | Method For Fabricating Structural Propellants |
US8033021B2 (en) | 2002-10-18 | 2011-10-11 | Physical Sciences, Inc. | Method for fabricating structural propellants |
US20040244889A1 (en) * | 2002-12-10 | 2004-12-09 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Porous silicon-based explosive |
US20130004689A1 (en) * | 2009-08-22 | 2013-01-03 | Reckitt Benckiser N.V. | Method of Forming a Blowable Parison |
US10005420B2 (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2018-06-26 | Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. | Inflator |
CN107573202A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2018-01-12 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of high-energy combustion agent and preparation method thereof |
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