US20040214862A1 - Aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivatives - Google Patents
Aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivatives Download PDFInfo
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- US20040214862A1 US20040214862A1 US10/847,166 US84716604A US2004214862A1 US 20040214862 A1 US20040214862 A1 US 20040214862A1 US 84716604 A US84716604 A US 84716604A US 2004214862 A1 US2004214862 A1 US 2004214862A1
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- hydroxy
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- terephthalamide
- thiophene
- dicarboxylic acid
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- 0 *.CC(=O)NO.[1*]N([2*])C(C)=O Chemical compound *.CC(=O)NO.[1*]N([2*])C(C)=O 0.000 description 12
- VCMSAUCMPRARET-UHFFFAOYSA-N NO[Y] Chemical compound NO[Y] VCMSAUCMPRARET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/36—Radicals substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms
- C07D213/40—Acylated substituent nitrogen atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C259/00—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, an oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom being further bound to an oxygen atom and not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C259/04—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, an oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom being further bound to an oxygen atom and not being part of nitro or nitroso groups without replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- C07C259/10—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, an oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom being further bound to an oxygen atom and not being part of nitro or nitroso groups without replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group, e.g. hydroxamic acids having carbon atoms of hydroxamic groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by hetero atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/09—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms, not forming part of a nitro radical
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with radicals containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with radicals containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms attached to ring carbon atoms with acylated ring nitrogen atom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D307/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D307/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/14—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
- C07D317/44—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D317/46—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with one six-membered ring
- C07D317/48—Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring
- C07D317/50—Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to atoms of the carbocyclic ring
- C07D317/58—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D333/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D333/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom
- C07D333/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D333/38—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/02—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a three-membered ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
- C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2602/00—Systems containing two condensed rings
- C07C2602/02—Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having only two atoms in common
- C07C2602/04—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C2602/08—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring the other ring being five-membered, e.g. indane
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2602/00—Systems containing two condensed rings
- C07C2602/02—Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having only two atoms in common
- C07C2602/04—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C2602/10—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring the other ring being six-membered, e.g. tetraline
Definitions
- the invention relates to aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivatives, or pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof, which possess anti-cell-proliferation activity such as anti-tumor activity and are accordingly useful in methods of treatment of humans and other animals.
- the invention also relates to processes for the manufacture of said dicarboxylic acid derivatives, to pharmaceutical compositions containing the derivatives and to their use in the treatment of cell-proliferation disorders.
- Transcriptional regulation is a major event in cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Transcriptional activation of a set of genes determines cell destination and for this reason transcription is tightly regulated by a variety of factors.
- One of its regulatory mechanisms involved in the process is an alteration in the tertiary structure of DNA, which affects transcription by modulating the accessibility of transcription factors to their target DNA segments.
- Nucleosomal integrity is regulated by the acetylation status of the core histones. In a hypoacetylated state, nucleosomes are tightly compacted and thus are nonpermissive for transcription. On the other hand, nucleosomes are relaxed by acetylation of the core histones, with the result being permissiveness to transcription.
- HAT histone acetyl transferase
- HDAC histone deacetylase
- HDAC inhibitors [0004] Several structural classes of HDAC inhibitors have been identified and are reviewed in Marks, P. M., et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 92 (2000) 1210-1216. More specifically, WO 98/55449 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,369,108 report alkanoyl hydroxamates with HDAC inhibitory activity.
- the invention is directed to an aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivative of the formula I
- [0007] denotes a phenyl ring which may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, an (1-4C)alkyl-, trifluoromethyl-, hydroxy-, (1-4C)alkoxy-, nitro-, amino-, (1-4C)alkylamino-, di[(1-4C)alkyl]-amino-, (1-4C)alkanoylamino, a (1-3C)alkylenedioxy-group or an acyl group, or alternatively,
- [0008] denotes a thiophene ring which may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, an (1-4C)alkyl-, trifluoromethyl-, hydroxy-, (1-4C)alkoxy-, nitro-, amino-, (1-4C)alkylamino-, di[(1-4C)alkyl]-amino- or a (1-4C)alkanoylamino, a (1-3C)alkylenedioxy-group or an acyl group,
- R1 and R2 are each independently selected from
- [0013] may be unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or several substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen-, hydroxy-, nitro-, amino-, carbocyclic- or a heterocyclic group,
- R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 3-6 membered ring that may contain additional heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, said ring optionally being annulated to a carbocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring, said —NR1R 2 ring being unsubstituted or optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, an (1-4C)alkyl-, trifluoro-methyl-, hydroxy-, (1-4C)alkoxy-, aryl-, hetaryl-, arylalkyl, arylalkyloxy-, aryloxy, (1-3C)alkylenedioxy-, nitro-, amino-, (1-4C)alkylamino-, di[(1-4C)alkyl]amino-, (1-4C)alkanoylamino- or an acyl-group.
- An alkyl group may be e.g. pentyl, hexyl or 3-methyl-butyl.
- a substituted alkyl group may be e.g. benzyl, phenethyl, tetrahydro-furan-2-yl-methyl or 2-cyclohex-1-enyl-ethyl.
- An alkyl group where one or several non adjacent atom groups may be replaced by oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms may be e.g. 3-isopropoxy-propyl or 2-methylsulfanyl-ethyl.
- An alkyl group wherein 2 atoms may be bound together by a double or triple bond may be e.g. 1-hexinyl or 2-heptenyl.
- Annulated as used herein means the fusion of a new ring to a molecule via two new bonds.
- a carbocyclic group is a non-aromatic ring system having 3-7 carbon ring atoms, for example cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cyclohexene or cyclopropane, said ring system being unsubstituted or optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, (1-4C)alkyl-, trifluoro-methyl-, hydroxy-, (1-4C)alkoxy-, aryl-, hetaryl-, arylalkyl, arylalkyloxy-, aryloxy, (1-3C)alkylenedioxy-, nitro-, amino-, (1-4C)alkylamino-, di[(1-4C)alkyl]amino-, (1-4C)alkanoylamino- or an acyl-group.
- substituents independently selected from halogen, (1-4C)alkyl-, trifluoro-methyl-, hydroxy-, (1-4C
- Said ring atoms optionally may be annulated to an aryl or hetaryl group, to form e.g. an indane or a tetraline.
- a carbocyclic group as herein defined may be an aryl group.
- An aryl group is a carbocyclic conjugated ring system, for example phenyl, naphthyl, preferably phenyl, which may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, an (1-4C)alkyl-, trifluoromethyl-, hydroxy-, (1-4C)alkoxy-, arylalkyloxy-, aryloxy, (1-3C)alkylenedioxy-, nitro-, amino-, (1-4C)alkylamino-, di[(1-4C)alkyl]amino-, (1-4C)alkanoylamino-, carboxyl-, carboxyalkyl- or an acyl-group.
- substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, an (1-4C)alkyl-, trifluoromethyl-, hydroxy-, (1-4C)alkoxy-, arylalkyloxy-, aryloxy, (1-3C)
- a heterocyclic group is a non-aromatic ring system having 3-7 ring atoms, said ring atoms comprising carbon atoms and one or two hetero atoms independently chosen from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
- heterocyclic groups include piperidino, morpholino, pyrrolidino and piperazino.
- Said ring system may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, (1-4C)alkyl-, trifluoro-methyl-, hydroxy-, (1-4C)alkoxy-, aryl-, hetaryl-, arylalkyl, arylalkyloxy-, aryloxy, (1-3C)alkylenedioxy-, nitro-, amino-, (1-4C)alkylamino-, di[(1-4C)alkyl]amino-, (1-4C)alkanoylamino, or an acyl-group.
- substituents independently selected from halogen, (1-4C)alkyl-, trifluoro-methyl-, hydroxy-, (1-4C)alkoxy-, aryl-, hetaryl-, arylalkyl, arylalkyloxy-, aryloxy, (1-3C)alkylenedioxy-, nitro-, amino-, (
- said ring atoms optionally may be annulated to an aryl or hetaryl group, to form e.g. a tetrahydrochinoline, tetrahydroisochinoline or a dihydroindole.
- a heterocyclic group as defined herein also may be a hetaryl group.
- a hetaryl group is either a 5 or 6 membered cyclic conjugated ring system with one or two hetero atoms independently chosen from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, for example pyridinyl, thiophenyl, furyl or pyrrolyl, or an annulated bicydic conjugated ring system like indolyl-, quinolyl- or isoquinolyl-, which may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, an (1-4C)alkyl-, trifluoro-methyl-, hydroxy-, (1-4C)alkoxy-, arylalkyloxy-, aryloxy, (1-3C)alkylenedioxy-, nitro-, amino-, (1-4C)alkylamino-, di[(1-4C)alkyl]amino-, (1-4C)alkanoylamino, or an acyl group.
- R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom form a 3-6 membered ring which may contain additional heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, it may be e.g. piperidine, piperazine or morpholine.
- a suitable value for a substituent when it is a halogen atom is, for example, fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo; when it is (1-4C)alkyl is, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl; when it is (1-4C)alkoxy is, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy or butoxy; when it is (1-4C)alkylamino is, for example, methylamino, ethylamino or propylamino; when it is di-[(1-4C)alkyl]amino is, for example, dimethylamino, N-ethyl-N-methylamino, diethylamino, N-methyl-N-propylamino or dipropylamino; when it is (1-4C)alkanoylamino is, for example, formy
- R1 is hydrogen and R2 has one of the above values.
- R2 is a (1-14C)alkyl group.
- R2 is an arylalkyl-radical, for example the benzyl-radical or substituted benzyl-radicals.
- the invention is also directed to a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivative of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, as defined above, in association with a pharmaceutically-acceptable diluent or carrier.
- the pharmaceutical composition may be in a form suitable for oral administration, for example as a tablet or capsule, for parenteral injection (including intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravascular or infusion) as a sterile solution, suspension or emulsion, for topical administration as an ointment or cream or for rectal administration as a suppository.
- parenteral injection including intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravascular or infusion
- a sterile solution, suspension or emulsion for topical administration as an ointment or cream or for rectal administration as a suppository.
- the above compositions may be prepared in a manner using conventional excipients.
- the aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivative will normally be administered to a warm-blooded animal at a unit dose within the range 5-5000 mg per square meter body area of the animal, i.e. approximately 0.1-100 mg/kg, and this normally provides a therapeutically-effective dose.
- a unit dose form such as a tablet or capsule will usually contain, for example 1-250 mg of active ingredient.
- Preferably a daily dose in the range of 1-100 mg/kg is employed.
- the daily dose will necessarily be varied depending upon the host treated, the particular route of administration, and the severity of the illness being treated. Accordingly the optimum dosage may be determined by the practitioner who is treating any particular patient.
- an aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivative of the formula I as defined hereinbefore for use in a method of treatment of the human or animal body by therapy. It has now been found that the compounds of the present invention possess anti-cell-proliferation properties due to inhibition of histone deacetylase. Accordingly the compounds of the present invention provide a method for treating the proliferation of malignant cells. These compounds are useful in the treatment of cancer by providing an anti-proliferative effect, particularly in the treatment of cancers of the breast, lung, colon, rectum, stomach, prostate, bladder, pancreas and ovary.
- a derivative of the present invention will possess activity against a range of leukemias, lymphoid malignancies and solid tumors such as carcinomas and sarcomas in tissues such as the liver, kidney, prostate and pancreas.
- the anti-cell-proliferation treatment defined hereinbefore may be applied as a sole therapy or may involve, in addition to the aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivative of the invention, one or more other anti-tumor substances, for example those selected from, for example, mitotic inhibitors, for example vinblastine; alkylating agents, for example cis-platin, carboplatin and cydophosphamide; inhibitors of microtubule assembly, like paclitaxel or other taxanes; antimetabolites, for example 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, cytosine arabinoside and hydroxyurea, or, for example, intercalating antibiotics, for example adriamycin and bleomycin; immunostimulants, for example trastuzumab; DNA synthesis inhibitors, e.g.
- gemcitabine enzymes, for example asparaginase; topoisomerase inhibitors, for example etoposide; biological response modifiers, for example interferon; and anti-hormones, for example antioestrogens such as tamoxifen or, for example antiandrogens such as (4′-cyano-3-(4-fluorophenylsulphonyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3′-(trifluoromethyl)-propionanilide, or other therapeutic agents and principles as described in, for example, Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, Vincent T. DeVita, Jr., Samuel Hellmann, Steven A. Rosenberg; 5th Ed., Lippincott-Raven Publishers 1997.
- enzymes for example asparaginase
- topoisomerase inhibitors for example etoposide
- biological response modifiers for example interferon
- anti-hormones for example antioestrogens such as tamoxifen or, for example antiandrogens such as
- Such conjoint treatment may be achieved by way of the simultaneous, sequential or separate dosing of individual components of the treatment.
- a pharmaceutical product comprising an aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivative of the formula I as defined hereinbefore and an additional anti-tumor substance as defined hereinbefore for the conjoint treatment of cancer.
- Another object of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition containing a therapeutically effective amount of one or more compounds of the invention in admixture with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and/or diluents.
- physiologically acceptable salts of compounds of formula I are salts with physiologically acceptable bases. These salts can be, among others, alkali, earth alkali, ammonium and alkylammonium salts, for example sodium, potassium, calcium, tetra-methyl-ammonium salts.
- the compounds of formula I may exist in a racemic mixture.
- the separation of racemic compounds into their enantiomers can be performed by chromatography on an analytical, semipreparative or preparative scale using suitable optically active stationary phases with suitable eluents.
- suitable optically active stationary phases include, but are not limited to, silica (e.g. ChiraSper, Merck; Chiralpak OT/OP, Baker), cellulose esters or carbamates (e.g. Chiracel OB/OY, Baker) or others (e.g. Crownpak, Daicel or Chiracel OJ-R, Baker).
- An aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivative of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof may be prepared by any process known to be applicable to the preparation of chemically-related compounds. Such processes, when used to prepare an aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivative of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, are provided as a further feature of the invention and are illustrated by the following representative examples in which, unless otherwise stated, A, R1 and R2 have any of the meanings defined above. Necessary starting materials may be obtained by standard procedures of organic chemistry. The preparation of such starting materials is described within the accompanying non-limiting examples. Alternatively necessary starting materials are obtainable by analogous procedures to those illustrated which are within the ordinary skill of an organic chemist.
- R1 and R2 have the meaning defined above and R3 is a (1-4C)alkyl group, preferably a methyl or ethyl group, with hydroxylamine in the presence of a suitable base.
- the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent or diluent such as methanol or ethanol at temperatures between 0° C. and 100° C., conveniently at or near ambient temperature, and at a pH between 10 and 12.
- a suitable base is, for example, an alcoholate, for example, sodium methylate.
- This reaction typically involves a two-step one-pot procedure.
- the carboxylate of the formula III becomes activated.
- This reaction is carried out in an inert solvent or diluent, for example, in dichloromethane, dioxane, or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of an activating agent.
- a suitable reactive derivative of an acid is, for example, an acyl halide, for example an acyl chloride formed by the reaction of the acid and an inorganic acid chloride, for example thionyl chloride; a mixed anhydride, for example an anhydride formed by the reaction of the acid and a chloroformate such as isobutyl chloroformate; an active ester, for example an ester formed by the reaction of the acid and a phenol such as pentafluorophenol; an active ester formed by the reaction of the acid and N-hydroxybenzotriazole; an acyl azide, for example an azide formed by the reaction of the acid and an azide such as diphenylphosphoryl azide; an acyl cyanide, for example a cyanide formed by the reaction of an acid and a cyanide such as diethylphosphoryl cyanide; or the product of the reaction of the acid and a carbodiimide such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, or the
- the reaction is carried out between ⁇ 30° C. and 60° C., conveniently at or below 0° C.
- an amine of the formula HNR1R2 in which R1 and R2 have the meaning defined hereinbefore is added to the solution, at the temperature used for the activation, and the temperature is slowly adjusted to ambient temperature.
- An appropriate scavenger base like e.g. triethylamine, or diisopropyethlyamine may be added to the reaction mixture.
- Suitable protecting groups may be the benzyl-, p-methoxybenzyl-, tert.butyloxy-carbonyl-, trityl-, or silyl groups such as the trimethylsilyl- or dimethyl-tert.butylsilyl-group.
- the reactions carried out depend on the type of the protecting group.
- the protecting group is a benzyl- or p-methoxybenzyl group
- the reaction carried out is a hydrogenolysis in an inert solvent such as an alcohol like methanol or ethanol, in the presence of a noble metal catalyst such as palladium on a suitable carrier such as carbon, barium sulfate, or barium carbonate, at ambient temperature and pressure.
- the reaction is carried out in the presence of acids at a temperature between ⁇ 20° C. and 60° C., preferably between 0° C. and ambient temperature.
- the acid may be a solution of hydrochloric acid in an inert solvent such as diethyl ether or dioxane, or trifluoro acetic acid in dichloromethane.
- the reaction can also be carried out in the presence of a fluoride source such as sodium fluoride or tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.
- a fluoride source such as sodium fluoride or tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.
- all protecting groups Y are compatible with all groups R1 or R2. In cases where the features of these groups do not allow the usage of a certain protecting group, other protecting groups Y or other methods of preparation need to be applied.
- Y is a suitable protecting group as described above.
- This reaction typically involves a two-step one-pot procedure. In the first step, the carboxylate of the formula V becomes activated. This reaction is carried out in an inert solvent or diluent, for example, in dichloromethane, dioxane, or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of an activating agent.
- a suitable reactive derivative of an acid is, for example, an acyl halide, for example an acyl chloride formed by the reaction of the acid and an inorganic acid chloride, for example thionyl chloride; a mixed anhydride, for example an anhydride formed by the reaction of the acid and a chloroformate such as isobutyl chloroformate; an active ester, for example an ester formed by the reaction of the acid and a phenol such as pentafluorophenol; an active ester formed by the reaction of the acid and N-hydroxybenzotriazole; an acyl azide, for example an azide formed by the reaction of the acid and an azide such as diphenylphosphoryl azide; an acyl cyanide, for example a cyanide formed by the reaction of an acid and a cyanide such as diethylphosphoryl cyanide; or the product of the reaction of the acid and a carbodiimide such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, or the
- reaction is carried out between ⁇ 30° C. and 60° C., conveniently at or below 0° C.
- compound VI is added to the solution, at the temperature used for the activation, and the temperature is slowly adjusted to ambient temperature.
- Compounds of the formula V are prepared from compounds of the formula II by hydrolysis.
- the conditions under which the hydrolysis is carried out depend on the nature of the group R3.
- R3 is a methyl or ethyl group
- the reaction is carried out in the presence of a base, for example, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, or potassium hydroxide in an inert solvent or diluent, for example, in methanol or ethanol.
- R3 is the tert.butyl group
- the reaction is carried out in the presence of an acid, for example, a solution of hydrochloric acid in an inert solvent such as diethyl ether or dioxane, or trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane.
- R3 is the benzyl group
- the reaction is carried out by hydrogenolysis in the presence of a noble metal catalyst such as palladium or platinum on a suitable carrier, such as carbon.
- a noble metal catalyst such as palladium or platinum
- a suitable carrier such as carbon.
- a suitable reactive derivative of an acid is, for example, an acyl halide, for example an acyl chloride formed by the reaction of the acid and an inorganic acid chloride, for example thionyl chloride; a mixed anhydride, for example an anhydride formed by the reaction of the acid and a chloroformate such as isobutyl chloroformate; an active ester, for example an ester formed by the reaction of the acid and a phenol such as pentafluorophenol; an active ester formed by the reaction of the acid and N-hydroxybenzotriazole; an acyl azide, for example an azide formed by the reaction of the acid and an azide such as diphenylphosphoryl azide; an acyl cyanide, for example a cyanide formed by the reaction of an acid and a cyanide such as diethylphosphoryl cyanide; or the product of the reaction of the acid and a carbodiimide such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, or the
- the reaction is carried out between ⁇ 30° C. and 60° C., conveniently at or below 0° C.
- hydroxylamine is added to the solution, at the temperature used for the activation, and the temperature is slowly adjusted to ambient temperature.
- Compounds of formula I can also be prepared with methods of solid phase supported synthesis.
- Terephthalic acid or 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid is reacted with a hydroxylamine moiety (—O—NH 2 ) bound to a resin, e.g. a Wang resin (Wang-O—NH 2 resin was supplied by EMC microcollections, Tübingen) to form a resin-bound hydroxamic acid.
- the second carbonic acid moiety is reacted with an amine by standard methods of amide formation as described in e.g. “Methoden der organischen Chemie (Houben-Weyl)” Vol. XV/1 and XV/2.
- the hydroxamic acid is liberated from the solid support. This can be done for example with TFA.
- the crude product can be purified by LC-MS, if necessary.
- melting points were determined using a Mettler SP62 automatic melting point apparatus, an oil-bath apparatus or a Kofler hot plate apparatus.
- 2a is prepared from thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester in an analogous manner to that described for the preparation of 1a example 1.
- the last step yields 40% of thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-(4-trifluoromethyl-benzylamide) (2a), mp. 172-174° C.
- the resin is washed with DMF (2 times), followed by CH 2 Cl 2 (2 times), followed by diethylether (2 times).
- the resin is then shaken with 5 eq of naphtalenemethylamine, 10 eq of diisopropylethylamine and 1 eq of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. It is then shaken with 5 eq pentafluorophenyl trifluoroacetate and 10 eq pyridine.
- the resin is washed with DMF (2 times), followed by CH 2 Cl 2 (2 times).
- the resin is shaken with 50% TFA in dry CH 2 Cl 2 with 5% triisopropylsilane added at rt for 1 h.
- 5a is prepared from thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester in an analogous manner to that described for the preparation of 4a example 4.
- 6a is prepared from thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester in an analogous manner to that described for the preparation of 4a example 4, mp 171-173° C.
- [0088] 8a is prepared from 2-carboxy-thiophen-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester in an analogous manner to that described for the preparation of 7a example 7; 163 mg, 34%, mp: 90° C. (decomp.).
- 9a is prepared from 2-carboxy-thiophen-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester in an analogous manner to that described for the preparation of 7a example 7; 56 mg, 10%, mp: 174-177° C.
- 10a is prepared from 2-carboxy-thiophen-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester in an analogous manner to that described for the preparation of 7a example 7; 16 mg, 3%, mp: 182° C. (decomp.).
- 11a is prepared from 2-carboxy-thiophen-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester in an analogous manner to that described for the preparation of 7a example 7; 92 mg, 20%, mp: 150° C. (decomp.).
- the aqueous phase is acidified with 2N HCl and the precipitate formed is collected by filtration, yielding 2.8 g (88%) 5-benzyloxycarbamoyl-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid (12c) as a solid.
- MTT tetrazolium dye proliferation assay
- HT-29 cells human colon carcinoma cell line
- RPMI 1640 2.5% FCS
- 2 mM Glutamine 100 u/ml Penicillin
- 100 ug/ml Streptomycin 100 ug/ml Streptomycin.
- the cells were seeded in 384 well plates, 900 cells per well, in the same medium
- compounds dissolved 10 mM in DMSO
- the MTT assay was done mainly according to the instructions of the manufacturer (Cell proliferation kit I, MTT, fom Roche Molecular Biochemicals).
- MTT labeling reagent was added to a final concentration of 0.5 mg/ml, added and incubated for 4 hrs at 37 C, 5% CO 2 . During this incubation time purple formazan crystals are formed. After addition of the solubilization solution (20% SDS in 0.02 M HCl) the plates were incubated overnight at 37 C, 5% CO 2 . After careful mixing plates were measured in Victor 2 (scanning multiwell spectrophotometer, Wallac) at 550 nm.
- Tablet formulation Item Ingredients mg/Tablet 1 Compound 2a 25 100 2 Anhydrous Lactose 73 35 3 Croscarmellose 6 8 Sodium 4 Povidone K30 5 6 5 Magnesium Stearate 1 1 Total Weight 110 150
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Abstract
Description
- This application is a Division of Ser. No. 10/167,677, filed Jun. 11, 2002, which is now pending.
- The invention relates to aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivatives, or pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof, which possess anti-cell-proliferation activity such as anti-tumor activity and are accordingly useful in methods of treatment of humans and other animals. The invention also relates to processes for the manufacture of said dicarboxylic acid derivatives, to pharmaceutical compositions containing the derivatives and to their use in the treatment of cell-proliferation disorders.
- Transcriptional regulation is a major event in cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Transcriptional activation of a set of genes determines cell destination and for this reason transcription is tightly regulated by a variety of factors. One of its regulatory mechanisms involved in the process is an alteration in the tertiary structure of DNA, which affects transcription by modulating the accessibility of transcription factors to their target DNA segments. Nucleosomal integrity is regulated by the acetylation status of the core histones. In a hypoacetylated state, nucleosomes are tightly compacted and thus are nonpermissive for transcription. On the other hand, nucleosomes are relaxed by acetylation of the core histones, with the result being permissiveness to transcription. The acetylation status of the histones is governed by the balance of the activities of histone acetyl transferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC). Recently, HDAC inhibitors have been found to arrest growth and apoptosis in several types of cancer cells, including colon cancer, T-cell lymphoma, and erythroleukemic cells. Given that apoptosis is a crucial factor for cancer progression, HDAC inhibitors are promising reagents for cancer therapy as effective inducers of apoptosis (Koyama, Y., et al., Blood 96 (2000) 1490-1495). !
- Several structural classes of HDAC inhibitors have been identified and are reviewed in Marks, P. M., et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 92 (2000) 1210-1216. More specifically, WO 98/55449 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,369,108 report alkanoyl hydroxamates with HDAC inhibitory activity.
- It has now been found that certain aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivatives are more potent inhibitors of cell-proliferation than the compounds reported in the aforementioned references. Furthermore, these compounds have HDAC inhibitiory activity.
-
- denotes a phenyl ring which may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, an (1-4C)alkyl-, trifluoromethyl-, hydroxy-, (1-4C)alkoxy-, nitro-, amino-, (1-4C)alkylamino-, di[(1-4C)alkyl]-amino-, (1-4C)alkanoylamino, a (1-3C)alkylenedioxy-group or an acyl group, or alternatively,
- denotes a thiophene ring which may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, an (1-4C)alkyl-, trifluoromethyl-, hydroxy-, (1-4C)alkoxy-, nitro-, amino-, (1-4C)alkylamino-, di[(1-4C)alkyl]-amino- or a (1-4C)alkanoylamino, a (1-3C)alkylenedioxy-group or an acyl group,
- and
- R1 and R2 are each independently selected from
- a hydrogen atom;
- a branched or unbranched (1-14C)alkyl group, which
- may be unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or several substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen-, hydroxy-, nitro-, amino-, carbocyclic- or a heterocyclic group,
- and wherein at a chain length of larger than 2 C-atoms one or several non adjacent C-atoms may be replaced by a corresponding number of heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur,
- and wherein 2 C-atoms may be bound together by a double or triple bond;
- a carbocyclic group;
- or a heterocyclic group;
- or alternatively, R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 3-6 membered ring that may contain additional heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, said ring optionally being annulated to a carbocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring, said —NR1R2 ring being unsubstituted or optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, an (1-4C)alkyl-, trifluoro-methyl-, hydroxy-, (1-4C)alkoxy-, aryl-, hetaryl-, arylalkyl, arylalkyloxy-, aryloxy, (1-3C)alkylenedioxy-, nitro-, amino-, (1-4C)alkylamino-, di[(1-4C)alkyl]amino-, (1-4C)alkanoylamino- or an acyl-group.
- An alkyl group may be e.g. pentyl, hexyl or 3-methyl-butyl.
- A substituted alkyl group may be e.g. benzyl, phenethyl, tetrahydro-furan-2-yl-methyl or 2-cyclohex-1-enyl-ethyl.
- An alkyl group where one or several non adjacent atom groups may be replaced by oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms may be e.g. 3-isopropoxy-propyl or 2-methylsulfanyl-ethyl.
- An alkyl group wherein 2 atoms may be bound together by a double or triple bond may be e.g. 1-hexinyl or 2-heptenyl.
- “Annulated” as used herein means the fusion of a new ring to a molecule via two new bonds.
- A carbocyclic group is a non-aromatic ring system having 3-7 carbon ring atoms, for example cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cyclohexene or cyclopropane, said ring system being unsubstituted or optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, (1-4C)alkyl-, trifluoro-methyl-, hydroxy-, (1-4C)alkoxy-, aryl-, hetaryl-, arylalkyl, arylalkyloxy-, aryloxy, (1-3C)alkylenedioxy-, nitro-, amino-, (1-4C)alkylamino-, di[(1-4C)alkyl]amino-, (1-4C)alkanoylamino- or an acyl-group. Said ring atoms optionally may be annulated to an aryl or hetaryl group, to form e.g. an indane or a tetraline. A carbocyclic group as herein defined may be an aryl group.
- An aryl group is a carbocyclic conjugated ring system, for example phenyl, naphthyl, preferably phenyl, which may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, an (1-4C)alkyl-, trifluoromethyl-, hydroxy-, (1-4C)alkoxy-, arylalkyloxy-, aryloxy, (1-3C)alkylenedioxy-, nitro-, amino-, (1-4C)alkylamino-, di[(1-4C)alkyl]amino-, (1-4C)alkanoylamino-, carboxyl-, carboxyalkyl- or an acyl-group.
- A heterocyclic group is a non-aromatic ring system having 3-7 ring atoms, said ring atoms comprising carbon atoms and one or two hetero atoms independently chosen from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Examples of heterocyclic groups include piperidino, morpholino, pyrrolidino and piperazino. Said ring system may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, (1-4C)alkyl-, trifluoro-methyl-, hydroxy-, (1-4C)alkoxy-, aryl-, hetaryl-, arylalkyl, arylalkyloxy-, aryloxy, (1-3C)alkylenedioxy-, nitro-, amino-, (1-4C)alkylamino-, di[(1-4C)alkyl]amino-, (1-4C)alkanoylamino, or an acyl-group. Moreover, said ring atoms optionally may be annulated to an aryl or hetaryl group, to form e.g. a tetrahydrochinoline, tetrahydroisochinoline or a dihydroindole. A heterocyclic group as defined herein also may be a hetaryl group.
- A hetaryl group is either a 5 or 6 membered cyclic conjugated ring system with one or two hetero atoms independently chosen from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, for example pyridinyl, thiophenyl, furyl or pyrrolyl, or an annulated bicydic conjugated ring system like indolyl-, quinolyl- or isoquinolyl-, which may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, an (1-4C)alkyl-, trifluoro-methyl-, hydroxy-, (1-4C)alkoxy-, arylalkyloxy-, aryloxy, (1-3C)alkylenedioxy-, nitro-, amino-, (1-4C)alkylamino-, di[(1-4C)alkyl]amino-, (1-4C)alkanoylamino, or an acyl group.
- When R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom form a 3-6 membered ring which may contain additional heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, it may be e.g. piperidine, piperazine or morpholine.
- A suitable value for a substituent when it is a halogen atom is, for example, fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo; when it is (1-4C)alkyl is, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl; when it is (1-4C)alkoxy is, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy or butoxy; when it is (1-4C)alkylamino is, for example, methylamino, ethylamino or propylamino; when it is di-[(1-4C)alkyl]amino is, for example, dimethylamino, N-ethyl-N-methylamino, diethylamino, N-methyl-N-propylamino or dipropylamino; when it is (1-4C)alkanoylamino is, for example, formylamido, acetamido, propionamido or butyramido; when it is (1-3C)alkylenedioxy is, for example, methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy or propylenedioxy; and when it is acyl is, for example, formyl, acetyl, propionyl, benzoyl, or phenylacetyl.
- In a preferred embodiment, R1 is hydrogen and R2 has one of the above values. In a more preferred embodiment, R2 is a (1-14C)alkyl group. Most preferrably, R2 is an arylalkyl-radical, for example the benzyl-radical or substituted benzyl-radicals.
- Preferred are compounds wherin A denotes a thiophene ring. Even more preferred are compounds wherein the thiophene ring is unsubstituted. Most preferred are compounds wherin two carboxylic moieties are bonded at positions 2 and 5 of a further unsubstituted thiophene ring. Enantiomers, diastereoisomers, racemates and mixtures thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivatives of the formula I are also part of the invention.
- The invention is also directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivative of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, as defined above, in association with a pharmaceutically-acceptable diluent or carrier. The pharmaceutical composition may be in a form suitable for oral administration, for example as a tablet or capsule, for parenteral injection (including intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravascular or infusion) as a sterile solution, suspension or emulsion, for topical administration as an ointment or cream or for rectal administration as a suppository. In general the above compositions may be prepared in a manner using conventional excipients. The aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivative will normally be administered to a warm-blooded animal at a unit dose within the range 5-5000 mg per square meter body area of the animal, i.e. approximately 0.1-100 mg/kg, and this normally provides a therapeutically-effective dose. A unit dose form such as a tablet or capsule will usually contain, for example 1-250 mg of active ingredient. Preferably a daily dose in the range of 1-100 mg/kg is employed. However the daily dose will necessarily be varied depending upon the host treated, the particular route of administration, and the severity of the illness being treated. Accordingly the optimum dosage may be determined by the practitioner who is treating any particular patient.
- According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided an aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivative of the formula I as defined hereinbefore for use in a method of treatment of the human or animal body by therapy. It has now been found that the compounds of the present invention possess anti-cell-proliferation properties due to inhibition of histone deacetylase. Accordingly the compounds of the present invention provide a method for treating the proliferation of malignant cells. These compounds are useful in the treatment of cancer by providing an anti-proliferative effect, particularly in the treatment of cancers of the breast, lung, colon, rectum, stomach, prostate, bladder, pancreas and ovary. It is in addition expected that a derivative of the present invention will possess activity against a range of leukemias, lymphoid malignancies and solid tumors such as carcinomas and sarcomas in tissues such as the liver, kidney, prostate and pancreas.
- Thus according to this aspect of the invention there is provided the use of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivative of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, as defined herein in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the production of an anti-cell-proliferation effect in a warm-blooded animal such as a human being.
- According to a further feature of this aspect of the invention there is provided a method for producing an anti-cell-proliferation effect in a warm-blooded animal, such as man, in need of such treatment which comprises administering to said animal an effective amount of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivative as defined hereinbefore.
- The anti-cell-proliferation treatment defined hereinbefore may be applied as a sole therapy or may involve, in addition to the aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivative of the invention, one or more other anti-tumor substances, for example those selected from, for example, mitotic inhibitors, for example vinblastine; alkylating agents, for example cis-platin, carboplatin and cydophosphamide; inhibitors of microtubule assembly, like paclitaxel or other taxanes; antimetabolites, for example 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, cytosine arabinoside and hydroxyurea, or, for example, intercalating antibiotics, for example adriamycin and bleomycin; immunostimulants, for example trastuzumab; DNA synthesis inhibitors, e.g. gemcitabine; enzymes, for example asparaginase; topoisomerase inhibitors, for example etoposide; biological response modifiers, for example interferon; and anti-hormones, for example antioestrogens such as tamoxifen or, for example antiandrogens such as (4′-cyano-3-(4-fluorophenylsulphonyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3′-(trifluoromethyl)-propionanilide, or other therapeutic agents and principles as described in, for example, Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, Vincent T. DeVita, Jr., Samuel Hellmann, Steven A. Rosenberg; 5th Ed., Lippincott-Raven Publishers 1997. Such conjoint treatment may be achieved by way of the simultaneous, sequential or separate dosing of individual components of the treatment. According to this aspect of the invention there is provided a pharmaceutical product comprising an aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivative of the formula I as defined hereinbefore and an additional anti-tumor substance as defined hereinbefore for the conjoint treatment of cancer.
- Another object of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition containing a therapeutically effective amount of one or more compounds of the invention in admixture with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and/or diluents.
- Examples for physiologically acceptable salts of compounds of formula I are salts with physiologically acceptable bases. These salts can be, among others, alkali, earth alkali, ammonium and alkylammonium salts, for example sodium, potassium, calcium, tetra-methyl-ammonium salts.
- The compounds of formula I may exist in a racemic mixture. The separation of racemic compounds into their enantiomers can be performed by chromatography on an analytical, semipreparative or preparative scale using suitable optically active stationary phases with suitable eluents. Suitable optically active stationary phases include, but are not limited to, silica (e.g. ChiraSper, Merck; Chiralpak OT/OP, Baker), cellulose esters or carbamates (e.g. Chiracel OB/OY, Baker) or others (e.g. Crownpak, Daicel or Chiracel OJ-R, Baker). Other methods for the separation of enantiomers can also be applied, like the formation of diastereomeric compounds from compounds of the formula I together with other optically active compounds, e.g. camphorsulfonic acid or brucin, and separation of these diastereomeric compounds, followed by the liberation from the optically active agent. Enantiomerically enriched or pure compounds of formula I are also obtainable by the usage of optically active starting materials.
- Preparation of the Compounds of the Invention
- An aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivative of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, may be prepared by any process known to be applicable to the preparation of chemically-related compounds. Such processes, when used to prepare an aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivative of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, are provided as a further feature of the invention and are illustrated by the following representative examples in which, unless otherwise stated, A, R1 and R2 have any of the meanings defined above. Necessary starting materials may be obtained by standard procedures of organic chemistry. The preparation of such starting materials is described within the accompanying non-limiting examples. Alternatively necessary starting materials are obtainable by analogous procedures to those illustrated which are within the ordinary skill of an organic chemist.
-
- wherein A, R1 and R2 have the meaning defined above and R3 is a (1-4C)alkyl group, preferably a methyl or ethyl group, with hydroxylamine in the presence of a suitable base. The reaction is carried out in an inert solvent or diluent such as methanol or ethanol at temperatures between 0° C. and 100° C., conveniently at or near ambient temperature, and at a pH between 10 and 12. A suitable base is, for example, an alcoholate, for example, sodium methylate.
-
- This reaction typically involves a two-step one-pot procedure. In the first step, the carboxylate of the formula III becomes activated. This reaction is carried out in an inert solvent or diluent, for example, in dichloromethane, dioxane, or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of an activating agent. A suitable reactive derivative of an acid is, for example, an acyl halide, for example an acyl chloride formed by the reaction of the acid and an inorganic acid chloride, for example thionyl chloride; a mixed anhydride, for example an anhydride formed by the reaction of the acid and a chloroformate such as isobutyl chloroformate; an active ester, for example an ester formed by the reaction of the acid and a phenol such as pentafluorophenol; an active ester formed by the reaction of the acid and N-hydroxybenzotriazole; an acyl azide, for example an azide formed by the reaction of the acid and an azide such as diphenylphosphoryl azide; an acyl cyanide, for example a cyanide formed by the reaction of an acid and a cyanide such as diethylphosphoryl cyanide; or the product of the reaction of the acid and a carbodiimide such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, or the product of the reaction of the acid and bis-(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)-phosphorylchloride. The reaction is carried out between −30° C. and 60° C., conveniently at or below 0° C. In the second step, an amine of the formula HNR1R2 in which R1 and R2 have the meaning defined hereinbefore is added to the solution, at the temperature used for the activation, and the temperature is slowly adjusted to ambient temperature. An appropriate scavenger base like e.g. triethylamine, or diisopropyethlyamine may be added to the reaction mixture. These methods are well known to those skilled in the art. In principle, all methods for the synthesis of amides as used in peptide chemistry as described in e.g. “Methoden der organischen Chemie (Houben-Weyl)” Vol. XV/1 and XV/2 are also applicable.
- There are quite a few compounds of formula III described in the literature. For example, the prototypic terephthalic monomethylester is described in e.g. Z. Phys. Chem.(Leipzig) 262 (3) (1981) 445-448. It is also commercially available. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester is described in e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 2,680,731. These monoesters are usually prepared by selective saponification of the diester, but other method may be useful as well and are well known to those skilled in the art.
-
- wherein Y is a suitable protecting group and A, R1 and R2 have the meaning defined hereinbefore.
- Compounds of the formula IV are new and included within the scope of the present invention.
- Suitable protecting groups may be the benzyl-, p-methoxybenzyl-, tert.butyloxy-carbonyl-, trityl-, or silyl groups such as the trimethylsilyl- or dimethyl-tert.butylsilyl-group. The reactions carried out depend on the type of the protecting group. When the protecting group is a benzyl- or p-methoxybenzyl group, the reaction carried out is a hydrogenolysis in an inert solvent such as an alcohol like methanol or ethanol, in the presence of a noble metal catalyst such as palladium on a suitable carrier such as carbon, barium sulfate, or barium carbonate, at ambient temperature and pressure. When the protecting group is the tert.butyloxycarbonyl-, trityl-, or a silyl group such as the trimethylsilyl- or dimethyl-tert.butylsilyl-group, the reaction is carried out in the presence of acids at a temperature between −20° C. and 60° C., preferably between 0° C. and ambient temperature. The acid may be a solution of hydrochloric acid in an inert solvent such as diethyl ether or dioxane, or trifluoro acetic acid in dichloromethane. When the protecting group is a silyl group such as the trimethylsilyl or dimethyl-tert.butylsilyl group, the reaction can also be carried out in the presence of a fluoride source such as sodium fluoride or tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane. Not necessarily all protecting groups Y are compatible with all groups R1 or R2. In cases where the features of these groups do not allow the usage of a certain protecting group, other protecting groups Y or other methods of preparation need to be applied.
-
-
- wherein Y is a suitable protecting group as described above. This reaction typically involves a two-step one-pot procedure. In the first step, the carboxylate of the formula V becomes activated. This reaction is carried out in an inert solvent or diluent, for example, in dichloromethane, dioxane, or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of an activating agent. A suitable reactive derivative of an acid is, for example, an acyl halide, for example an acyl chloride formed by the reaction of the acid and an inorganic acid chloride, for example thionyl chloride; a mixed anhydride, for example an anhydride formed by the reaction of the acid and a chloroformate such as isobutyl chloroformate; an active ester, for example an ester formed by the reaction of the acid and a phenol such as pentafluorophenol; an active ester formed by the reaction of the acid and N-hydroxybenzotriazole; an acyl azide, for example an azide formed by the reaction of the acid and an azide such as diphenylphosphoryl azide; an acyl cyanide, for example a cyanide formed by the reaction of an acid and a cyanide such as diethylphosphoryl cyanide; or the product of the reaction of the acid and a carbodiimide such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, or the product of the reaction of the acid and bis-(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)-phosphorylchloride. The reaction is carried out between −30° C. and 60° C., conveniently at or below 0° C. In the second step, compound VI is added to the solution, at the temperature used for the activation, and the temperature is slowly adjusted to ambient temperature. These methods are well known to those skilled in the art. In principle, all methods for the synthesis of amides as used in peptide chemistry as described in e.g. “Methoden der organischen Chemie (Houben-Weyl)” Vol. XV/1 and XV/2 are also applicable.
- Compounds of the formula V are prepared from compounds of the formula II by hydrolysis. The conditions under which the hydrolysis is carried out depend on the nature of the group R3. When R3 is a methyl or ethyl group, the reaction is carried out in the presence of a base, for example, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, or potassium hydroxide in an inert solvent or diluent, for example, in methanol or ethanol. When R3 is the tert.butyl group, the reaction is carried out in the presence of an acid, for example, a solution of hydrochloric acid in an inert solvent such as diethyl ether or dioxane, or trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane. When R3 is the benzyl group, the reaction is carried out by hydrogenolysis in the presence of a noble metal catalyst such as palladium or platinum on a suitable carrier, such as carbon. Not necessarily all methods of hydrolysis are compatible with all groups R1 or R2. In cases where the features of these groups do not allow the usage of a certain method of hydrolysis, other methods of preparation need to be applied.
- (c) Another preferred method for the preparation of compounds of the formula I is the reaction of a compound of the formula V with hydroxylamine. This reaction typically involves a two-step one-pot procedure. In the first step, the carboxylate of the formula V becomes activated. This reaction is carried out in an inert solvent or diluent, for example, in dichloromethane, dioxane, or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of an activating agent. A suitable reactive derivative of an acid is, for example, an acyl halide, for example an acyl chloride formed by the reaction of the acid and an inorganic acid chloride, for example thionyl chloride; a mixed anhydride, for example an anhydride formed by the reaction of the acid and a chloroformate such as isobutyl chloroformate; an active ester, for example an ester formed by the reaction of the acid and a phenol such as pentafluorophenol; an active ester formed by the reaction of the acid and N-hydroxybenzotriazole; an acyl azide, for example an azide formed by the reaction of the acid and an azide such as diphenylphosphoryl azide; an acyl cyanide, for example a cyanide formed by the reaction of an acid and a cyanide such as diethylphosphoryl cyanide; or the product of the reaction of the acid and a carbodiimide such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, or the product of the reaction of the acid and bis-(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)-phosphorylchloride. The reaction is carried out between −30° C. and 60° C., conveniently at or below 0° C. In the second step, hydroxylamine is added to the solution, at the temperature used for the activation, and the temperature is slowly adjusted to ambient temperature. These methods are well known to those skilled in the art. In principle, all methods for the synthesis of amides as used in peptide chemistry as described in e.g. “Methoden der organischen Chemie (Houben-Weyl)” Vol. XV/1 and XV/2 are also applicable.
- (d) Compounds of formula I can also be prepared with methods of solid phase supported synthesis. Terephthalic acid or 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid is reacted with a hydroxylamine moiety (—O—NH2) bound to a resin, e.g. a Wang resin (Wang-O—NH2 resin was supplied by EMC microcollections, Tübingen) to form a resin-bound hydroxamic acid. The second carbonic acid moiety is reacted with an amine by standard methods of amide formation as described in e.g. “Methoden der organischen Chemie (Houben-Weyl)” Vol. XV/1 and XV/2. After this, the hydroxamic acid is liberated from the solid support. This can be done for example with TFA. The crude product can be purified by LC-MS, if necessary.
- The invention will now be illustrated in the following non-limiting examples in which, unless otherwise stated:
- (i) evaporations were carried out by rotary evaporation in vacuo and work-up procedures were carried out after removal of residual solids such as drying agents by filtration;
- (ii) operations were carried out at ambient temperature, that is in the range 18-25° C. and under an atmosphere of an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen;
- (iii) column chromatography (by the flash procedure) and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) were performed on Merck Kieselgel silica or Merck Lichroprep RP-18 reversed-phase silica obtained from E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany;
- (iv) yields are given for illustration only and are not necessarily the maximum attainable;
- (v) melting points were determined using a Mettler SP62 automatic melting point apparatus, an oil-bath apparatus or a Kofler hot plate apparatus.
- (vi) the structures of the end-products of the formula I were confirmed by nuclear (generally proton) magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectral techniques (Micromass Platform II machine using APCI or Micromass Platform ZMD using electrospray);
- (vii) intermediates were not generally fully characterized and purity was assessed by thin layer chromatography;
- (viii) the examples were actually performed; and
- (viv) the following abbreviations have been used:
- DMF, N,N-dimethylformamide;
- DMSO, dimethylsulphoxide;
- THF, tetrahydrofuran;
- MeOH, methanol;
- HCl, hydrochloric acid;
- NaH, sodium hydride
- CH2Cl2, dichloromethane;
- H2SO4, sulphuric acid
- sat., saturated
- sol., solution
- rt, room temperature
- eq, equivalent
- 1.9 g Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester and 1.2 mL N-methylmorpholine is dissolved in 20 mL of CH2Cl2 at −10° C. To this solution is added 1.5 mL isobutyl chloroformate. After 10 min of stirring, 1.7 mL 1-(aminomethyl)-naphthalene in 5 mL of CH2Cl2 is added. The cooling bath is removed and the reaction mixture is allowed to reach rt. After 90 min, 10 mL of water and 10 mL 2N HCl are added. The phases are separated, and the organic phase is washed with water. After evaporation of the solvent there is obtained 4.4 g crude 5-[(naphtalen-1-ylmethyl)-carbamoyl]-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (1b) which is purified by recrystalisation from ethylacetate, petrol ether, yielding 58%, mp 125° C.
- To a solution of 550 mg hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 8 mL MeOH is added ⅔ of a solution of 275 mg of sodium in 8 mL of MeOH. To this, a solution of 1.30 g 5-[(naphtalen-1-ylmethyl)-carbamoyl]-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (1b) in 30 mL MeOH is added, followed by the remaining sodium methylate solution. After stirring for 4 h at rt the solvent is evaporated. 20 mL of water are added, acidified with 4 mL 50% acetic acid, and the precipitate is collected by filtration. After trituration with THF there is obtained 0.76 g thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-amide] (1a) as a white powder, mp 170° C.
- 2a is prepared from thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester in an analogous manner to that described for the preparation of 1a example 1. The last step yields 40% of thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-(4-trifluoromethyl-benzylamide) (2a), mp. 172-174° C.
- 1 eq of Wang-O—NH2 is shaken with 11 eq of terephthalic acid, 5.5 eq N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide, 5.5 eq 1-hydroxybenzotriazole and 25 eq diisopropylethylamine in DMF for 4 h at 25° C. After that, the resin is washed with DMF (5 times), MeOH (3 times), THF (3 times), CH2Cl2 (3 times) and diethylether (3 times). The resin is then shaken with 5 eq pentafluorophenyl trifluoroacetate and 10 eq pyridine. After that, the resin is washed with DMF (2 times), followed by CH2Cl2 (2 times), followed by diethylether (2 times). The resin is then shaken with 5 eq of naphtalenemethylamine, 10 eq of diisopropylethylamine and 1 eq of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. It is then shaken with 5 eq pentafluorophenyl trifluoroacetate and 10 eq pyridine. After that, the resin is washed with DMF (2 times), followed by CH2Cl2 (2 times). To liberate the product from the solid support, the resin is shaken with 50% TFA in dry CH2Cl2 with 5% triisopropylsilane added at rt for 1 h. The liquid phase is filtered, the resin washed with CH2Cl2 (3 times), and the combined filtrates are evaporated. The crude product is dissolved in tert-butanol/H2O (80:20) and freeze-dried. To neutralize any remaining TFA, 100 μL of a 25% NH4OH-sol is added and freeze-dried, again. The remaining solid is purified by preparative LC-MS to N-hydroxy-N′-naphthalen-1-ylmethyl-terephthalamide, MS (APCI): 321.1 (M+1)
- Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(3-chloro-benzylamide)5-hydroxyamide (4a)
- 9.0 g Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester is refluxed in 30 mL of thionylchloride until gas evolution has ceased. The mixture is evaporated and the residue is slowly added to a solution of 10.3 g 3-chlorobenzylamine and 20 g triethylamine in 180 mL CH2Cl2 at 0° C. After 15 min the cooling bath is removed and the reaction mixture is allowed to reach rt. After 2 h it is quenched with water, the phases are separated, and the aqueous phase is extracted with CH2Cl2. The combined organic phases are dried with Na2SO4 and evaporated yielding a crude product. This is purified by recrystallisation from diethylether/heptane yielding 13.9 g (93%) crude 5-[(3-chlorobenzyl)-carbamoyl]-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (4b), mp 91-93° C. To a solution of 2.9 g hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 45 mL MeOH is added 25 mL of a solution of 1.4 g sodium in 40 mL of MeOH. To this, a solution of 6.4 g ester 4b in 30 mL MeOH is added, followed by the remaining 15 mL of the sodium methylate solution. After stirring for 3 h at rt the solution is acidified with 1N HCl and some ethylacetate is added. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(3-chloro-benzylamide) 5-hydroxyamide (4a) precipitates as a white solid; 4.7 g, 73%, mp. 183° C.
- 5a is prepared from thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester in an analogous manner to that described for the preparation of 4a example 4. MS (APCI): 305.3 (M+1)
- 6a is prepared from thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester in an analogous manner to that described for the preparation of 4a example 4, mp 171-173° C.
- 0.5 g 2-carboxy-thiophen-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (M. Janda, J. Srogl, M. Nemec, I. Stibor; Org. Prep. and Proced. Int. 3 (6) (1971)295.) and 0.67 g N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimid×HCl are stirred in 50 mL DCM for 15 min. Then, 0.338 g 3,5-dimethylbenzylamin are added and the mixture is stirred overnight. The solution is extracted with 2N HCl and water, then evaporated. The residue is titurated with isohexan, and the resulting crystals are filtrated and air-dried, yielding 0.58 g (73%) crude 5-(3,5-Dimethyl-benzylcarbamoyl)-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (7b). This ester in converted to title compound by reaction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in a manner similar to that described for the conversion of 4b into 4a in example 4. After chromatography (silica, ethylacetate), thiophene-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 2-(3,5-dimethyl-benzylamide)4-hydroxyamide (7a) is obtained as crystals; 44 mg, 9%, mp: 181° C. (decomp.).
- 8a is prepared from 2-carboxy-thiophen-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester in an analogous manner to that described for the preparation of 7a example 7; 163 mg, 34%, mp: 90° C. (decomp.).
- 9a is prepared from 2-carboxy-thiophen-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester in an analogous manner to that described for the preparation of 7a example 7; 56 mg, 10%, mp: 174-177° C.
- 10a is prepared from 2-carboxy-thiophen-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester in an analogous manner to that described for the preparation of 7a example 7; 16 mg, 3%, mp: 182° C. (decomp.).
- 11a is prepared from 2-carboxy-thiophen-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester in an analogous manner to that described for the preparation of 7a example 7; 92 mg, 20%, mp: 150° C. (decomp.).
- 5.0 g 2-carboxy-thiophen-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (Org. Prep. and Proced. Int. 3 (6) (1971) 295) is dissolved in 50 mL THF and 4.5 g thionylchloride is added. After refluxing for 4 h, the mixture is evaporated. The crude acid chloride is added to a solution of 3.1 g O-benzylhydroxylamine and 3.06 g triethylamine in 80 mL DCM. After stirring for 4 h the solution is washed with 2N HCl and water, dried and evaporated. After titurating the residue with isohexan/diethylether, bright crystals of 5-benzyloxycarbamoyl-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (12b) are obtained, which are filtered and air-dried; 3.5 g, 46%. 0.46 g NaOH are dissolved in 45 mL ethanol and 5 mL water. The ester 12b is added and the solution refluxed for 2 h. After cooling, the ethanol is evaporated and the aqueous phase extracted with diethylether. The aqueous phase is acidified with 2N HCl and the precipitate formed is collected by filtration, yielding 2.8 g (88%) 5-benzyloxycarbamoyl-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid (12c) as a solid.
- 0.4 g 5-benzyloxycarbamoyl-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid (12c) is dissolved in 50 mL DCM, and 0.387 g N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimid×HCl are added. After stirring for 15 min, 0.195 g 3,5-dimethylbenzylamine is added, and the mixture is stirred overnight.
- The solution is extracted with 2N HCl and water, then evaporated. The residue is titurated with ether/isohexan, and the resulting crystals are filtrated and air-dried, yielding 0.44 g (77%) of thiophene-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 2-(benzyloxy-amide)4-(3,5-dimethyl-benzylamide) (12d). This is hydrogenated in a 1:1 mixture of THF and MeOH using Pd/CaSO4/C and purified by preparative HPLC/MS yielding 12a: MS (APCI): 303.1 (M−1).
- In an analogous manner to that described in the example 12, the following compounds are prepared:
- 1. Thiophene-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 4-(3-chloro-benzylamide)2-hydroxyamide
- 2. Thiophene-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 4-hexylamide 2-hydroxyamide
- In an analogous manner to that described in the example 12, but using 2-carboxy-thiophen-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester and methyl 4-(aminomethyl)-benzoate as starting material, 4-{[(5-Hydroxycarbamoyl-thiophene-2-carbonyl)-amino]-methyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester is prepared, mp.: 156-166° C.
- In an analogous manner to that described in the example 1, and using known methods as described in the literature (e.g. in standard works such as Houben-Weyl, “Methoden der Organischen Chemie, Georg Thieme Verlag”, Stuttgart; Organic Reactions, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York) the following compounds are prepared and characterized with MS (APCI):
- 1. 5-(4-benzhydryl-piperazine-1-carbonyl)-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide
- 2. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-benzylamide 5-hydroxyamide
- 3. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(3-methyl-butyl)-amide]
- 4. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-(phenethyl-amide)
- 5. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-{[2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-amide}
- 6. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(4-fluoro-benzylamide)5-hydroxyamide
- 7. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalen-1-yl)-amide]
- 8. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(2-ethoxy-benzylamide)5-hydroxyamide
- 9. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(2,4-difluoro-benzylamide)5-hydroxyamide
- 10. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-indan-1-ylamide
- 11. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 12. 5-(4-phenyl-piperazine-1-carbonyl)-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide
- 13. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(3-isopropoxy-propyl)-amide]
- 14. 5-(4-acetyl-piperazine-1-carbonyl)-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide
- 15. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-dibutylamide 5-hydroxyamide
- 16. 5-(4-benzyl-piperidine-1-carbonyl)-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide
- 17. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-amide]
- 18. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-cyclohexylamide 5-hydroxyamide
- 19. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-cyclopropylamide 5-hydroxyamide
- 20. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-{[2-(1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-ethyl]-amide}
- 21. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-(2-methoxy-benzylamide)
- 22. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(2-cyclohex-1-enyl-ethyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 23. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl)-amide]
- 24. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(2-methylsulfanyl-ethyl)-amide]
- 25. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl)-amide]
- 26. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-phenylamide
- 27. 5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide
- 28. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(4-methoxy-phenyl)-amide]
- 29. 5-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide
- 30. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 31. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(4-chloro-phenyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 32. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(4-iodo-phenyl)-amide]
- 33. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(3-ethyl-phenyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 34. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(4-ethyl-phenyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 35. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(3-chloro-phenyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 36. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(3-iodo-phenyl)-amide]
- 37. 5-(1,4-dioxa-8-aza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carbonyl)-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide
- 38. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(3-morpholin-4-yl-propyl)-amide]
- 39. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-pentylamide
- 40. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(2-diethylamino-ethyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 41. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-heptylamide 5-hydroxyamide
- 42. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-(isobutyl-amide)
- 43. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-nonylamide
- 44. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(1-phenyl-ethyl)-amide]
- 45. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-amide 5-hydroxyamide
- 46. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[2-(5-nitro-pyridin-2-ylamino)-ethyl]-amide
- 47. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-(3-methyl-benzylamide)
- 48. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(2-p-tolyl-ethyl)-amide]
- 49. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[3-(2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-propyl]-amide
- 50. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethyl)-amide]
- 51. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-cyclobutylamide 5-hydroxyamide
- 52. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(2-fluoro-benzylamide)5-hydroxyamide
- 53. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(2-phenyl-propyl)-amide]
- 54. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(2,3-dimethoxy-benzylamide)5-hydroxyamide
- 55. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(1-benzyl-piperidin-4-yl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 56. 4-[(5-hydroxycarbamoyl-thiophene-2-carbonyl)-amino]-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
- 57. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(3-dimethylamino-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 58. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(3-ethoxy-propyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 59. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(3-dimethylamino-propyl)-amide]5-58
- 60. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[2-(2-chloro-phenyl)-ethyl]-amide 5-hydroxyamide
- 61. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-(2-trifluoromethyl-benzylamide)
- 62. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-(3-trifluoromethyl-benzylamide)
- 63. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(2,5-difluoro-benzylamide)5-hydroxyamide
- 64. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(2,6-difluoro-benzylamide)5-hydroxyamide
- 65. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(3,4-difluoro-benzylamide)5-hydroxyamide
- 66. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(3-imidazol-1-yl-propyl)-amide]
- 67. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(1-cyclohexyl-ethyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 68. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[2-(3-chloro-phenyl)-ethyl]-amide 5-hydroxyamide
- 69. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[2-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-amide 5-hydroxyamide
- 70. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[2-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-ethyl]-amide 5-hydroxyamide
- 71. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-cyclopropylmethyl-amide 5-hydroxyamide
- 72. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[2-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-amide 5-hydroxyamide
- 73. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(4-diethylamino-1-methyl-butyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 74. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(2-pyridin-2-yl-ethyl)-amide]
- 75. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethyl)-amide]
- 76. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(1-methyl-hexyl)-amide]
- 77. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-cycloheptylamide 5-hydroxyamide
- 78. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-cyclopentylamide 5-hydroxyamide
- 79. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(2,4-dichloro-benzylamide)5-hydroxyamide
- 80. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(3-diethylamino-propyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 81. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 82. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(2,2-diphenyl-ethyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 83. 3-[(5-hydroxycarbamoyl-thiophene-2-carbonyl)-amino]-butyric acid ethyl ester
- 84. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(2-ethyl-hexyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 85. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-(4-methoxy-benzylamide)
- 86. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-(4-methyl-benzylamide)
- 87. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(3-phenyl-propyl)-amide]
- 88. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(2-diisopropylamino-ethyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 89. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-ethyl]-amide
- 90. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(3,3-diphenyl-propyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 91. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(2-amino-benzylamide)5-hydroxyamide
- 92. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(4-bromo-benzylamide)5-hydroxyamide
- 93. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzylamide) 5-hydroxyamide
- 94. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(3-bromo-benzylamide)5-hydroxyamide
- 95. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(3-fluoro-benzylamide)5-hydroxyamide
- 96. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-(3-methoxy-benzylamide)
- 97. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-benzylamide)5-hydroxyamide
- 98. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(4-tert-butyl-benzylamide)5-hydroxyamide
- 99. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-{[2-(4-sulfamoyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-amide}
- 100. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(2-benzylsulfanyl-ethyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 101. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-{[2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-amide}
- 102. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-{[2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-ethyl]-amide}5-hydroxyamide
- 103. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-amide} 5-hydroxyamide
- 104. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(2-phenoxy-ethyl)-amide]
- 105. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(4-phenyl-butyl)-amide]
- 106. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(3,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 107. 5-(4-Pyrimidin-2-yl-piperazine-1-carbonyl)-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide
- 108. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 109. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 110. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(4-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-amide]
- 111. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(4-dimethylamino-phenyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 112. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(4-phenoxy-phenyl)-amide]
- 113. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-p-tolylamide
- 114. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(4-piperidin-1-yl-phenyl)-amide]
- 115. 1-(5-Hydroxycarbamoyl-thiophene-2-carbonyl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester
- 116. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[methyl-(1-methyl-piperidin-4-yl)-amide]
- 117. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-{methyl-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-ethyl]-amide}
- 118. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(butyl-methyl-amide)5-hydroxyamide
- 119. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-diethylamide 5-hydroxyamide
- 120. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(4-cyclohexyl-phenyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 121. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[methyl-(2-methylamino-ethyl)-amide]
- 122. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[ethyl-(3-ethylamino-propyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 123. 5-[4-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-piperazine-1-carbonyl]-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide
- 124. 5-(4-Dimethylcarbamoylmethyl-piperazine-1-carbonyl)-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide
- 125. 5-[4-(2-Oxo-2-piperidin-1-yl-ethyl)-piperazine-1-carbonyl]-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide
- 126. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-(3-trifluoromethoxy-benzylamide)
- 127. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-(3-phenoxy-benzylamide)
- 128. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(1-methyl-3-phenyl-propyl)-amide]
- 129. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(3-methoxy-propyl)-amide]
- 130. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(4-chloro-benzylamide)5-hydroxyamide
- 131. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(2-acetylamino-ethyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 132. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(1-methyl-heptyl)-amide]
- 133. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[(1-methyl-butyl)-amide]
- 134. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-allylamide 5-hydroxyamide
- 135. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(1,3-dimethyl-butyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 136. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-propylamide
- 137. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-sec-butylamide 5-hydroxyamide
- 138. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-butylamide 5-hydroxyamide
- 139. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(3,4-dichloro-benzylamide)5-hydroxyamide
- 140. Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(2,3-dichloro-benzylamide)5-hydroxyamide
- 141. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(2,3-difluoro-benzylamide)5-hydroxyamide
- 142. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(2-chloro-benzylamide)5-hydroxyamide
- 143. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(3,4-dimethoxy-benzylamide)5-hydroxyamide
- 144. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-(3,5-difluoro-benzylamide)5-hydroxyamide
- 145. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[(2-amino-phenyl)-amide]5-hydroxyamide
- 146. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-[4-(2-amino-phenylcarbamoyl)-benzylamide]5-(benzyloxy-amide)
- 147. thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyamide 5-[methyl-(4-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-amide]
- In an analogous manner to that described in the example 3, and using known methods as described in the literature (e.g. in standard works such as Houben-Weyl, “Methoden der Organischen Chemie, Georg Thieme Verlag”, Stuttgart; Organic Reactions, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York) the following compounds are prepared and characterized with MS (APCI):
- 1. 4-(4-benzhydryl-piperazine-1-carbonyl)-N-hydroxy-benzamide
- 2. N-hydroxy-N′-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-terephthalamide
- 3. N-benzyl-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide
- 4. N-cyclohexyl-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide
- 5. N-cyclopropyl-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide
- 6. N-hexyl-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide
- 7. N-hydroxy-N′-(3-methyl-butyl)-terephthalamide
- 8. N-hydroxy-N′-phenethyl-terephthalamide
- 9. N-hydroxy-N′-[2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-terephthalamide
- 10. N-(3-chloro-benzyl)-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide
- 11. N-hydroxy-N′-(2-methoxy-benzyl)-terephthalamide
- 12. N-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide
- 13. N-hydroxy-N′-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalen-1-yl)-terephthalamide
- 14. N-hydroxy-N′-(4-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-terephthalamide
- 15. N-(2,4-difluoro-benzyl)-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide
- 16. N-hydroxy-N′-indan-1-yl-terephthalamide
- 17. N-benzo [1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide
- 18. N-hydroxy-4-(4-phenyl-piperazine-1-carbonyl)-benzamide
- 19. N-(3,5-dimethyl-benzyl)-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide
- 20. N-hydroxy-N′-(3-isopropoxy-propyl)-terephthalamide
- 21. 4-(4-acetyl-piperazine-1-carbonyl)-N-hydroxy-benzamide
- 22. N,N-dibutyl-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide
- 23. 4-(4-benzyl-piperidine-1-carbonyl)-N-hydroxy-benzamide
- 24. N-hydroxy-N′-[2-(1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-ethyl]-terephthalamide
- 25. N-(2-ethoxy-benzyl)-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide
- 26. N-(2-cyclohex-1-enyl-ethyl)-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide
- 27. N-hydroxy-N′-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl)-terephthalamide
- 28. N-hydroxy-N′-(2-methylsulfanyl-ethyl)-terephthalamide
- 29. N-hydroxy-N′-(tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl)-terephthalamide
- MTT (tetrazolium dye proliferation assay) is widely used for the quantitative determination of cytotoxic effects or in vitro chemosensitivity of tumor cells. The assay is based on the cleavage of the yellow tetrazolium salt MTT to purple formazan crystals by metabolic active cells. For details, see Rubinstein, L. V., et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 82 (1990) 1113-1118.
- The following procedure was performed: HT-29 cells (human colon carcinoma cell line) were cultivated in RPMI 1640, 2.5% FCS, 2 mM Glutamine, 100 u/ml Penicillin, 100 ug/ml Streptomycin. For the assay the cells were seeded in 384 well plates, 900 cells per well, in the same medium The next day compounds (dissolved 10 mM in DMSO) were added in various concentrations ranging from 30 uM to 1.5 nM. After 5 days the MTT assay was done mainly according to the instructions of the manufacturer (Cell proliferation kit I, MTT, fom Roche Molecular Biochemicals). In brief: MTT labeling reagent was added to a final concentration of 0.5 mg/ml, added and incubated for 4 hrs at 37 C, 5% CO2. During this incubation time purple formazan crystals are formed. After addition of the solubilization solution (20% SDS in 0.02 M HCl) the plates were incubated overnight at 37 C, 5% CO2. After careful mixing plates were measured in Victor 2 (scanning multiwell spectrophotometer, Wallac) at 550 nm.
- A decrease in number of living cells results in a decrease in the total metabolic activity in the sample. The decrease directly correlates to the amount of purple colour resulting from the solubilization of the purple formazan crystals. Determination of IC50 was done using XL-fit. The results of this experiment are provided below in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Compounds according to this invention IC50 HT29 [μM] Example 15, No. 128 0.02 Example 15, No. 81 0.03 Example 15, No. 104 0.04 Example 5 0.05 Example 15, No. 93 0.05 Example 15, No. 94 0.07 Example 15, No. 98 0.07 Example 2 0.11 Example 4 0.14 Example 15, No. 90 0.14 Example 15, No. 139 0.17 -
Tablet formulation Item Ingredients mg/Tablet 1 Compound 2a 25 100 2 Anhydrous Lactose 73 35 3 Croscarmellose 6 8 Sodium 4 Povidone K30 5 6 5 Magnesium Stearate 1 1 Total Weight 110 150 - Compound 2a is described in Example 2.
- Procedure:
- 1. Mix Items 1, 2 and 3 in a suitable mixer for 15 minutes.
- 2. Granulate the powder mix from Step 1 with 20% Povidone K30 Solution (Item 4).
- 3. Dry the granulation from Step 2 at 50° C.
- 4. Pass the granulation from Step 3 through a suitable milling equipment.
- 5. Add the Item 5 to the milled granulation Step 4 and mix for 3 minutes.
- 6. Compress the granulation from Step 5 on a suitable press.
- Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, Vincent T. DeVita, Jr., Samuel Hellmann, Steven A. Rosenberg; 5th Ed., Lippincott-Raven Publishers 1997
- Houben-Weyl, “Methoden der Organischen Chemie, Georg Thieme Verlag”, Stuttgart; Organic Reactions, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York
- Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie, Vol. XV/1 and XV/2
- Koyama, Y., et al., Blood 96 (2000) 1490-1495
- Marks, P. M., et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 92 (2000) 1210-1216
- Org. Prep. and Proced. Int. 3 (6) (1971) 295
- Rubinstein, L. V., et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 82 (1990) 1113-1118
- U.S. Pat. No. 2,680,731
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,369,108
- WO 98/55449
- Z. Phys. Chem.(Leipzig) 262 (3) (1981) 445-448
Claims (10)
1. A compound of formula I
is a phenyl ring that may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-4-alkyl-, trifluoromethyl-, hydroxy-, C1-4-alkoxy-, nitro-, amino-, C1-4-alkylamino-, di[C1-4-alkyl]-amino-, C1-4-alkanoylamino, C1-3-alkylenedioxy or an acyl group;
and
R1 and R2 are each independently selected from
hydrogen,
a branched or unbranched C1-14-alkyl group that
may be unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxy-, nitro-, an amino group, a carbocyclic group or a heterocyclic group,
and wherein at a chain length of longer than 2 carbon atoms, one or more non adjacent atoms may be replaced by oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms,
and wherein 2 atoms may be bound together by a double or triple bond,
a carbocyclic group, and
a heterocyclic group,
or alternatively, the group —NR1R2 forms a 3-6 membered ring that may contain additional heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, said ring optionally being annulated to a carbocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring, and said —NR1R2 ring being unsubstituted or optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, an C1-4-alkyl-, trifluoromethyl-, hydroxy-, C1-4-alkoxy-, aryl-, hetaryl-, arylalkyl, arylalkyloxy-, aryloxy, C1-3-alkylenedioxy-, nitro-, amino-, C1-4-alkylamino-, di[C1-4-alkyl]amino-, C1-4-alkanoylamino- or an acyl-group; or
the enantiomers, diastereoisomers, racemates and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
2. The compound of claim 1 wherein R2 is benzyl or substituted benzyl.
3. The compound of claim 1 wherein R2 is benzyl or substituted benzyl.
4. A compound selected from the group consisting of
N-hydroxy-N′-naphthalen-1-ylmethyl-terephthalamide;
4-(4-benzhydryl-piperazine-1-carbonyl)-N-hydroxy-benzamide;
N-hydroxy-N′-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-terephthalamide;
N-benzyl-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide;
N-cyclohexyl-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide;
N-cyclopropyl-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide;
N-hexyl-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide;
N-hydroxy-N′-(3-methyl-butyl)-terephthalamide;
N-hydroxy-N′-phenethyl-terephthalamide; and
N-hydroxy-N′-[2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-terephthalamide.
5. A compound selected from the group consisting of
N-(3-chloro-benzyl)-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide;
N-hydroxy-N′-(2-methoxy-benzyl)-terephthalamide;
N-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide;
N-hydroxy-N′-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalen-1-yl)-terephthalamide;
N-hydroxy-N′-(4-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-terephthalamide;
N-(2,4-difluoro-benzyl)-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide;
N-hydroxy-N′-indan-1-yl-terephthalamide;
N-benzo [1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide;
N-hydroxy-4-(4-phenyl-piperazine-1-carbonyl)-benzamide; and
N-(3,5-dimethyl-benzyl)-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide.
6. A compound selected from the group consisting of
N-hydroxy-N′-(3-isopropoxy-propyl)-terephthalamide;
4-(4-acetyl-piperazine-1-carbonyl)-N-hydroxy-benzamide;
N,N-dibutyl-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide;
4-(4-benzyl-piperidine-1-carbonyl)-N-hydroxy-benzamide;
N-hydroxy-N′-[2-(1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-ethyl]-terephthalamide;
N-(2-ethoxy-benzyl)-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide;
N-(2-cyclohex-1-enyl-ethyl)-N′-hydroxy-terephthalamide;
N-hydroxy-N′-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl) terephthalamide;
N-hydroxy-N′-(2-methylsulfanyl-ethyl)-terephthalamide; and
N-hydroxy-N′-(tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl)-terephthalamide.
7. A process of manufacturing a compound of formula I comprising
reacting a compound of formula III
with an amine of the formula HNR1R2 in the presence of an activating agent, to give a compound of formula II
reacting the compound of formula II with hydroxylamine in the presence of a suitable base, wherein
is a phenyl ring that may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, a C1-4-alkyl-, trifluoromethyl-, hydroxy-, C1-4-alkoxy-, nitro-, amino-, C1-4-alkylamino-, di[C1-4-alkyl]-amino-, C1-4-alkanoylamino, a C1-3-alkylenedioxy-group or an acyl group;
R1 and R2 are each independently selected from
hydrogen,
a branched or unbranched C1-14-alkyl group that
may be unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxy-, nitro-, an amino group, a carbocyclic group or a heterocyclic group,
and wherein at a chain length of longer than 2 carbon atoms, one or more non adjacent atoms may be replaced by oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms,
and wherein 2 atoms may be bound together by a double or triple bond,
a carbocyclic group, and
a heterocyclic group,
or alternatively, the group —NR1R2 forms a 3-6 membered ring that may contain additional heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, said ring optionally being annulated to a carbocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring, and said —NR1R2 ring being unsubstituted or optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, an C1-4-alkyl-, trifluoromethyl-, hydroxy-, C1-4-alkoxy-, aryl-, hetaryl-, arylalkyl, arylalkyloxy-, aryloxy, C1-3-alkylenedioxy-, nitro-, amino-, C1-4-alkylamino-, di[C1-4-alkyl]amino-, C1-4-alkanoylamino- or an acyl-group; and
R3 is C1-4-alkyl.
8. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
9. A method of treating breast, lung, colon, rectal, stomach, prostate, bladder, pancreas or ovarian cancer comprising administering to a subject in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 .
10. A compound of formula
is a phenyl ring that may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, a C1-4-alkyl-, trifluoromethyl-, hydroxy-, C1-4-alkoxy-, nitro-, amino-, C1-4-alkylamino-, di[C1-4-alkyl]-amino-, C1-4-alkanoylamino, a C1-3-alkylenedioxy-group or an acyl group;
R1 and R2 are each independently selected from
hydrogen,
a branched or unbranched C1-14-alkyl group that
may be unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxy-, nitro-, an amino group, a carbocyclic group or a heterocyclic group,
and wherein at a chain length of longer than 2 carbon atoms, one or more non adjacent atoms may be replaced by oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms,
and wherein 2 atoms may be bound together by a double or triple bond,
a carbocyclic group, and
a heterocyclic group,
or alternatively, the group —NR1R2, forms a 3-6 membered ring that may contain additional heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, said ring optionally being annulated to a carbocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring, and said —NR1R2 ring being unsubstituted or optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, an C1-4-alkyl-, trifluoromethyl-, hydroxy-, C1-4-alkoxy-, aryl-, hetaryl-, arylalkyl, arylalkyloxy-, aryloxy, C1-3-alkylenedioxy-, nitro-, amino-, C1-4-alkylamino-, di[C1-4-alkyl]amino-, C1-4-alkanoylamino- or an acyl-group; and
Y is a protecting group.
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