US20040175232A1 - Emissive highway markers - Google Patents

Emissive highway markers Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040175232A1
US20040175232A1 US10/384,197 US38419703A US2004175232A1 US 20040175232 A1 US20040175232 A1 US 20040175232A1 US 38419703 A US38419703 A US 38419703A US 2004175232 A1 US2004175232 A1 US 2004175232A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
led
marker according
highway marker
highway
electromagnetic radiation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/384,197
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English (en)
Inventor
Charles Hunter
Drew Narayan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Next Safety Inc
Original Assignee
Next Safety Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Next Safety Inc filed Critical Next Safety Inc
Priority to US10/384,197 priority Critical patent/US20040175232A1/en
Assigned to NEXT SAFETY, INC. reassignment NEXT SAFETY, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HUNTER, CHARLES ERIC, NARAYANM, DREW C.
Priority to EP03749475A priority patent/EP1680553A4/fr
Priority to PCT/US2003/027946 priority patent/WO2005026444A1/fr
Priority to AU2003268508A priority patent/AU2003268508A1/en
Publication of US20040175232A1 publication Critical patent/US20040175232A1/en
Priority to US10/947,053 priority patent/US7273328B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • E01F9/50—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users
    • E01F9/553—Low discrete bodies, e.g. marking blocks, studs or flexible vehicle-striking members
    • E01F9/559—Low discrete bodies, e.g. marking blocks, studs or flexible vehicle-striking members illuminated

Definitions

  • the invention relates to highway markers, more particularly to emissive highway markers that include light sources that emit electromagnetic radiation of desired wavelength(s) to enhance highway safety.
  • a fundamental problem with traditional reflective highway markers is that they reflect light in a straight path even though many roadways are not necessarily straight. Additionally, automotive headlights do not have consistent optical power across a wide viewing angle. As such, optional power declines at the outer edges of the headlight. This phenomenon is characteristic of all back-reflective headlights.
  • a highway marker system that comprises an emissive device positioned on a highway, wherein said emissive device emits electromagnetic radiation.
  • FIG. 1A is a top view perspective of the emissive highway marker of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1B is a side view perspective of the emissive highway marker of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an illustration of a highway equipped with emissive highway markers.
  • Emissive highway markers overcome the deficiencies of traditional reflective highway markers illuminated by back reflective automotive headlights because they give the driver better opportunity to see curves and bends in a highway.
  • Emissive highway markers are capable of adjust the color of light emitted in response to ambient light conditions.
  • Various colors of light can be used to convey information to the driver, such as the presence of an intersection, a road hazard, inclement weather or the need to be on a radio to receive regional or national emergency broadcast instructions.
  • the disclosed markers may also be equipped to monitor the relative position and speed of passing vehicles and to communicate that information to a computer on board the vehicle.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B top and side views of an emissive highway marker 100 are shown.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates an light-emitting diode (LED) array 110 , a plurality of photodetectors 115 , and a plurality of photovoltaic cells 120 .
  • FIG. 1 shows ASIC current drivers 125 , an aluminum cooling fin 130 , aluminum alloy cooling/positioning rods 135 , a stress absorbing spring 140 , and a plastic or metal shell 145 which contains the assemblage.
  • the housing would also contain reflective materials to increase the overall visibility of the marker (not shown).
  • marker 100 may further include a microprocessor and radio transmitter and receiver.
  • LED array 110 can be constructed of one or more LED's that emit varying wavelengths of light.
  • LED array 110 can include several types of LED's capable of emitting red, yellow, green, blue, white, or other colors of light.
  • LED array 110 may also include LED's that emit light in the non-visible spectrum. Some examples of LED's that would be suitable for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, LED's that emit light in the blue and green portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
  • These devices will, for example, typically be fabricated from indium gallium nitride and/or gallium nitride layers with or without suitable buffer layers on 6H or 4H silicon carbide substrates (where 6H is the polytype or atomic arrangement), aluminum oxide substrate, gallium nitride substrates or aluminum nitride substrates.
  • LED's that are suitable for use in the present invention will be constructed from a substrate that allows high thermal conductivity and high optical transmissivity. While LED manufacturing techniques using aluminum nitride substrates are still evolving, there are other commercially available devices suitable for number 100 , such as nitride devices grown on both Al 2 O 3 and silicon carbide substrates.
  • Marker 100 may be constructed using LED's that are not as susceptible to degradation.
  • LED array 110 may employ LED's fabricated from gallium nitride grown on Al silicon carbide, gallium nitride or aluminum nitride. These devices emit electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet (UV) or blue portion of the spectrum and are coated with a phosphor. The UV emission striking the phosphor-coated diode creates a stimulated emission of white light that is not susceptible to color shift.
  • UV ultraviolet
  • the LED can in turn be placed inside a blue or green tinted material, such as plastic, that functions as a lens/filter to create blue or green light that is not subject to a color shift
  • a blue or green tinted material such as plastic
  • the phosphor-coated LED can itself emit light of a desired color, such as blue, green, yellow or red. Further, other LED's systems may be used as well.
  • the choice of light emitting semiconductor device may depend on the environment in which marker 100 is intended for use. In addition, embodiments of marker 100 are not limited by the type of LED used.
  • the number of LED's or other light emitting semi-conductive devices used in the construction of marker 100 may also vary according the environment.
  • the lifetime of an optoelectronic device is a function of the drive current supplied to the device and the ambient temperature of the environment in which the LED operates.
  • An embodiment of marker 100 may be constructed using a plurality LED's or other optoelectronic devices. In this case, each emissive highway marker may be operated at a low drive current while still providing sufficient emission of light from the marker to be visible to the human eye in low light conditions.
  • photodetectors 115 can be used to control the emissions of the optoelectronic devices in response to changes in ambient light conditions.
  • Photodetectors 115 interface with a microprocessor or an ASIC (not shown).
  • Photodetectors 115 measure ambient light conditions and provide a signal that is a function of how many photons of light are impinging on the detector.
  • the signal from photodetector 115 can cause marker 100 to alter the color of light emitted by LED array 110 in varying conditions.
  • the human eye has a much higher responsivity to green light in high ambient light conditions than it does to blue light, while in low light the human eye has a higher responsivity to blue light.
  • marker 100 may emit green light, while in low ambient light conditions, blue light can be produced by LED array 110 .
  • Each marker can be equipped with the necessary optoelectronic devices for producing each different color. Markers can also be controlled to emit other colors to signal the driver that he is approaching a stop sign or an intersection.
  • Marker 100 can be controlled by a plurality of different mechanisms.
  • marker 100 can be given a manual setting at the time the marker is installed.
  • the marker could be controlled by an optically-activated device equipped with a microprocessor or an ASIC that is responsive to non-visible radiation such as IR or RF to permit remote control of the marker in a manner similar to a TV remote control.
  • Marker 100 may also use a temperature measurement device that causes the marker to emit a particular color of light in response to changes in the ambient temperature. This embodiment would allow the motorist to be warned that the roadway surface, in particular bridges, may have an unusual condition, such as being icy.
  • detection mechanisms for moisture on the roadway surface can be used in conjunction with the markers, which allows the motorist to be warned that the road surface may be wet or slippery.
  • the color of the markers may also change to indicate that the motorist should tune in to an Emergency Management System radio broadcast, such as in the event of a severe weather or other emergency.
  • LED arrays 110 can emit both visible and non-visible electromagnetic radiation.
  • the non-visible radiation can be used to signal an enunciator device inside a vehicle to track the position of the vehicle relative to the boundaries of the highway, such as the median or the shoulder.
  • optoelectronic devices such as laser diodes in combination with a light emitting diode having a narrow viewing angle, that emit IR or UV can be used to produce the signal.
  • the diodes can broadcast a multidirectional signal that is unique to the marker. This signal can carry information regarding the position of the individual marker and other traffic information.
  • a detector system on the vehicle would receive the signal from the marker.
  • a computer within the vehicle will be able to determine the exact position of the vehicle relative to the markers by “listening” to multiple markers. This could be accomplished in two ways. First, the marker could send information in predetermined intervals. Second, information regarding the interval could be incorporated in the signal. With the time interval emitted and the time interval received, the computer would be able to determine the vehicle's magnitude of velocity with respect to one marker. Thus based on multiple markers, the computer could triangulate the vehicle's position relative to the markers.
  • the detector system could be composed of one photodetector, several photodetectors, or in a preferred embodiment, an array of photodetectors.
  • the array of photodetectors would contain a plurality of devices tuned to specific wavelengths outside the visible spectrum. Certain photodetectors could have bandpass filters. These devices integrated into an array would cover large portions of the spectrum, thereby creating a solid state spectrographer. This would vastly increase the amount of information that could be transmitted from the markers to the detector system.
  • An enunciator in the vehicle can warn the driver and passengers of the vehicle in the event the vehicle is traveling too close to the shoulder or median or is traveling too fast for road conditions, or is approaching an intersection or stop sign or some other warning.
  • the speed and position data gathered by a vehicle's computer from the markers may also be used to automatically print speeding tickets.
  • discreet marker locations can work in conjunction with a global positioning system (GPS) to provide exact street and highway location, confirmation or annunciation.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • Markers 100 can also detect the presence of a stopped vehicle or other obstruction in the roadway.
  • the presence of a stopped vehicle or other obstruction can cause the marker detecting the obstruction to signal other highway markers in the proximity of the obstruction to emit, for example, a yellow light indicating the potential hazard.
  • the signal may be sent between markers via any medium, including IR and RF.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section of a highway equipped with markers as described above.
  • Markers 200 emit light according to the ambient conditions to delineate a curve 230 in the highway.
  • markers 200 may emit blue light at night.
  • markers 2000 may emit green light during daylight hours.
  • the curve markers 220 and 210 clearly delineate for the driver the curve even though markers 200 and 210 may not be directly illuminated by the headlights of vehicle 220 .
  • markers 210 alert the driver of vehicle 220 to the impending hazard posed by stalled vehicle 240 by emitting, for example, yellow light.
  • markers 200 and 210 can detect light from headlights of vehicle 220 and alert people around curve 230 of the approach of vehicle 220 .
  • marker 200 or 210 may be directed to change the color of emitted light upon receipt of an RF, IR, or other signal, where the signal originates from a central station or from another marker. While performing the above described functions, markers 200 or 210 may simultaneously emit signals to a computer on board vehicle 220 to indicate the relative speed and position of vehicle 220 . These signals can typically be IR or RF.
  • the shell would be fabricated from metal.
  • the metal would provide flexibility and impact strength.
  • the housing would be injection molded from a glass or carbon reinforced plastic such as polycarbonate.
  • This plastic is sold under the trade names Lexan by the GE Plastics of Pittsfield, Mass. Lexan 141 or 503 as well as several other grades would be suitable for this application.
  • Other plastics that would be appropriate include Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Acrylic Styrene Acrylonitrile (ASA).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
US10/384,197 2003-03-07 2003-03-07 Emissive highway markers Abandoned US20040175232A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/384,197 US20040175232A1 (en) 2003-03-07 2003-03-07 Emissive highway markers
EP03749475A EP1680553A4 (fr) 2003-03-07 2003-09-05 Reperes de signalisation routiere produisant une emission
PCT/US2003/027946 WO2005026444A1 (fr) 2003-03-07 2003-09-05 Reperes de signalisation routiere produisant une emission
AU2003268508A AU2003268508A1 (en) 2003-03-07 2003-09-05 Emissive highway markers
US10/947,053 US7273328B2 (en) 2003-03-07 2004-09-22 Emissive highway markers

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/384,197 US20040175232A1 (en) 2003-03-07 2003-03-07 Emissive highway markers

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/947,053 Continuation US7273328B2 (en) 2003-03-07 2004-09-22 Emissive highway markers

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20040175232A1 true US20040175232A1 (en) 2004-09-09

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US10/384,197 Abandoned US20040175232A1 (en) 2003-03-07 2003-03-07 Emissive highway markers
US10/947,053 Expired - Fee Related US7273328B2 (en) 2003-03-07 2004-09-22 Emissive highway markers

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US10/947,053 Expired - Fee Related US7273328B2 (en) 2003-03-07 2004-09-22 Emissive highway markers

Country Status (4)

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US (2) US20040175232A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1680553A4 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003268508A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005026444A1 (fr)

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WO2006011064A1 (fr) * 2004-07-23 2006-02-02 Stuart John Hume Plot routier
US20070223996A1 (en) * 2006-03-27 2007-09-27 Green Donald L Emissive road marker system
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US20130155663A1 (en) * 2011-12-20 2013-06-20 David L. Ballard Outdoor Light Fixture Apparatuses and Methods For Locating and Identifying Markers of Interest
US8899776B2 (en) 2012-05-07 2014-12-02 Lighting Science Group Corporation Low-angle thoroughfare surface lighting device
US8899775B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-12-02 Lighting Science Group Corporation Low-angle thoroughfare surface lighting device
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US7501646B2 (en) * 2003-06-26 2009-03-10 Ncr Corporation Security markers for reducing receipt fraud
US20070071549A1 (en) * 2005-02-10 2007-03-29 Richard Cummings On-board-detectable passive pavement marking
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US8231240B1 (en) * 2007-12-12 2012-07-31 Txl Group, Inc. Surface lighting devices having a thermoelectric power source
US20110035140A1 (en) * 2009-08-07 2011-02-10 James Candy Vehicle sensing system utilizing smart pavement markers
US8152325B2 (en) * 2009-09-10 2012-04-10 Mcdermott Kevin F Reflective surface road flare
US20110135386A1 (en) * 2009-12-08 2011-06-09 Amanjit Singh Sahota Apparatus for indicating the formation of ice on a road
US8350723B2 (en) * 2010-01-29 2013-01-08 Guesswhat, Llc Method and system for improved traffic signage
PL2753762T3 (pl) * 2011-09-22 2017-09-29 Solar Bright Limited Marker drogowy lub świetlne urządzenie ostrzegające
CA2909865A1 (fr) * 2013-04-24 2014-10-30 Heijmans N.V. Marquage de route
HUE027813T2 (en) * 2013-06-27 2016-11-28 Vitronic Dr -Ing Stein Bildverarbeitungssysteme Gmbh Traffic monitoring device
US9399844B1 (en) 2014-01-13 2016-07-26 Evolutionary Markings, Inc. Pavement marker modules
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US11603633B2 (en) * 2015-02-11 2023-03-14 Terry Utz Traffic control channelizing system and method of use
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US20050196237A1 (en) 2005-09-08
EP1680553A1 (fr) 2006-07-19
WO2005026444A1 (fr) 2005-03-24
EP1680553A4 (fr) 2007-05-23
US7273328B2 (en) 2007-09-25
AU2003268508A1 (en) 2005-04-06

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